Journal articles: 'Industrial safety – Tanzania – Dar es Salaam'

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Outwater, Anne H., Jacquelyn C. Campbell, Edward Mgaya, Alison G. Abraham, Linna Kinabo, Method Kazaura, and Joan Kub. "Homicide death in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania 2005." International Journal of Injury Control and Safety Promotion 15, no. 4 (December 2008): 243–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17457300802292439.

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Salum, Jimoku Hinda, Angela E. Kitali, Hannibal Bwire, Thobias Sando, and Priyanka Alluri. "Severity of motorcycle crashes in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania." Traffic Injury Prevention 20, no. 2 (February 17, 2019): 189–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15389588.2018.1544706.

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Jongo, Jaffari S., Dennis N.G.A.K. Tesha, Valentine G.M. Luvara, Justine J. Teyanga, and Evelyine T. Makule. "Fire Safety Preparedness in Building Construction Sites in Dar-Es-Salaam, Tanzania." International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology 66, no. 3 (December 25, 2018): 154–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.14445/22315381/ijett-v66p224.

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Barengo, Noël C., Molland Mkamba, Simon M. Mshana, and Juhani Miettola. "Road traffic accidents in Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania during 1999 and 2001." International Journal of Injury Control and Safety Promotion 13, no. 1 (March 2006): 52–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15660970500036713.

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Msuya, Jangawe. "Serials Mutilation Hazard at the University of Dar es Salaam Library in Tanzania." Library & Archival Security 11, no. 1 (August 26, 1991): 109–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j114v11n01_08.

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Yoon, Mi Yung. "Voters’ Perceptions of Gender Differences in Vote Buying: The Case of Tanzania." Africa Spectrum 55, no. 2 (August 2020): 125–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002039720957010.

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I examine how voters perceive gender differences in vote buying, using survey and interview data collected in the Dar es Salaam region, Tanzania. I find that (1) an overwhelming majority of voters disapprove of vote buying, yet view it as remaining prevalent, and (2) they view men as more active vote buyers, mainly due to the gender gap in vote-buying opportunities. The perceived opportunity gap appears to come from a much larger representation of men in electoral competitions, the perceived gender gap in resources, and the absence of women in certain places and times, due to social and cultural norms constraining women’s behaviours, safety concerns, and/or household responsibilities.

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Iseselo, Masunga K., and Joel Seme Ambikile. "Promoting Recovery in Mental Illness: The Perspectives of Patients, Caregivers, and Community Members in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania." Psychiatry Journal 2020 (June 8, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/3607414.

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Background. Promoting mental health and care in the community setting leads to the recovery of patients with mental illness. Although recovery in mental health is a complex phenomenon, caregivers and community members have important roles to play in the recovery process for patients with mental illness. Little is documented on how recovery is promoted in the community setting. This study explored the experience of patients, caregivers, and community members on how recovery can be realized in a patient with severe mental illness in Dar es Salaam. Methods. We conducted four focus group discussions (FGDs): two with caregivers and the other two with community members. Also, six in-depth interviews were held with patients with mental illness. Participants were purposively selected based on the type of information needed. Both FGD and in-depth interviews were digitally recorded and transcribed. Qualitative content analysis was used to analyze data. Findings. Four themes emerged from this study, which include promoting patients’ participation in household activities, improving patients’ support system, promoting patients’ self-care management, and providing safety and protection among patients with mental illness. However, financial, psychological, and establishing care and support centers and professional supports emerged as subthemes from patients’ support system. Conclusion. Caregivers and community members are significant stakeholders for promoting recovery for people with mental illness. The current study reveals that patients’ involvement in home activities, promoting self-care management, improving patients’ support systems, and providing safety and protection are important factors that promote recovery for people with mental illness. Advocating mental health awareness for caregivers and community members will bridge the gap to enhance the recovery for people with mental illness. Further research is needed in this area to explore the health care providers’ perspectives on the recovery process of mental illness in the hospital setting.

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Coralic, Zlatan, Hendry R. Sawe, Juma A. Mfinanga, Alfredo Cortez, Jennifer Koehl, Hannah Siroker, and Teri A. Reynolds. "Ketamine procedural sedation in the emergency department of an urban tertiary hospital in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania." Emergency Medicine Journal 35, no. 4 (January 22, 2018): 214–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/emermed-2017-206974.

