Journal articles: 'Industrial leachates'

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Naidoo, V., M. du Preez, T. Rakgotho, B. Odhav, and C. A. Buckley. "Toxicity and biodegradability of high strength/toxic organic liquid industrial effluents and hazardous landfill leachates." Water Science and Technology 46, no. 9 (November 1, 2002): 163–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2002.0230.

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Industrial effluents and leachates from hazardous landfill sites were tested for toxicity using the anaerobic toxicity assay. This test was done on several industrial effluents (brewery spent grain effluent, a chemical industry effluent, size effluent), and several hazardous landfill leachates giving vastly different toxicity results. The brewery effluent, spent grain effluent and size effluent were found to be less toxic than the chemical effluent and hazardous landfill leachate samples. The chemical industry effluent was found to be most toxic. Leachate samples from the H:h classified hazardous landfill site were found to be less toxic at high concentrations (40% (v/v)) while the H:H hazardous landfill leachate samples were found to be more toxic even at low concentrations of 4% (v/v). The 30 d biochemical methane potential tests revealed that the brewery effluent, organic spent grain effluent and size effluent were 89%, 63%, and 68% biodegradable, respectively. The leachate from Holfontein hazardous landfill site was least biodegradable (19%) while the chemical effluent and Aloes leachate were 29% and 32% biodegradable under anaerobic conditions.

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Osada, Takuya, Keisuke Nemoto, Hiroki Nakanishi, Ayumi Hatano, Ryo Shoji, Tomohiro Naruoka, and Masato Yamada. "Analysis of Ammonia Toxicity in Landfill Leachates." ISRN Toxicology 2011 (September 28, 2011): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2011/954626.

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Toxicity identification evaluation (TIE) phase I manipulations and toxicity test with D. magna were conducted on leachates from an industrial waste landfill site in Japan. Physicochemical analysis detected heavy metals at concentrations insufficient to account for the observed acute toxicity. The graduated pH and aeration manipulations identified the prominent toxicity of ammonia. Based on joint toxicity with additive effects of unionized ammonia and ammonium ions, the unionized ammonia toxicity () was calculated as 3.3 ppm, and the toxicity of ammonium ions () was calculated as 222 ppm. Then, the contribution of ammonia toxicity in the landfill leachate toxicity was calculated as 58.7 vol% of the total toxicity in the landfill leachate. Other specific toxicants masked by ammonia's toxicity were detected. Contribution rate of the toxicants other than by ammonia was 41.3 vol% of the total toxicity of the landfill leachate.

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Wowkonowicz, Paweł, Marta Kijeńska, and Eugeniusz Koda. "Potential environmental risk assessment of di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate emissions from a municipal solid waste landfill leachate." PeerJ 9 (October 1, 2021): e12163. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.12163.

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Background In certain countries, including Poland, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) waste, together with di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) contained within (up to 60%), is mostly directed to municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills. From there, over time, it is released from the polymer matrix and can migrate with landfill leachate into the environment. The amount of DEHP placed on the Polish market since the start of industrial production and the prevalent landfilling disposal of PVC waste in Poland, indicate that DEHP pollution can increase risk factors in the future. The objective of this study was to determine the concentrations of DEHP in leachates from a chosen MSW landfill directed to a local sewage treatment plant (STP) and estimate the associated potential risks to the environment. Results DEHP concentrations in leachates ranged from < LOQ to 394.4 µg/L, depending on the sampling year and season. DEHP is a pervasive environmental contaminant present in all investigated landfill leachate samples. The results from The European Union System for the Evaluation of Substances (EUSES) modelling related to DEHP in leachate directed to STP indicated potentially unacceptable risk to freshwater organisms; and birds and mammals feeding on earthworms (where a sewage sludge applications in agriculture take place). The results indicated low risk for other environmental components including local fresh-water sediment, local soil and microorganisms of STP, and freshwater fish-eating birds and mammals. Conclusions Future DEHP emissions may occur after the technical lifetime of the landfill and/or decay its bottom sealing. To avoid contamination, the monitoring of landfills after closure should include DEHP concentrations and last longer than the recommended (inter alia in Poland) 30 years, or until emissions from PVC to leachate are eliminated. More research on leachate of DEHP and its potential risks should be conducted, utilising detailed modelling which can including other landfills and different routes of DEHP emissions in leachates.

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Hoai, Son Tran, Huong Nguyen Lan, Nga Tran Thi Viet, Giang Nguyen Hoang, and Ken Kawamoto. "Characterizing Seasonal Variation in Landfill Leachate Using Leachate Pollution Index (LPI) at Nam Son Solid Waste Landfill in Hanoi, Vietnam." Environments 8, no. 3 (February 27, 2021): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/environments8030017.

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The improper treatment of landfill leachates is one of the major problems associated with waste landfilling and causes serious environmental pollution at waste landfill sites and their surroundings. To develop a suitable landfill leachate treatment system and to minimize the risk of environmental pollution, it is important to characterize seasonal and temporal variations of landfill leachates. This study investigated the leachate quality of the Nam Son waste landfill in Hanoi, Vietnam in 2017–2019 and characterized the potential risks of landfill leachate using a leachate pollution index (LPI). The results of this study showed that the seasonal and temporal variation of the overall LPI during the monitoring period was small and in the range of 20–25 (values 2.5 times higher than the maximum permissible limits of Vietnam National Technical Regulation on Industrial Wastewater). The LPI sub-indices attributed to organic and inorganic pollutants were major components of the LPI. Especially, the annually averaged values of LPI of inorganic pollutants were 7.7 times higher than the maximum permissible limits, suggesting that the treatment of inorganic pollutants, such as ammonium-nitrogen (NH4+–N) and total nitrogen (TN), is highly required at Nam Son landfill to prevent environmental pollution surrounding the landfill site.

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Renou, S., S. Poulain, J. G. Givaudan, C. Sahut, and P. Moulin. "Lime treatment of stabilized leachates." Water Science and Technology 59, no. 4 (February 1, 2009): 673–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2009.014.

