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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Industrialists'
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Roberts, George William. "Industrialists and county society : Glamorgan 1780-1832." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609910.
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Yavuz, Devrim Adam. "Business as usual? : Turkish industrialists, the state and democratization." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=102234.
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There is a debate on the exact relationship between capitalist development and democracy. Some maintain that there is a theoretical and empirical affinity between the two, while others have demonstrated that authoritarian regimes have been as able to accommodate capitalist development. A major part of this debate revolves around the economic elite's political preferences, which in some cases is perceived as championing democracy while in others, especially in cases of late-development, as supporting the rise of authoritarianism or, in the least, benefiting from the deficiencies of limited democracy. The shifting position of this elite therefore begs the following question: Is there an instance under capitalist development that makes democracy more appealing to the business classes?To study this question, I have focused on the case of TUSIAD (Turkish Industrialists' and Businessmen's Association), a voluntary association made up of several hundred members and founded by the owners of the largest Turkish corporations, that has in 1997 published a report on democratization in Turkey which promoted major changes to the Turkish state and its institutions. The topic is of relevance to the above debate by presenting a case where individuals that were previously perceived as benefiting from the deficiencies of Turkish democracy and/or were too shy politically were promoting major changes to political life.
In order to understand the process behind this break and the shifting political attitude of the association's members, I have conducted several expert interviews with key actors from TUSIAD and the business community. I have also included a comparison between the case of TUSIAD and the demands of associations in the similar cases of Argentina, Brazil, Chile and Mexico in order to further test the generalizability of my case study.
My research and the dissertation suggest that changes in the activities of Turkish industry, characterized by economic development and a greater international integration achieved primarily through the European Union, present a new structure of opportunities and constraints for TUSIAD members. The factors that entrepreneurs perceive as being necessary for staying competitive and manage growingly complex enterprises not only make increased democracy more appealing but also create a tension between a segment of business, which is becoming increasingly formal, and a state that has traditionally depended on its informal ties with societies to strengthen its control.
However, my research reveals that these economic changes are not sufficient to constitute a radical break from the state. To understand the case of TUSIAD it should be taken into account that this has been possible because of the economic elite's increasing autonomy (due partly on endogenous changes and the opportunities that internationalization offers) and relationship to the state. Turkish political tradition has enabled the state and governments to isolate themselves from business more than in other cases studied. In fact, states in my comparative cases have tended to grant greater access to business, except for various periods, and as such affected its propensity to mobilize politically. It is therefore the apparent indifference of the Turkish state towards the needs and power of industry that has affected the attitude and ideology of businesspeople, thus leading to a greater break than what the current literature would predict. In outlining this process, the current dissertation therefore contributes to academic debate by outlining the manner in which a positive relationship between the needs of business classes and democracy develops, while maintaining that whether this will lead to a radical break is determined by state tradition.
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Morin, Claude. "Le processus de prise de décision dans l'entreprise manufacturiere beauceronne : le secteur de la construction /." Thèse, Chicoutimi : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 1993. http://theses.uqac.ca.
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Cook, Lorainne Ann. "An examination of the social impact of the Vivians on Swansea, 1809-1894." Thesis, University of Wales Trinity Saint David, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.387941.
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Yung, Ka-wing. "Access to the environmental legislation : do the local manufacturers understand their legal obligations? /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1999. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B21301542.
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Iredale, Norma. "Work-related education in primary schools : a study of industry's attitudes and teacher motivation." Thesis, Durham University, 1999. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/1226/.
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Over the last decade there has been a steady growth of work related initiatives in education which have more latterly involved primary schools. There is, however, no clear evidence as to the impact these have made on teachers working with young children. Casual observation would suggest that work-related education remains peripheral in many primary schools and appears to be fragmented even when visible. The reasons for this are unclear but there are indications that certain pressures upon schools along with particular perspectives of teachers and industrialists have proved influential to the decision This study aims to determine what has motivated certain primary school teachers who are positively biased to embark upon work-related education and to ascertain the factors that have informed their views. It also seeks to discover why these teachers feel this aspect of work is important and what they hope to achieve from the activities in which they engage. At the same time the study enquires into the view of industrialists relating to work-related education in primary schools; explores what efforts are being made in this field; and aims to establish what industrialists hope to achieve. The study reveals that the greatest motivation for teachers involved in this study to engage in workrelated education is to prepare young people for life in a rapidly changing world. A positive link is exhibited between teachers who engage in work-related activities and their personal experience of business or industry. It is also revealed that industry, as represented by some of the large corporations, perceive links with primary schools to be essential. These links are, however, less common than links with secondary schools. A lack of some common understanding between educationalists and industrialists as to the outcomes of such endeavours is also disclosed. These points are discussed and a plan of action is offered.
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Rushforth, Brett H. "The Emergence of Longview, Washington: Indians, Farmers, and Industrialists on the Cowlitz-Columbia Flood Plain." DigitalCommons@USU, 1998. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/7168.
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This thesis examined the relationships among ecology, economy, and society in the history of Longview, Washington, a planned timber settlement on the Columbia and Cowlitz Rivers. It compared the environmental, economic, and social histories of the Cowlitz Indians, American farmers, and urban industrialists that lived there over the past four hundred years.
The central argument of the thesis is that human society cannot separate its economic and social organization from its ecology, nor can it reorder the environment without restructuring its economic and social institutions. Three different groups lived in the same physical space, but since they conceived and used the land differently, their societies developed distinct social and economic frameworks.
The narrative of the thesis is chronological, tracing environmental, economic, and social change from about 1790 to 1934. During that time, humans gradually transformed a flood plain once dominated by vegetation and wildlife into a paved, sculpted, and densely populated industrial city. This study outlines the major causes and consequences of that transformation for both the land and its inhabitants.
A wide range of source material provided the evidence upon which my conclusions were based. In addition to the more conventional historical sources such as diaries, letters, newspapers, memoirs, maps, and census data, I consulted anthropological studies, geological and geographical surveys, ecological reports, agricultural bulletins, and sociological analyses. My findings are presented in Chapters 2 through 5, with chapter 6 summarizing and drawing final conclusions.
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Blomqvist, (Jonsson) Anna. "Food and Fashion : Water Management and Collective Action among Irrigation Farmers and Textile Industrialists in South India." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Tema vatten i natur och samhälle, 1996. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-54550.
