To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Industrial policy – Developing countries.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Industrial policy – Developing countries'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Industrial policy – Developing countries.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Matyáš, David. "Economic Rationale for Industrial Policy in Developing Countries." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-135907.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis goes through basic principles of industrial policy in developing countries and analyses examples of recent industrial policies in BRIC countries (Brazil, Russia, India and China) in the last two decades. The analysis shows the coexistence of unsuccessful and fruitful stories of industrial policy implementation. In the text, I focus especially on the last two decades. I recognize that industrial policy can have a positive impact on economy in some cases, but on the other hand, government failures are frequent and they can result in deep distortions of economic systems and waste of resources. Since 90s', pro-active approach positively contributed to the growth primarily in China and India -- although the progress of these two countries differs substantially. These two countries were (and still are) relatively poorer than Russia and Brazil. Typically, industrial policy in BRIC countries broadly overrides problems of corporate governance, corrupt practices and bureaucratic burdens.
2
Škropeková, Andrea. "The Economic Rationale for Industrial Policy in Developing Countries." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-135906.
Full textAbstract:
The role of the government in an industrialization process of developing countries is highly debated. The opinions of scholars diverge. Proponents of extensive government involvement claim that it is a key to sustainable development, while opponents see it as an obstacle to it. The goal of my thesis is to analyze what consequences has had the reduction in the weight of the State in economies of developing countries, especially in Kenya. The thesis is divided into two parts. The first one talks about an evolution of industrial policies in the developing countries. Since the end of colonialism, import substitution had become a dominant pro development strategy in most developing countries, but in 1980s it was substituted by the structural adjustment programmes (SAPs). Those two sets of development strategies are described and assessed in this part. The second part of the thesis is a case study of Kenya. In this part I describe and assess industrialization policies of Kenyan government, analyze a change of its economic freedom since an adoption of SAPs and an influence of an increase in economic freedom on industrialization and social welfare.
3
Mugova, Terrence Tafadzwa. "Interdependence and business cycle transmission between South Africa and the USA, UK, Japan and Germany." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002680.
Full textAbstract:
The process of globalisation has had a large impact on the world economy over the past three decades. Economic globalisation has manifested itself in the increasing integration of goods and services through international trade and the integration of financial markets. As a consequence the existence of co-movements in economic variables of different countries has become more evident. The extent to which globalisation causes a country’s economy to move together with the rest of the world concerns policy-makers. When such co-movement is significant, the influence of policy-makers on their respective domestic economies is significantly reduced. South Africa re-entered the international economy in the early 1990s when the forces of globalisation, especially for developing countries, seemed to gain momentum. Empirical research such as Kabundi and Loots (2005) found strong evidence of international co-movement between the world business cycle and the South African business cycle, particularly following South Africa’s integration into the global economy. This study examines the relationship and interdependence between South Africa and four of its major developed trading partners. More particularly, the study examines the question of whether business cycles are transmitted from Germany, Japan, US and UK to South Africa, and/or from South Africa to Germany, Japan, the US and UK. The study employs structural vector autoregressive (SVARs) models to analyse monthly data from 1980:01–2008:04 on industrial production, producer prices, short-term interest rates and real effective exchange rates. The results show that South Africa benefits from economic growth in both the UK and US. They also indicate significant price transmission from Germany and Japan to South Africa, with transmission in the opposite direction being statistically insignificant. The impulse response graphs show that a positive one standard deviation shock to both German and Japanese producer prices has a negative impact on South African output (industrial production) growth. Furthermore, South African monetary policy is relatively unresponsive to international monetary policy stances. The findings of this study indicate that South African policymakers need to take into consideration economic performance of the country’s major trading partners, with particular emphasis on the UK and US economies.
4
Juma, Calestous. "Evolutionary technological change : the case of fuel ethanol in developing countries." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1986. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/79463/.
Full textAbstract:
This study suggests an evolutionary approach to the analysis of energy technology policy. The approach emphasizes economic fluctuations, technological change and Institutional re-organization through time. The liquid fuel sub-sectors of Zimbabwe and Kenya constitute different technological systems adapted to the production and utilization of different energy forms. They represent different market niches In a techno-economic landscape. Gasoline occupies a central role In the energy budget. The 1973-74 oil crisis created major fluctuations which made it possible to introduce fuel ethanol as an alternative liquid fuel. The process of realising the ethanol niche was largely dependent on the existence of technological options whose technical and financial characteristics allowed them to compete favourably with conventional 1iquid fuels. Niche realization also required the modification of the adoptive terrain to reduce the obstacles to the introduction of the new technological systems. The entire process takes an evolutionary perspective because it involves the generation. selection and retention of technological options under constantly changing conditions. Moreover. the technological systems continue to undergo or require incremental Improvements after they have been installed. Such improvements require the generation of plant-level technical knowledge and often lead to the accumulation of local technological capacity. A glance at the evolutionary path reveals periods of gradual change. punctuated by moments of increased innovations which are often linked to periods of major fluctuations. The process is associated with a complex network of institutional arrangements which are also re-organized either in response to fluctuations or in anticipation of emerging niche opportunities. Institutions play a central role because the process is not random, it is purposive and based on socio-economic expectations. It is precisely this point that led to major differences In the process of niche realization In Zimbabwe and Kenya. although both countries were presented with the same technological options. The study draws a wide range of technology policy and research implications from these differences.
5
van, Beilen Corinne. "Learning processes in creative industries initiatives in developing countries : an examination of policy and practice." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2012. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/55075/1/Corinne_van_Beilen_Thesis.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
What does a dance group in Benin that mixes contemporary and ethnic dancing have in common with Mongolian felt producers that want to enter the design market in Europe? These are both examples of learning processes in Creative Industries initiatives in developing countries. Following the concept of sustainable development, I argue that the challenge for developing countries in contemporary society is to meet the very real need of people for economic development and opportunities for income generation, while at the same time avoiding unintended and unwanted consequences of economic development and globalisation. The concept of the Creative Industries may be a way to promote a development that is sustainable and avoids social exclusion of groups-at-risk. In line with this, I argue that the Creative Industries sector could, in fact, link economic development and the continuation and evolution of local traditions and cultural heritage. A pressing question then is: how can education and learning contribute to creating a context in which talent can flourish?
This study aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the research problem of this thesis: what elements are conducive for individual learning processes in creative development initiatives? In this, I argue that it is crucial to determine what ingredients and characteristics contribute to making these initiatives successful, that is, to meet their specific goals, in a developing context. This is explored through a staged analysis: an overview of quantitative data, an inventory and comparative case studies and, finally, the description and analysis of two in-depth case studies – felt design in Mongolia (Asia) and dance in Benin (Africa), in which I was an observer of the action phase of the local interventions. The analysis culminates in practice-related outcomes related to the operation of creative development initiatives, as well as the contribution to the academic debate on issues like the cultural gap between developed and developing countries, transformative learning and the connection of learning spaces.
6
Tzeng, Cheng-Hua 1973. "Growing entrepreneurial firms in developing countries : the interplay of the state, the market and the social sector." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=102829.
Full textAbstract:
This study builds an integrative framework to delineate the process of growing entrepreneurial firms in developing countries. Deriving from the existing entrepreneurship literature, this thesis uses two notions to delineate the process of growth of indigenous firms: entrepreneurial intent and entrepreneurial capability. Then, drawing on the literature of economic development, it identifies three key sectors, the state, the market and the social sector, that foster entrepreneurial intent and cultivate entrepreneurial capability.The research setting is the information technology (IT) industries in China and Taiwan, each of which has had impressive performance when compared with their counterparts in other developing countries. This study differentiates the growth of entrepreneurial firms into three stages, getting started, getting there, and staying there, and proceeds to analyze the comparative-historical experiences of six IT firms, three in China and three in Taiwan. The firms in China are the Advanced Technology Service Division (ATSD), Lenovo Computer, and Great Wall Computer. The firms in Taiwan are United Microelectronics Corporation (UMC), Acer, and Vanguard International Semiconductor (VIS).
It is found that at the stage of getting started, the government tends to be key among the three sectors, and can broadly influence the firms' entrepreneurial intent by building the national institution context, and more specifically through industrial policies. At the stage of getting there, the domestic social sector becomes more salient, and can transfer technology to entrepreneurial firms either from abroad or from their own research; they can also help defend entrepreneurial firms in intellectual property disputes with multinational firms. At the stage of staying there, due to their advanced technology, multinationals as forces in the market become more prevalent, and can enhance or destroy the capability of entrepreneurial firms. Overall, the state can act as context builder, champion and confronter; the social sector can play the roles of capability builder and capability defender, while the market, via multinational firms, can play the roles of capability destroyer and capability enhancer.
7
Gwaindepi, Abel. "The developmental state, social policy and social compacts: a comparative policy analysis of the South African case." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013278.
