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Journal articles on the topic 'Industrial Waste'
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1
Gunderman, Richard B. "Industrial “Waste”." Journal of the American College of Radiology 10, no. 6 (June 2013): 397–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jacr.2012.09.026.
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Ural, Nazile, and Gökhan Yakşe. "Utilization of marble piece wastes as base materials." Open Geosciences 12, no. 1 (November 2, 2020): 1247–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/geo-2020-0197.
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AbstractWith the increasing population, the limited natural sources are decreasing and environmental pollution is increasing. In recent years, the increase in industrial wastes and the high cost of disposal methods of these wastes have necessitated the evaluation of industrial wastes in industrials businesses. Truck tires, blast furnace slag, fly ash, waste concrete, and dismantled asphalt coverings can be listed as industrial wastes. If these wastes are used, environmental pollution is reduced, and contributions are made to the country’s economy. In this study, an evaluation of marble waste as base material was performed. In this scope of work, physical tests, a modified Proctor test, a dry/wet California bearing ratio test, and density of soil in place by the sand cone test were conducted. Also, X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, and mercury intrusion porosimetry analyses were performed on these marble waste. As a result, the physical and mechanical properties of marble waste were determined. In conclusion, marble waste has been found suitable as a base material according to the Technical Specifications of Turkish Highways.
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Surilawana Sulaiman, Nor. "HALAL INDUSTRIAL FOOD WASTE MANAGEMENT: LESSON LEARNT FROM JAPAN." Proceeding of Annual Conference on Islamic Economy and Law 2, no. 1 (March 30, 2023): 136–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.21107/aciel.v2i1.138.
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One-third of all food produced for human use is wasted or discarded into the environment via landfilling. Currently, the only cheaper and easier option in Brunei is landfill. Dumping organic waste materials from industrial food waste into the environment contributes to harmful environmental effects. The value of food waste is being increasingly recognised, and Brunei Darussalam is among the highest in the area, with a solid waste output of 1.4 kg per capita per day. However, just 11.3% of food waste is estimated to have been recycled, with the remainder ending up in landfills. Through participation in the JENESYS Programme, the researcher virtually visited a company at Kobe Plant. The session was eye-opening and related to responsible consumption and production where the company implemented zero waste. In this context, this paper will highlight the waste reduction concept to enhance the current state of halal industrial food waste management. Through waste reduction or zero-waste implementation, these wastes can be converted into value-added products. This would strengthen the halal food sector and support the government's aspiration to achieve Brunei Vision 2035 Goal 3 – Dynamic and Sustainable Economy as well as SDG Goal 12 – Responsible Consumption and Production. This study also shows how effective waste reduction for a sustainable, healthy environment and circular economy may be achieved by handling industrial food waste.
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Ravindran, Rajeev, Shady Hassan, Gwilym Williams, and Amit Jaiswal. "A Review on Bioconversion of Agro-Industrial Wastes to Industrially Important Enzymes." Bioengineering 5, no. 4 (October 28, 2018): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering5040093.
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Agro-industrial waste is highly nutritious in nature and facilitates microbial growth. Most agricultural wastes are lignocellulosic in nature; a large fraction of it is composed of carbohydrates. Agricultural residues can thus be used for the production of various value-added products, such as industrially important enzymes. Agro-industrial wastes, such as sugar cane bagasse, corn cob and rice bran, have been widely investigated via different fermentation strategies for the production of enzymes. Solid-state fermentation holds much potential compared with submerged fermentation methods for the utilization of agro-based wastes for enzyme production. This is because the physical–chemical nature of many lignocellulosic substrates naturally lends itself to solid phase culture, and thereby represents a means to reap the acknowledged potential of this fermentation method. Recent studies have shown that pretreatment technologies can greatly enhance enzyme yields by several fold. This article gives an overview of how agricultural waste can be productively harnessed as a raw material for fermentation. Furthermore, a detailed analysis of studies conducted in the production of different commercially important enzymes using lignocellulosic food waste has been provided.
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Rasel, Md, Israt Zerin, Sakib Hossain Bhuiyan, Kazi Md Hasanul Hoque, Mazadul Hasan, and Md Mahabub Alam. "Industrial Waste Management by Sustainable Way." European Journal of Engineering Research and Science 4, no. 4 (April 26, 2019): 111–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejers.2019.4.4.1225.
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Nowadays Industrial waste management is the key concern over the world. Biogas generation and bio-compost from knitting, cutting, spinning waste is one of the right and sustainable way of waste management. Wastage is generated almost all process in spinning, knitting and cutting in the industry. Cotton contains huge amount of dust, foreign-matters, seed and other particles. Micro dust of cotton waste has no salability and pollutes the atmosphere. Mostly, it is disposed of by burning as a result increase the CO2 level in the atmosphere which is the threat for environment as pollutes the surrounding areas. The main objective of this project is sustainable use of cotton waste by producing biogas and utilization of Slurry after Biogas Generation. Biogas generation by anaerobic digestion is sustainable, cost effective and eco-friendly method in Bangladesh. Finally, our concern is to maximum utilization all collected cotton wastes in a sustainable way i.e. anaerobic digestion way. Our experiments on wastes where those wastes produced bio-gas such as spinning cotton micro dust: 1st of all for production of gas to observe; after 30-40 days of feeding 180cc biogas was generated from 100g cotton spinning dust via lab scale biogas plant & gas also confirmed via flammability test. On the other hand smaller size of cotton cutting jhut fabric show comparatively low gas production and found that gas production depend on decomposition rate of cotton waste. Slurry treatment applied in a plant after generation of biogas and output of this application showing that many new leafs were grown and looking more refresh within 12-14 days. So, unusable spinning cotton waste can be resources for our economy and environment instead of hazards or waste. We have recommended that yarn singeing machine can be run by produced biogas.
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Rasel, Md, Israt Zerin, Sakib Hossain Bhuiyan, Kazi Md Hasanul Hoque, Mazadul Hasan, and Md Mahabub Alam. "Industrial Waste Management by Sustainable Way." European Journal of Engineering and Technology Research 4, no. 4 (April 26, 2019): 111–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejeng.2019.4.4.1225.