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In recent years, much ofthe political debate in the West, East aud South has focused on the decentralization of responsibilities from the state to private enterprises and NGOs. But what potential is there for local communities to create their own govenlance structures able to deal with issues up till recently seen as the responsibility of the state? In this thesis, answer to this question is sought by analyzing two case studies from the semi-arid Coimbatore-region in South India from an institutionai perspective. One case concerns the efforts to involve farmers in irrigation water management in the Lower Bhavani Project, while the other focuses on the pressure on textile industrialists in Tirupur city to collectively treat their polluted effluent water. In both cases, the new distribution ofresponsibilities required that groups ofwater users would succeed in establishing new entities for collective action among themselves strong enough to prevent free-riding on a massive scale. Overcoming three main obstacles proved crucial in this process; meeting coordination costs, re-defining the notion of free-riding among resource users, and meeting motivation costs. Factors both within and outsicte the loeal community affected the degree ofsuccess. The distribution and lise of economic, moral and physical power between various actors and the interconnectedness between local and external institutions proved crucial for the establishrnent oflocal govemance stmctures. Moreover, the historical relation between the respective user group and the state has to a large extent affected the goals and strategies oflocal entities of eolleetive action. Clearly, resource management problems at localleve1 can not be solved by simply decentralizing responsibilities from the state to groups ofresource users. Rather, the state could playan important role by initiating, supporting and directing slich local entities of collective action.
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Sahley, Caroline M. "The political evolution of the industrial bourgeoisie in Peru : industrialists, bankers and the Garcia government, 1985-1990." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1995. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1363/.
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This thesis examines the political evolution of the industrial bourgeoisie in Peru. It argues that the industrial bourgeoisie has been undergoing a rapid and dynamic process of economic development and political formation in the period since the reforms of 1968 which reduced the power of the landed oligarchy. The experience of the Garcia government (1985-1990) is used as a case study to illustrate the changing role of industrialists in the Peruvian development process. The Garcia government, a populist government with reformist tendencies and redistributive objectives, nonetheless attempted to forge an alliance with the industrial bourgeoisie as part of its heterodox economic strategy. This approach was later abandoned, as the government attempted to gain greater autonomy from the bourgeoisie through the expropriation of the financial system. This thesis examines the way in which the industrial bourgeoisie organises itself to intervene in politics, and considers the political and economic factors which acted to stimulate this political development. In this period, industrialists demonstrated an increased ability to forge alliances with other fractions of the bourgeoisie to act collectively in the political sphere; first, through the formation of a confederation of industrial organisations known as CONFIEP, and second, through the successful opposition to the expropriation of the financial system in 1987. This thesis concludes, therefore, that the Garcia government acted as a catalyst for the political development of the industrial bourgeoisie which by 1990 had become a more prominent social and political actor.
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Tate, Jonathan Graham. "Industry, technology and the political economy of empire : Lancashire industrialists and the cotton supply question, c.1850-1910." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2015. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=228009.
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The role of nineteenth-century industrialists in British imperial expansion and governance has been debated for many years. Major recent interpretations, such as Peter Cain and Tony Hopkins's 'gentlemanly capitalism' and Gary Magee and Andrew Thompson's 'cultural economy', have conceived industrialists' involvement mostly in terms of promoting manufactured exports. Industrialists' reliance on imported raw materials has however been comparatively neglected. Using the case of study of raw cotton, nineteenth-century Britain's most valuable industrial commodity import, this thesis revises how we understand the contribution Lancashire industrialists made to the formation of imperial policy. Analysing examples from the formal and informal empire in India, Egypt, and sub-Saharan Africa, it shows that interactions between technology, business lobbying, and ideas of political economy fostered cotton-growing schemes. Fluctuations in the quantity and, significantly, the quality of cotton supplies fostered interest in reforming or creating new supply chains, promoting the formation of business associations, pre-eminently the Cotton Supply Association and the British Cotton Growing Association. These associations lobbied governments to make supply chains more suited to Lancashire technological systems, and led to the promotion of standardised cotton types through the export of European knowledge and skills, the erection of processing machinery and transportation systems, and the regulation of colonial labour. The main argument is that if the focus is shifted to supplies rather than markets, industrialists, directly and indirectly, were often important influences on imperial governance and overseas economic change. While fiscal and financial considerations often provided the framework for government-backed cotton-growing schemes, because cotton was a complex commodity officials had to implement industrialists' advice to create supply chains that would serve these ends. By providing fresh insights for understanding the relationship between supply chains, business mobilisation, and European imperialism, this thesis lays the foundations for further much-needed work on the 'supply-side' economics of global empires.
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Lindner, Rainer. "Unternehmer und Stadt in der Ukraine, 1860-1914 : Industrialisierung und soziale Kommunikation im südlichen Zarenreich /." Konstanz : UVK-Verl.-Ges, 2006. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=015050068&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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Liu, Ping-fai. "The background and motives of Zhang Jian's industrialism Zhang Jian ti chu "mian tie zhu yi" de dong ji ji bei jing fen xi /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 1997. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31951430.
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Vargas-Carcamo, Allen Hugo. "Export market selection process by small- and medium-sized mid-western export manufacturers of industrial goods." The Ohio State University, 1986. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1261483505.
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Billeter, Geneviève. "Le pouvoir patronal les patrons des grandes entreprises suisses des métaux et des machines, 1919-1939 /." Genève : Droz, 1985. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/14167330.html.
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Münzel, Martin. "Die jüdischen Mitglieder der deutschen Wirtschaftselite 1927-1955 Verdrängung - Emigration - Rückkehr /." Paderborn : Schöningh, 2006. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/70779071.html.
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Liu, Ping-fai, and 廖炳輝. "The background and motives of Zhang Jian'sindustrialism." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1997. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31951430.
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Dubrana, Eric. "Situation épidémiologique de la rougeole dans les pays industrialisés : à l'échelle régionale, le réseau sentinelle aquitain." Bordeaux 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991BOR2M026.
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Yung, Ka-wing, and 容嘉榮. "Access to the environmental legislation: do the local manufacturers understand their legal obligations?" Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31254469.
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Kuner, Janosch O. A. "The war crimes trial against German Industrialist Friedrich Flick et al - a legal analysis and critical evaluation." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2010. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_1823_1363782732.