Full textAbstract:
The history of economic thought is ‘flooded’ with neo-classical accounts despite the fact that neoclassical economics did not occupy history alone. This has caused the discourses on ‘lost alternatives’ to be relegated as the deterministic ‘straight line’ neo-classical historical discourses are elevated. Globally hegemonic neo-classical discourse aided this phenomenon as it served to subordinate any counterhegemonic local discursive processes towards alternatives. This study is premised on the theme of non-neoclassical ‘lost alternatives’ using the post-apartheid South Africa as a case study. Emerging from the apartheid regime, the impetus towards non-neoclassical redistributive policies was strong in South Africa but this did not gain traction as the ANC’s ‘growth through redistribution’ was replaced by globally hegemonic discourse which favoured ‘redistribution through growth’. This thesis postulates the idea of two waves of ‘internal’ discursive formations; capturing the transition to democracy up to 1996 as the first wave and the period from 2005 to about 2009 as the second wave. The developmental state paradigm (DSP) emerged as the central heterodox paradigm with ideas such as industrial policy, welfare, and social dialogue/compacts being main elements. The DSP was expressly chosen in the early 1990s, the first period of strong internal discursive formation, but faded as neo-classical policies, epitomised through GEAR, dominated the policy space. The DSP discourse gained vitality in the second wave of internal discursive formation (2005-2009) and it was associated with the subsequent Zuma’s administration. The study illustrates that the DSP has failed to be fully developed into a practical framework but remained only at rhetorical level with the phrase ‘developmental state’ inserted into government policy documents and documents of ANC as a ruling party. The thesis further illustrates that the DSP fared well ideologically because of its inclination to the ideology of ‘developmentalism’ tended to trump any socialist inclined policies such as a generous welfare regime. The thesis rebuts the notion of the DSP in South Africa which has only been amorphously developed with the phrase ‘developmental state’ becoming a mere buzzword. The thesis argues that the DSP in the 21st century is much more complex and the growing ‘tertiarisation’ of the economy makes the Social Democratic Paradigm SDP’s capability centric approach much more relevant for South Africa. The study goes further to argue that a (SDP) is much more suitable alternative for addressing South African colonial/apartheid legacies and consolidation of democracy.
8
Colavito, Luke A. Jr. "High Hill Yak Cheese Production in Nepal: An Analysis of Privatization Policy Incorporating the Impacts of Market Failures for Agro-Industries in Developing Countries." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30737.
Full textAbstract:
In recent years the development community has pressured LDCs to privatize agro- industries. This pressure stems from poor public enterprise performance and an ideological shift. However, public enterprises mitigate market failures. The major objective of this study is to measure the impact of privatizing the Nepalese yak cheese industry. To achieve the objective, public and private behavior are determined. The impacts of privatization stem from changes in monopsony behavior and institutional constraints that differ between the public and private sectors.
The Dairy Development Corporation (DDC) of Nepal produces yak cheese. The DDC's mandate is to provide a "fair" price to consumers and producers. Private producers of cheese have emerged in recent years. Milk shed structures include: single DDC factories, single private factories, multiple private factories, and mixed production.
Market performance is evaluated using partial equilibrium models that include the yak cheese and milk markets. Economic surplus measures are used for evaluation. Herder producer surplus is the most important criterion because herders are the poorest beneficiaries. The impact of privatization is determined through comparison of observed DDC and predicted private equilibria. Private equilibrium is predicted using a simultaneous equation system developed for this research. The equations ensure that supply and demand balance at the aggregate and individual milk shed levels. The Lerner index is incorporated to model monopsony behavior. Private monopsony parameters used in the system are estimated econometrically. A private equilibrium is also predicted with a modified firm cost structure reflecting reduced impacts of institutional constraints.
Findings show that private and public firms are exercising monopsony power. DDC privatization can be advocated because it increases herder producer surplus by 15.4%. Total surplus falls slightly because private cheese is lower quality. DDC privatization decreases herder welfare in milk sheds that support only a single firm. The simultaneous equation system developed to predict the private market equilibrium for post agro-industry privatization has the potential to be extended to solve a broader range of economic problems. The equation system can be adapted to applications where there are multiple production regions and monopsony behavior varies by regional characteristics.Ph. D.
9
Osarenkhoe, Aihie. "Improving food product distribution in developing countries : a case-study of Nigeria : an analysis of environmental forces influencing food distribution and recommendations for policy reform /." Stockholm : University of Stockholm-Department of business administration, 1992. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb370230532.
Full text
10
Willaert, Émilie. "Au cœur de l'Europe en construction : la banque européenne d'investissement, la France et l'intégration économique de l'Europe, des années 1950 au début des années 1980." Thesis, Paris 4, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA040258.
Full textAbstract:
La banque européenne d’investissement (BEI) a été créée par le traité instituant la Communauté économique européenne (CEE), le 25 mars 1957, afin de contribuer au développement équilibré et sans heurt du marché commun. Ses interventions répondent à trois missions principales : contribuer à la mise en valeur des régions les moins développées de la Communauté, aider à la modernisation, à la conversion d’entreprises et à la création d’activités nouvelles, et enfin favoriser des projets qui présentent un intérêt commun aux États membres. L’exemple français montre comment son action s’inscrit dans l’ensemble des efforts destinés à l’intégration des économies européennes, pour la période s’étendant des débats relatifs à sa création, dans les années 1950, au début des années 1980 qui marque l’entrée de la Grèce dans le marché commun. L’analyse du cas de la France contribue a éclairer sur de nombreux points les conceptions et la politique européennes de la France durant cette périodeEuropean investment bank (EIB) was created by EEC treaty, march 25th 1957, in order to contribute to the balanced and steady development of the common market in the interest of the Community. Its loans target tree main goals : financing projects for developing less-developed regions; projects for modernising or converting undertakings or for developing fresh activities; projects of common interest to several member States.French example shows how it action take place in all the efforts made for integrate european economy, for ranging from debats regarding it creation, in 1950’s, to the biginning of 1980’s when Greece became a member state of EEC. The analysis of french exemple contribute to show, on several aspects, on french conception and european policy, during this period
11
Gamman, John K. "Environmental policy implementation in developing countries." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/27977.
Full text
12
Ilzetzki, Ethan [Oriel]. "Essays on fiscal policy in developing countries." College Park, Md.: University of Maryland, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/9136.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2009.Thesis research directed by: Dept. of Economics. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
13
Hoshino, Takashi. "Telecommunications development : policy recommendations for developing countries." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/39058.
Full text
14
Willaert, Émilie. "Au cœur de l'Europe en construction : la banque européenne d'investissement, la France et l'intégration économique de l'Europe, des années 1950 au début des années 1980." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 4, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA040258.
Full textAbstract:
La banque européenne d’investissement (BEI) a été créée par le traité instituant la Communauté économique européenne (CEE), le 25 mars 1957, afin de contribuer au développement équilibré et sans heurt du marché commun. Ses interventions répondent à trois missions principales : contribuer à la mise en valeur des régions les moins développées de la Communauté, aider à la modernisation, à la conversion d’entreprises et à la création d’activités nouvelles, et enfin favoriser des projets qui présentent un intérêt commun aux États membres. L’exemple français montre comment son action s’inscrit dans l’ensemble des efforts destinés à l’intégration des économies européennes, pour la période s’étendant des débats relatifs à sa création, dans les années 1950, au début des années 1980 qui marque l’entrée de la Grèce dans le marché commun. L’analyse du cas de la France contribue a éclairer sur de nombreux points les conceptions et la politique européennes de la France durant cette périodeEuropean investment bank (EIB) was created by EEC treaty, march 25th 1957, in order to contribute to the balanced and steady development of the common market in the interest of the Community. Its loans target tree main goals : financing projects for developing less-developed regions; projects for modernising or converting undertakings or for developing fresh activities; projects of common interest to several member States.French example shows how it action take place in all the efforts made for integrate european economy, for ranging from debats regarding it creation, in 1950’s, to the biginning of 1980’s when Greece became a member state of EEC. The analysis of french exemple contribute to show, on several aspects, on french conception and european policy, during this period
15
Sirirangsi, Rangsima. "Population Policy Implementation and Evaluation in Less Industrialized Countries." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1993. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc279258/.