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Nowadays Industrial waste management is the key concern over the world. Biogas generation and bio-compost from knitting, cutting, spinning waste is one of the right and sustainable way of waste management. Wastage is generated almost all process in spinning, knitting and cutting in the industry. Cotton contains huge amount of dust, foreign-matters, seed and other particles. Micro dust of cotton waste has no salability and pollutes the atmosphere. Mostly, it is disposed of by burning as a result increase the CO2 level in the atmosphere which is the threat for environment as pollutes the surrounding areas. The main objective of this project is sustainable use of cotton waste by producing biogas and utilization of Slurry after Biogas Generation. Biogas generation by anaerobic digestion is sustainable, cost effective and eco-friendly method in Bangladesh. Finally, our concern is to maximum utilization all collected cotton wastes in a sustainable way i.e. anaerobic digestion way. Our experiments on wastes where those wastes produced bio-gas such as spinning cotton micro dust: 1st of all for production of gas to observe; after 30-40 days of feeding 180cc biogas was generated from 100g cotton spinning dust via lab scale biogas plant & gas also confirmed via flammability test. On the other hand smaller size of cotton cutting jhut fabric show comparatively low gas production and found that gas production depend on decomposition rate of cotton waste. Slurry treatment applied in a plant after generation of biogas and output of this application showing that many new leafs were grown and looking more refresh within 12-14 days. So, unusable spinning cotton waste can be resources for our economy and environment instead of hazards or waste. We have recommended that yarn singeing machine can be run by produced biogas.
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Timotius, Elkana, and Galuh Sukmarani. "Industrial Waste Treatment Management: A Review." JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND APPLIED ENGINEERING 4, no. 1 (May 30, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.31328/jsae.v4i1.2400.
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Industrial development is hand-to-hand with economic growth. It has a positive impact on many economic sectors and human living, but also produces hazardous waste which giving a negative impact on the environment and human health. Industrial wastes have a high contribution to climate changes, many human diseases, a mutation on animals and plants. Recently, there are many methods to overcome industrial waste include physical, chemical, and biological treatment. Moreover, waste management also is developed to optimize the treatment using 3R (Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle) and WTE (Waste to Energy). Therefore, this paper tried to discuss many technologies for industrial waste treatment and management includes recent research, benefit, and drawback.
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Allen, David T. "An Overview of Industrial Waste Generation and Management Practices." MRS Bulletin 17, no. 3 (March 1992): 30–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s0883769400040811.
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More than 12 billion tons of industrial waste are generated annually in the United States. This is equivalent to more than 40 tons of waste for every man, woman and child in the country. The sheer magnitude of these numbers is cause for concern and drives us to identify the characteristics of the wastes, the industrial operations that are generating the waste, the manner in which the wastes are being managed and the potential for reducing wastes. This article will provide a brief overview of the information available on waste generation and management. A more comprehensive examination of this topic is provided in a recent issue of the journal Hazardous Waste and Hazardous Materials devoted entirely to inventories of waste generation and management. This article will begin by examining the sources of industrial waste. From an analysis of the sources of industrial waste, we will move to an examination of management methods. Finally, we will note changes in rates of waste generation over the past decade and close by highlighting critical gaps in existing data.
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Friedman, David. "Industrial Process Waste." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 69, no. 2 (March 1, 1986): 286. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/69.2.286.
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Godswill, Awuchi Chinaza, Awuchi Chibueze Gospel, Amagwula Ikechukwu Otuosorochi, and Igwe Victory Somtochukwu. "Industrial And Community Waste Management: Global Perspective." American Journal of Physical Sciences 1, no. 1 (February 18, 2020): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.47604/ajps.1043.
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Purpose:The review focused on the management of industrial and communal wastes. Industrial and communal waste management practices are not uniform among countries; urban and rural areas, residential, and industrial sectors, all take different approaches.
Methodology: Industrial wastes can be classified on basis of their characteristics; Waste in dissolved and pollutant is in liquid form, e.g. dairy industry; Waste in solid form, but a number of pollutants within are in the liquid or fluid form, e.g. washing of minerals or crockery industry or coal.
Results: Industrial waste is produced as a result of industrial activities, including materials rendered useless during manufacturing process such as that of food and chemical industries, mills, factories, and mining operations. Dirt and gravel, concrete and masonry, solvents, chemicals, scrap lumber, scrap metal, oil, etc. are types of industrial waste. Industrial or community waste may be liquid, solid, or gaseous. It may be absolutely hazardous, mirror entry, or non-hazardous waste. Hazardous waste can be toxic, ignitable, corrosive, radioactive, or reactive. Industrial waste may pollute the soil, the air, or nearby water bodies, ending up in the sea.
Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: Waste management is important component in a business' ability to maintain the ISO14001 accreditation. The ISO14001 standard encourages companies to ensure green environment and improve their environmental efficiencies every year by eliminating waste through the resource recovery practices. The principles of waste management puts some factors into consideration such as waste hierarchy, life-cycle of a product, resource efficiency, and polluter-pays principle. Common waste disposal and management methods include incineration, landfill, recycling, re-use, pyrolysis, resource recovery, composting, among others. An important method of waste management in industries and communities is the prevention of waste materials being created, better known as waste reduction. The waste management industry has adopted new technologies such as Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tags, GPS, etc., which enable the collection of better quality data without the using estimation or manual data entry.
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Martono, Yohanes. "Potency of Industrial Tea Waste: Comparison Between Green And Black Tea Industrial Wastes as UV Filter for Sunscreen." Indonesian Journal of Cancer Chemoprevention 1, no. 1 (February 28, 2010): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.14499/indonesianjcanchemoprev1iss1pp54-59.
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Indonesia is one of ten biggest countries that produce tea for world. It makes Indonesia produce various tea products. Every tea production process produces the large quantity of industrial tea wastes every day. Our previous research showed that industrial tea wastes still have antioxidant activity. It means that industrial tea wastes contained of phenolic compounds which can be used as UV filter for sunscreen. This research compared antioxidant activity, total phenolic contents and UV filter effectiveness between green and black industrial tea wastes. Antioxidant activity were analyzed by reducing power and DPPH method, total phenolic contents of tea wastes extract were analyzed using Folin-Ciocalteu assay, while UV filter effectiveness were assessed by UV spectra and absorbance of each tea wastes extract related to its concentration in order to yield maximum protection. The results showed that although green tea waste extract had higher antioxidant activity but adversely, black tea had higher total phenolic contents. UV filter effectiveness is affected by polyphenols content in substances, so it suggested that black tea waste extract is more potential than green tea waste extract as photoprotection substance.Keywords: tea waste, UV filter, sunscreen
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Bellopede, Rossana, Lorena Zichella, and Paola Marini. "Glass Waste3: A Preliminary Study for a New Industrial Recovery Processing." Sustainability 12, no. 5 (March 5, 2020): 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12051997.