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Study objectiveWe describe ketamine procedural sedations and associated adverse events in low-acuity and high-acuity patients in a resource-limited ED.MethodsThis was a prospective observational study of ketamine procedural sedations at the Emergency Medical Department at the Muhimbili National Hospital in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. We observed consecutive procedural sedations and recorded patient demographics, medications, vital signs, pulse oximetry, capnography and a priori defined adverse events (using standard definitions in emergency medicine sedation guidelines). All treatment decisions were at the discretion of the treating providers who were blinded to study measurements to simulate usual care. Data collection was unblinded if predefined safety parameters were met. For all significant adverse and unblinding events, ketamine causality was determined via review protocol. Additionally, providers and patients were assessed for sedation satisfaction.ResultsWe observed 54 children (median 3 years, range 11 days–15 years) and 45 adults (median 33 years, range 18–79 years). The most common indications for ketamine were burn management in children (55.6%) and orthopaedic procedures in adults (68.9%). Minor adverse events included nausea/vomiting (12%), recovery excitation (11%) and one case of transient hypertension. There were nine (9%) patients who had decreased saturation readings (SpO2 ≤92%). There were three deaths, all in severely injured patients. After review protocol, none of the desaturations or patient deaths were thought to be caused by ketamine. No patient experienced ketamine-related laryngospasm, apnoea or permanent complications. Overall, ketamine was well tolerated and resulted in high patient and provider satisfaction.ConclusionIn this series of ketamine sedations in an urban, resource-limited ED, there were no serious adverse events attributable to ketamine.

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Kihampa, Charles, and Harieth Hellar-Kihampa. "Environmental and public health risks associated with chemical waste from research and educational laboratories in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania." Journal of Chemical Health and Safety 22, no. 6 (November 2015): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jchas.2015.01.015.

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Mahugija, John AM, Zainab S. Kasenya, and Kessy F. Kilulya. "Levels of heavy metals in urine samples of school children from selected industrial and non-industrial areas in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania." African Health Sciences 18, no. 4 (November 29, 2018): 1226. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v18i4.44.

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Mrema, I. J., and M. A. Dida. "A Survey of Road Accident Reporting and Driver’s Behavior Awareness Systems: The Case of Tanzania." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 10, no. 4 (August 16, 2020): 6009–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.3449.

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Road traffic accidents are a leading cause of death in developed and developing countries. It has been shown that road accident reporting systems could reduce their effects by minimizing response time and mapping road accident-prone areas. This paper provides an overview of the systems and applications for road accident reporting and drivers’ behavior awareness. A field survey, conducted in Dar es Salaam region in Tanzania, investigated the current state of road traffic accident reporting. Findings showed that the main means of reporting road accidents were physical reporting and police emergency phone calls. The absence of alternative means for reporting road accidents causes information delay and lack of precise accident location for the emergency first responders. This paper concludes by proposing a mobile application system for road accident reporting and drivers’ over-speed awareness, in order to improve road safety in developing countries.

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Salvatory Kalabamu, Florence, George Msengi, and Namala Mkopi. "Magnitude of Overweight, Obesity and Insufficient Physical Sports Activities Among Secondary School Students in Kinondoni Municipal, Dar es Salaam." East African Health Research Journal 4, no. 2 (November 26, 2020): 164–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.24248/eahrj.v4i2.640.