Full textAbstract:
This study emphasizes the impact of family planning program components on contraceptive prevalence in less industrialized countries. Building on Lapham and Mauldin's "Program Effort and Fertility Decline" framework and policy evaluation's theory, the author developed two models to examine the impact of family planning programs on contraceptive prevalence and fertility under the constraints of socioeconomic development and demand for family planning. The study employed path analysis and multiple regression on data from the 1982 program effort study in 94 less developed countries (LDCs) by Lapham and Mauldin and 98 LDCs of the 1989 program effort study by Mauldin and Ross. The results of data analyses for all data sets are consistent for the most part. Major findings are as follows: (1) A combination of program effort and socioeconomic development best explains the variation of contraceptive prevalence. (2) Among socioeconomic variables, female literacy exerts the strongest direct and indirect influences to increase contraceptive prevalence and indirect influence to decrease total fertility rate. (3) Christianity performs a significant role in reducing contraceptive prevalence. (4) Among program effort components, availability and accessibility for fertility-control supplies and services have the most influence on contraceptive prevalence. (5) When controlling for demand for family planning, female literacy and Christianity have expected and significant relationships with contraceptive prevalence. Availability and accessibility to fertility-control supplies and services exerts a positive and statistically significant impact on contraceptive prevalence. Demand for family planning has a positive and statistically significant effect on program variables, availability, and contraceptive prevalence. (6) There is a strong inverse relationship between contraceptive use and fertility. Demand for family planning, program effort, and socioeconomic development influence fertility through contraceptive prevalence. The findings of this study suggest that governments in LDCs should give priorities to increasing female education and availability of contraception to effectively reduce fertility.
16
Wren-Lewis, Liam. "Regulation of utilities in developing countries." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2010. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:a64d775e-29f4-4c75-a6a3-d2c16098f2a1.
Full textAbstract:
The efficient operation and expansion of utilities in developing countries is crucial for growth and poverty reduction. However, recent reforms aimed at improving the performance of these sectors through privatization and the introduction of new regulatory regimes have had limited success. This thesis aims to consider the most pertinent problems for utility regulation in developing countries and how policy may need to be adapted appropriately. The thesis begins by surveying the most recent empirical and theoretical work on the area. I argue that four key institutional limitations commonly found in developing countries must be considered when designing regulatory policy: Limited capacity, limited accountability, limited commitment and limited fiscal efficiency. The remainder of the thesis then focuses on two of these weaknesses – limited commitment and limited accountability – to develop further insights into how regulatory policy may be most suitably adapted. In considering the effect of limited commitment, I pursue a theoretical approach. I first focus on the relationship between the government and the utility operator when the government cannot commit to a time-inconsistent policy of not expropriating investment. After building a model where reputation is used to sustain investment in equilibrium, I consider the model’s implications for policy. The thesis then builds a different model to consider the impact of governments’ inability to commit when trading electricity internationally. I focus on the resulting hold-up problem and the impact this has on investment levels within trading countries. The effect of limited accountability is then investigated empirically through the analysis of data on electricity firms and regulators in Latin America. In particular, I consider how firms’ performance is affected by corruption, ownership and regulatory governance, looking in detail at interactions between these variables and attempting to break down regulatory governance into its various components.
17
Cui, Zheng. "Framework for Developing Countries’ Sound Management on Industrial Chemicals." Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekologi, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-58647.
Full textAbstract:
Industrial chemicals have become an integral part of modern life, and they infiltrate into a lot of activities of human beings, such as industrial manufacturing, agriculture, pharmaceutics, etc. Globalization brings opportunity and challenge to developing countries on the sound management of industrial chemicals (SMC). The issue is the contradiction between unmatched increasing import and consumption and weak legislation on SMC in developing countries. Consequently, more health and environmental impacts have been reported in developing countries because they lack capacities to generate sufficient information on chemical risks as well as appropriate methods for assessment and monitoring. Developed countries and IGOs (Intergovernmental Organizations) have made a lot of efforts on sound management of chemicals since 1960s. However, these efforts remain highly fragmented at international and national levels. As a result, a clear and well articulated strategy and concerted efforts from the international community to help developing countries is required. The aim of this thesis is, based on the studies of existing guidelines made by different IGOs on SMC, to suggest an integrated framework which can be used to collaborate with these scattered efforts together, to create synergies and avoid overlaps. This suggested framework consists of an executive mechanism which includes a panel of international organizations and general guidelines on SMC. Such a framework, looking like a voluntary intentional framework, provides possibilities to improve the capacity of developing countries’ management on industrial chemicals. To effective the framework, it needs shared responsibility of many actors to work together with same objectives to reduce adverse effects on human health and the environment. So this thesis just make a hypothesis based on the study of existing status on SMC, do the feasibility discussion and collect some feedbacks from IGOs as well.
18
Endegnanew, Yehenew Gualu. "Essays on Fiscal Policy in Developing Countries and Microstates." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/120545.
Full textAbstract:
Els efectes i el paper de la Política Fiscal en els països en vies de desenvolupament i els microestats contínua sent una branca relativament poc explorada en la literatura especialitzada. Aquesta tesi és un intent de contribuir en tres àrees importants de la literatura sobre Política Fiscal: els efectes a curt termini de la Política Fiscal i el comportament dins del cicle econòmic de la Política Fiscal en els països en vies de desenvolupament i, finalment, la relació entre la Política Fiscal i la Balança per Compte Corrent en els microestats.
La primera part de la tesi tracta d'avaluar els efectes dels xocs de despesa pública sobre l'economia dels països en vies de desenvolupament. Aquesta tesi utilitza una nova metodologia basada en el Model SVAR (Structural Vector Autoregression) on la identificació es realitzada a través de restriccions en el signe. L'esquema d'identificació assumeix que els xocs de despesa pública són els únics que augmenten la despesa pública, la producció, el dèficit i els ingressos fiscals dins el període d'impacte.
La tècnica mencionada anteriorment es aplicada utilitzant dades de 9 països diferents. Els resultats mostren que un augment de la despesa pública conduirà a un creixement de la producció i del consum a curt termini, una immediata deterioració de les exportacions netes i a una apreciació, que pot ser no significativa, de la taxa de canvi. A més a més, els multiplicadors fiscals indiquen ser més grans que u per a tots els països menys un, durant el període d'impacte. Aquest resultats indica que un estímul fiscal pot tenir efectes d'expansió sobre la producció i el consum. De totes maneres, aquests efectes semblen ser de curt termini.
En la segona part de la tesi es considera el tema de la Política Fiscal pro-cíclica en els països en vies de desenvolupament. En la literatura existeixen dues possibles explicacions per aquest fenomen. Una d'elles senyala que la Política Fiscal pro-cíclica és conseqüència de la falta d'integració fiscal amb la resta del món que pateixen els països en vies de desenvolupament mentre l'altre responsabilitza la capacitat institucional d'aquests països.
En aquesta tesi s'analitza, tenint en compte els diferents estats del cicle econòmic, la importància de l'obertura financera i la qualitat de les institucions per determinar l'habilitat dels països de dur a terme Política Fiscal contra-cíclica. Aquest anàlisi es duu a terme mitjançant un model de regressió multiplicativa de planell amb termes interactius i dades de 109 països. L'anàlisi mostra que durant períodes de bonança la qualitat de les institucions juga un paper determinant en el cicle de la Política Fiscal, mentre que durant períodes de recessió son tant la integració fiscal com la qualitat de les institucions els factors claus en determinar la capacitat dels països d'emprar polítiques contra-cícliques.
La tercera i última part de la tesi, escrita conjuntament amb Charles Amo-Yartey i Therese Turner Jones, examina la relació empírica entre Política Fiscal i la Balança per Compte Corrent en microestats (aquells amb una població inferior a 2 milions d'habitants entre 1970 i 2009). Donat el fet que els microestats estan caracteritzats per condicions especials com ara la reduïda dimensió del mercat domèstic i de recursos de base, gran grau d'obertura i un sector públic normalment gran, els resultats de la Política Fiscal poden ser diferents dels d'altres tipus d'economies.
En aquesta parts, s'utilitza un Model PVAR (Panel Vector Autoregression) per tal d'estimar l'efecte de la Política Fiscal en la Balança per Compte Corrent dels microestats. Resumint, els resultats indiquen que el dèbil efecte dels preus fa l'ajust fiscal força més difícil en els microestats.Fiscal policy in the context of developing countries remains a relatively under explored area in the literature. This thesis is an attempt to address three important areas in the literature on fiscal policy in developing countries, namely, the short-run effects of fiscal policy, the cyclical behavior of fiscal policy, and the link between fiscal policy and the current account. The first part of the thesis assesses the effects of government spending shocks on the economy of developing countries. I use a recent Structural Vector Autoregression (SVAR) technique where identification is achieved via sign restrictions. The identification scheme applies the restrictions that government spending shocks are the only shocks that raise government spending, output, deficit and tax revenue in the impact period. I gather data on 9 countries and employ the above outlined technique. The results show that an increase in government spending would lead to a short-lived expansion of output and consumption, an immediate deterioration of net exports, and an appreciation or no effect on exchange rates. Moreover, the calculated output multipliers give values that are greater than one for all but one country in the impact period. The results suggest a fiscal stimulus could have expansionary effects on output and consumption, however these effects would be short-lived. In the second part of the thesis, I consider the issue of procyclicality of fiscal policy in developing countries. In the literature, there exist two competing plausible explanations. One espouses the view that procyclical fiscal policy is a result of lack of financial integration with the world economy while the other view attributes it to weak institutions within the country. I analyze, by taking into consideration the different states of the economy, the role of financial openness and quality of institutions on the ability of countries to conduct counter-cyclical fiscal policy. I develop a multiplicative panel regression model with interactive terms and use data from 109 countries. The analysis shows during good times the quality of institutions has a dominant role to play in the cyclicality of fiscal policy, and during bad times both financial integration and institutions are important in the ability of countries to run counter-cyclical fiscal policy. The third and last part of the thesis, coauthored with Charles Amo-Yartey and Therese Turner Jones, examines the empirical link between fiscal policy and the current account focusing on microstates. Microstates are defined as countries with a population of less than 2 million between 1970 and 2009. Due to microstates being characterized by special features such as small size of domestic markets, small domestic resource base, high degree of openness and large size of the public sector, among others, findings from other countries may not be applicable to such states. In this part, panel regression and Panel Vector Autoregression (PVAR) are employed to estimate the impact of fiscal policy on the current account in microstates. Overall, the results suggest that the weak relative price effect makes fiscal adjustment much more difficult in microstates.