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In recent times, the selection and treatment of glass waste are implemented in processing plants where a secondary raw material (SRM) named glass cullet, which is suitable for glass production, and a waste containing a high percentage of glass (glass waste2) is obtained. In the literature, there are many studies conducted on the recovery of the cullet, while few are the studies on the recovery of the waste that is produced by cullet processing. According to the 2013 Joint Research Centre (JRC) Reference report, the cullet produces savings in terms of energy and raw materials. However, it has a high current cost and its availability is becoming difficult, therefore its use is not always economically advantageous. The goal and strategy of the European Union is zero waste. For this purpose, further treatment of glass waste has been investigated. Through the industrial treatment of the glass waste2, a glass waste3 constituted again by an SRM made of glass is obtained together with a high quantity of presumed SRM (e.g., heavy plastic, corks, iron, non-ferrous metals, etc.). The process treatment separating these SRMs from the glass waste3 is, in this case, a pilot plant that needs to be optimized in order to reach an economic and sustainable industrial process solution. In particular, the materials to be recycled are exploitable product fractions with different particle sizes and physical properties (such as density, shape and resistance). This research is based on data collected from a North Italy process plant and is aimed at solving the issue of waste in this kind of process by implementing a pilot plant already present. Representative samples of feed material (glass waste3) and different products of the pilot plant have been analyzed. Moreover, laboratory tests were executed to improve separation efficiency and to valorize the different product fractions. A flow sheet of a new treatment plant has been developed and an economic evaluation has been made. The materials that will be separated in the new plant could be traded as SRM—e.g., plastics, metals, synthetic and cork stoppers—which constitute almost 90% of the total feed of the plant.
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Divya, Y., B. Achiammal, and Santosh Kumar Sahoo. "Industrial Waste-Water Treatment using IoT." Journal of ISMAC 5, no. 2 (June 2023): 113–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.36548/jismac.2023.2.003.
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Environmental safety management has recently been the most difficult task in this rapidly urbanising country. Wastewater management is a method of treating waste that can be reused rather than thrown away. One of the most efficient ways to handle garbage is to reduce and recycle. For decades, wastewater treatment companies have been dealing with a plethora of difficulties centred on how to avoid trash being managed. Separating wastes thrown in water, such as paints and battery wastes, is difficult since they require a unique classification and recycling procedure. In Telangana, the waste developed from dairy industry requires to be treated properly for reuse of same due to scarcity of water. So, the Internet of Things (IoT) for a waste management solution is considered here to address the above concerns.. Hence, the proposed method focusses on an IoT based wastewater treatment and monitoring for smooth operation and reuse. During implementation, it was concluded with confirmation that the proposed system has high accuracy in the range of 96% as compared to other existing models.
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Farzadkia, Mahdi, Sahand Jorfi, Mashaallah Nikzad, and Shahram Nazari. "Evaluation of industrial wastes management practices: Case study of the Savojbolagh industrial zone, Iran." Waste Management & Research 38, no. 1 (August 23, 2019): 44–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x19865777.
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The main objective of this research was to investigate the waste characteristics and management activities in the Savojbolagh industrial zone, Iran, in order to rank the active industries from environmental perspectives using an innovative index. First, the industrial categories with over 50 employees were identified and classified according to their production process. Then, 54 industries were selected and all industrial processes, the types and quantities of products, per capita industrial waste generation, physical analysis and management activities in terms of minimisation, storage, processing, recycling and disposal were evaluated. The required data were obtained through questioners, interviews and field observations. A scoring system was prepared for evaluation of environmental status of waste management practices. Results indicated that the total industrial waste generation rate was 67,258 kg d-1, in which 4528 belonged to hazardous waste. Furthermore, the per capita waste generation rate was 5.51 kg d-1. Plastic, paper and cardboard and metals constituted the most fractions of wastes, respectively. Food and beverage, metallic and chemical/plastic industries were the biggest waste generators. Metallic industries with total score of 502.5 and non-metalic-mineral industries with the total score of 114 were categorised as the best and worst industries in terms of waste management practices.
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Kumari, Bothsa, Ch Damodhar Naidu, and Pinninti Dileep Kumar. "Use of Industrial Waste in Road Embankment." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Volume-2, Issue-6 (October 31, 2018): 250–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd18438.
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Soldán, Maroš, Ľubomír Čaplovič, Blanka Galbičková, and Kristína Gerulová. "Evaluation of the Structure of Industrial Wastes." Advanced Materials Research 664 (February 2013): 185–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.664.185.
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The aim of this paper is to evaluate the structure of wastes from non-ferrous metals. Wastes from the production of metals were selected namely waste from the production of aluminum - red mud and the waste from the production of nickel - black nickel mud. Morphology of samples was documented by scanning electron microscope, phase analysis using diffraction techniques and the content of elements was determined by EDX analysis. The influence of pretreatment of these wastes on the structure was also investigated.
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Ismail, Norasyikin, and Farid Nasir Ani. "Solid Waste Management and Treatment in Malaysia." Applied Mechanics and Materials 699 (November 2014): 969–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.699.969.
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A huge amount of solid wastes are generated daily in Malaysia. A staggering amount of municipal solid waste (MSW) is produced by one person daily in both urban and rural areas. Apart from these there would also be wastes that come from sewage sludge, industrial waste, agricultural waste, and clinical waste. Statistics of waste generated in Malaysia from each sector mention is presented in this paper. As the population of the country keep expanding, so does the generation of solid waste. However, we could take advantage of the situation by converting these wastes into syngas; which is known to be potentially capable in replacing natural gas for industrial and consumer’s energy application. In addition, existing treatment and processing of biomass and solid fuels such as coal has been widely used in industrial scales to generate electricity. Treatment of solid waste is one of many ways to manage this massive amount of solid waste generated.
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Chen, Mengjun, Jianbo Wang, Haiyian Chen, Oladele A. Ogunseitan, Mingxin Zhang, Hongbin Zang, and Jiukun Hu. "Electronic Waste Disassembly with Industrial Waste Heat." Environmental Science & Technology 47, no. 21 (October 15, 2013): 12409–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es402102t.