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Introduction: There is an overwhelming increase of Non-Communicable Disease worldwide such as diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Overweight and obesity are highly associated with development of these diseases. Unhealthy lifestyle such as excessive sugar, alcohol intake and lack of adequate physical activities has been associated with development of obesity. However, these risk factors are not well elucidated among adolescents in Tanzania. We conducted this survey to determine obesity, overweight, self-reported physical activities, and preferred foods among secondary school students in Kinondoni Municipal in Dar es salaam, Tanzania. Methods: A cross sectional descriptive survey was conducted among secondary school students at Kambangwa and Makumbusho secondary schools in Kinondoni municipal in Dar es Salaam city. A simple random sampling technique was used to select participating schools with systemic random selection procedure was used to select participants. A pre structured, self-administered questionnaire was used to collect demographic information from the participants. Anthropometric measurement for Body Mass Index (BMI) was done using standard tools. Interpretation of the findings was done using World Health Organization (WHO) standard charts for age and sex. Data were analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version 20; SPSS Inc., Chicago, US). Results: A total of 234 participants were enrolled in the study. A total of 204 (87.2%) of study participants reported to regularly participate in physical sports activities. Furthermore, Males reported to participate more in physical sports activities compared to females ( X2 (1) =8.13., p = 0.004). During sex-wise comparison, 30 (46.2%) of males reported to participate in sports once per week compared to 71 (51.5%) of females. Reported frequency was influenced by participants’ sex ( X2 (3) =16.4., p= 0.001). A total of 28 (12%) participants reported fruits as their favourite food. Food preference was influenced by the participants’ sex (X 2 (5) =13.1., p < 0.02). 32(47.7%) of males reported fresh fruits juice as their favourite drink compared to 106(63.5%) of females) while 6(9%) of males reported to prefer commercial industrial juice compared to 4 (2.4%) of females Conclusion: Obesity and overweight are prevalent among secondary school adolescents in Kinondoni Municipal, Dar es salaam. In addition, the magnitude of physical activities was below the recommended amount. Therefore, awareness campaigns and advocacy programs aiming at preventive measures against NCDs such as healthy eating behaviour and promotion of physical activities among adolescents should be given high priority.

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Poswayo, Ayikai, Simon Kalolo, Katheryn Rabonovitz, Jeffrey Witte, and Alejandro Guerrero. "School Area Road Safety Assessment and Improvements (SARSAI) programme reduces road traffic injuries among children in Tanzania." Injury Prevention 25, no. 5 (May 19, 2018): 414–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/injuryprev-2018-042786.

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PurposeTo determine the impact of a paediatric road traffic injury (RTI) prevention programme in urban Sub-Saharan Africa.SettingDares Salaam, Republic of Tanzania.MethodsHousehold surveys were conducted in catchment areas around 18 primary schools in Dar es Salaam, Republic of Tanzania; the catchment areas were divided into control and intervention groups. Collected data included basic demographic information on all school-aged household members and whether or not they had been involved in an RTI in the previous 12 months, and, if so, what the characteristics of that RTI were. Based on these findings, a separate road safety engineering site analysis and consultation with the communities and other stakeholders, an injury-prevention programme was developed and implemented, consisting of infrastructure enhancements and a site-specific educational programme. The programme was initially implemented at the intervention schools. After 1 year, data were collected in the same manner. The control group received the same intervention after follow-up data were collected.ResultsData were collected on 12 957 school-aged children in the baseline period and 13 555 school-aged children in the post-intervention period, in both the control and intervention communities. There was a statistically significant reduction in RTIs in the intervention group and a non-significant increase in RTI in the control group. The greatest reduction was in motorcycle–pedestrian RTI, private vehicle–pedestrian RTI and morning RTI.ConclusionThe programme demonstrated a significant reduction in paediatric RTI after its implementation, in very specific ways. This study demonstrates that for a reasonable investment, scientifically driven injury-prevention programmes are feasible in resource-limited settings with high paediatric RTI rates.

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Jenkins, M. W., O. Cumming, B. Scott, and S. Cairncross. "Beyond ‘improved’ towards ‘safe and sustainable’ urban sanitation: assessing the design, management and functionality of sanitation in poor communities of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania." Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 4, no. 1 (December 13, 2013): 131–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2013.180.

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This study assessed sanitation access in rapidly expanding informal settlements in Dar es Salaam (Dar) against eight proposed indicators of hygienic safety, sustainability and functionality, and in relation to the Millennium Development Goal (MDG) ‘improved’ sanitation definition. Information was collected on toilet facility designs, management and functionality through a structured interview and observations at 662 randomly selected residential properties across 35 unplanned, low-income sub-wards of Dar. Trends in access and associations with sharing, occupancy, latrine replacement, income, education and location factors were considered through statistical analyses. Surveyed sub-wards were open-defecation free. While 56% of households used a facility that met the MDG improved technology definition, only 8% had a functional facility that could be considered as hygienically safe and sustainable sanitation. Safe, sustainable, functioning sanitation access was 2.6 times greater among the richest quintile than the two poorest quintiles. Very poor sanitation services among Dar's urban poor arise from widespread lack of access to hygienically safe pit emptying services, unhygienic designs and functionality problems (affecting 67, 55 and 29%, respectively). As new goals and targets beyond 2015 are discussed, these findings may have important implications for defining what constitutes ‘improved’ sanitation for poor populations living in unplanned informal settlements.