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Reverse Osmosis is the most widely used method for treating municipal solid waste landfill leachates, since it produces a permeate in compliance with reject requirements. However, the efficiency of this process at the industrial scale is limited mainly because of membrane fouling and the high osmotic pressures involved. Although lime precipitation is traditionally used to eliminate the temporary hardness of water by decarbonation, it has also been shown to be highly efficient in removing humic substances which are known to have strong fouling potential towards membranes. Our objective is to study the lime/leachate physico-chemistry, in order to determine the potential of the lime precipitation as pre-treatment for reverse osmosis. The results show that the lime treatment makes it possible (i) to act efficiently on the inorganic fraction of leachates through a decarbonation mechanism which entails massive precipitation of the carbonates under the form of CaCO3, (ii) to eliminate by co-precipitation the high Molecular Weight (MW) organic macromolecules (>50,000 g.mol−1) such as humic acids, and (iii) to generate a stable residue that can be easily stored at a landfill. The reverse osmosis step will be facilitated through significant reduction of the osmotic pressures and prevention of membrane fouling.

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Siddique, Hifzur R., Subash C. Gupta, Alok Dhawan, R. C. Murthy, D. K. Saxena, and D. Kar Chowdhuri. "Genotoxicity of industrial solid waste leachates inDrosophila melanogaster." Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis 46, no. 3 (2005): 189–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/em.20149.

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Mijatovic, Nevenka, Anja Terzic, Lato Pezo, Ljiljana Milicic, Aleksandra Milosavljevic, and Dragana Zivojinovic. "Novel approach for determination of potentially toxic elements via ICP-OES in aqueous solutions of building materials with industrial byproduct addition." Science of Sintering 51, no. 4 (2019): 429–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sos1904429m.

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New global tendencies for waste materials reusing in building materials are imposing the request for improved performances of chemical analysis methods and the improvements of matrices used. A new method for optical emission spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma (ICP-OES) is developed and validated for the chemical analysis (35 elements: Al, Be, Cd, So, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, V, Mo, Zn, Pb , Bi, Si, Zr, W, As, Se, Sb, Sn, Ti, Ba, B, Ag, Mg, Ca, K, Na, S, P, Ga, In, Li) in leachate of fly ash. Validation performances and the uncertainty ?f measurement were resolved. Uncertainty ?f measurements were resolved by three routes: validation procedure, participation in proficiency testing (PT) schemes and standard method. The obtained method is a new simple and effective analyzing route for determination of undesired trace elements and their quantity comprised in leachates of fly ash, and leachates of building materials with addition of fly ash (cement binders and mortars). In order to prove its accuracy and precision, the developed method was employed on laboratory samples of cement binders and mortars. Results were compared with limit values provided in the standard. Multivariate analyses, i.e. cluster analysis and principal component analysis, were applied to establish interrelations between analyzed samples, and to certify the developed ICP-OES method.

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Benfenati, E. "Emerging organic contaminants in leachates from industrial waste landfills and industrial effluent." TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry 22, no. 10 (November 2003): 757–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0165-9936(03)01004-5.

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Covarrubias, Paulo C., Rodrigo Muñoz, Roberto A. Bobadilla-Fazzini, Patricio Martinez, and Raquel Quatrini. "Are there Viruses in Industrial Bioleaching Econiches?" Solid State Phenomena 262 (August 2017): 521–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.262.521.

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Detailed descriptions of the consortia present in commercial mineral processing operations have emerged in recent years, improving our understanding of the biology and the ecology of bioleaching. In spite of this progress, one of the aspects of biomining microbial ecology that remains un-tackled is that of virus-host interactions. The effects of viruses on the dynamics of the bioleaching microbial consortia and their impact in metal recovery is presently unknown. To begin addressing this issue we asked a basic question: ¿Are there viruses in industrial bioleaching econiches? In this work, we answer that question experimentally, assessing the number and types of viral particles recovered in the leachates from different industrial settings, using epifluorescence and transmission electron microscopy. Findings emerging from this work point to an almost null presence of viral particles in the leachates from mineral processing operations, possibly due to structural stability issues of the particles in the extreme acidic and highly oxidant conditions favoured by their potential microbial hosts. In turn, DNA-loaded viral-size vesicles of presently unknown function are frequent and abundant in all samples analysed.

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Tizaoui, C., L. Mansouri, and L. Bousselmi. "Ozone catalysed with solids as an advanced oxidation process for landfill leachate treatment." Water Science and Technology 55, no. 12 (June 1, 2007): 237–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2007.414.

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Heterogeneous catalytic ozonation (HCO) of wastewater is gaining both research and industrial interests. It is proved to be an advanced oxidation process since it involves hydroxyl radicals as oxidation species. Few studies have been carried out to test HCO in the treatment of landfill leachates. This work has been carried out to test three types of catalysts: activated carbon (AC), expanded perlite (EP) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) combined with ozone at 80 g/m3 gas concentration for the treatment of a leachate generated by Jebel Chakir landfill site near Tunis–capital of Tunisia. The work has shown a reduction in COD of about 45% and an increase in biodegradability (BOD5/COD) from 0.1 to 0.34. A catalyst concentration of 0.7 g/L was found optimal for the treatment of the leachate.

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Wintgens, T., M. Gallenkemper, and T. Melin. "Occurrence and removal of endocrine disrupters in landfill leachate treatment plants." Water Science and Technology 48, no. 3 (August 1, 2003): 127–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2003.0180.

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Endocrine disrupting compounds can affect the hormone system in organisms. Industrial chemicals with estrogenic effects were detected in large quantities in landfill leachates. Membrane technology has proven to be an effective barrier to these substances and thus widely applied in the treatment of landfill leachate. The removal techniques under investigation are membrane bioreactors, nanofiltration, activated carbon adsorption, ozonation as well as reverse osmosis. Investigations were conducted at two different landfill leachate treatment plants with a variety of process configurations. The xenoestrogenic substances nonylphenol and bisphenol A were detected in high μg/L-ranges in raw landfill leachate. Membrane bioreactors (MBRs) were capable of removing more than 80% of the nonylphenol load. Final effluent concentrations range between 1-12 μg/L nonylphenol and 3-30 μg/L bisphenol A respectively. Reverse osmosis treatment proved to be less effective in nonylphenol and bisphenol A removal than MBRs with further polishing stages like nanofiltration and activated carbon adsorption.