19
Sawadogo, Pegdéwendé Nestor. "Fiscal policy and financing for development in developing countries." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020CLFAD007.
Full textAbstract:
Cette thèse se pose la question de savoir comment la politique budgétaire pourrait être utilisée à des fins de financement du développement. Elle identifie et explore les canaux par lesquels les pays en développement peuvent efficacement mobiliser les ressources (internes et externes) pour le financement du développement. Pour cela, nous conduisons des recherches axées sur les politiques économiques (en utilisant des outils statistiques et économétriques appropriés) et nous formulons des recommandations de politiques économiques aux pays en développement. La première partie de cette thèse s’intéresse à la question de la mobilisation des ressources externes dans les pays en développement (Chapitre 1 et Chapitre 2). Dans le Chapitre 1, nous analysons les effets des dépenses publiques sur les spreads de taux dans les pays émergents. Nous montrons que les pays en développement pourraient avoir un meilleur accès aux marchés financiers internationaux en augmentant leurs investissements publics et en réduisant leurs dépenses courantes. Plus précisément, les dépenses en capital humain (éducation et santé) et autres infrastructures publiques réduisent considérablement les spreads de taux. Ils devraient également améliorer la qualité de la gouvernance puisque les marchés financiers récompensent les pays bien gouvernés à travers de meilleures conditions d'emprunt. Nous examinons, dans le Chapitre 2, la force des règles de politiques budgétaires en termes d’amélioration de l’accès des marchés financiers internationaux par les pays en développement. Nous trouvons que l’adoption de règles budgétaires réduit les taux d’intérêts sur la détention des obligations d’Etat souverains et par conséquent améliore l’accès aux marchés financiers. Nous expliquons ce résultat par le canal de la crédibilité de la politique budgétaire : les gouvernements crédibles sont récompensés sur les marchés financiers internationaux par de faibles taux d’intérêt et des notations élevées des dettes souveraines. Nos résultats prouvent que l’adoption et la bonne mise en œuvre des règles de politiques budgétaires constitue un moyen substantiel pour les décideurs publics d’améliorer l’accès des pays en développement aux marchés financiers internationaux. La deuxième partie de cette thèse se focalise sur ce que les pays en développement pourraient faire pour améliorer la mobilisation des ressources internes (Chapitre 3 et Chapitre 4). En effet, nous explorons la relation entre l’adoption des règles budgétaires et la réduction des inégalités de revenus (Chapitre 3) et nous trouvons que l’adoption des règles budgétaires réduit les inégalités de revenus. Ces pays pourront financer leur développement de façon soutenable (à travers la réduction des inégalités) en adoptant des règles budgétaires. En outre, nous évaluons les effets de la lutte contre les flux financiers illicites sur la mobilisation de recettes fiscales (Chapitre 4). Nous révélons que les pays qui respectent les Recommandations du Groupe d’Action Financière (GAFI) en matière de lutte contre le blanchiment d’argent et le financement du terrorisme (pays coopératifs) enregistrent des montants de recettes fiscales plus élevés comparativement aux pays qui ne respectent pas ces Recommandations (pays non coopératifs). Par conséquent, les pays en développement pourront mobiliser plus de recettes fiscales en mettant en œuvre des politiques visant à empêcher les flux financiers illicites. Par ailleurs, ils doivent mettre en place de bonnes institutionsThe central question of this thesis is how fiscal policy could be used for development finance purposes. Indeed, we identify and investigate pathways through which developing states can mobilize resources to improve sustainable development. For this purpose, we conduct policy-oriented researches (using suitable statistical and econometrical tools) and provide advices for developing countries. The first part of the dissertation addresses the issue of external resources mobilization in developing countries (Chapter 1 and Chapter 2). In Chapter 1, we investigate the effects of public expenditures on sovereign bond spreads in emerging market countries. We show that developing countries could have a better access to international financial market by supporting public investment and reducing current spending. Specifically, spending on human capital (education and health) and other public infrastructures significantly reduce bond spreads. They should also improve the quality of governance since financial markets award well-governed countries with better borrowing conditions. We examine, in Chapter 2, the strength of fiscal rules in terms of improving financial markets access for developing countries. We find that the adoption of fiscal rules reduces sovereign bond spreads and consequently improve financial market access. Indeed, this result is explained by the credibility of fiscal policy channel: more credible governments are rewarded in the international financial markets with low sovereign bond spreads and high sovereign debt ratings. Our findings confirm that the adoption and sound implementation of fiscal rules is an instrument for policy makers to improve developing countries’ financial market access. The second part of the dissertation focuses on what developing countries could do to improve internal resources mobilization (Chapter 3 and Chapter 4). As a matter of fact, we explore the relationship between fiscal rules and inequality (Chapter 3) and find that fiscal rules adoption contributes to reduce inequality in developing countries. The policy implication is that developing countries could finance their development in a sustainable way (via the reduction of inequalities) by adopting fiscal rules. Moreover, we assess the effects of combating illicit financial flows on domestic tax revenue mobilization in developing countries (Chapter 4). We highlight that countries which cooperate with international standards for anti-money laundering and combating the financing of terrorism (AML/CFT) are more able to mobilize tax revenue than countries which do not cooperate. Consequently, developing countries could mobilize more domestic tax revenue by implementing policies to curtail illicit financial flows. They should establish sound institutions
20
Gnangnon, Sèna Kimm. "Essays on Fiscal Policy in OECD and developing countries." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CLF10430/document.
Full textAbstract:
La problématique du financement du développement dans les pays en développement se trouve au coeur de cette thèse. Cette dernière s'articule autour de quatre chapitres sur les questions liées au financement du développement. Le chapitre 1 explore les effets des épisodes budgétaires dans les principaux pays donateurs principaux de l'OCDE (Organisation pour la Coopération et le Développement Economique) sur leur offre d'aide au développement aux pays en développement. On observe que les épisodes budgétaires affectent significativement l'offre d'aide, avec une différence comportementale en termes d'offre d'aide du groupe de pays de l'Union européenne versus le groupe de pays de l'OCDE n'appartenant pas à L'Union européenne. Le chapitre 2 s'intéresse aux conséquences des transferts des migrants et de l'imprévisibilité de l'aide au développement sur la probabilité de consolidation budgétaire dans les pays en développement. Les résultats montrent que les transferts des migrants affectent positivement et significativement cette probabilité alors que l'effet est statistiquement nul pour l'imprévisibilité de l'aide. Ces résultats suggèrent en l'occurrence qu'une meilleure gestion des recettes issues de ces transferts durant les périodes de boom économique pourrait aider à éviter de telles situations et offrir une marge de manoeuvre plus importante à ces gouvernements pour la mise en oeuvre de politiques contra-cycliques pendant les périodes de basse conjoncture. Le chapitre 3 analyse l'existence ou non d'effet de la vulnérabilité structurelle des pays en développement sur leur dette publique totale. Les résultats suggèrent qu'un tel effet existe : en l'occurrence, on montre l'existence d'une relation en forme de 'U' entre la vulnérabilité structurelle de ces pays et leur dette publique totale. En focalisant dans le chapitre 4 sur les pays de la zone Franc CFA, nous examinons si leur vulnérabilité structurelle conduit les gouvernements à un endettement excessif. Les résultats suggèrent que plus ces pays sont vulnérables, plus ils sont enclins à un endettement excessif et qu'au-delà d'un seuil de vulnérabilité, leur probabilité d'endettement excessif diminue. Ces résultats obtenus aussi bien pour l'ensemble des pays en développement que pour les pays de la zone Franc CFA suggère que les Institutions Internationales telles que la Banque Mondiale et le Fonds Monétaire International (FMI) devront prendre en compte cette vulnérabilité dans l'évaluation des politiques de développement ainsi que leurs recommandations – en particulier sur les questions liées à l'endettement – pour ces paysThe issue of financing development in developing countries is at the heart of this thesis. The latter revolves around four chapters on financing development related matters. The chapter 1 explores how fiscal episodes in the main traditional OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development) donors affect their supply of development aid towards developing countries. Evidence is shown that fiscal episodes affect significantly aid supply, with a behavioural difference between European Union and Non-European countries in terms of aid supply. The chapter 2 deals with the consequences of development aid unpredictability and migrants' remittances on fiscal consolidation in developing countries. We find evidence that while migrants' remittances exert a positive and significant effect on the likelihood of fiscal consolidation in developing countries, development aid unpredictability does not. These results particularly suggest that a better management of the revenues derived from these private transfers during their booms could help avoid such situations and allow greater room of maneuver for governments’ recipients to implement countercyclical measures during bad times. The chapter 3 investigates whether the structural vulnerability of developing countries matters for their public indebtedness and evidence is obtained that it does. More specifically, we observe the existence of U-curve relationship between this structural vulnerability and the total public debt of these countries. Focusing on the specific case of CFA Franc Zone countries in chapter 4, we examine the relationship between the structural vulnerability and the probability of entering into excessive public debt. We also obtain evidence of a nonlinear effect of the structural vulnerability indicator with respect to the probability of entering into excessive debt: a rise in the structural vulnerability of these countries increases their probability to engage into excessive debt; however this probability declines after a certain threshold of their structural vulnerability. These results (both for developing countries and particularly for CFA Franc Zone countries) suggest that international development institutions such as the World Bank and International Monetary Fund (IMF) should take into account such vulnerability in their assessment of the adequate development policies and recommendations - especially those related to debt issues -, to these countries
21
Ononugbo, Michael Chinedu. "Monetary policy in developing countries : the case of Nigeria." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2012. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/3663/.