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Xiong, Chuanhe, Zheng Guo, Sophia Shuang Chen, Qun Gao, Mary A. Kishe, and Qiushi Shen. "Understanding the pathway of phosphorus metabolism in urban household consumption system: A case study of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania." Journal of Cleaner Production 274 (November 2020): 122874. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.122874.

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KURWIJILA, L. R., A. OMORE, S. STAAL, and N. S. Y. MDOE. "Investigation of the Risk of Exposure to Antimicrobial Residues Present in Marketed Milk in Tanzania." Journal of Food Protection 69, no. 10 (October 1, 2006): 2487–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-69.10.2487.

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Concerns about food safety are increasing in developing countries where urbanization and changing life styles are associated with greater dependence on marketed foods. Ensuring the safety of animal products supplied from smallholder and pastoral systems in these countries presents a great challenge. The risk of consumer exposure to marketed milk containing antimicrobial residues was investigated by testing 986 samples of unpasteurized milk collected in dry and wet seasons from market agents along milk supply chains in and around Mwanza and Dar es Salaam in Tanzania during 1999 and 2000 and estimating the frequency of consuming such milk. With the Charm-AIM screening test kit, antimicrobial residues were detected in 36% of marketed milk samples, suggesting an average risk of about 11 exposures per month for a daily consumer of milk. The higher prevalence levels of the residues were not significantly different by site or season, as had been hypothesized. Recommendations to address this problem are (i) creation of awareness among policy makers, who are currently unaware of the milk safety problem, and development of potential interventions to address the problem, (ii) testing for the residues at milk collection centers, and (iii) further investigation of milk production practices used by the predominantly smallholder producers and market agents. Risks should be characterized and estimated to provide a basis for designing appropriate extension messages and effective management strategies for protecting the health of consumers without unnecessarily jeopardizing the livelihood benefits derived from dairying by producers and market agents.

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Shariff, Ali A., Saidi A. Tamba, and Azizi A. Mdimi. "Pedestrians’ Crossing Problems at the Manzese Footbridge and Proposed Measures." Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology 31, no. 2 (December 31, 2008): 102–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.52339/tjet.v31i2.435.

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In its efforts to restore safety to pedestrians the Government of Tanzania constructed the Manzese Footbridge along the Morogoro road. The project cost was TShs. 46,300 Million at the price in year 1990. The bridge design was carried out in accordance with Road Bridge Design Manual published by Japan Road Association. Unfortunately, only one pedestrian bridge has been built in Dar es Salaam since 1991. Footbridges and underpasses have hundred percent potential of protecting the pedestrian’s safety when the traffic streambeing crossed is heavy. It is not known why this advantage is not fully utilized by pedestrians in Dar es Salaam city. The paper tries to find out the reasons behind this trend. A case study of the footbridge at Manzese and two neighbouring zebra crossings one on either side of thebridge were used. Experimental data of the number of pedestrians crossing at the bridge, Tip Top and Bakhresa zebra crossings at fifteen minute intervals were collected for five working days starting from 1200 to 1515hours. The average deviations of pedestrians crossing at Tip Top and Bakhresa from the bridge were analysed by means of a paired t-statistic to uncover the usage inadequacy of the crossing facilities. Manzese foot bridge quality was also analysed by the Five Point Likert Scale using five quality attribute sentences. A random sample of 165 people was used in the analysis. The t-statistic showed that the bridge crossing is not significant at 5% level but significant at Tip Top and Bakhresa zebra crossings. This reveals that the pedestrians are not using the bridge compared with the other two zebra crossings. The Likert method showed that inadequate security, loss of muscle energy, no plaza,dizziness and no facilities to attract crossing of all types of pedestrians are reasons hindering its use. It is recommended that the above findings can be rectified by providing security lighting, police patrol and modification of bridge structure.