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This research paper is an analysis of the case United States v Flick et al which took place in 1947 in Nuremberg, Germany. Friedrich Flick, a powerful German industrialist, and several high ranking officials of his firm were tried by a United States military tribunal for war crimes and crimes against humanity committed during the Third Reich. The
proceedings and the decision itself are the subject of a critical examination, including an investigation of the factual and legal background. The trial will be regarded in the historical context of prosecutions against German industrialists after World War II. Seen from present-day perspective, the question will be raised whether any conclusions can be drawn from the Flick case in respect of the substance of present-day international criminal law.
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Jacková, Zuzana. "Architektonická a pamiatková hodnota víl továrnikov aplikovaná na sídla zakladateľov cukrovarov na Morave a v Sliezsku." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta architektury, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-233228.
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The Ph. D. Thesis deals with architectural and monumental values of factory owners residences. It introduces the position and the whole development of the socioeconomic situation on the territory of Moravia and Silesia since 18th century until 90`s years of 20th century, also development of situation at sugar industry as a whole. Pays the attention to manners and forms of foundation - sugar mills and its owners seats. Briefly informs on the development of technologies and work at sugar factory. Analyses the problems of downfall and transformation owners seats and areas itself from 19th century until the present time. Presents the possibilities of their transformation and reutilisation. Intends over possible access to protection of them following our valid legislative and international charters.
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Harwood, Craig Sean. "A psychobiographical study of Sybrand Gerhardus(Brand)Pretorius." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/7567.
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The South African businessman, Brand Pretorius, was born in the rural Orange Free State town of Steynsrus in 1953. Pretorius rose to prominence in the motor industry in South Africa and he retired in 2011 as Chairman of McCarthy Motor Holdings Limited the largest motor retailer in South Africa. Pretorius was selected for this psychobiographical study by means of purposive sampling, given his extraordinary business achievements. Pretorius is publicly recognised as one of South Africa’s most successful businessmen and leaders. Psychobiographical research typically takes into consideration the entire life of an individual with the aim of uncovering the story of an individual’s life through the lens of a particular theory. The aim of this study was to explore and describe the leadership development of Brand Pretorius juxtaposed against the model of authentic leadership proposed by Avolio and Luthans (2003). The life history of Brand Pretorius was studied using a qualitative single-case study design. The psychobiographical research method allowed the single-case to be studied spanning his entire career. Data was collected from both primary and secondary sources. Conceptual matrices were used to organise and integrate the findings against the model of authentic leadership. The use of multiple data sources increased the validity and reliability of the research process and findings. To ensure ethical integrity the researcher obtained informed consent from Pretorius. The findings of this research study indicate that Pretorius was able to successfully display the authentic leadership dimensions of self-awareness, internalised moral perspective, balanced processing, relational transparency and positive psychological capacities throughout the course of his career.
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AraÃjo, Leo Natanael de Jesus. "ImpressÃes e lutas dos trabalhadores grÃficos de Fortaleza (1970 a 2000)." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2014. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=12552.
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CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel SuperiorA produÃÃo industrial da palavra impressa passou por transformaÃÃes tecnolÃgicas que culminaram na extinÃÃo dos tradicionais ofÃcios da tipografia e linotipia. Para compreender esses modos de fazer, sentir e representar a palavra impressa recorreu-se à oralidade de tipÃgrafos e linotipistas atravÃs de seus depoimentos. As narrativas dos novos profissionais impressores e fotocompositores da tecnologia offset proporcionam a problematizaÃÃo dos limites e possibilidades à luta operÃria contra a exploraÃÃo capitalista, colocados por esse novo mundo do trabalho na indÃstria grÃfica de Fortaleza. As mÃltiplas temporalidades trabalhadas por suas memÃrias representam as experiÃncias desses trabalhadores na luta contra a subordinaÃÃo do trabalho a uma lÃgica do industrialismo capitalista. AlÃm das fontes orais, o corpus documental à composto por fontes sindicais (atas, panfletos, jornais), relatÃrios e pesquisas industriais da FIEC e do SENAI, fotografias, imagens e obras especializadas em produÃÃo grÃfica. A anÃlise sustentou-se sobre as contribuiÃÃes teÃricas da HistÃria Social do Trabalho (principalmente E.P. Thompson), a HistÃria Oral de Alessandro Portelli e a crÃtica ao industrialismo de Kirkpatrick Sale, alÃm de uma gama de outros autores.
Industrial production of the printed word has undergone technological changes that culminated in the demise of the traditional crafts of typography and linotype. To understand these modes do, feel and represent the printed word appealed to the orality of compositors and typesetters through their testimonials. The narratives of the new printers and professional offset phototypesetting technology provide the questioning of the limits and possibilities of working-class struggle against capitalist exploitation, posed by this new world of work in the printing industry of Fortaleza. Multiple temporalities worked by his memories represent the experiences of these workers in the struggle against the subordination of labor to a capitalist logic of industrialism. Apart from oral sources, the documentary corpus is composed by union sources (meeting minutes, pamphlets, newspapers), reports and industry surveys of FIEC and SENAI, photographs, images, and specialized works in graphic production. The analysis was sustained on the theoretical contributions of the Social History of Labour (mainly EP Thompson), the Oral History Alessandro Portelli and the critique of industrialism Kirkpatrick Sale, plus a host of other authors.
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Silva, Ulisses Rubio Urbano da 1984. "De Campos-Bulhões a Delfim : posição dos industriais diante da política econômica." [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/286159.