Full textAbstract:
In recent times, monetary policy has increasingly adopted the interest rate as an instrument and inflation as the ultimate objective. This is congruous with the propositions of the New consensus macroeconomics (NCM) and synonymous with the somewhat widespread practice of inflation targeting. However, the optimality of a monetary policy approach depends critically on its effectiveness and costs; which would differ between developing and developed countries. This thesis investigates the effectiveness and costs of an NCM-type monetary policy in Nigeria. Essentially, it is a systematic study of the implications of monetary policy in Nigeria, while paying attention to the peculiarities of the Nigerian economy and using a rigorous up-to-date framework. Effectiveness is investigated by considering some underlying assumptions of the NCM. First, the assumption of a complete pass-through from the policy interest rate to the market rates (which is critical for the success of monetary policy) is investigated. Here an array of market, retail deposit and lending rates are examined while an attempt is also made to capture the role of financial market (under)development. Second, the effect of monetary policy on aggregate demand is investigated, since it constitutes the intermediate target of policy. Given the high incidence of poverty in Nigeria and our associated assumption that consumption would, in this case, be inelastic to policy changes, the aggregate demand effect is limited to investigating the responsiveness of investment to monetary policy induced changes in the interest rate. Finally, the cost and benefit analysis of monetary policy in Nigeria is investigated by estimating a NCM-type Phillips curve. To understand the dynamics and source of inflation the standard NCM-type Phillips curve is augmented with supply factors. The relative importance of demand vis-à-vis supply factors as well as the cost and benefits of disinflation are thereafter determined. These are analysed using both theoretical and empirical approaches. Results indicated that an NCM-type monetary policy is generally ineffective in anchoring interest rates or aggregate demand and may be conducted at a considerably high cost in terms of output loss and financial instability. These findings and their policy implications are not entirely surprising given the institutional features of the Nigerian economy. They generally suggest that the use of interest rate policies tended to create more problems than it can solve. Hence, to avert the associated problems, there is a need for other instruments which the central bank can control effectively. Moreover, monetary policy focus should be on long-run output expansion and short-run price-stability, rather than the converse. This would have the benefit of moderating poverty and unemployment.
22
Altowaim, Sultan. "Promoting and financing industrial diversification in resource-dependent developing countries." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2018. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/38942/.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis studies the promotion and financing of industrial diversification in natural resource-dependent countries. It tries to contribute to the existing literature by addressing three research questions in three main chapters. Chapter 2 attempts to answer the following question: Does financial development induce the diversification and complexity of exports in natural resource-dependent countries? Financial development and deregulation are standard recommendations in order to achieve greater industrial and economic development in these countries. However, using standard panel data econometrics, this chapter shows that financial development has no positive impact on export diversification or complexity. It argues that a general financial development policy recommendation is not expected to be a key for industrial and export diversification in these countries. This result provides an essential motivation for the following chapters. Chapter 3 looks at the financing of industrial diversification in two specific countries, namely Chile and Malaysia, which were both natural resource-dependent, but managed to successfully diversify their respective economies. The two countries have followed different strategies. In Chile, diversification has been towards niche natural resource-based industries, while in Malaysia the strategy has been to defy comparative advantages, resulting in specialization in sophisticated and high value added products. This chapter examines the role of the state and the financial system in financing the industrial diversification. The main finding is that in both countries the state has always played a key role in directing finance to strategic sectors and in contributing to the emergence of new industrial activities. Diversification in Chile and Malaysia has not occurred through free market operations and liberalized financial systems settings. Chapter 4 concentrates on promoting industrial diversification in oil dependent countries using Saudi Arabia as the case study. It starts by reviewing various strategies of economic diversification in the context of resource-dependent countries. In particular, it reviews the literature on resource-based industrialization (e.g. Perez, 2015), the literature on the Growth Identification and Facilitation Framework (i.e. Lin 2011) and the literature on the product space theory (i.e. Hidalgo and Hausmann 2009). This chapter, then, uses these frameworks to suggest possible diversification strategies in Saudi Arabia and to assess the government’s recently promoted diversification plan (Vision 2030). Furthermore, the potential role of the Saudi financial system is fully examined.
23
Amri, Ahmad. "Technology transfer through industrial capacity expansion projects : developing countries case." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/45971.
Full text
24
Bai, Xue. "Evaluation and suggestions on EU development assistance policy." Thesis, University of Macau, 2012. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2595841.
Full text
25
Zhao, Fengping. "Policy transfer in developing countries : the transformation of higher education policy in China." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.439789.
Full text
26
Kellett, Ken. "Bilateral aid in Canada's foreign policy : the human rights rhetoric-practice gap." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Dept. of Political Science, c2013, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/3298.
Full textAbstract:
Successive Canadian federal governments have officially indicated their support of human rights in foreign policy, including as they relate to aid-giving. This thesis quantitatively tests this rhetoric with the actual practice of bilateral aid-giving in two time periods – 1998-2000 and 2007-2009. This, however, revealed that Canada has actually tended to give more bilateral aid to countries with poorer human rights records. A deeper quantitative analysis identifies certain multilateral memberships – notably with the Commonwealth, NATO, and OECD – and the geo-political and domestic considerations of Haiti as significant and confirms a recipient state’s human rights performance is not a consideration. These multilateral relationships reflect state self-interests, historical connections, security, and a normative commitment to poverty reduction. It is these factors that those promoting a human rights agenda need to contemplate if recipient state performance is to become relevant in bilateral aid decisions. Thus, it is necessary to turn to international relations theory, in particular liberal institutionalism, to explain Canada’s bilateral aid-giving in these periods.vi, 141 leaves ; 29 cm
27
Vega, Isaac Manuel Ferrera, and Isaac Manuel Ferrera Vega. "Making Water Policy in Developing Countries: Water Resources in Tegucigalpa." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/626795.
Full textAbstract:
The management of water resources around the world, and especially in countries with
limited financial resources involves challenges that defy the sustainability and equitative
use of the water. Governments have tended to respond through legislation to restrict uses
and to redirect water management decisions to the Government itself. However, these
fixed responses have proved not being effective due to the limited presence of central
governments in the different watersheds. Consequences of this type of setting are a poor
understanding of the hydrological issues, poor sustainability of the resources and
unequitative distribution of water. On the other hand management of water resources,
under a systematical view and under the administration of local users has been proved
effective. The implementation of such managements allows a better adaptation of rules to
local settings, the participation of the people and a permanent learning from the system.
They seem a more advantageous water management approach for those countries where
financial crisis do not allow a good monitoring and administration of their resources.
Discussions about the topic are provided in the present thesis.
28
Shah, Imran Hussain. "Three essays on monetary policy and inflation in developing countries." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/10202.