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Benfenati, E., G. Facchini, P. Pierucci, and R. Fanelli. "Identification of organic contaminants in leachates from industrial waste landfills." TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry 15, no. 8 (September 1996): 305–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-9936(96)00034-9.

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Odeigah, Peter G., Jide Ijimakinwa, Bimbo Lawal, and Rebecca Oyeniyi. "Genotoxicity Screening of Leachates from Solid Industrial Wastes Evaluated with the Allium Test." Alternatives to Laboratory Animals 25, no. 3 (May 1997): 311–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026119299702500312.

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Six solid wastes from the metal industry, from the chemical industry and from the production of pesticides were investigated for their toxic and genotoxic properties by using the Allium test. To simulate environmental conditions and better assess their environmental impact, the solid wastes were leached with water, and the water-extractable micropollutants were lyophilised before screening. The mean root lengths of onions exposed to different concentrations of the leachates were measured, and EC50 values were determined from the growth curves. The EC50 values of the wastes were ranked, in the order: organochlorine pesticide waste, settling tank sludge from a chemical company, paint sludge, lead slag, steel slag and aluminium slag. The leachates were also mitodepressive, and caused significant increases in the frequency of chromosome aberrations. These results demonstrate that the Allium test is a useful screening test for the evaluation and ranking of toxic industrial waste.

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Shaari, Asma Liyana, Siti Norsyuhaila Che Sa, Misni Surif, Noorazah Zolkarnain, and Razmah Ghazali. "Growth of Marine Microalgae in Landfill Leachate and Their Ability as Pollutants Removal." Tropical Life Sciences Research 32, no. 2 (June 29, 2021): 133–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.21315/tlsr2021.32.2.9.

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Leachate from landfill contains concentrated nutrients that may enter the terrestrial and aquatic environment, including nearby coastal areas. The nutrient contaminants eventually bring harm to marine organisms, including microalgae. This study was performed to investigate the growth of two green microalgal species, i.e. Chlorella sp. and Nannochloropsis sp. in diluted landfill leachate. Besides, the ability of nutrient removal by these microalgal was also explored from the changes of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and nutrients content. The initial and final concentrations of COD, NH3-N, and PO43- in the diluted leachate (5%, 10% and 15%) were measured and the growth patterns of these species were determined by counting the cell numbers for 12 days. Comparison of these microalgae showed that the growth rate of Nannochloropsis was significantly higher compared to Chlorella in all leachate concentrations. Leachate at 5% enhanced the growth of both microalgae, while leachates at 10% and 15% decreased their growth as early as at the beginning of the test. It is apparent that the less concentrated leachate discharged into seawater would not pose any toxicity to the environment and would not bear adverse effect to microalgae yet could promote their growth. This study also revealed that the microalgae could remediate leachate pollution by its ability of nutrient removal; thus, leading to the potential application in wastewater bioremediation, including industrial waste and palm oil mill effluent.

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Irfan, Muhammad, Yulong Chen, Muhammad Ali, Muhammad Abrar, Ahmed Qadri, and Osama Bhutta. "Geotechnical Properties of Effluent-Contaminated Cohesive Soils and Their Stabilization Using Industrial By-Products." Processes 6, no. 10 (October 22, 2018): 203. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr6100203.

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The unchecked and unnoticed disposal of industrial leachates is a common malpractice in developing countries. Untreated effluents from industries drastically deteriorate the soil, altering nearly all of its characteristics. An increase in urbanization has led to construction on these deteriorated lands. In this study, the chemical impact of two industrial effluents, dyeing (acidic) and tannery (basic), is studied on two cohesive soils, i.e., high plastic clay (CH) and low plastic clay (CL). Properties such as liquid limit, plasticity index, specific gravity, maximum dry density, unconfined compressive strength, swell potential, swell pressure, and compression indices decrease with effluent contamination, with the exception of the basic effluent, for which the trend changes after a certain percentage. This study also examines the time variation of properties at different effluent percentages, finding that unconfined compressive strength of both soils increases with time upon dyeing (acidic) contamination and decreases with tannery (basic). The stabilizing effect of two industrial by-products, i.e., marble dust and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) have been evaluated. Unlike their proven positive effect on uncontaminated soils, these industrial by-products did not show any significant stabilization effect on leachate-contaminated cohesive soils, thereby emphasizing the need to utilize special remediation measures for effluent treated soils.

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Shi, Jiaqi, Tao Long, Liping Zheng, Shang Gao, and Lei Wang. "Neutralization of Industrial Alkali-Contaminated Soil by Different Agents: Effects and Environmental Impact." Sustainability 14, no. 10 (May 11, 2022): 5850. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14105850.

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Industrial soil is susceptible to acid or alkali pollution, but studies focused on the remediation of such soil are still limited. This manuscript investigated the neutralization effect of five agents (hydrochloric acid, citric acid, ferrous sulfate, calcium superphosphate and raw gypsum) to alkali polluted soil. The results showed that regarding the initial pH after the neutralizing agent addition, it was better to set it lower than the target, as the pH would rebound. None of the five agents caused an obvious increase in the heavy metal contents of the leachates, but they all caused an increase in electrical conductivity, which indicated an increase in soil salinity. The leachates showed a luminous gain to Vibrio fischeri. However, remediation with hydrochloric acid would cause significant inhibition of germination and root elongation of pakchoi. In addition, the addition of neutralizing agents reshaped the soil microbial community structure in different patterns. Soils treated with hydrochloric acid and ferrous sulfate seemed to improve the microbial richness. The neutralization might be favorable for the biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which usually coexist in industrial contaminated soil. In general, the neutralization of alkaline industrial soils using ferrous sulfate, superphosphate and gypsum brought minimal environmental risk, among which ferrous sulfate was the first recommendation in industrial soil after a comprehensive comparison.

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Chiochetta, Claudete G., Luís C. Goetten, Sônia M. Almeida, Gaetana Quaranta, Sylvie Cotelle, and Claudemir M. Radetski. "Leachates from solid wastes: chemical and eco(geno)toxicological differences between leachates obtained from fresh and stabilized industrial organic sludge." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 21, no. 2 (July 20, 2013): 1090–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-013-1979-0.