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Orientador: Ligia Maria Osório SilvaDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-24T06:17:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silva_UlissesRubioUrbanoda_M.pdf: 1425743 bytes, checksum: d4d8fb2f4e195781d9818706969fd840 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013
Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar a posição dos industriais perante a política econômica do período 1964-1973, bem como discutir o modo pelo qual influenciaram o governo no sentido de atender as suas reivindicações. Para o entendimento das motivações políticas que levaram à adoção das diretrizes econômicas do período fez-se necessário abordar os principais temas em debate no pré-1964. Através da bibliografia consagrada estudamos a política econômica adotada no período e para delinear o comportamento dos industriais perante essa política consultamos as revistas publicadas por instituições representativas dos industriais. Procuramos demonstrar que as diretrizes da política econômica que modelaram o desenvolvimento econômico brasileiro durante o regime militar foram decididas através do golpe de 1964, no entanto ainda houve espaço para que insatisfações de parte do empresariado industrial fossem levadas em consideração
Abstract: The goal of this work is to analyze the industrial position in regard to the economic policy of the 1964-1973 period and to discuss how the government responded to their demands. To understand the political motivations underneath the adoption of certain economic policies it was necessary to approach the key issues discussed in the period pre-1964. Our research was based on the pertinent literature and the documents issued by the industrial institutions. We intend to argue that the guidelines of the economic policy which shaped the Brazilian economic development during the military regime were defined by means of 1964 coup; however there was room for compromise between the policymakers of the government and the industrialists in regard to their claims
Mestrado
Historia Economica
Mestre em Desenvolvimento Econômico
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Jansson, Gustav. "Industrialised housing design efficiency." Licentiate thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Byggkonstruktion och -produktion, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-25688.
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Industrialised housing has increased its Swedish market share the latest ten years from 2% to 15%. Prefabrication has developed into actual industrialisation, where factories produce not only elements for site assembly, but takes wholesale responsibility for the sales, design, factory production, and assembly of houses. A higher automation in housing production puts demands on the design department to become more efficient. Design is identified as a bottleneck to further increase the production rate. Information deliveries are not produced in the needed rate. With the change from drafting to modelling in building design, opportunities are given to work simultaneously for better efficiency. The focus on BIM-supported CAD-tools has lead ICT-developers to create systems that mainly support product modelling. But, in industrialised housing, support for process efficiency is just as important.In a case study at a Swedish industrialised housing company, during a three year period, interviews, observations and design activities at the company were recorded to study what components and functionality in the design support create business value. The results show that by defining design in stages with gates, by parallel planning of activities, and by using process visualisation methods, the efficiency increased about 41 % in information deliveries. Furthermore, the use of support systems has to create both internal value for efficiency in information deliveries and external value to meet and handle client requirements in a standardised way. By releasing time from project management activities to improvements and product development the focus on the product could increase. Product development theories with axiomatic design as the foundation for a support system combines product structures with BIM functionality and process support for planning, which secures quality between disciplines in a concurrent approach. Product life cycle management (PLM) is an umbrella that manages product development in a life-cycle perspective trough a defined framework that is applicable to industrialised housing design, both for software developers and industrialised builders.Industriellt byggande har de senaste tio åren ökat sina marknadsandelar från 2% till 15% på den svenska bostadsmarknaden för flerfamiljshus. Prefabricering har utvecklats till industrialisering, där fabriker inte bara producerar komponenter för montering på byggplats, utan tar även helhetsansvar för försäljning, konstruktion, i fabrik och för montering av bostäder. Utvecklingen av en mer automatiserad produktion ställer högre krav på projekteringen. Som en definierad flaskhals måste tid frigöras från koordinering till kärnverksamhet för att skapa förbättringar och tillåta produktutveckling. Med förändringen från ritningsbaserad till modellbaserad byggprojektering, ges möjligheten att arbeta samtidigt för bättre effektivitet. Fokuseringen på BIM-stöd med CAD-verktyg har lett till att utvecklare skapar system som i huvudsak stödjer produktmodellering. För industriellt bostadsbyggande, är stöd för effektivitet i projekteringsprocessen lika viktig. Empiri har samlats genom intervjuer, observationer och dokumenterade aktiviteter i en fallstudie hos en svensk industriell bostadsbyggare för att analysera vilka komponenter och funktioner som ett stödsystem för projektering behöver för att skapa värde för företagen. Resultaten visar att en definition av projektering i steg med gater, aktiviteter för samplanering och användandet av metoder för att visualisera processen har ökat effektiviteten med omkring 41 % för informationsleveranser. Dessutom visar studien att stödsystem bör kunna skapa både internt värde för effektiva informationsleveranser och yttre värde för att möta och hantera kunders krav på ett standardiserat sätt. Ett stödsystem, baserat på produktutvecklingsteorier med axiomatisk design som grund, kan kombinera både produktstruktur med BIM- funktioner och processrelaterade funktioner för planering och därmed säkra kvaliteten mellan discipliner för samverkande arbete. Product life cycle management (PLM) är ett övergripande koncept för hantering av produktutveckling i ett livscykelperspektiv, vilket har ett definierat regelverk som är applicerbart på industriell byggprojektering, både för utvecklare av IT-system och för industriella husbyggare.
Godkänd; 2010; 20100914 (gusjan); LICENTIATSEMINARIUM Ämnesområde: Träbyggnad/Timber Structures Examinator: Docent lektor Helena Johnsson, Luleå tekniska universitet Diskutant: Tekn. Lic. Jerker Lessing, Tyréns, Malmö Tid: Onsdag den 20 oktober 2010 kl 10.00 Plats: F1031, Luleå tekniska universitet
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Juguet, Franck. "De l'imaginaire industrialiste à l'imaginaire cybernétique." Thesis, Perpignan, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PERP0005.