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Nimmagadda, Vijaya Kumar, M. M. M. Sarcar, and Ramji Koona. "Investigation of Dielectric Properties of Industrial Waste Reinforced Particulate Polymer Composites." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/319741.
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Environmental awareness today motivates the worldwide researchers on the studies of industrial waste reinforced polymer composites. Rapid industrialization has resulted in the generation of huge quantity of solid and liquid wastes such as sugar, paper and pulp, fruit and food processing, distilleries, dairies, and poultries. The redundancy of industrial waste and government regulations have prompted researchers to try for industrial waste reinforced composites. Being low cost, ease of manufacturing, and high mechanical and other properties, an industrial waste represents a good alternative to the most common composites. In the present study, industrial wastes collected from different industries are used as particulate reinforcement in unsaturated polyester matrix and also in polypropylene and investigated dielectric properties. Results reveal that coupling agent treated composites produce improved dielectric strength due to improvement in compatibility between matrix and reinforcement interface. Results also reveal that industrial waste reinforced in polypropylene has more dielectric strength as compared to reinforcement in polyester.
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Zhu, Li, Zhao Jie Cui, and Jian Ren Zhou. "Framework Design for Eco-Industrial Park's Waste Management System." Advanced Materials Research 156-157 (October 2010): 808–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.156-157.808.
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This study proposes a framework design for eco-industrial park’s waste management system including functional orientation of the system and flow chart of the waste exchange in an EIP. The core function of the waste management system is waste exchange. Also, other functions of the park management are contained in the system such as technological exchange, product trading etc. A flow chart of the waste exchange has been designed in detail. Waste source account including six procedures is the key to achieve waste exchange. To identify the realness of reported data by computer system, we calculate materials balance and emission coefficient in this study. The whole waste exchange management by internet includes ten steps. After completion of the on-line processing, the wastes can be transported to the user.
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Bhat, Sartaj Ahmad, Jaswinder Singh, and Adarsh Pal Vig. "Management of Sugar Industrial Wastes through Vermitechnology." International Letters of Natural Sciences 55 (June 2016): 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilns.55.35.
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The present paper discusses the role of earthworms in recycling of sugar industrial wastes. The wastes generated from sugar industry are pressmud, bagasse, bagasse fly ash, sugar cane trash, sugar beet mud, sugar beet pulp, molasses etc. These wastes when mixed with other organic substrates become ideal mixtures for growth of earthworms. These wastes if stored in open field’s causes contamination in the environment and may cause several diseases in public health. But the governments have been unable to tackle the menace of solid waste pollution due to dearth of appropriate technologies, finance and space. Therefore, environment friendly and cost effective technologies for nutrient recycling or remediation of wastes are being advocated as an alternative means for conserving and replenishing natural resources of the ecosystems. Vermicomposting is one such technology that synergises microbial degradation with earthworm’s activity for reducing, reusing and recycling waste materials in a shorter span of time. Earthworm technology can convert sugar industrial wastes into valuable fertilizing material. The final product (vermicompost) produced during the process of vermicomposting is nutrient rich organic fertilizer with plant available nutrients such as nitrogen, potassium, calcium and phosphorus. In the present study an attempt has been made to document the role of earthworms in reuse of sugar industry waste.
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Bhat, Sartaj Ahmad, Jaswinder Singh, and Adarsh Pal Vig. "Management of Sugar Industrial Wastes through Vermitechnology." International Letters of Natural Sciences 55 (June 3, 2016): 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.56431/p-jh3zmh.
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The present paper discusses the role of earthworms in recycling of sugar industrial wastes. The wastes generated from sugar industry are pressmud, bagasse, bagasse fly ash, sugar cane trash, sugar beet mud, sugar beet pulp, molasses etc. These wastes when mixed with other organic substrates become ideal mixtures for growth of earthworms. These wastes if stored in open field’s causes contamination in the environment and may cause several diseases in public health. But the governments have been unable to tackle the menace of solid waste pollution due to dearth of appropriate technologies, finance and space. Therefore, environment friendly and cost effective technologies for nutrient recycling or remediation of wastes are being advocated as an alternative means for conserving and replenishing natural resources of the ecosystems. Vermicomposting is one such technology that synergises microbial degradation with earthworm’s activity for reducing, reusing and recycling waste materials in a shorter span of time. Earthworm technology can convert sugar industrial wastes into valuable fertilizing material. The final product (vermicompost) produced during the process of vermicomposting is nutrient rich organic fertilizer with plant available nutrients such as nitrogen, potassium, calcium and phosphorus. In the present study an attempt has been made to document the role of earthworms in reuse of sugar industry waste.
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Bentham, Richard, Nick McClure, and David Catcheside. "Biotreatment of an industrial waste oil condensate." Water Science and Technology 36, no. 10 (November 1, 1997): 125–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1997.0374.
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The biotreatment of an industrial waste oil condensate has been investigated. The waste is an oily emulsion resulting from chemical processing and condensation of grease trap wastes and industrial waste oils. The oil consists of a complex mix of hydrocarbons with significant fuel oil and lube oil fractions. Currently this waste is disposed of by incineration. The feasibility of using a biological pretreatment process to remove a significant proportion of the hydrocarbons has been investigated. Enrichment cultures produced a stable bacterial consortium. Flask cultures of this enrichment culture were capable of rapid emulsification of the oil. Within 10 days, 40–50% of the oil waste was degraded. Degradation was monitored using gas chromatographic analysis with flame ionisation detector (GC-FID) and by assessment of microbial dehydrogenase activity using triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) dye reduction. The enrichment culture consisted of 9 component organisms, 7 Gram negative and one Gram positive organisms. Their degradative abilities in monoculture have been investigated. Degradation of the waste using monocultures was monitored using GC-FID analysis of the Pristane:C17 ratio in the waste. The degradation capability of each of the component organisms in pure culture was similar to that of the consortium.
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Pourahmadi, Amirali, Taghi Ebadi, and Manouchehr Nikazar. "Industrial Wastes Risk Ranking with TOPSIS, Multi Criteria Decision Making Method." Civil Engineering Journal 3, no. 6 (June 30, 2017): 372–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-2017-00000098.