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Singh, Ashok, Saurabh Chandra, Shrawan Kumar Gupta, L. K. S. Chauhan, and Srikanta Kumar Rath. "Mutagenicity of leachates from industrial solid wastes using Salmonella reverse mutation assay." Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 66, no. 2 (February 2007): 210–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2006.02.009.

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Ivanković, Tomislav, Jasna Hrenović, Grigorios Itskos, Nikolaos Koukouzas, Davor Kovačević, and Jelena Milenković. "Alkaline disinfection of urban wastewater and landfill leachate by wood fly ash." Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology 65, no. 4 (December 1, 2014): 365–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/10004-1254-65-2014-2546.

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Abstract Wood fly ash is an industrial by-product of the combustion of different wood materials and is mostly disposed of as waste on landfills. In our preliminary experiments, wood ash exhibited antibacterial activity against urban wastewater bacteria and we focused on wood fly ash as a potential substrate for wastewater disinfection. The addition of ash at a concentration of 10 g L-1 (1 %) caused an instant increase of pH in urban wastewater and landfill leachate. High pH (10.1-12.7) inactivated bacterial populations in the wastewater and the removal of faecal coliforms and intestinal enterococci after 6 h of contact was 100 % (below the detection limit; <1 CFU per mL) with the most efficient ash sample (ash from combustion of beech) both in urban wastewater and landfill leachate. Properly chosen wood fly ash, i.e. one that tends to increase the pH to the greatest extent, proved to be a very effective disinfection substrate. Considering that water treated with wood ash has a high pH and needs to be neutralised before discharge, ash would be suitable for disinfection of leachates when smaller volumes are treated

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Szymański, Kazimierz, Bartosz Walendzik, Elżbieta J. Bielińska, Beata Janowska, and Roksana Królak. "Statistical appraisal of selected qualitative parameters of leachates from an industrial waste heap." DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT 186 (2020): 216–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5004/dwt.2020.25376.

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Chandra, Saurabh, Lalit K. S. Chauhan, Alok Dhawan, Ramesh C. Murthy, and Shrawan K. Gupta. "In vivo genotoxic effects of industrial waste leachates in mice following oral exposure." Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis 47, no. 5 (June 2006): 325–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/em.20210.

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Siddique, Hifzur R., Anurag Sharma, Subash C. Gupta, Ramesh C. Murthy, Alok Dhawan, Daya K. Saxena, and Debapratim K. Chowdhuri. "DNA damage induced by industrial solid waste leachates inDrosophila melanogaster: A mechanistic approach." Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis 49, no. 3 (2008): 206–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/em.20373.

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Di Iaconi, Claudio, Simona Rossetti, Antonio Lopez, and Achim Ried. "Effective treatment of stabilized municipal landfill leachates." Chemical Engineering Journal 168, no. 3 (April 2011): 1085–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2011.01.089.

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Więckol-Ryk, Angelika, Maciej Thomas, and Barbara Białecka. "Solid Peroxy Compounds as Additives to Organic Waste for Reclamation of Post-Industrial Contaminated Soils." Materials 14, no. 22 (November 18, 2021): 6979. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14226979.

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Solid peroxy compounds have been increasingly applied for the removal of organic pollution from contaminated groundwater and soil due to their ability to release oxygen and hydrogen peroxide. The influence of two solid peroxy compounds (sodium percarbonate, 2Na2CO3·3H2O2 and calcium peroxide, CaO2) with poultry manure (PM) added to contaminated soil on the growth of the tested plants (Sinapis alba, Lepidium sativum L. and Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) and the quality of soil water leachates was investigated. A series of experiments involving the addition of CaO2 and 2Na2CO3·3H2O2 at the dose of 0.075 g/g PM improved the growth of tested plants. The conducted study indicated that the use of peroxy compounds not only removed pathogens from livestock waste, but also improved the quality of plant growth. The calculated factors for the growth of roots (GFR) and growth of shoots (GFS) in soils treated with a mixture of peroxy compounds and PM were higher than in soils treated only with PM. The physicochemical analysis of soil water leachates indicated that solid peroxy compounds may be a promising alternative compared to the currently used hygienizing agent such as calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2). Solid peroxy compounds increased the bioavailability of components necessary for proper seed germination and plant growth (N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S). In most of the studied cases, the obtained plant shoot and root growth rates were higher for soil mixtures containing organic waste deactivated by biocidal compounds, compared to soils that contained only poultry manure.

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Gallorini, M., M. Pesavento, A. Profumo, and C. Riolo. "Analytical related problems in metal and trace elements determination in industrial waste landfill leachates." Science of The Total Environment 133, no. 3 (June 1993): 285–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(93)90250-a.

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Rivas, F. Javier, Fernando J. Beltrán, Fatima Carvalho, and Pedro M. Alvarez. "Oxone-Promoted Wet Air Oxidation of Landfill Leachates." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 44, no. 4 (February 2005): 749–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie0401511.

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Haile, Dargie, and Nigus Gabbiye. "GROUNDWATER QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF CHILANCHIL ABAY WATERSHED: THE CASE OF BAHIR-DAR CITY WASTE DISPOSAL SITE." Journal of Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management 29, no. 2 (May 21, 2021): 123–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/jeelm.2021.14834.

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Improper dump sites have served many years as an ultimate disposal site for all types of waste; municipal solid waste, industrial sewage and hazardous waste in developing countries such as Ethiopia. Physical, chemical and biological processes interact simultaneously to bring about the overall decomposition of the wastes (chemically laden leachate). If not, deal properly, such kind of dumping site can cause pollution to groundwater (because of Leachates) and surface water (through contaminant transportation by flooding and groundwater movements). Therefore, this study investigates the spatial and temporal variation of groundwater quality within the Chilanchil Abay watershed during dry and wet season due to the waste disposal site of the Bahir Dar city. Water samples were collected from 6 sampling points of groundwater from 30th March to 20th August by a monthly period. Over 10 water quality parameters such as pH, TDS, Electrical conductivity, Turbidity, Temperature, DO, BOD, COD, TC, NO3- and PO43–, were analyzed. Moreover, the overall status of the groundwater quality of the study area was evaluated by the Canadian Water Quality Index. Based on the result of this model the status of the groundwater sample points throughout the study area were raged from 42 to 46.2 (marginal status).