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Cette étude a pour but d’essayer de comprendre les nouvelles formes de régulation sociale qui consiste à évacuer la conflictualité au profit d’une tentative de normalisation du champ politique par la cybernétique. Pour ce faire, notre travail développe un modèle théorique qui croise la théorie du management comme tentative de neutralisation du politique avec ses nouvelles formes d’expression appelées « Gouvernance ». Les techniques managériales contemporaines sont la mise en œuvre de présupposés théoriques élaborés dans l’immédiat après-guerre avec la naissance de la cybernétique. Ce nouveau paradigme fait que le politique est désormais cantonné à la recherche de l’efficacité et de la performance. Toutefois, cette prétendue neutralisation opérationnelle et la culture du résultat qui lui est associé se révèle être une manière de décrédibiliser le nécessaire affrontement idéologique qui est le cœur battant de la vie démocratique. C’est ainsi que l’on peut observer depuis quelques années déjà, les signes d’une fragilisation du monde démocratique. La hausse de l’abstention, l’installation d’un puissant vote protestataire et la crise des partis de gouvernement en sont les signes les plus remarquables. A des degrés divers, la défiance à l’égard des institutions et des acteurs politiques est commune à la plupart des démocraties, y compris là où le régime démocratique semblait le plus solidement enraciné. Dès lors, on ne peut plus penser le politique selon une norme unique, propre à l’Occidentalisation du monde. Que la conflictualité sociale traduise un désaccord profond entre le pouvoir qui est devenu totalement étranger à la vie réelle et la puissance populaire qui ne se reconnaît plus dans ses élites, rend d’autant plus pertinente une approche centrée sur la cybernétiqueThis study aims to understand the new forms of social regulation that, in hampering any forms of conflictuality, tend to the normalization of the political field through cybernetics. In this respect, our dissertation develops a theoretical template at the crossroads of management theory as an attempt to neutralize politics and new forms of expression called « Governance ». Contemporary managerial techniques are the implementation of theoretical assumptions developed in the immediate post-war period with the birth of cybernetics. This new paradigm means that policy is now limited to the pursuit of efficiency and performance. However, this de-ideologisation and the culture of the results prove to be a discredit of the necessary ideolological confrontation which is at the very heart of the democratic life. This is why many signs of the weakening of democracy are to be seen in the recent years. The rise of abstention, an enduring populist vote and the crisis of the governmental parties are the most obvious ones. To different degrees, the distrust of the political institutions and actors is shared by all the democracies, even by those where the democratic system seemed to be very firmly rooted. Accordingly, politics cannot be regarded in one perspective, in line with the Westernization of the world. Social conflictuality shows a large gap between the political power that is not anymore related to real life and the popular power that no longer recognizes itself in its elites, and it makes an approach centered on cybernetics all the more relevant
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Jansson, Gustav. "Platforms in industrialised house-building." Doctoral thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Byggkonstruktion och -produktion, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-18777.
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Demands for shorter lead times, customized buildings and high quality deliveries drive house-building firms to systematise work in their supply chains. A practice of reusing processes and technical solutions leads to the formation of platforms in industrialised house-building. Product platforms originate from industries employing a make-to-order strategy, where platforms are used to achieve efficient design and product development work. The house-building design phase, integrated in an engineer-to-order supply chain, has been identified as crucial for achieving an efficient production. In the design phase, design work combines platform predefinitions with project requirements. The aim of this thesis is to describe how house-building platforms are systematised, as well as propose a framework for the use and development of platforms over time.To expand the knowledge development and use of platforms in house-building design, case studies were conducted that collected data from interviews and observations as well as using archival data at two different companies. One was a Swedish industrialised house-building company, with many levels of platform predefinitions that use off-site production; the other was a Swedish company using several platforms employing industrialised methods for on-site production. The design work of over sixty building projects has been studied through following project managers, engineers and platform developers in their day-to-day work. The use in projects of predefinitions of functional requirements, components, processes and relationships has been compared and contrasted using platform and engineering design theories.The result of this research shows that, in an engineer-to-order production strategy, creative and systematic designs are combined. This combination is needed to create product uniqueness and thus it is important to understand and maintain the balance between commonality and distinctiveness within the platforms used in housebuilding projects. Continuously changing demands in construction hinder a fully predefined platform. Long cycle times in house-building demand a continuous flow of knowledge between platform and day-today work in projects. Hence, platform versions and product variants often become non-functional in an engineer-to-order supply chain, so methods to support the knowledge flow become necessary. The research findings show that design work, integrated into the supply chain of house-building, is a source of experience feedback for platformdevelopment.The conclusion is that a movement towards mass customization in house-building is possible using the product platform concept, if the platform is applied to projects using support methods with experience being continuously fed back to the platform from house-building projects. However, there is a risk that use of predefinition in platforms is made without considering the consequences. The reuse of predefined processes could limit innovation capability, increase the risk for imitation and organisational inertia. Too great a restriction of components in the house-building platform could limit the product offer and narrow the market segment. The study also shows that predefinitions might lead to an unbalanced focus on buildability instead of client satisfaction.Krav på kortare ledtider, kundanpassat byggande och hög kvalitet på leveranser tvingar byggföretagen att systematisera arbetet i sina produktionsled. Genom att återanvända processer och tekniska lösningar kan det dagliga arbetet utvecklas inom plattformar för industriellt bostadsbyggande. Produktplattformar med syfte att stödja effektiv design och produktutveckling baseras på strategier för tillverka mot order produktion. Projekteringsfasen, som en integrerad del avbostadsbyggandets produktionskedja, har identifierats som avgörande för att erhålla en effektiv produktion. I projekteringsfasen kombineras fördefinitioner från plattformen med projektets krav. Syftet med denna avhandling är att beskriva hur bostadsplattformar kan systematiseras, och föreslå ett ramverk för användning och utveckling av plattformar över tid.För att fördjupa kunskapen om hur plattformar används och utvecklas i bostadsprojektering har fallstudier genomförts genom insamling av data via intervjuer, observationer och arkiv hos två olika företag. Ett svenskt industriellt bostadsbyggande företag med hög grad av fördefinering för prefabricerad produktion. Det andra företaget använder flera plattformar och industrialiserade metoder för platsbyggande produktion. Projekteringsarbete har studerats i över sextio bostadsprojekt genom att följa projektledare, ingenjörer och plattformsutvecklare i deras dagliga arbete. Användandet av fördefinierade funktionskrav, komponenter, processer och relationer har analyserats mot plattforms och designteorier.Forskningsresultatet visar att kreativt och systematiskt arbete kombineras i en konstruera-mot-order kontext. Kombinationen är nödvändig för produktens unikitet, och därför är balansen mellan repetition och variation viktigt för förståelse om och andvändande av plattformar i husbyggnadsprojekt. Ständigt föränderliga krav inom byggandet hindrar en fullt fördefinierad plattform. Långa cykeltider i bostadsbyggandet ställer krav på ett kontinuerligt flöde av kunskap mellan plattform och det dagliga arbetet inom byggprojekten. Plattformsversioner och produktvarianter blir ofta icke-funktionella i en konstruera-mot-order kontext, metoder behövs därför för att stödja flödet. Forskningsresultaten visar på att projekteringsarbete, integrerat i bostadsbyggandets leveranskedja, är en källa för erfarenhetsåterföring i utveckling av en plattform.Slutsatserna visar att en förändring mot effektivt kundanpassat bostadsbyggandet är möjlig om plattformar används tillämpade i projekt med stödjande metoder och kontinuerlig erfarenhetsåterföring från byggprojekten till plattformen. Däremot, finns det en risk att plattformar fördefinieras utan att reflektera över konsekvenserna. Användning av fördefinierade processer skulle kunna begränsa innovationsförmågan, öka risken för imitation och skapa förändringsmotstånd inom organisationer. Detaljering av komponenter i en bostadsplattform kan begränsa produktutbudet och minska marknadssegmentet. Studien visar också att fördefinitioner kan leda till obalanserad fokusering på byggbarhet istället för funktionalitet för kunden.