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Today, various types of industrial waste are produced in different industries to meet human demands. Growth in quantity as well as complication in quality of these wastes are followed by the advance of technology. Management of such wastes need a proper identification and comprehensive understanding of the risk, emerging after the harmful characteristics of the wastes and negatively affect the human and environment health. Wastes risk ranking systems, in this regard, links between the industrial wastes indices and mathematical method/algorithm, being able at estimation of the risk level as well as comparison between the wastes of an industrial unit based on the risk level. Complexity of the method, high computational costs and lack of proper description of waste using selected indices in former studies has led to the proposal of an applicable and flexible method. In this study, the “TOPSIS Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) method” was developed in order for ranking the risk of various industrial wastes. Totally, a number of 9 subsidiary indices on the human health and 11 subsidiary indices on the environment health was identified and employed. Finally, the proposed waste risk ranking system was used for ranking 9 types of identified industrial waste in three industrial section. Results show that the “TOPSIS MCDM”, due to the lack of complexities in method and limited computational costs, is an efficient and appropriate method for ranking industrial wastes.
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Kavyateja, Bode Venkata, and Panga Narasimha Reddy. "Effect of Industrial Waste on Strength Properties of Concrete." Annales de Chimie - Science des Matériaux 44, no. 5 (October 31, 2020): 353–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/acsm.440508.
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Industrial wastes generally pumped into water bodies and soil that would pollute the atmosphere. As a control measure, industrial wastes products utilized as waste building materials. In the present research, waste products from various industries like illuminate sludge and glass bottle powder used in different dosages as a replacement for fine aggregate and metakaolin used as a cement replacement. Split tensile strength and compressive strength of the concrete samples examined for M30 grade. Fine aggregate is substituted by glass bottle powder (i.e. 10 to 40%) and illuminate sludge (i.e. 10 to 30%). Metakaolin substituted for cement replacement (i.e. 4 to 12%). Glass bottle does not pollute the atmosphere, but the disposal of waste glass results wastage of land. Thereby glass bottle powder can be utilized as a cement replacement in the construction industry. Then the metakaolin and illuminate sludge are the waste products from the titanium product. The experiment performed to assess the strength properties by incorporating various industrial wastes in different dosages. Physical tests of all three products have carried out according to the code requirements. Three specimens have been tested for each industrial waste products ratio to examine the tensile and compressive strength of concrete at 7th day, 14th day and 28th day and eventually to cure to achieve the optimum strength of concrete. Addition of these industrial wastes into the concrete showed an outstanding improvement in modulus of rupture, split tensile strength and compressive strength at an early and later ages.
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Judith, Jacob Vinitha, and Namasivayam Vasudevan. "Synthesis of nanomaterial from industrial waste and its application in environmental pollutant remediation." Environmental Engineering Research 27, no. 2 (March 5, 2021): 200672–0. http://dx.doi.org/10.4491/eer.2020.672.
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Increased productions of waste from industries have persuaded in sustainable and naturally stable methods to reuse the waste. Utilization of wastes for the synthesis of nanomaterial is of significant importance due to its extensive variety of uses in various industrial sectors. This review focuses on potential options available for nanomaterial synthesis from waste produced by industrial activities and manufacturing processes. Possible application of industrial waste derived nanomaterial for the expulsion of organic and inorganic contaminants is discussed. Furthermore, the future opportunities and challenges in this emerging research area of converting industrial waste to nanomaterials are addressed.
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Namdharani, Vishakha, Aditi Mutatkar, Hrutuja Tamore, Priyanka Purohit, and Prof Ashwini Shanbag. "Behaviour of Green Concrete (Blended Concrete) using Agro-Industrial Waste AS Partial Replacement of Cement." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, no. 7 (July 31, 2023): 1925–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.55001.
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Abstract: Rapid urbanisation has increased demand for natural resources, and industrialised nations' agricultural waste disposal problems have made it possible for agricultural waste to be utilised in building. Research is being done on how to use agricultural or industrial wastes as a source of building materials to support the construction industry all over the world. In addition to being feasible, using these wastes would also produce an environment free from contamination. For financial, environmental, and specialist reasons, waste reduction research has focused on the use of agricultural and mechanical waste provided by current processes. There is an urgent need for waste management solutions since agricultural and industrial wastes like sawdust and rice husk ash are seriously impacting the environment. The initial step of the project will include creating blended cement from agro-industrial waste and evaluating its properties using various mix proportions. Then, using mixed cement, green concrete will be produced.
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Bennett, Gary F. "Industrial Waste Treatment Handbook." Journal of Hazardous Materials 90, no. 2 (March 2002): 217–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0304-3894(01)00391-0.
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Travis, Curtis, and Vicki Gamble. "Managing industrial hazardous waste." Journal of Hazardous Materials 30, no. 3 (May 1992): 377–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3894(92)87028-e.
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Brunner, Calvin R. "Industrial sludge waste incineration." Environmental Progress 8, no. 3 (August 1989): 163–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ep.3300080314.
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Roman, Anatolii. "Industrial waste management on example of Ukraine in the light of achieving sustainable development goals." Technology audit and production reserves 6, no. 3(62) (December 21, 2021): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/2706-5448.2021.246399.
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This study object is industrial waste issue on the example of Ukraine: accumulation level, structure and its treatment possible ways. An analysis of waste sources available statistics on and their quantity was conducted. Іt is considered industrial wastes main component composition and corresponding types processing directions in Ukraine and abroad are analyzed. It is established the industrial waste accumulation level trends in Ukraine to increase year by year, and it's comparison with Gross Domestic Product shows an raw materials increase in the economy. Minor Downward Trends (2008–2009 and 2014–2016) illustrate decline in the industrial production during respective period. The largest industrial wastes producers are mining and processing industries. Six categories of industrial waste were identified, accounting for 4/5 of their total amount. These are sludge, «tails» and other iron ore wastes, iron ore mining wastes, limestone mining residues and waste from mining operations. Only iron ore tails enrichment technologies have been implemented at a sufficient level in Ukraine at present, but their processing level in terms of resource and energy savings is insufficient. The large relevant technologies have been introduced outside Ukraine and the most effective are includes maximum processing stages depth and included to technological production cycles. Based on this study results it is notes the best and most effective in the realities of Ukraine areas of waste management towards the implementation of 17 sustainable development goals are multi-component processing of six main categories of waste from the mining and processing industries. This approach avoids legal conflicts and has the highest environmental and economic effect.