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Sospeter, Nyamagere Gladys, and Nicholas Chileshe. "Risk Handling Responsibilities in Tanzanian Project-Based Organisations." Sustainability 13, no. 14 (July 20, 2021): 8078. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13148078.

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Risk handling is one of the elements and essential parts of risk management when properly incorporated into a project. However, there is inadequate knowledge amongst the contractual parties on risk handling responsibilities in road projects, particularly in Sub-Saharan African developing countries. This study is aimed at bridging that knowledge gap by investigating the perceptions of contractors and consultants on the risk handling responsibilities in road projects in Tanzania. The primary data were collected from 80 registered foreign and local civil contractors and engineering consultants based in Dar es Salaam. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were used for the data analysis. The results show that both contractors and consultants ranked safety project provision and ensuring quality provision in terms of construction as shared risk responsibilities among contractual parties. The findings further show that consultant-related risk responsibilities are: safety provision, the use of historical cost deviation, ensuring quality provision, and review of knowledge on budgeting. On the other hand, contractor-related risk responsibilities include: safety provision and ensuring quality provision. The findings of this study can be used by the practitioners and stakeholders as important lessons useful for controlling risks and making decisions when they intend to participate in such projects during the construction stage.

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Ngaiza, G., M. Mchemebe, E. Ridgway, and R. Freeman. "Awareness and practice on the use of World Health Organisation surgical safety checklist among operating room personnel in Dar-es-salaam, Tanzania and Dartmouth, United States." Annals of Global Health 82, no. 3 (August 20, 2016): 487. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aogh.2016.04.331.

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Galiè, Alessandra, Cathy Rozel Farnworth, Nelly Njiru, and Silvia Alonso. "Intra-Household Handling and Consumption Dynamics of Milk in Peri-Urban Informal Markets in Tanzania and Kenya: A Gender Lens." Sustainability 13, no. 6 (March 20, 2021): 3449. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13063449.

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Milk, provided it is safe, provides important micronutrients that can combat hidden hunger (undernutrition). Many peri-urban poor people in Tanzania and Kenya use informal markets to purchase milk in order to provide nutritional benefits to their families. Household decision-making processes play an influential role in how much milk to buy and how it is treated. This exploratory qualitative study, conducted in peri-urban Nairobi and Dar es Salaam, examined how access to milk, control over milk handling and safety, and intra-household milk distribution are affected by gender dynamics and by changes in milk availability and price. Focus group discussions with 48 women and 45 men and key informant interviews with 8 men and 8 women, all of whom were parents or caretakers to young children, were conducted. The results indicate that gender roles in milk purchase and handling vary. Generally, providing enough milk is a man’s responsibility, whilst a woman is expected to ensure a nutritious diet. Yet women’s limited decision-making power regarding milk purchase can restrict their ability to provide sufficient milk. Interventions to promote safe milk consumption need to consider gender norms, strengthen intra-household collaborative decision-making, include men in nutrition programming, and increase women’s control over food expenditures.

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Mohamed, Bakari Maligwa, Geraldine Arbogast Rasheli, and Leonada Rafael Mwagike. "Marginal Effects of Factors Influencing Procurement Records Management: A Survey of Selected Procuring Entities in Tanzania." International Journal of Social and Administrative Sciences 3, no. 1 (April 23, 2018): 22–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.18488/journal.136.2018.31.22.34.

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This paper estimated marginal effects on dependent variable against independent variables on the management of procurement records in the Tanzania procuring entities (PEs). The study was a survey of selected PEs. Data were collected through structured questionnaires. Sample was arbitrarily set at 200 PEs whereby questionnaires were randomly administered to 200 respondents within 200 PEs found in Dar es Salaam, Dodoma, Morogoro, Pwani, and Tanga. At the end of questionnaires administration the response rates were 83.1% PEs and 75% respondents respectively. Based on the results and findings, marginal effects were identified, established and estimated. The study was concluded that: PEs having no equipment and facilities for keeping records are 2.7% less likely to have proper management of procurement records, PEs with limited equipment and facilities for keeping records are 4.1% less likely to have proper management of procurement records, and PEs with no security and safety measures in managing records are 1.4% less likely to have proper management of procurement records, ceteris paribus. On the contrary, procurement records managed by personnel who are knowledgeable and skilled are 1.3% more likely to be properly managed, procurement records that are managed by competent personnel and who have the on-the-job training on records management are 1.0% more likely to be properly managed, PEs with available storage space for keeping records, improves management of procurement records by 4.8%, PEs with adequate storage space for keeping all kinds of procurement records, improves management of procurement records by 6.5%, and PEs that have sufficient security and safety measures in managing procurement records, improves management of procurement records by 4.3% ceteris paribus.