Godkänd; 2013; 20131003 (gusjan); Tillkännagivande disputation 2013-10-29 Nedanstående person kommer att disputera för avläggande av teknologie doktorsexamen. Namn: Gustav Jansson Ämne: Träbyggnad/Timber Structure Avhandling: Platforms in Industrialised House-Building Opponent: Professor Brian Atkin, Project Management Academy, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australien Ordförande: Docent Helena Johnsson, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Luleå tekniska universitet Tid: Torsdag den 21 november 2013, kl 10.00 Plats: F531, Luleå tekniska universitet
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Kim, Sung-Min. "L'internationalisation des marchés boursiers des nouveaux pays industrialisés." Nice, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992NICE0026.
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Notre etude traite de l'evolution de l'internationalization des marches boursiers de quatre nouveaux pays industrialises (npi) (la coree, taiwan, le mexique et le bresil) notre etude analyse la politique de chacun de ces quatre npi en ce qui concerne l'internationalisation de son marche financier et explore les raisons pour lesquelles ces pays procedent a l'ouverture de leurs bourses aux etrangers. Cette these examine les problemes provenant de l'ouverture du marche financier national aux etrangers et suggere lmes mesures qui pourraient conforter la liberalisation des marches financiers des npi concernes. Par ailleurs, notre recherche presente une etude empirique sur les effets de la diversification internationale de portefeuilles dans les bourses des npi. Ce travail est compose de trois parties. La premiere partie presebte l'evolution et la structure de chacune des bourses de quatre npi depuis leur creation ainsi que l'analyse de la nature de la liberation des mouvements de capitaux. Cette partie a pour but de donner les bases theoriques necessaires a l'etude des marches boursiers des quatre npi concernes et de l'internationalisation des marches boursiers de ces pays, la deuxieme partie analyse le,processus d'internationalisation du marche boursier de chacun des quatre npi et examine les effets de la diversification internationale de portefeuilles dans les bourses des npi. La troisieme partie suggere les mesures visant a resoudre les problemes provenant de l'ouverture des marches financiers des npi aux etrangers, avant de proceder a une liberalisation totale de ces marcheThis study focuses on the evolution of internationalization of the securities markets in four newly industrializing countries (nics) (korea, taiwan, mexico and brazil). This study analyses each government's policy in these four nics) with regard to the internationalization of the capital market and explores the reason why these countries opened their capital markets. It also examines problemes encountered ind opening nic's capital markets to foreign participation and suggests the methods which make it possible to accommodate the liberalization of capital markets. Furthermore, this study presents an empirical study on the effects of the portfolio diversification in nic's capital markets. This study is divided into three parts. They are follows : part 1 describes the evolution and the structure of each nic's securities markets since their creation and analyzes concepts of the liberalization of capital movements and its effects and problems. This part gives a theorical background about the nic's securities markets and its internationalization. Part 2 analyzes the process of internationalization of the capital market in each four nics and examines the effects of international portforlio diversification in nic's capital markets. Part 3 suggests the methods to cope with problems enountered in opening nic's capital market to foreign participation before the nics can open their market completely
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Sarrouy, Olivier. "Faire foule : organisation, communication et (dé)subjectivation à l'ère hyperindustrielle." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REN20043/document.
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Cette thèse vise à examiner les formes de l'action collective et de l'être-avec tendanciellement imposées par l'hégémonie du crowdsourcing. La notion de crowdsourcing désigne l'appropriation des mécanismes collaboratifs du web 2.0 par des secteurs d'activité originellement étrangers à son influence : design de vêtements, conceptionde biens durables, ingénierie de véhicules, challenges sociaux, etc. Tandis que la plupart des travaux se penchant sur ce phénomène se tient au dedans d'un cadre conceptuel emprunté à l'économie politique, cette recherche s'efforce plutôt d'examiner la spécificité des régimes organisationnels et interactionnels propres à cesplateformes : ce sont ainsi les processus de subjectivation individuelle et collective qu'informent ces dispositifs qui suscitent ici l'intérêt de la recherche.Cette réflexion s'articule autour de cinq axes d’analyse distincts. Un axe économique d’abord, visant à re-situer l’actuelle hégémonie de ces dispositifs au plus près des dynamiques de long terme du capital. Un axe organisationnel ensuite, examinant l’inclination de ces plateformes à suspendre la félicité de l’action collective à la fluidité, la multiplicité et l’hétérogénéité des contributions qu’elles coordonnent. Un axe technique encore, s’efforçant d’analyser les procédés équipant cette coordination depuis la condition de fluidité, de multiplicité etd’hétérogénéité que lui assignent ces dispositifs. Un axe interactionnel ensuite, analysant les agencements d’énonciation ainsi articulés par ces procédés techniques et impersonnels de coordination. Un axe existential enfin, visant à examiner les processus de (dé)subjectivation individuelle et collective auxquels ces agencements exposent leurs utilisateurs.Chacun de ces axes est ainsi construit autour d’une analyse ethnographique sérielle de différents dispositifs - notamment Yelp, TripAdvisor, OpenIDEO, Local Motors et Quirky - visant à dissoudre les spécificités propres àchacune de ces plateformes dans la dispersion des schèmes - organisationnels, techniques, interactionnels, énonciatifs, existentiaux - qui s’y répètentThe aim of this thesis is to examine the underlying forms of collective action and beingwith imposed by the hegemony of crowdsourcing. The concept of crowdsourcing refers to the appropriation of collaborative mechanisms of Web 2.0 by industries that are originally outside it’s influence: fashion design, conception ofdurable goods, automotive engineering, social challenges, etc. While most studies addressing this phenomenon draw their conceptual framework from the domain of political economy, this thesis will on the contrary endeavour to study the particularities of the organizational and interactional regimes specific to crowdsourcing platforms. It is thus the processes of individual and collective subjectivation that are given form by these platforms that arouse interest for such research.This study is articulated around five distinct lines of research. The first line is economic; the goal is to situate the present dominance of crowdsourcing apparatuses in close relation to the long term dynamic of capital. The second line is organizational; it aims to examine the inclination of such platforms to condition the felicity of collective action by the fluidity, the multiplicity and the heterogeneity of the contributions they coordinate. The third line is technical; it seeks to analyse the processes that enables coordination under the condition of fluidity, multiplicity and heterogeneity that are allotted to these platforms. The fourth line is interactional, it analyses the assemblages of enunciation that are articulated by these technical and impersonal processes of absencecoordination. The fifth and final line is existential, it will examine the individual and collective (de)subjectivation processes to which these assemblages expose their users.Each of these research lines is developed on a serial ethnographic analysis of various platforms - namely Yelp, TripAdvisor, OpenIDEO, Local Motors and Quirky - in order to break down the specificities of each of these platforms into the repetition of organizational, technical, interactional, enunciative and existential patterns
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Pastuhoff, Mathias. "Industrialism suddas ut... : vad händer sen?" Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för fysisk planering, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-1025.