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Ahring, B. K., I. Angelidaki, and K. Johansen. "Anaerobic Treatment of Manure Together with Industrial Waste." Water Science and Technology 25, no. 7 (April 1, 1992): 311–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1992.0163.
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A joint large-scale biogas plant treats animal manure together with organic industrial and household solid waste and produces biogas and organic fertilizers. In the presentation we will discuss the importance of combined treatment of manure and organic waste. Furthermore, data will be shown on the effects of addition of lipid- and protein- containing wastes to thermophilic digesters treating cattle manure.
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S.K., Gowtham. "An Experimental Study on Industrial Waste in Concrete." Journal of Advanced Research in Dynamical and Control Systems 11, no. 10 (October 31, 2019): 236–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5373/jardcs/v11i10/20193370.
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Dimulescu, Catalina, and Adrian Burlacu. "Industrial Waste Materials as Alternative Fillers in Asphalt Mixtures." Sustainability 13, no. 14 (July 20, 2021): 8068. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13148068.
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One important role in asphalt mixture performances is represented by the filler content and characteristics. This research aims to assess the potential usage of industrial waste powders as replacers of the standard limestone filler in asphalt mixture composition. First of all, an SEM and EDX analysis was carried out to figure whether this industrial waste can be used in asphalt mixture composition by comparing the results of the industrial wastes with the properties of the standard filler. After a chemical evaluation, laboratory investigations were carried out to characterize the materials in terms of geometrical and physical properties. The research study involved sixteen dosages of limestone filler with four different types of industrial waste powders in different percentages used. The results obtained from laboratory testing suggested that the inclusion of industrial wastes in the manufacture of asphaltic mixtures may have benefits for the construction industry, the waste management sector, and also for the environment.
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Azzahra, Luthfia, and Nyi Mekar Saptarini. "Pharmaceutical Industrial Waste Regulation in Five Countries in Asia." Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutics 3, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.24198/idjp.v3i1.33383.
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The pharmaceutical industry produces a various toxic wastes. Generated waste increases the risk of environmental and ecosystem pollution. It is necessary to have proper waste management to prevent waste pollution to the environment. In 1999, WHO published “Guidelines for the Safe Disposal of Unwanted Pharmaceuticals in and after Emergencies”, that contain treatments and safe disposal method, which is appropriate for any country. Many countries had developed and published regulations and guidelines on waste management. This article aimed to review the handling of pharmaceutical industrial waste in five countries in Asia. This review included studies from ProQuest, Crossref, and Google Scholar. The pharmaceutical industries in Indonesia, India, Japan, Thailand, and China has their own state regulations in order to protect the environment. They also had implemented pharmaceutical industrial waste management following their regulation and guidelines. The method used to treat the waste is similar with WHO guideline. Some factors affecting the country regulations are the insufficient of land and waste management facilities, lack of awareness, low penalties, limited infrastructures, lack of waste testing facilities. The challenge in the future to handle pharmaceutical waste are increasing waste volume, decreasing land for waste management, sewer methods may contaminate water, possible air pollution due to incineration, so it is necessary to have more advanced methods in waste management that are safe for the environment and humans.Keywordz: Industry, Pharmaceutical, Waste Regulation, Asia
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Biscan, Davor, and Veljko Filipan. "Potential of waste heat in Croatian industrial sector." Thermal Science 16, no. 3 (2012): 747–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci120124123b.
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Waste heat recovery in Croatian industry is of the highest significance regarding the national efforts towards energy efficiency improvements and climate protection. By recuperation of heat which would otherwise be wasted, the quantity of fossil fuels used for production of useful energy could be lowered thereby reducing the fuel costs and increasing the competitiveness of examined Croatian industries. Another effect of increased energy efficiency of industrial processes and plants is reduction of greenhouse gases i.e. the second important national goal required by the European Union (EU) and United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). Paper investigates and analyses the waste heat potential in Croatian industrial sector. Firstly, relevant industrial sectors with significant amount of waste heat are determined. Furthermore, significant companies in these sectors are selected with respect to main process characteristics, operation mode and estimated waste heat potential. Data collection of waste heat parameters (temperature, mass flow and composition) is conducted. Current technologies used for waste heat utilization from different waste heat sources are pointed out. Considered facilities are compared with regard to amount of flue gas heat. Mechanisms for more efficient and more economic utilization of waste heat are proposed.
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Perevozova, I. "Analysis and forecast of production and utilization of industrial waste in Ukraine." Naukovyi Visnyk Natsionalnoho Hirnychoho Universytetu, no. 2 (2021): 131–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.33271/nvngu/2021-2/131.
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Purpose. To analyze the situation with the generation, utilization and accumulation of industrial wastes, to develop the mathematical model of forecasting and, using this model, to identify the main trends in forming and accumulating waste for next years and current threats. Methodology. In the scientific research presented in the article, general and special methods of cognition were applied. For the use of the indicated methods complex approach was applied. Complex use of methods of regular supervision, comparative analysis, content analysis, and logical generalization, quantitative and qualitative comparison allowed not only determining the range of industries that make a major contribution to the formation of existing industrial wastes, but also proving that the main polluter is the extractive industry. Complex use of methods of scientific abstraction and mathematical formalization allowed not only creating a mathematical model for the formation of forecasts for industrial wastes for subsequent periods but also strengthening their relevance by highlighting the colored noise and predicting trends in the coming years. Findings. The results of quantitative and qualitative analysis of the annual increase in industrial waste by industries prove the mono-sectoral impact on the formation of the crisis situation. Threats have been detected of multiplicative year-on-year growth of waste accumulated during operation in specially designated places and facilities and annual growth of accumulation of dangerous industrial waste of IIII classes. The created mathematical model allowed carrying out forecasting of volumes of formation and utilization of industrial waste. Due to this, further analytical studies have shown that the volume of waste generation in recent years is twenty times as much as the volumes of disposal. There has also been a catastrophic decrease in the rate of dangerous waste disposal and outpacing the growth of total waste accumulation. Originality. As a result of the analysis, it is found that the trend of recent years to increase waste generation has been formed due to the extractive industry and quarry development. Threats of a crisis situation formation as a result of the reduction of dangerous waste utilization and the multiplicative year-on-year growth of the total accumulated wastes have been established. During the research, a mathematical model was developed for the analysis of waste generation and utilization and forecasting of their volumes. Practical value. The results of quantitative and qualitative analysis of the annual increase in the volume of industrial wastes by industries prove the mono-sectoral impact on forming of the crisis situation. The application of the developed mathematical model of forecasting of volumes of waste formation and utilization provides new opportunities for the analysis of the situation and introduction of advanced methods of waste management.