Full textAbstract:
The principal objective of this thesis is to evaluate appropriate measures of inflation which are to be applicable for implementing monetary policy in developing countries. The first essay attempts to assess real effects of high inflation episodes for Indonesia, Malaysia and Pakistan. In order to investigate the real effects of high inflation episodes, the study adopts an indicator for the inflationary real effect, named inflationary real response (IRR), which is the difference between the expected and output-neutral inflation. Both the expected and output-neutral inflation are computed as the decomposition of shocks induced in the vector autoregressive (VAR) model. The main finding of this chapter is that there is a positive real effect in economic growth in the period after high inflation. The second essay investigates the responses of real output and inflation to oil price, aggregate supply and demand shocks in the four Asian developing countries; Indonesia, Malaysia, Pakistan, and Thailand. The structural VAR model is used to identify the different shocks and to explore the relative contributions of these shocks in explaining macroeconomic fluctuations. It is found that oil price shocks have negligible effects on economic activities for all the examined countries. However, aggregate supply and demand shocks are key sources of variation in output and inflation. The final essay examines whether the central bank should target a broader measure of the price index that incorporates stock prices alongside the prices of current goods and services. The primary contribution of this chapter is the estimation of a price index that can be efficiently utilised by central banks aiming to minimise output volatility. The results suggest that the central bank should use a price index that gives a sizeable weight to the fundamental component of stock prices to minimise output gap variance.
29
Itani, Nadine M. "Policy development framework for aviation strategic planning in developing countries." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2015. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/9217.
Full textAbstract:
There exists no predefined framework for aviation policy making and
development. While aviation policy planning in most developed countries comes
as a result of institutional and industry coordination and is embedded within
other national policies addressing the welfare and growth of the country, it is
found that in many cases in less developed countries (LDCs), aviation policy
planning is often influenced by political pressures and the interests of fund
donors. The complexity of this situation in the developing countries results in
aviation plans that represent stand alone studies and attempt to find solutions to
specific problems rather than comprehensive aviation plans which fit well the
country‘s competitiveness profile and are properly coordinated with other
national policies for achieving medium and long-term objectives. This study
provides a three-stage policy development framework for aviation strategic
planning based on situational analysis and performance benchmarking
practices in order to assemble policy elements and produce a best-fit aviation
strategy.
The framework builds on study results that indicate an association between air
transport sector performance and aviation policy strategies, arguing that it is not
sufficient to simply describe performance but also to be able to assess it and
understand how policymakers can use strategic planning tools to affect the air
transport industry efficiency levels. This can be achieved by recognizing the
level of the country‘s stage of development and working on enhancing the policy
elements that produce better output and induce more contributions by aviation
to the national economic development and connectivity levels.
The proposed aviation policy development framework is systematic and
continuous. It helps policymakers in LDC to manage uncertainty in complex
situations by allowing them to defend, correct and re-examine the policy actions
based on a forward thinking approach which incorporates the contingency
elements of the policy and tracks the developments that can affect the odds of
its success. The framework‘s elements and its flow of process are explained by
providing an illustrative example applied to the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan.
30
Traore, Mohamed. "Fiscal policy, income inequality and inclusive growth in developing countries." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019CLFAD001/document.
Full textAbstract:
La question du développement inclusif dans les pays en développement est au cœur de cette thèse. Cette dernière s'articule autour de quatre chapitres sur les questions de politique fiscale et les questions liées à la croissance inclusive. Le chapitre 1 explore comment la politique fiscale de l’Etat affecte l'inclusivité de la croissance dans les pays en développement. Nous observons que la politique fiscale affecte la croissance inclusive de manière significative si et seulement si les pays ont de fortes qualités institutionnelles. En outre, notre résultat montre qu'il existe un seuil optimal au-delà duquel toute augmentation du taux d'imposition négativement la croissance inclusive. Le chapitre 2 examine les effets des composantes des dépenses publiques sur l'équité et la croissance dans les pays d’Afrique subsaharienne, notamment s'il est possible de concevoir des dépenses publiques en vue de promouvoir une société plus équitable sans sacrifier la croissance économique. Notre étude a permis de montrer que l’investissement en infrastructure a contribué à une croissance plus inclusive en Afrique subsaharienne que d'autres dépenses publiques. Ces résultats suggèrent que des programmes temporaires et bien ciblés devraient être mis en place pour aider ceux qui sont laissés pour compte par le processus de croissance. Le chapitre 3 cherche à savoir si les problèmes d’inégalités de revenus se sont posés ou non dans les périodes d'ajustement budgétaire en Côte d'Ivoire au cours de la période 1980-2014. Nos résultats montrent une amélioration de la performance de croissance après les épisodes de consolidation budgétaire, mais aussi des diminutions de l'écart de revenu dans les périodes suivantes les années d’ajustements budgétaires. Enfin, le chapitre 4 évalue la crédibilité des prévisions budgétaires et leurs effets sur le bien-être social dans les pays de la CEMAC et de l'UEMOA. Nous sommes aboutis aux résultats que l'inefficacité des prévisions budgétaires se produit dans la plupart des cas parce que les erreurs de prévisions sont proportionnelles à la prévision elle-même, mais aussi parce que les erreurs passées sont répétées dans le temps. En outre, une partie des erreurs de prévision des recettes peut s'expliquer par des chocs aléatoires survenus dans l'économie. Par conséquent, ces erreurs dans les prévisions de revenus considérées comme des chocs de politique budgétaire ont un effet négatif sur la croissance inclusiveThe issue of inclusive development in developing countries is at the heart of this thesis. The latter revolves around four chapters on fiscal policy issues and inclusive growth-related matters. Chapter 1 explores how government tax policy affects the inclusiveness of growth in developing countries. Evidence is shown that tax policy affects significantly inclusive growth if and only if the countries have a strong institution quality like low corruption and a good bureaucratic policy. In addition, our result shows that there is an optimal tax beyond which, any increase in the personal income tax rate should have negative impact on inclusive growth. The Chapter 2 examines the effects of government expenditure components on both equity and growth in sub-Saharan countries, especially whether it is possible to design public spending to promote a more equitable society without sacrificing economic growth. We find that investment in infrastructure contributed to more inclusive growth in Sub-sub Saharan African economies than others government spending. These results suggest that temporary and well-targeted programs should be implemented to help those being left out by the growth process. The Chapter 3 investigates whether income inequality matters in the periods of fiscal adjustments in Côte d’Ivoire over the period 1980-2014. The results show an improvement in growth performance after fiscal consolidations episodes, but also income gap decreases in the periods ahead fiscal adjustments. Lastly, Chapter 4 assesses the credibility of fiscal forecasts and their social effects in CEMAC and WAEMU countries. We obtain evidence that the inefficiency of fiscal forecast occurs in most time because the forecast deviation is proportional to the forecast itself, but also because the past errors are repeated in the present. Furthermore, a part of revenue forecast errors can be explained by random shocks to the economy. Therefore, these errors in revenue forecast considered as fiscal policy shocks has a detrimental effect on inclusive growth
31
Manzoni, GianAndrea. "Strategies for Meeting Local Workforce Policy Requirements in Developing Countries." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7938.
Full textAbstract:
Foreign companies operating in developing countries are losing competitive advantage due to local workforce policies and restrictions that governments issue to foster the development of indigenous businesses and people. Maintaining a competitive advantage is essential to foreign business owners long term sustainability. Based on Argyris and Schön's organizational learning theory, the purpose of this qualitative single case study was to explore strategies foreign company managers use to achieve profitable business performance while satisfying local workforce policy requirements. The population comprised of 5 foreign managers who implemented effective strategies to increase the profitability of their company while meeting local content requirements in Kazakhstan. The data collection process included semistructured interviews and review of company documentation and artifacts. Through thematic analysis, the following primary themes emerged: training of local personnel, cultural and communication competence, and personnel retention. The implications for positive social change include the potential for foreign managers who want to develop business in developing countries to become them profitable. Leaders of profitable businesses can create positive social change by increasing employment opportunities for local personnel and enhancing the social welfare of local communities.
32
Lenihan, Helena. "Industrial policy in Ireland : developing appropriate evaluative frameworks." Thesis, University of Ulster, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.365920.
Full text
33
Etzold, Peter Eric. "National policy approaches to reduce food insecurity in developing market economies." Thesis, Kansas State University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/9836.
Full text
34
Anwar, Muhammad Iqbal. "Tourism in developing countries : a case study of Pakistan." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.319271.
Full text
35
Casini, Paolo. "The industrial organization of financial services in developing and developed countries." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210176.
Full textAbstract:
In the first part of the thesis I focus on credit markets in developing countries, and describe the competitive interaction between Microfinance Institutions (MFIs). Microfinance has recently attracted a lot of attention from investors, politicians, scholars and, most of all, people working on development. As a results, a huge number of MFIs are being created all over the world so that, as of today, practitioners reckon that about 100 millions of customers are being served. Remarkably, about 67% of them are women.