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Świerczyńska, Anna, Jolanta Bohdziewicz, and Ewa Puszczało. "Treatment of industrial wastewater in the sequential membrane bioreactor." Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S 23, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): 285–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eces-2016-0020.

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Abstract The aim of presented study which was associated with modification of the various work cycle phases duration in the membrane bioreactor, was to reduce the concentration of phosphate phosphorus during the leachate co-treatment with dairy wastewater. The experimental set-up was comprised of the membrane bioreactor equipped with the immersed membrane module installed inside the reactor chamber, and the equalization tank. During the co-treatment experiment performance the excessive activated sludge was constantly removed from the membrane bioreactor in order to keep its concentration at 3.5 g/dm3. The load of the sludge with the contaminants was equal to 0.06 g COD/g d.m. d. The concentration of oxygen was equal to 3 mg/dm3. The share of the leachates in the co-treated mixture was equal to 10% vol. The membrane bioreactor worked as the sequential biological reactor, in two cycles per day. Duration of each phase was equal as follows: filling - 10 min - with concurrent mixing phase lasting for 4 h, aeration phase - 1 h, sedimentation - 30 min and removal from purified wastewater - 30 min. After 4 weeks under these conditions, the modification of the sequential membrane bioreactor’s work cycle was made. The duration of particular phases was shortened and two phases of denitrification and nitrification were introduced. Work cycle phases were modified as follows: filling - 10 min - with concurrent mixing phase lasting for 3 h, aeration phase - 4 h, mixing phase - 1 h, aeration phase - 3 h, sedimentation - 30 min and removal from purified wastewater - 30 min. Based on research, it was found that the change in membrane bioreactors’ work cycle affects the effectiveness of treated mixture. It was found that the applied modification of phases of the cycle of the MSBR did not affect the concentration of organic compounds and the no significant changes in the concentration of ammonium and nitrate nitrogen in the effluent from the bioreactor were observed, however, the total nitrogen removal efficiency increased by 50%. Alteration of MSBR reactor particular phases duration caused reduction of concentration of P-PO43 from 4.7 to 2.9 mg/dm3.

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Singh, Gagandeep, James Beddow, Christopher Mee, Lidia Maryniak, Eadaoin M. Joyce, and Timothy J. Mason. "Cytotoxicity Study of Textile Fabrics Impregnated With CuO Nanoparticles in Mammalian Cells." International Journal of Toxicology 36, no. 6 (November 2017): 478–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1091581817736712.

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Copper and copper compounds have multifunctional properties (antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal) with promising applications. Copper in its nanoparticle (Cu NPs) forms has been widely used in various industrial and commercial applications. In the current research, the cytotoxic effects of textile fabrics impregnated with copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) were studied in mammalian cell lines. CuO NPs were impregnated onto textile substrates using 2 different techniques: the sonochemical generation and impregnation of NPs from metal complexes ( insitu) and a “throwing the stones” technology using commercially prepared CuO NPs. The cytotoxicity of these 2 textile fabric types was assayed on human dermal fibroblast (HDF) cells and human hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2) and was evaluated by indirect contact using an MTT assay. The impregnated fabrics were not exposed to the cells, rather their leachates were used to test cytotoxicity. The fabrics were soaked into the growth media for up to 7 days, and the leachates from day 1 and day 7 were incubated with the cell lines for 24 hours prior to the testing. The discharge or leaching from antimicrobial nanomaterials into the surroundings and surface waters is posing a serious environmental threat, which needs to be addressed. Hence, with regard to product safety, it is a good approach to study the fabric leachates rather than the intact material. The results showed that CuO NPs are not toxic to HDF cells. However, cytotoxicity was seen in HepG2 cells with cell viability decreasing by 20% to 25% for all the fabrics after 24 hours.

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Feng, Yu, Feng Liu, Mei Li, Yibin Cui, Xiaofeng Jiang, and Xiezhi Yu. "Risk assessment and ecotoxicological effects of leachates extracted from industrial district soils of Nanjing, China." Ecotoxicology 30, no. 7 (January 12, 2021): 1343–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10646-020-02330-0.

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Robuck, Stephen J., and Richard G. Luthy. "Destruction of Iron-Complexed Cyanide by Alkaline Hydrolysis." Water Science and Technology 21, no. 6-7 (June 1, 1989): 547–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1989.0257.

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Iron-complexed cyanide compounds are found in various industrial wastes, and are resistant to destruction by conventional technologies used to treat cyanide-bearing wastes. This study evaluated hydrolytic destruction of iron-complexed cyanide in leachates from land disposal of spent carbonanceous material used to line aluminum reduction cells. The investigation showed that iron-cyanide complexes may be hydrolyzed under alkaline conditions at elevated temperatures and pressures, e.g. in the range of 165-180 °C and 100-150 psig. The hydrolysis reaction is apparently first-order with respect to total cyanide. The reaction yields stoichiometric amounts of ammonia and formate, and Fe3O4(s). The rate of the reaction is especially temperature dependent, and for the case of spent potlining leachate, the hydrolysis rate may be estimated by an Arrhenius kinetic expression for hydrolysis of simple cyanide. The rate of the hydrolysis reaction for iron-complexed cyanide is compared to that for other metal-cyanide complexes. It is shown that waste composition may affect the hydrolysis rate, and that the instability of certain metal-cyanide complexes with respect to alkaline chlorination does not correlate with instability with respect to alkaline hydrolysis. Alkaline hydrolysis is an appropriate technology for destruction of iron- and other metal-cyanide compounds in wastes at high concentrations.

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Scott, J. A., and A. M. Karanjkar. "Immobilized biofilms on granular activated carbon for removal and accumulation of heavy metals from contaminated streams." Water Science and Technology 38, no. 8-9 (October 1, 1998): 197–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1998.0807.

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Biofilms consisting of a matrix of exopolysaccharide and microorganisms developed over granular activated carbon (GAC) enhance metal uptake from solution several times more than that achieved by GAC alone. By specifically employing GAC, there is also the opportunity of developing biofilm/GAC systems that can both entrap metals and also adsorb, and ultimately degrade, polluting organic residues such as pesticides. Targets for this type of process could be dump site leachates, mine tailings and other industrial wastes. The conditions under which the biofilm is developed, including pH and temperature have, therefore, been studied in terms of subsequent influence on metal bisorption.