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Ambikapathi, Ramya, Gerald Shively, Germana Leyna, Dominic Mosha, Ally Mangara, Crystal L. Patil, Morgan Boncyk, et al. "Informal food environment is associated with household vegetable purchase patterns and dietary intake in the DECIDE study: Empirical evidence from food vendor mapping in peri-urban Dar es Salaam, Tanzania." Global Food Security 28 (March 2021): 100474. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gfs.2020.100474.

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Mlipano, Chove Lucy, Mongi Richard, and Chenge Lawrence. "Effect of Depth and Distance of the Borehole from the Septic Tank on the Physico-Chemical Quality of Water." Journal of Food Studies 7, no. 1 (December 27, 2017): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jfs.v7i1.12187.

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A study to examine the effect of depth and distance of the boreholes from the septic tank on physico-chemical parameters of the borehole water consumed in Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania was conducted. Samples were collected from 48 boreholes in Ilala, Kinondoni and Temeke districts and subjected to pH, B.O.D (Biological Oxygen Demand), total hardness, copper and lead analyses in relation to safety and quality levels set by WHO and TBS. Analysis by R-statistics indicated that pH and B.O.D significantly (p<0.05) decreased as the depth of borehole increased, whereas total hardness was significantly (p<0.05) higher in very deep boreholes than the other heights. Total hardness and pH were not significantly (p>0.05) affected by distance between septic tank and borehole and the B.O.D levels were significantly higher in the borehole water situated near the septic tank than those which were far. Based on the physico-chemical characteristics of water, 25% of the samples did not comply with WHO and TBS specification limits while 75% complied, most of which had shallow depths and were situated near the septic tank. It may thus be concluded that both the distance and the depth between septic tank and borehole influenced physico-chemical characteristics of water.

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Mohamed, Bakari Maligwa, Geraldine Arbogast Rasheli, and Leonada Rafael Mwagike. "Institutional and regulatory constraints in managing procurement records." Records Management Journal 28, no. 3 (November 19, 2018): 278–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rmj-02-2018-0005.

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Purpose The purpose of this study was to identify and assess the regulatory and institutional constraints in managing procurement records in Tanzania’s procuring entities. Design/methodology/approach This study used a mixed study design. There were explorative case study and questionnaire survey study methods used sequentially. In total, 15 procuring entities were used for exploratory case study, while 200 respondents were administered with questionnaires. A 75 per cent response rate was realised. Findings Results indicated that management and care of procurement records is constrained by regulatory and institutional constraints. The identified and assessed constraints were inter alia: incapacity of institutional actors, inadequate regulatory and institutional arrangements, inadequacy of storage space, equipment and facilities and insufficiency of security and safety measures. Research limitations/implications This research focussed on the procuring entities found in Dar es Salaam, which accounts for 40.72 per cent of the total procuring entities in Tanzania. Based on this, the generalisation of research ﬁndings can be sought in that particular context. Practical implications Findings imply that procurement records management and care is highly influenced by the constraining factors that hinder efficient records keeping in most procuring entities in Tanzania. Social implications Majority of procurement management units and user departments’ staff were found to possess inadequate knowledge, skills and competences in management and care of procurement records. The procuring entities should ensure that procurement staffs are trained in records and archives management practices. Originality/value This study contributes towards adding knowledge to the existing body of knowledge on the procurement records and archives management systems.

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SCHODER, DAGMAR, ANDREAS MAICHIN, BENEDICT LEMA, and JOHN LAFFA. "Microbiological Quality of Milk in Tanzania: From Maasai Stable to African Consumer Table." Journal of Food Protection 76, no. 11 (November 1, 2013): 1908–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-13-101.