The reason of this extraordinary effort is that Microfinance is considered the most promising development tool currently available. This belief is based on two important features of Microfinance: (i) It promises to be financially viable (and in some cases even profitable) since poor people have proven to be reliable clients. As a result, Microfinance is potentially a zero-cost development tool. (ii) It hinges on the entrepreneurial abilities of the poor. It is designed to help the poor to help themselves, in their own home countries, by allowing them to use their skills, ideas and potentials. This should progressively make developing countries independent of rich ones' help.
The growth of Microfinance has been so fast that many issues and related research questions are still not answered. In my thesis I try to address one of them, that I believe particularly important: the increase of competition between MFIs. As economic theory predicts, competition can have dramatic consequences in terms of borrower welfare, profitability of the institutions and, therefore, on the attractiveness of the business for potential investors, donors and entrants. I use the tools of industrial organization and contract theory to understand these effects, measure them, and give some interesting policy advice.
In the first paper, I analyze the effects of entry of a new MFI in a previously monopolistic microcredit market. In order to catch the salient features of financial markets in developing countries, I use a model of asymmetric information and assume that institutions can offer only one type of contract. I consider different behavioral assumptions for the MFIs and study their influence on equilibrium predictions. The model allows showing that competition can lead to equilibria in which MFIs differentiate their contracts in order to screen borrowers. This process can, unfortunately, make the poor borrowers worse off. Interestingly, the screening process we describe creates a previously unexplored source of credit rationing. I also prove that the presence in the market of an altruistic MFI, reduces rationing and, via this channel, affects positively the competitor's profit.
In the second paper, I study the effects of competition in those markets in which, due to the absence of credit bureaus, small entrepreneurs can simultaneously borrow from more than one institution. As in the first paper, I analyze an oligopolistic microcredit market characterized by asymmetric information and institutions that can offer only one type of contract. The main contribution is to show that appropriate contract design can eliminate the ex-ante incentives for multiple borrowing. Moreover, when the market is still largely unserved and particularly risky, a screening strategy leading to con-
tract differentiation and credit rationing is unambiguously the most effective to avoid multiple borrowing. The result of this paper can also be read as important robustness checks of the findings of my first paper.
In the last part of the thesis, I depart from the analysis of developing countries to consider, more generally, the corporate governance of financial infrastructures. The efficient functioning of financial markets relies more and more on the presence of infrastructures providing services like clearing, settlement, messaging and many others. The last years have been characterized by interesting dynamics in the ownership regime of these service providers. Both mutualizations and de-mutualizations took place, together with entry and exit of different players.
Starting from this observation, in the last paper (with Joachim Keller), we analyze the effects of competitive interaction between differently owned financial providers. We mainly focus on the incentives to invest in safety enhancing measures and we describe the different equilibrium market configurations. We use a model in which agents need an input service for the financial market they operate in. They can decide whether to provide it them selves by forming a Cooperative or outsource it from a Third Party Provider. We prove that the co-existence of differently governed infrastructures leads to a significant reduction in the investment in safety. In most cases, monopolistic provision is preferable to competition. Moreover, the decision rule used within the Cooperative plays a central role in determining the optimal market configuration.
All in all, throughout my thesis, I use the tools of industrial organization and contract theory to model the competitive interaction of the different actors operating in financial markets. Understanding the dynamics typical of developing countries can help in gaining a deeper comprehension of the markets in richer countries, and vice-versa. I am convinced that analyzing the differences and the similarities of financial markets in different regions of the world can be of great importance for economic theorists, in that it provides a counterfactual for the assumptions and the results on which our predictions and policy advices are based.
Doctorat en Sciences économiques et de gestion
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
36
Wood, Danielle Renee. "The use of satellite-based technology in developing countries." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/46371.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Aeronautics and Astronautics; and, (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, Technology and Policy Program, 2007.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Includes bibliographical references.
Satellite technology in the areas of remote sensing, communication, and navigation can provide valuable information in a number of areas from business to disaster management to agriculture. There is great potential for such technology to help solve problems in developing countries. Unfortunately, due to lack of funds, expertise, equipment or awareness, developing countries are not using satellite technology to its full potential. This thesis is motivated by a desire to increase and improve the use of satellite-based technology in developing countries. Three Research Questions guide the study. Question 1 is, "How does national development level relate to national space activity?" For this question, national development level is measured by a series of Development Indicators such as Gross Domestic Product. The level of space activity is measured using a Space Participation Metric that is created by the author. Statistical analysis is used to learn if there is any significant difference in the space activity of countries at different development levels. Research Question 2 asks, "What Mission and Management Architectures are developing countries using to apply satellite-based technology to national needs?" The data used to answer this question comes from 90 Space Project Case Studies about satellite-enabled activities in Africa. The information from the Case Studies is organized so that trends can be found in the accomplishments of the projects. Research Question 3 asks, "How does national development level influence the Mission and Management Architectures used by developing countries in satellite-based technology projects?" This question builds on the data from Research Question 2.
(cont.) Statistical analysis is used to determine if African countries at different development levels perform differently in the Space Project Case Studies. In addition to addressing these three Research Questions, this study explores the policy context of African countries through a series of interviews. Thirty interviews were held with representatives from African embassies in the United States. The interview questions explore the institutional structure of the country?s National Innovation System. To summarize the results, the analysis for Question 1 shows that there is a significant difference in the space activity of countries at different development levels. Question 2 shows that most African space projects involve either one African country or a collaboration with a non-African partner. The third Research Question shows that there is a significant difference in the level of technical expertise and programmatic leadership shown by African countries at different development levels. This study closes with policy recommendations for developing country policy makers about next steps for using satellite-based technology. Thesis Supervisor: Annalisa Weigel Assistant Professor, Aeronautics and Astronautics and Engineering Systems Division
by Danielle Renee Wood.
S.M.
37
Chen, Honghong, and 陈泓泓. "The determinants of women's depression and policy recommendations in developing countries." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B48422630.
Full textAbstract:
Among all types of psychiatric disorder, depression is the most prevalent one which affect nearly one third of the contemporary adult population. Depression also ranks top with regard to women’s health and is now contributing heavily to the global disease burden. WHO makes clear that the overall rates of women's depression confirmed across all centers are almost 2 times higher than that of men. This review was performed with aim to examine the risk factors of female depression in developing countries. It also focuses on the strategies and policy recommendations for policy makers. In summary, results included poverty, educational level, unemployment, being unmarried, marital crisis, victims of violence, undesired pregnancies, lack of social support, poor relationships with parents and in-laws, history of depression, were associated with perinatal depression. Besides, financial difficulties, not living with parents, lack social support, expose to violence, bad school behavior and maternal depression were associated with female adolescent depression.published_or_final_version
Public Health
Master
Master of Public Health
38
Trong, Le Huy. "FISCAL AND MONETARY POLICY IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES : THE CASE OF VIETNAM." Kyoto University, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/181772.
Full textAbstract:
要旨pdfファイル:学位記番号「経博第77号」Kyoto University (京都大学)
0048
新制・課程博士
博士(経済学)
甲第7622号
経博第79号
新制||経||138(附属図書館)
UT51-99-G216
京都大学大学院経済学研究科現代経済学専攻
(主査)教授 吉田 和男, 教授 瀬地山 敏, 教授 古川 顕
学位規則第4条第1項該当
39
Musiba, Ephraim. "Developing a suitable competition law and policy for developing countries: a case study of Tanzania." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/12895.
Full textAbstract:
Includes bibliographical references.This dissertation aims to examine one major issue: namely, the most appropriate competition law for developing countries from the perspective of ‘looking from the inside out’.1 Reference is made particularly to Tanzania, with a close evaluation of its Fair Competition Act, 2003 and some case law, so as to assess the efficiency and effectiveness of competition policy and law within its Tanzanian context. This involves taking into consideration the inherent characteristics of the Tanzanian economy since it is necessary that Tanzania have a competition law that reflects and addresses its particular needs. So the basis of this dissertation is to analyse the efficacy of the Fair Competition Act to deal with the specific requirements of Tanzanian society; and if the result is found to be in the negative, then the dissertation goes on to suggest what type of competition law model Tanzania should develop that will best suit the country’s needs.
40
Naqvi, Kimberley Birjis. "An inquiry into changing industrial labour force patterns, developed and developing countries." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0004/NQ40325.pdf.
Full text
41
Kisanga, Aida Uforo. "Industrial production of building materials in developing countries : the case of Tanzania." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.307162.
Full text
42
Salehi-Sangari, Esmail. "Industrial buying behavior in developing countries : a study of Malaysia and Thailand." Doctoral thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Industriell Ekonomi, 1991. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-25724.