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Irvine, Robert L., Paul S. Yocum, James P. Early, and Robert Chozick. "Periodic Processes for in Situ and On-Site Bioremediation of Leachates and Soils." Water Science and Technology 27, no. 7-8 (April 1, 1993): 97–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1993.0539.

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Investigators at the University of Notre Dame's Center for Bioengineering and Pollution Control have conducted research and development studies since 1980 in the broad area of hazardous waste management. These efforts have been primarily directed at the use of periodic processes. Many of the findings have been applied to the construction and operation of full scale bioreclamation facilities. Early research and development activities were directed at the suspended growth, Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR). The SBR is an activated sludge-like, periodic process that has been used effectively for the treatment of both domestic and industrial wastewaters (Irvine and Busch, 1979; and Irvine and Ketchum, 1989). Due to the time-oriented nature of the SBR, simple operational modifications have allowed for nutrient removal (Alleman and Irvine, 1980a; Alleman and Irvine, 1980b; Ketchum et. al., 1987; Irvine et. al., 1979; Manning and Irvine, 1985; and Palis and Irvine, 1985) and the control of bulking sludge (Brenner et. al., 1992; Chiesa and Irvine, 1985; Chiesa et. al., 1985; and Dennis and Irvine, 1979). The SBR has been shown to be a cost effective and energy efficient means of removing hazardous organic compounds found in industrial wastes and leachates from landfills (Brenner et. al., 1992; Herzbrun et. al., 1985; Irvine et. al., 1984; Irvine and Wilderer, 1988; Smith and Wilderer, 1987; and; Ying et. al., 1987). The Soil Slurry-Sequencing Batch Reactor (SS-SBR) described by Irvine et. al., (1993) and the Sequencing Batch Biofilm Reactor (SBBR), a fixed film periodic system that can be used in conjunction with granular activated carbon (Chozick and Irvine, 1991), were developed in the late 1980's and early 1990's. Recent efforts have been directed at periodically operated in situ bioremediation systems. This paper provides a brief overview of how such systems can be used to bioremediate contaminated leachates and soils.

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Vasel, J. L., H. Jupsin, and A. P. Annachhatre. "Nitrogen removal during leachate treatment: comparison of simple and sophisticated systems." Water Science and Technology 50, no. 6 (September 1, 2004): 45–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2004.0358.

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Membrane bioreactors (MBR) have become common in treating municipal wastewaters. Applied to leachates treatment MBR were also successful with pilot scale experiments and full-scale facilities as well. We succeeded previously in designing an efficient nitrificationÐdenitrification process with an ethylene glycol byproduct as carbon source for denitrification. Moreover, an unexpectedly high inert COD removal efficiency was also observed in the full-scale MBR facility thereby making it possible to increase the operating time of the final GAC (Granulated Activated Carbon) adsorber. Since MBR are very sophisticated systems. Simpler and “lower” cost systems can also be considered. For example it is possible to nitrify leachates from sanitary landfill using a simple infiltrationÐpercolation technique with a low energy cost. To validate previously published laboratory experiments, a semi industrial-scale pilot installation was installed at the Montzen landfill site (Belgium). The process is based on infiltrationÐpercolation through a granular bed. This well known process was modified to increase the load, notably by changing the support medium, adding an electric fan that is run intermittently and maintaining temperatures greater than 15°C. The new material is a type of granular calcium carbonate with a large specific surface area. These technical improvements enabled the system to nitrify up to 0.4 kg NH4+-N/m3 of reactor bed per day at a hydraulic load of 0.35 m.d-1, with an ammonia removal rate in the range of 80 to 95%. Despite the high ammonia nitrogen inlet concentrations, this system exhibits remarkable nitrification efficiency. Moreover, these performances are achieved in a batch mode system without recirculation or dilution processes. If complete nitrification is needed, it can be obtained in a second in series of bioreactors. The system can be classified as a low cost process. An international patent is pending. Possible performances of those systems were compared with the usual methods for leachates treatment.

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Bakare, Adekunle A., Alok K. Pandey, Mahima Bajpayee, Devyani Bhargav, Debapratim Kar Chowdhuri, Kunwar P. Singh, Ramesh C. Murthy, and Alok Dhawan. "DNA damage induced in human peripheral blood lymphocytes by industrial solid waste and municipal sludge leachates." Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis 48, no. 1 (January 2007): 30–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/em.20272.

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Flohr, Letícia, Armando Borges de Castilhos Júnior, and William Gerson Matias. "Acute and Chronic Toxicity of Soluble Fractions of Industrial Solid Wastes onDaphnia magnaandVibrio fischeri." Scientific World Journal 2012 (2012): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/2012/643904.

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Industrial wastes may produce leachates that can contaminate the aquatic ecosystem. Toxicity testing in acute and chronic levels is essential to assess environmental risks from the soluble fractions of these wastes, since only chemical analysis may not be adequate to classify the hazard of an industrial waste. In this study, ten samples of solid wastes from textile, metal-mechanic, and pulp and paper industries were analyzed by acute and chronic toxicity tests withDaphnia magnaandVibrio fischeri. A metal-mechanic waste (sample MM3) induced the highest toxicity level toDaphnia magna(CE50,48 h=2.21%). A textile waste induced the highest toxicity level toVibrio fischeri(sample TX2,CE50,30 min=12.08%). All samples of pulp and paper wastes, and a textile waste (sample TX2) induced chronic effects on reproduction, length, and longevity ofDaphnia magna. These results could serve as an alert about the environmental risks of an inadequate waste classification method.

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Donatus Anayo, Okpara. "Unsustainable monitoring of environmental pollutants, post UNEP report: The effects of leachates on Niger Delta Eco-zones, Nigeria." E3S Web of Conferences 211 (2020): 03010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202021103010.