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Tosello, Cédric. "Analyse comparative de la création monétaire dans plusieurs pays industrialisés (France , Grande-Bretagne, Etats-Unis) : justification des politiques monétaires de lutte contre l'inflation par le contrôle de la création monétaire." Nice, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NICE0053.
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L'étude de la création monétaire permet de juger de l'efficacité des actions monétaires menées par les Banques centrales cette dernière décennie. Celles-ci se sont tournées vers des politiques de lutte contre l'inflation essentiellement basées sur le contrôle de la masse monétaire, supposées permettre la reprise d'une croissance forte et durable. Sur la base d'une analyse comparative entre la France, la Grande-Bretagne et les Etats-Unis, nous testerons la pertinence de ces objectifs en cherchant quels sont les instruments à la disposition des autorités monétaires pour contrôler la création monétaire et si elles disposent d'un tel pouvoir de contrôle. Par ailleurs, la validité de l'objectif intermédiaire de contrôle monétaire repose sur une relation entre monnaie et prix qu'il faudra mettre en évidence. Enfin, la stabilité des prix voulue par l'objectif final suffit-elle à garantir une croissance soutenue ?Studying the monetary creation allows to judge the efficiency of the monetary actions led by the Central Banks during this last decade. These have chosen to conduct policies aiming at price stability essentially through the control of the money supply in order to guarantee a steady and durable growth. Through a three case study (France, Great-Britain, United-States), the relevance of these objectives will be tested by identifying which instruments are at the monetary authorities' disposal to control the monetary creation and if they hold such a power. Besides, the validity of the monetary aggregates intermediate target is based on a relationship between money and prices which will be necessary to enlighten. Finally, is the price stability set by the final goal enough to ensure a sustained growth ?
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De, Filippis Vittorio. "L'investissement direct étranger : multinationalisation dans les nouveaux pays industrialisés." Paris 13, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA131014.
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Depuis le milieu des annees 1980, l'investissement direct etranger a connu une formidable croissance mondiale. Dans les pays du centre, comme dans les novueaux pays industrialises, l'investissement direct etranger est aujourd'hui considere comme un enjeu majeur de la politique economique. Pourtant, la croissance annuelle des flux d'investissements directs etrangers est en moyenne plus forte dans les pays du centre que dans le reste du monde. Cette tendance semble refleter l a recherche d'un nouveau paradigme industriel dans les firmes multinationalesSince the mid 80's, the foreign direct investment has shown a tremendous worldwide development. In industrialized countries as well as in new industrialized countries, the foreign direct investment is considered today as a major stake in economical policy. Howewer, foreign direct investment flows growth. T his tendency seems to reflect the search for a new industrial paradigm in multinational firms
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McLafferty, Kevin. "Operational efficiency of industrialised information processing systems." Thesis, Cardiff Metropolitan University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10369/8253.
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The British economy has always been a trading nation in terms of goods and more recently services. At the heart of the nation and international trading is London, the hub of a global financial empire that unites the globe on a 24-hour basis. Vast revenues are generated by commercial and investment banking institutions, yet research in this sector has been comparatively low. Management researchers have instead gravitated towards the ‘back office’ operations of high street banks or general insurance company call centres (Seddon, 2008). Research has focused on repetitive clerical activities for customers, and how these businesses suffer from ‘failure demand’ and/or ‘demand amplification’ (Forrester 1961) created when a customer is forced to re-establish contact with a call centre to have their issue/concerns reworked (when it should have been ‘right first time’). Modern commercial and investment banks do not share the repetitive and relatively predictable transactions of call centres and instead, represent extreme operations management cases. The workload placed upon commercial and investment banking systems is incredibly high volume, high value and high variety in terms of what clients’ demand and how ‘the product’ (trades) is executed. At this period in time, the financial collapse of 2008 is still shaping working practices due punitive regulatory environment. Many UK banks are now part-owned by the government, there is social and political pressure to stimulate improvement in banking operations which – it is thought – will herald the return of the banks back to private ownership. This thesis addresses the flow of global “trades” through the operations office and explores how the design and fit of the sociotechnical environment provides effective and efficient trade flow performance. The key research questions emerging from the literature review establishing the gap in knowledge are 1) How efficient are commercial and investment banking trading processing systems? And 2) What are the enablers and inhibitors of efficient and high performance of industrialised processing systems? xviii To answer these questions, the researcher undertook an in-depth and longitudinal case study whilst at a British bank that was ‘benchmarked’ as underperforming against its peers (MGT Report1, 2011). The case study strategy was executed using an action research and reflective learning approach (cycles of research) to explore the performance and improvement of banking operations management performance. The findings show that, using systems feedback, the management at the bank were able to develop into a “learning organisation” (Senge 1990) and improve and enhances the flow of work through the system. The study has resulted in significant gains for the case study and a new model of Rolled Throughput Yield is presented that rests on the key concept of “Information Fidelity”. This work marks a contribution to the operations management body of knowledge by exploring “flow” under conditions of high volume and high variety and from within the under-researched context of commercial and investment banking. 1 “MGT” is an anonymised commercial and investment banking industry report into operational efficiency and cost performance. The report was commissioned by the participant banks and conducted by “MGT Consultants” and is considered highly confidential. The researcher was given a copy of the report while working with the case, forming as the catalyst for the research into operational performance. The researcher was unable to receive “MGT Consultants” agreement to ‘directly’ cite the report as part of this study.