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In Tanzania, pastoralists such as the Maasai and small urban farmers are responsible for the country's milk production, and 95% of the national milk supply is sold without regulation. This study was conducted using hygiene checklists and milk sampling to investigate milk quality and safety at various steps throughout the milk production chain. In regions of Dar es Salaam and Lake Victoria, 196 milk samples were collected: 109 samples of raw milk, 41 samples of packed or open served heat-treated products, and 46 samples of fermented products. Samples were taken from (i) the production level (pastoralists and urban farmers), (ii) the collection level (middlemen and depots), (iii) processors (dairies), and (iv) retailers (kiosks). Samples were analyzed for hygiene criteria (total bacteria, total coliforms, Escherichia coli, and coagulase-positive staphylococci) and foodborne pathogens such as Salmonella, enterohemorrhagic E. coli O157:H7, and Listeria monocytogenes. Adequate heating of milk for drinking was determined via heat labile alkaline phosphatase and lactoperoxidase analysis. Total bacterial counts indicated that only 67% (73 of 109) of raw milk samples and 46% (19 of 41) of heat-treated samples met national Tanzanian standards. Bulk milk samples taken from the traditional milking vessels of Maasai pastoralists had the lowest total bacterial counts: ≥1 × 102 CFU/ml. Foodborne pathogens such as E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella were isolated from 10.1% (11 of 109) of raw milk samples but were not detected in heat-treated or fermented products, and 83% of heat-treated milk samples were lactoperoxidase negative, indicating overpasteurization. Coliforms were detected in 41% (17 of 41) of processed milk samples, thus indicating a high rate of recontamination. A progressive decrease in microbial quality along the milk production chain was attributed to departures from traditional methods, inadequate milk containers, long transport distances, lack of cooling, and lack of a basic understanding of hygiene.

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Pangilinan, Christian. "Local Integration and Congolese Forced Migrants in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania." AFRICAN HUMAN MOBILITY REVIEW 1, no. 1 (2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.14426/ahmr.v1i1.731.

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Thousands of unregistered Congolese forced migrants live in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Some of them have lived in the city for years but their long-term futures remain undecided. Although many originally arrived for asylum-related reasons, the vast majority are not recognised as refugees or have only temporary legal status. In the context of discussions over possible legal solutions or residency for such people, this paper relies on interviews, focus groups and a survey of Congolese forced migrants in Dar es Salaam to ascertain their views on local integration as a possible option; local integration being a traditional permanent solution to the search for refuge. Results indicate that many Congolese forced migrants are locally integrated to a significant extent, although many continue to face significant challenges in terms of discrimination, economic self-sufficiency, safety and education. The paper concludes that, in light of their preferences and their degree of integration, there should be a variety of policy options for Congolese forced migrants. Some Congolese forced migrants indicate that asylum is a desired solution, some prefer naturalisation, or temporary legal residence, and some even consider assistance towards repatriation to be acceptable.

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Mkude, Isabela T., Sara Gabrielsson, and Richard Kimwaga. "Knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) on fecal sludge resource recovery and reuse in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania." Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development, July 15, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2021.249.

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Abstract Resource recovery and reuse (RRR) of fecal sludge (FS) from onsite sanitation systems describes the concept of turning human waste into valuable end products. However, studies on peoples' perceptions of FS-derived products are still limited. Guided by the knowledge, attitudes and practices framework, and data from a survey of 395 households, focus group discussions and key informant interviews, this article explores how residents in three unplanned settlements of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania view FS RRR (FS-RRR). Results indicate that residents' knowledge about FS-RRR is moderately low. Moreover, residents generally have negative attitudes toward using FS-derived products, except for those not directly consumed, such as biogas or FS-briquettes. Additionally, only a few residents have engaged in any FS-RRR practices. We conclude that to increase local acceptance of FS-RRR will require significant efforts by a multitude of actors, not least to dispel myths linked to human waste, but also to raise awareness and demonstrate the benefits and safety of FS-derived products. The Tanzanian government must take the lead in this process and should start by prioritizing the improvement of FSM to enable such a shift.

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Chileshe, Nicholas, Neema Kavishe, and David John Edwards. "Critical factors influencing the bid or no-bid decision of the indigenous small building contractors in Tanzania." Construction Innovation ahead-of-print, ahead-of-print (June 27, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ci-09-2019-0098.