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This expository study revealed the continuum impact of unsustainable monitoring of environmental pollutants (oil-spills and leachates) nearly a decade after UNEP impact assessment report on Ogoniland and Niger Delta eco-zones. The background is focused on pollutants that have continued threats to the environment and ecologically sensitive areas in the region. It infers the dimensions and dynamics of management failures and poor attitude towards environmental policy implementations. A structured questionnaire was adopted using an online survey approach. The target audience includes academicians, undergraduates, and postgraduates. The majority are from Niger Delta, the region where this research was carried out. An online questionnaire was sent across to 30 respondents through e-mail and others, due to Covid-19 restrictions. Their feedback was processed, analysed, and presented in graphics. We found pollution contributions to the mangrove forest to be 47%, oil exploration 77%. The effects were more on soil, water, and air quality. The water bodies are constantly losing the variety of its resources caused by the release of untreated leachates, industrial waste, and petrochemicals. A rather deteriorating fate lies ahead of the people as population increases, and environmental policies and monitoring seem ineffective. The study will be beneficial to the government, policymakers, waste agencies, researchers, etc.

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Mmonwuba, N. C., Okoye Onyekachi Francis, Okpala Somtochukwu, Maduegbunna Patrick Chinweike, Kizito Ezenwafor, and G. Ezeolisa Ifunanya. "Effects of Solid Wastes (Leachates) on the Quality of Underground Water." Journal of Engineering Research and Reports 24, no. 3 (February 8, 2023): 20–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jerr/2023/v24i3805.

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This study investigates the impact of groundwater pollution in Oyigbo Local Government Area, Nigeria, and the consequences of solid wastes, quality, and its control. The study was inspired by the uncontrolled way that both home and industrial wastes are dumped on the ground, in rivers, burried, burned, and dumped in trash heaps. Papers and polyethene, tin and metals, ashes and dust, texture and rags, aluminum and other minerals are among the primary solid wastes produced in Oyigbo. These wastes form leachates and gases when they degrade and are washed by percolating and infiltrating rain water into the groundwater, according to an examination of the physical, chemical, and biological properties of raw water at ten distinct places in Oyigbo close to disposal grounds. However, while a small number of the water characteristics evaluated did not meet W.H.O. criteria, the majority did. Despite this, recommendations are given to address the issues, including promoting raw water analysis, awareness campaigns, increased groundwater investigation in Oyigbo, and adherence to the resource management principle. From the results obtained, it was discovered that the mean concentration values of TDS, pH, BOD and COD are 89.24mg/l, 7.62mg/l, 13.87mg/l and 14.58 for leachate samples. Also the mean concentration values for Mn, Cl, Mg in groundwater samples are 62.34mg/l, 22.74mg/l and 2.60mg/l and for well water samples and 57.35mg/l, 28.30mg/l and 1.25mg/l respectively. The characteristics of the domestic well water samples showed a mean concentration of biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD = 16.26 mg/l), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD = 18.67 mg/l), Dissolved Oxygen (DO = 4.84 mg/l) and temperature (29.66ᵒC). Also, the characteristics of the groundwater samples showed a mean concentration of biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD = 13.67 mg/l), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD = 16.11 mg/l), Dissolved Oxygen (DO = 4.03 mg/l) and temperature (27.16ᵒC). This result shows that there are high level of BOD,COD and DO in Domestic well water than that of groundwater in that location(site).

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Imad, El Fellah, Fath Allah Rabie, Fakih Lanjri Asmaa, Ammari Mohammed, and Ben Allal Laila. "The Effect of Chromium on the Chemical and Physical Properties of Industrial Sludge Based Geopolymer." Revue des composites et des matériaux avancés 32, no. 3 (June 30, 2022): 141–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/rcma.320305.

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This paper investigates the immobilization of chromium in the industrial sludge-based geopolymer. Mechanical, physical and microstructure properties were used to characterize different samples. The results show that lower heavy metals addition has less effect on the compressive strength. However, excessive addition of Cr(VI) (1.5 and 3%) causes a deterioration of geopolymer matrix with a significant drop of the compressive strength. The compressive strength shows that the use of sodium hydroxide as an alkaline activator is not suitable for chromium immobilization. The use of 1.5 and 3% amount of chromium increases the conductivity of leachates, which explains a change in the microstructure of materials. This is in agreement with the results of compressive strength. XRD patterns of all samples show an amorphous structure with less effect of chromium on the crystalline phases. SEM of the reference sample demonstrates a dense structure of binder. However, the porosity of the matrix increases with the addition of 3% Cr(VI).

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Yang, Zhendong, Witold Uhrynowski, Grazyna Jakusz, Jacek Retka, Joanna Karczewska-Golec, Klaudia Debiec-Andrzejewska, Zbigniew Rogulski, and Lukasz Drewniak. "Biochemical treatment of leachates from hydrometallurgical recycling of spent alkaline batteries." Hydrometallurgy 191 (January 2020): 105223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hydromet.2019.105223.

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Kamran Haghighi, Hossein, Mehdi Irannajad, Agustin Fortuny, and Ana Maria Sastre. "Selective separation of Germanium(IV) from simulated industrial leachates containing heavy metals by non-dispersive ionic extraction." Minerals Engineering 137 (June 2019): 344–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2019.04.021.

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Smith, Edward H., and Walter J. Weber. "Comparative assessment of the chemical and adsorptive characteristics of leachates from a municipal and an industrial landfill." Water, Air, and Soil Pollution 53, no. 3-4 (October 1990): 279–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00170743.

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Bień, January, Bartosz Morzyk, Katarzyna Wystalska, Piotr Celary, and Jolanta Sobik-Szołtysek. "The Treatment of Incineration Wastes with a Carbonate Waste Fraction from the Zinc-Lead Industry." Archives of Environmental Protection 40, no. 1 (March 1, 2014): 61–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aep-2014-0001.

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Abstract The article presents the results of plasma vitrification of solid remnants from thermal waste treatment with and without the addition of a carbonate fraction obtained from lead-zinc ore flotation. The substrates used in the research were slags and ashes from medical waste treatment, incineration of municipal waste, sewage sludge as well as hazardous and industrial wastes. The plasma treatment resulted in acquiring products of different quality depending on the processed substrate. Most of the obtained products were of vitreous and homogenic build. Treatment of remnants from incineration of hazardous and industrial wastes resulted in obtaining heterogeneous and rough surfaced products. A 20% share of the carbonate fraction enabled the obtaining of a vitrified product with a glassy surface and fracture. Hardness of the obtained products was rated in Mohs scale and ranged from 6 to 6,5. Leaching tests showed a decrease in heavy metal concentration in the leachates from vitrificates with the addition of carbonate fraction compared to the ones with it.