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Al-Zubaidi, Aseel B. "Recycling waste papers in green cement mortars." Iraqi Journal of Physics (IJP) 17, no. 40 (March 1, 2019): 135–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.30723/ijp.v17i40.414.
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This work investigates the utilization of waste papers (natural and industrial) i.e (citrus aurantium and papers A4) mortars containing specified contents 0.5%, 1%, 1.5% of waste papers were prepared and cured. Mechanical characteristics such as compressive and bending strengths, hardness and water absorption were determined for the mortars mixed with the waste papers and compared with those obtained from the pure mortars. Results showed that the addition of waste paper leads to increase the hardness to (69 - 68.5) shore D for (natural and industrial) wastes materials respectively comparing with pure specimen 66 shore D. The compressed strength of the mortar cement specimen cured for 28 days from 13 MPa to (17-18) MPa for (natural and industrial) wastes materials, respectively.
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Liu, Bo, Yuyuan Zhang, Kaili Xu, Yansong Zhang, Zheng Hao, and Ning Ma. "Study on a New Type of Composite Powder Explosion Inhibitor Used to Suppress Underground Coal Dust Explosion." Applied Sciences 11, no. 18 (September 14, 2021): 8512. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11188512.
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At present, the world is committed to the development of environmentally friendly, sustainable and industrial safety. The effective treatment of industrial solid waste can be applied in the field of industrial safety. It is one of the ways to apply industrial solid waste to industrial safety to modify industrial solid waste and combine active powder to prepare industrial solid waste-based composite powder explosion inhibitors and apply it to underground coal dust explosion. This paper introduces the modification and preparation methods of industrial solid waste, and analyzes the good explosion suppression effect and good economic benefit of industrial solid waste-based composite powder explosion inhibitors on coal dust explosion. In this paper, four kinds of industrial solid wastes (red mud, slag, fly ash and sludge) were modified, and the modified solid waste materials with good carrier characteristics were obtained. Combined with a variety of active powders (NaHCO3, KH2PO4 and Al(OH)3), the industrial solid waste-based composite powder explosion inhibitors were obtained by solvent-crystallization (WCSC) and dry coating by ball milling (DCBM). Those kinds of explosion inhibitors can suppress the explosion of pulverized coal in 40–50% of cases. Compared with the powder explosion inhibitor commonly used in industry, it has a lower production cost and better explosion suppression effect. Those kinds of explosion inhibitors have a good industrial application prospect.
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Li, Jia Shu, and Hou Ming Fan. "Analysis and Prediction of Waste Discharge in Liaoning Industrial Areas." Advanced Materials Research 599 (November 2012): 560–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.599.560.
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Citing the facts concerning the waste discharge reality in Liaoning province, this paper analyzes the characteristics of time variation of the “three wastes”, namely, the industrial wastewater, waste gas and solid wastes, and the factors affecting the discharge of the “three wastes” in the province, and makes predictions of the three wastes by setting up various prediction models, including Grey Forecast Model GM (1, 1), GM (1, n) Model, Exponential Smoothing Model, Multivariate Linear Regression Model, and Time Series Model/ARMA model, the results and errors of which are compared, before determining the final predictions and drawing the conclusion.
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Srivastava, Rajiv Ranjan, Dilip Kumar Rajak, Sadia Ilyas, Hyunjung Kim, and Pankaj Pathak. "Challenges, Regulations, and Case Studies on Sustainable Management of Industrial Waste." Minerals 13, no. 1 (December 28, 2022): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min13010051.
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Incessant generation and mismanagement of industrial waste, resource scarcity, and environmental degradation have created non-sustainability in human life. Though industrial wastes are hazardous or non-hazardous in nature based on their source, open dumping disposal is commonly done for both types of waste. The adversity associated with waste enhances the environmental and health impacts. However, this waste has the potential to recycle and minimize resource scarcity. The circular economy works on the concept of reuse, recycling, and recovery to convert waste into a resource. Thus, industrial waste can benefit the environment and economic growth to build industrial ecology. However, the opportunities and challenges associated with industrial ecology for the reuse and recycling of waste have to be identified and preserved. Therefore, this study has identified challenges associated with waste, analyzed their impact, and industrial regulations, prioritized their criticality, and developed solution strategies to alleviate them. Two case studies on industrial byproducts, i.e., fly ash and red mud, based on different income groups are discussed in this study. It highlights the circular economy has minimized waste generation and enhanced the recovery of secondary resource materials. In addition, this study supports achieving the sustainable development goals (SDGs) 11 and 12 to build a sustainable industrial ecosystem.
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Zhou, Shu Qing. "An Empirical Analysis on the Relationship between Industrial Economic Growth and Environmental Pollution - Taking the Chongqing of China as an Example." Advanced Materials Research 807-809 (September 2013): 732–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.807-809.732.
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Basing on the theories of Environmental Kuznets Curve,this paper analyzes the relationship between industrial economic growth and waste gas,waste water and solid wastes with the economic and environmental statistics of Chongqing Municipality from 1995 to 2009. The study shows that there is a inverted N-type of environmental Kuznets curve of the industrial waste water with the rising of industrial per capita value, but it lies in the left side of the EKC. There exists a extremely notable relationship between the industrial per capita value and produced volume of industrial solid wastes,but the curve has not come up to the turning point. In order to achieve the harmonious development between industrial economic growth and environmental pollution in Chongqing,we should establish the long-effect mechanism for environmental protection.
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Călătan, Gabriela, Andreea Hegyi, Elvira Grebenisan, and Anamaria Cătălina Mircea. "Possibilities of Recovery of Industrial Waste and By-Products in Adobe-Brick-Type Masonry Elements." Proceedings 63, no. 1 (December 9, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2020063001.
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The purpose of this study is to search for possibilities to capitalize on industrial waste, which occupies huge storage spaces. This paper presents an experimental study on the possibility and efficiency of this industrial waste in the composition of clay mixtures suitable for making unburned clay bricks. Living in harmony with nature is part of sustainable development. For this purpose, six compositions based on clay and industrial waste were made. The studied industrial wastes were: ash from the Mintia thermal power plant, Romania, limestone sludge, gypsum sludge, and damped waste from the processing of imported ore.