Full textAbstract:
Despite its significance limited research has been done in the field of industrial buying behavior in the developing countries. This study deals with firms' buying behavior of capital equipments in two of the industrially developing countries of South-East Asia, namely Malaysia and Thailand. Due to lack of research foundation in this area the general lines of investigation of industrial buying behavior in the industrialized countries were used for this study and an explanatory, descriptive and comparative research design was adapted. Data was collected through mail questionnaire and depth interviews with managers of Malaysian and Thai companies. The study's findings indicate that (a) in general the concepts proposed by the scholars for studying industrial buying behavior in the industrialized countries can provide an adequate framework for understanding the industrial buying behavior in the developing countries (b) the decision making process in the companies of the industrially developing countries are, with minor deviation, similar to that of firms in the industrialized countries (c) no major deviation was observed in decision making process of companies in the two countries under study (d) increase in the degree of industrialization lead to closer similarity in the industrial buying behavior of developing and industrialized countries (e) fluctuation in the value of purchase of capital equipment is a key factor in determining the composition of as well as the influence pattern in the buying center (f) environmental factors (technical, economic, political and social) have an impact on the purchasing decision making process in the industrially developing countries.Godkänd; 1991; 20070424 (ysko)
43
Magneli, Maria de Lurdes Fatima. "Trade liberalization and poverty alleviation in developing countries." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&.
Full text
44
Keeley, Alexander Ryota. "Foreign Direct Investment in Renewable Energy in Developing Countries." Kyoto University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/232433.
Full text
45
Gadzikwa, Francis. "Remittances as an external source of finance for investments in developing countries." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/7664.
Full textAbstract:
A number of studies by academics, scholars and researchers have been conducted on the subject of remittances. The focus of these studies has been on developing countries where remittance corridors have long been established. These studies have focused more on the effects of remittances at micro level, in other words poverty alleviation as result of the decline of FDI; PI and ODA. Established remittance corridors are found in Asia, the Pacific Rim, the Middle East, South America, the Caribbean, West Africa as well as North Africa. Few studies have been conducted into new emerging corridors that are still being established, such as the South Africa-Zimbabwe, Botswana-Zimbabwe and the Namibian-Zimbabwe corridors where a large number of Zimbabweans have migrated to. Economic growth and development are major challenges facing developing countries due to lack of finance. With the decline of FDI, PI, ODA as well as credit since the global financial crisis in 2008, there is a need for research to determine other alternative sustainable sources of finance to enable economic growth and development. Available literature and empirical evidence on the subject matter suggest remittances as a complementary source not a substitute of FDI, PI, ODA and credit. This means that governments in developing countries should not neglect their duty to collect revenue, should promote FDI and PI and not be dependant solely on remittances. Like FDI, PI and ODA, the flow of remittances is also determined by the socio-economic and political factors. Any negative effect on the socio-economic and political factors may also lead to the decline of remittance flows. Whilst other developing countries in established remittance corridors have put policies and systems in place to harness and ensure maximum benefits of remittances, countries such as Zimbabwe have not done much to realise potential and the impact that remittances can make. This is evidenced from the lack of reliable data which according to Chami et al. (2008:21) places severe constraints on the types of questions that can be asked and conclusions that can be drawn from statistical analyses. Secondly, emigration from Zimbabwe can be regarded to be in its infancy stage compared countries like Nigeria and Egypt where migration to developed countries has reached maturity stage. The evidence of this is seen on the volume of remittances currently being received by these two countries. Therefore, this study will complement existing data and literature available particularly on this corridor. Remittances are channelled either through formal or informal channels. The literature available and empirical evidence suggests that the bulk of remittances are channelled through informal channels as opposed to formal channels (Crush et al.,2012:20). Within the South Africa-Zimbabwe corridor, 85 percent of remittances to Zimbabwe are channelled informally (von Burgsdorff, 2012: 17) and are not captured in the official statistics such as the Balance of Payments. The drawback of this is lack of accurate data which precludes more rigorous statistical analysis in this field (von Burgsdorff, 2010:12). This study will endeavour to capture valuable statistics with regards to remittances. Most developing countries that have relied on aid are also burdened with huge unsustainable external debts (Obasanjo, 2000). The external debts continue to have an adverse effect of slowing down economic growth and development as these countries have an obligation to pay back the debts. Settling of external debts has been one of the biggest challenges facing developing countries. With the rise of remittances, Olubiyi (2013:1) sees them as a replacement to credit to a country that is constrained. Instead of borrowing finance for growth and development, remittances can be used instead. Apart from substituting credit with remittances, countries which are not burdened with external debts are able to use remittances as a leverage to obtain foreign loans (Taylor, 1999:69). The loans acquired can used for supplementing revenue derived from the fiscus and other sources of external finance such as FDI, PI and ODA.
46
Fountas, Stilianos. "Static and dynamic noncooperative fiscal policy games among major industrial countries." The Ohio State University, 1991. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1269616741.
Full text
47
Madani, Hamed. "Socioeconomic Development and Military Policy Consequences of Third World Military and Civilian Regimes, 1965-1985." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1992. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc277872/.
Full textAbstract:
This study attempts to address the performance of military and civilian regimes in promoting socioeconomic development and providing military policy resources in the Third World. Using pooled cross-sectional time series analysis, three models of socioeconomic and military policy performance are estimated for 66 countries in the Third World for the period 1965-1985. These models include the progressive, corporate self-interest, and conditional. The results indicate that socioeconomic and military resource policies are not significantly affected by military control. Specifically, neither progressive nor corporate self-interest models are supported by Third World data. In addition, the conditional model is not confirmed by the data. Thus, a simple distinction between military and civilian regimes is not useful in understanding the consequences of military rule.
48
Bakazi, Annet Baingana. "An investigation into the impact of the privatization of public utilities on the affordability of and access to basic services to poor households in developing countries: lessons for Rwanda." University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&.
Full textAbstract:
Three arguments are normally presented as rationale for the privatisation of state owned enterprises. The first relates to the problem of the financing of higher levels of public expenditurethe second is based on the viewpoint that private ownership is more efficient than public ownership
whilst the third claims that the losses of inefficient public enterprise are responsible for excessive budget deficits and other fiscal problems.
Although empirical evidence proves that privatisation enhances economic efficiency, it negatively affects the affordability of and access to essential services, which may have serous consequences for poorer households. This happens through increased prices of essential services, such as electricity and telecommunication, as well as through loss of employment opportunities during and after privatisation.
Many countries, also in Africa, implemented various types of privatisation programmes over the past two decades in order to decrease the relative size of governments and to improve efficient delivery of services. Towards the end the 1990&rsquo
s and after the tragic genocide, Rwanda&rsquo
s Government of National Unity also embarked on an ambitious restructuring programme of its state-owned enterprises.
The main purpose of this study was to assess the likely impact of privatisation on poor households in developing countries. The report presents a general overview of the literature, with a specific focus on Brazil, Argentina and South Africa. It investigates the experiences of these countries and derives lessons that can be learnt. Finally it assesses the possible impact of the privatisation of essential service delivery on poor households in Rwanda.
The main conclusion of the study is that governments should look beyond efficiency benefits of restructuring and focus on the overall opportunity cost of the privatisation of essential service delivery. The specific method of privatisation may determine the final social impact. The case studies also highlight the need for more research into the challenges facing the privatisation of essential service delivery. It is clear that any restructuring should be preceded by a thorough analysis of the likely impact on the poorer sections of the community.
49
Mohd, Yusof Zatun Najahah. "The role of university-industry-government relationship in cluster development : the case of MSC Malaysia." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/20387.
Full textAbstract:
Malaysia is a transition economic country that aims to be a developed country by 2020. In realising this mission (Vision 2020), the cluster concept has been an interest and adopted by the central authorities. There are few years ahead to reach the targeted year and it interest of this study to investigate the relevant development on its own engineered cluster of the Multimedia Super Corridor (MSC) that was put forward on the success of Silicon Valley in the US. This thesis focuses on the development of the MSC cluster in the Malaysia context. It examines and measures the state of the cluster, the role played by its core actors (from Triple Helix perspective) and their relationship in the MSC. The role of collaboration has been used to measure the relationship among actors with the key determinants of cluster formation. A mixed data collection method was used to answer the research question and objectives involved. A conceptual model for analysing the MSC cluster is proposed, bringing together insights from the literature on clusters, role of actors, collaborative relationship and the complex systems of innovation approach. This conceptual model uncover the weaknesses of social dimension (social infrastructure) in Porter’s diamond model and the general approach of Triple Helix model in the cluster development. The cluster lifecycle model is used to add the depth to the analysis on the condition of cluster development.
50
Andemariam, Kifleyesus. "Information technology policy & management in developing countries : the case of Eritrea /." [S.l. : s.n.], 1999. http://www.gbv.de/dms/sub-hamburg/303971908.pdf.
Full text