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Djoudi, Neila, Marie Le Page Mostefa, and Hervé Muhr. "Influence of Temperature on Cobalt Hydroxide Precipitation for Recovery from Battery Leachates." Chemical Engineering & Technology 44, no. 6 (March 22, 2021): 962–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.202000330.

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Onwualu-John, J. N., and M. U. Uzoegbu. "Physicochemical Characteristics and Heavy Metals Level in Groundwater and Leachate around Solid Waste Dumpsite at Mbodo, Rivers State Nigeria." Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management 26, no. 12 (December 31, 2022): 2107–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v26i12.27.

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The dump site at Mbodo study area is characterized by diverse kinds of waste, from municipal waste to industrial waste, agricultural waste, and solid waste. Hence, this study evaluated the physicochemical characteristics and heavy metals level in groundwater and leachate around solid waste dumpsite at Mbodo, Rivers State, Nigeria using standard methods after sample treatment. The physiochemical results of the underground waters were studied and the results range are pH (4.50-4.77); Total dissolved solid (7.0-8.0); Total hardness (2.40-4.04); Turbidity (0.4); Conductivity (14-17); chloride (4.6- 6.0), Nitrate (0.9). The physiochemical parameters are within the world health organization standard except for pH of the waters which indicates low pH (4.48-4.477). The low pH of the underground water could be due to surrounding factors like elemental compositions of the aquifer, the nature of the underground water, reactions of the elemental components in the water, reactions of metals at the subsurface, dissolution of confined CO2 in the underground water. The leachates have average composition of (Cu= 0.015; Mn=5.565; Fe=15.01). The heavy metals in the underground water are within the permissible limit which can be tolerated by human beings as compared with the world health organization standard. The heavy metals concentrations range from (Ca =0.06-0.11; Mg= 0.05-0.2; Mn=0.02-0.03; Fe= 0.033; Ni=0.047) while Cd, Cr and Pb are not significant. The waste dump at Mbodo study area did not have any significant effect on the proxy underground water.

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Vaccari, Mentore, and Francine Duarte Castro. "Non-conventional stabilisation/solidification treatment of industrial wastes with residual powdered paints." Waste Management & Research 37, no. 10 (July 21, 2019): 1012–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x19860178.

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Stabilisation/solidification technologies are widely used for rendering industrial wastes inert. In this study, residual powdered paints were applied to treat different types of industrial wastes by stabilisation/solidification: Fumes from steel-making process, sludge from coagulation/flocculation treatments and powders from brushing and polishing metallic objects. Stabilisation/solidification trials were performed both under static conditions and in motion. It was observed that the residual paints could polymerise well in 60 min at 120 °C. The addition of water during the treatment resulted in highly porous and friable materials and, therefore, is not recommended. The mixture between wastes and paint influenced polymerisation. Specific heating conditions needed to be tested for each waste, varying from 80 °C to 150 °C. Significant reduction on leachability after treatment could be reached in most cases. Reduction on chlorides release up to 92.0% were achieved. Contents of other elements on the leachates, such as copper, molybdenum, nickel, zinc and dissolved organic carbon, could also be reduced in percentages up to 96.9%, 97.6%, 98.8%, 95.7% and 96.9%, respectively. For some types of wastes, however, especially those containing high contents of copper and mineral oils, the treatment was ineffective. Polymerisation in motion apparently improved binding capacity, but tests with increased content of paints are recommended to reduce the release of dissolved organic carbon.

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S, Karthika. "An Influence of Wastewater Discharges from Paper Mills on Farm Practices." ECS Transactions 107, no. 1 (April 24, 2022): 11145–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/10701.11145ecst.

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Industrial development is a challenging issue in recent times, as its adverse impact directly influences the environment. Paper and pulp industries are generally declared as one of the highly polluting industries in the country. However, nowadays they are also identified as the industry mounting with environmental and economic pressures to reduce the volume and toxicity of generated industrial wastewaters. Paper industries generate varieties of contaminants depending upon the manufacturing process. Especially, disposal of polluted water directly affects the soil structures, not only in industrial area but also in agricultural fields. Therefore, the present work accentuates on the examination of paper effluent characteristics, its impact on soil quality, and germination of groundnut seedlings. Seedling growth in polluted soil and fertile soil were monitored for 90 days. For this process, effluent, soil samples were collected from the paper industry located in Coimbatore district, Tamil Nadu, India. Soil samples were tested for their nutrients’ level, concentration of heavy metals as per the standard quality procedures. Distribution of nutrients, heavy metal concentrations were studied in the matured crops. Sample crop registered mixed concentration of nutrient levels/heavy metals against the prescribed WHO/FAO standards, whereas control crop exhibited values within standards sufficing its healthier growth. This implies that the irrigation of the farmland with industrial water alters nutrient availabilities, in turn promoting toxic leachates into the soil. Further, the soil performances due to the percolation of industrial discharges reflected in the complexities of crop growth.

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Kameoka, Hiroshi, Koji Ito, Junko Ono, Arisa Banno, Chisato Matsumura, Yuki Haga, Kazuto Endo, Satoshi Mizutani, and Yoshinori Yabuki. "Investigation of perfluoroalkyl carboxylic and sulfonic acids in leachates from industrial and municipal solid waste landfills, and their treated waters and effluents from their closest leachate treatment plants." Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management 24, no. 1 (October 27, 2021): 287–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10163-021-01319-z.

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Dong, Wenkai, Junjie Ding, Wenbo Wang, Li Zong, Jiang Xu, and Aiqin Wang. "Magnetic nano-hybrids adsorbents formulated from acidic leachates of clay minerals." Journal of Cleaner Production 256 (May 2020): 120383. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.120383.

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Minami, Hideaki, Junichiro Kadono, Shigenori Nishiuchi, Yukio Sugimura, and Yutaka Kawahara. "Comparison for the Leachates from Kenaf Stems Obtained in the Hydrothermal Process." Sen'i Gakkaishi 69, no. 1 (2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.2115/fiber.69.1.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Industrial leachates'

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