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Bennett, GaryF. "Hazardous and industrial wastes: Proceedings of the 24th mid-Atlantic Industrial waste conference." Journal of Hazardous Materials 34, no. 3 (August 1993): 395–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3894(93)85104-m.
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Iodice, Silvia, and Pasquale De Toro. "WASTE AND WASTED LANDSCAPES: FOCUS ON ABANDONED INDUSTRIAL AREAS." Detritus, no. 11 (July 23, 2020): 103–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.31025/2611-4135/2020.13975.
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Urban ecosystems, in their complexity, like living organisms, have their own metabolism, whose functioning is linked to the presence of input and output streams. These metabolic flows define the interconnection of different life cycle phases and determine the presence of wasted landscapes, i.e. portion of territory waiting for the activation of regeneration actions. The present paper focuses on the abandoned industrial areas that characterize a portion of the Metropolitan Area of Naples, defining a spatial identification methodology and connecting them to the production of Construction and Demolition Waste, in a multi-scale perspective.
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Kronenberg, Jakub, and Ralph Winkler. "Wasted waste: An evolutionary perspective on industrial by-products." Ecological Economics 68, no. 12 (October 2009): 3026–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2009.07.006.
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Munir, Qaisar, Sanaz Afshariantorghabeh, and Timo Kärki. "Industrial Waste Pretreatment Approach for 3D Printing of Sustainable Building Materials." Urban Science 6, no. 3 (August 1, 2022): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/urbansci6030050.
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The large volume of industrial by-products and wastes from the construction, timber and paper industries has become a serious challenge worldwide. Recycling these industrial wastes as functional materials in the construction industry is an efficient approach for sustainable development. This study presents a pretreatment approach for recycling construction and demolition waste (CDW) and industrial side-streams (such as green liquor sludge, fiber waste, flotation sand and fly ash) in order to produce a geopolymer for the 3D printing of construction materials. A treatment approach was developed for screening the residues from CDW with a maximum size of 16 mm and for a combined line treatment for industrial side streams. The treatment processes utilized suitable and economical separation techniques for the recycling of waste materials. The crushing of the screened residues resulted in a homogeneous material size that facilitates the separation of mixed wastes and simplifies the classification of materials. The combined plant enabled the cost-effective treatment of various industrial wastes in a single process unit. The results show that the economic and environmental impact of the chosen techniques, in terms of their energy consumption, is highly dependent on the treatment line, separation technique and quantity of the individual waste that is processed. These recycled industrial wastes can be used as sustainable materials for the production of geopolymer concrete, contributing to the sustainability of the construction industry.
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Srivastava, Pallavi. "Microbial Pigments Production through Agro Industrial Waste as a Substrate using Fermentation Techniques." Ecology, Environment and Conservation 29 (2023): 319–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.53550/eec.2023.v29i02s.052.
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Waste from agro-industries is widely utilized for the making of microbial pigments using fermentation technique. Production of microbial pigments through the fermentation is a metabolic process that produces chemical changes in organic substrate through the action of enzymes. Production of food grade pigments needs high capital investments. Thus, utilization of agro-industrial waste plays an imperative role in the low cost production of microbial pigments. Agricultural industrial sector generates waste at large scale in the form of seeds, bagasse, whey and molasses etc. Agro-industrial wastes are not only biodegradable but also full of nutrients. Microbial pigment production through agro-industrial waste is an inexpensive and environmental friendly process that has positive impact on the environment. This review paper is aimed to focus on the microbial pigments production through agro-industrial waste as a substrate using fermentation technique. Agro-industrial waste utilization will reduce the environmental pollution as well as can help to produce variety of biological products such as biogases and biopigments etc.
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Płuciennik-Koropczuk, Ewelina, and Sylwia Myszograj. "Zahn-Wellens Test in Industrial Wastewater Biodegradability Assessment." Civil and Environmental Engineering Reports 28, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 77–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ceer-2018-0007.
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Abstract Biodegradability of pollution contained in examined industrial wastewater was assessed according to methodology based on Zahn-Wellens (OECD 302B) test. The following kinds of wastewater were examined: - metal industry wastewater from aluminium pressure foundry; - wastewater from industrial waste treatment processes, such as: filtration waste, chemical reagents, coolants, water emulsions, oil wastes and other industrial wastes, galvanising waste treatment processes sludge. Samples COD value decrease in the subsequent days of the experiment proves that organic substances contained in the examined wastewater undergo gradual biodegradability in aerobic conditions. The highest biodegradability degree of aluminium pressure foundry wastewater equal 65.7% was noted during 28 day of the experiment. However, the minimum biodegradability degree equal 80% after 13 aeration days, which in Zahn-Wellens test allows to determine the examined substance to be biodegradable, has not been achieved. Meanwhile, Zahn-Wellens test conducted for wastewater from industrial waste treatment processes showed that in the day 14 of the process, high (87.1%) organic substance degradation degree, measured with COD value decrease, was achieved. Further aeration of the samples did not increase biodegradability, which equalled 87.9% after 28 days.
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Flohr, Letícia, Armando Borges de Castilhos Júnior, and William Gerson Matias. "Acute and Chronic Toxicity of Soluble Fractions of Industrial Solid Wastes onDaphnia magnaandVibrio fischeri." Scientific World Journal 2012 (2012): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/2012/643904.
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Industrial wastes may produce leachates that can contaminate the aquatic ecosystem. Toxicity testing in acute and chronic levels is essential to assess environmental risks from the soluble fractions of these wastes, since only chemical analysis may not be adequate to classify the hazard of an industrial waste. In this study, ten samples of solid wastes from textile, metal-mechanic, and pulp and paper industries were analyzed by acute and chronic toxicity tests withDaphnia magnaandVibrio fischeri. A metal-mechanic waste (sample MM3) induced the highest toxicity level toDaphnia magna(CE50,48 h=2.21%). A textile waste induced the highest toxicity level toVibrio fischeri(sample TX2,CE50,30 min=12.08%). All samples of pulp and paper wastes, and a textile waste (sample TX2) induced chronic effects on reproduction, length, and longevity ofDaphnia magna. These results could serve as an alert about the environmental risks of an inadequate waste classification method.