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Purpose This study aims to investigate and ranks the critical factors influencing the bid or no-bid decision and their importance for the indigenous small building contractors within the Tanzanian construction industry. Design/methodology/approach An interpretivist epistemological design was adopted to extensively manually review and search extant literature on bid or no-bid decision-making criteria. A total of 30 most common bid or no-bid decision-making criteria were identified. These were included in a questionnaire survey data collection instrument. The survey was distributed to 40 small indigenous (local) building contractors in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. In total, 33 responses were received. Response data was subjected to both descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings The results show a disparity of ranking of the 30 bid/no-bid criteria factors among the two grades of small contractors, with 11 factors having statistically significant differences (p = < 0.05). Based on the overall sample, the most highly ranked seven factors in ascending order were: availability of capital; financial capacity of the client; project size; profitability; project type; need of work; and current workload. The following were the least ranked: tax liability; the degree of safety; availability of other projects; availability of labor; bidding document price; and uncertainty because of weather conditions. Availability of capital and financial capacity of the client were jointly ranked as the most important by Class VI contractors. In comparison, availability of capital and need of study were rated highly for Class VII contractors. Research limitations/implications The sample consisted of indigenous small building contractors in one industry operating in Tanzania only and did not include the perceptions of the foreign contractors based in Dar es Salaam. Future studies are required to expand the current research and investigate this specific aspect further. Practical implications The identified “bid/no-bid criteria” information will allow indigenous small building contractors to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of their bidding decision-making process. Emergent findings will enable said contractors to: better fit into the competitive construction business environment; increase their awareness of existing decision-making practices; and develop appropriate strategies for evaluation of opportunities encountered. Cumulatively, these findings benefit small indigenous building contractors by increasing their understanding of the factors influencing bid decision. Originality/value The study represents the first empirical study in Tanzania on the critical factors influencing the bid or no-bid decision among the indigenous small building contractors, which face fierce competition from foreign contractors.

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Kaale, Aingaya J., Nicephorus Rutabasibwa, Laurent Lemeri Mchome, Kevin O. Lillehei, Justin M. Honce, Joseph Kahamba, and D. Ryan Ormond. "The use of intraoperative neurosurgical ultrasound for surgical navigation in low- and middle-income countries: the initial experience in Tanzania." Journal of Neurosurgery, February 2020, 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2019.12.jns192851.

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OBJECTIVENeuronavigation has become a crucial tool in the surgical management of CNS pathology in higher-income countries, but has yet to be implemented in most low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) due to cost constraints. In these resource-limited settings, neurosurgeons typically rely on their understanding of neuroanatomy and preoperative imaging to help guide them through a particular operation, making surgery more challenging for the surgeon and a higher risk for the patient. Alternatives to assist the surgeon improve the safety and efficacy of neurosurgery are important for the expansion of subspecialty neurosurgery in LMICs. A low-cost and efficacious alternative may be the use of intraoperative neurosurgical ultrasound. The authors analyze the preliminary results of the introduction of intraoperative ultrasound in an LMIC setting.METHODSAfter a training program in intraoperative ultrasound including courses conducted in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, and Aurora, Colorado, neurosurgeons at the Muhimbili Orthopaedic and Neurosurgical Institute began its independent use. The initial experience is reported from the first 24 prospective cases in which intraoperative ultrasound was used. When possible, ultrasound findings were recorded and compared with postoperative imaging findings in order to establish accuracy of intraoperative interpretation.RESULTSOf 24 cases of intraoperative ultrasound that were reported, 29.2% were spine surgeries and 70.8% were cranial. The majority were tumor cases (95.8%). Lesions were identified through the dura mater in all 24 cases, with 20.8% requiring extension of craniotomy or laminectomy due to inadequate exposure. Postoperative imaging (typically CT) was only performed in 11 cases, but all 11 matched the findings on post–dural closure ultrasound.CONCLUSIONSThe use of intraoperative ultrasound, which is affordable and available locally, is changing neurosurgical care in Tanzania. Ultimately, expanding the use of intraoperative B-mode ultrasound in Tanzania and other LMICs may help improve neurosurgical care in these countries in an affordable manner.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Industrial safety – Tanzania – Dar es Salaam'

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