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Intertaglia, Caroline. "Les théories modernes de l'inflation : essai d'analyse comparative à quelques pays développés." Nice, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001NICE0042.
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Notre travail porte sur la place primordiale qu'occupe le contrôle de l'inflation dans la politique monétaire même si à l'heure actuelle l'inflation ne représente plus un dysfonctionnement majeur. Dans la première partie nous passerons en revue les différentes théories macroéconomiques des économistes keynésiens, monétaristes et nouveaux keynésiens. La seconde partie traitera de la théorie macroéconomique des post-keynésiens et de la nécessité du contrôle de l'inflation. La troisième partie, avec des données à l'appui pour l'Allemagne, la France, les Etats-Unis, la Grande-Bretagne et le Japon, nous permet de valider le concept post-keynésien de l'inflation basée sur la dictature du système financier et l'importance des anticipations. Notre travail nous permet de souligner la place centrale qu'occupe la monnaie et la complexité des règles du jeu économiques de la finance libéralisée. Nous pouvons conclure que l'inflation vient du système financier car l'impulsion de la spirale salaire prix ne vient pas du marché du travail mais du marché du créditThe present work focuses on the ongoing importance of inflation control in contemporary monetary policy despite the current environment of stable inflation rates. The first part of this work reviews the disparate macroeconomic theories of keynesians, monetarists and new keynesians. The second part examines post-keynesian macroeconomic theory and its imperative for inflation control. The third part validates the post-keynesian concept of inflation resultant of the financial system's "dictatorship" and the paramountcy of expectations. This is achieved through the use of data from Germany, France, the United States, Great Britain and Japan. This works underlines the central importance of money and the complexity of liberalized finance. We conclude that inflation stems from the financial system as what drives the wages prices spiral is not the labor market but the credit market
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Ali, Yousof. "Les investissements gouvernementaux koweitiens dans les pays industrialisés : aspects juridiques." Paris 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA020127.
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Les investissements gouvernementaux koweitiens a l'etranger constituent un cas original. Leur importance est liee a leur volume qui a ete estime en 1990 a 97 milliards de dollars. Largement mediatises et etudies sur le plane economique, ils n'ont jamais fait l'objet d'etude juridique approfondie. Or, a ce point de vue, leur particularite est marquee. D'une part, les fonds investis sont d'origine publique et les investisseurs qui les gerent sont des personnes publiques. Le cadre juridique de ces investissements doit etre analyse (premiere partie). Le cadre juridique interne est compose de trois elements : les sources des investissements, les investisseurs et le controle des investissements. Le cadre juridique interne est compose de trois elements : les sources des investissements, les investisseurs et le controle des investissements. Le cadre juridique international est constitue tant des conventions conclues par le koweit en matiere d'investissements que des politiques d'investissement des etats d'accueil (etats-unis, grand-bretagne, france). D'autre part, ces investissements, dont l'origine est un pays du tiers-monde, sont implantes principalement dans les pays industrialises. Ce rapport represente le cas inverse des relations d'investissement nord-sud. Ces investissements, tout en disposant de la securite economique du systeme capitaliste ne sont pas pour autant a l'abri de certains problemes notamment de caractere politque. La question qui se pose est de savoir quelles sont les garanties internationa les dont beneficient les investissements gouvernementaux koweitiens (deuxieme partie). Il s'agit, en premier lieu, des regles de traitement et de protection et, en second lieu, des regles de contentieux en droit international commun et conventionnel.
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Cardebat, Jean-Marie. "Commerce Nord-Sud et inégalités salariales dans les pays industrialisés." Bordeaux 4, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR40008.
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Nous expliquons et demontrons le role du commerce nord-sud dans l'evolution des inegalites salariales entre travailleurs qualifies et travailleurs non qualifies depuis deux decennies dans les pays industrialises. La demarche est progressive et comprend egalement l'analyse du role du progres technique. Elle est basee sur l'evolution de la modelisation du role de la firme dans la theorie du commerce international. Dans le premier temps de l'analyse, nous montrons que l'approche traditionnelle sousestime le role des echanges (modele hos, methode du contenu en facteurs du commerce). Le cadre d'hypotheses est trop restrictif. La firme est modelisee comme totalement passive. Elle n'a aucun pouvoir de marche, aucun choix de comportement en fonction de l'evolution de son environnement concurrentiel. Dans un deuxieme temps, nous introduisons les apports de la nouvelle theorie du commerce international et les imperfections sur le marche du travail. La firme, comme les travailleurs, ont alors un pouvoir de marche. Les resultats traditionnels sont modifies et l'impact inegalitaire du commerce peut etre fort selon les secteurs. Dans le troisieme temps, nous montrons que les firmes reagissent ala concurrence du sud. L'apport de l'economie industrielle est ici primordial. Nous envisageons alors dans un quatrieme temps que les firmes sont explicitement actives et pas seulement dans la fixation du prix des biens : elles choisissent leur mode de production (technologie), leur lieu de production, le degre de differenciation des biens, en fonction de la concurrence imposee par les pays a bassalaires. Les choix realises induisent des inegalites supplementaires. Ce dernier resultat novateur repose a la fois sur des demonstrations en equilibre general calculable et un travail d'enquete aupres de firmes francaises. Au total, nous estimons que l'impact inegalitaire du commerce nord-sud est fort. Il justifierait environ la moitie de la montee des inegalites dans les pays developpes.
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Prat, Stéphanie. "La théorie du péché originel et les déséquilibres en devises des économies émergentes." Bordeaux 4, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BOR40027.
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Le péché originel a été énoncé comme l'un des fondements des modèles de crises de change de troisième génération à la fin des années 1990. L'objectif de notre travail est de montrer que cette théorie n'est pas réellement pertinente pour évaluer la vulnérabilité des économies émergentes à une variation de leur taux de change. Pour cela nous évaluons dans un premier temps les apports et les limites de cette théorie. Dans un deuxième temps, nous effectuons grâce à la construction de nouveaux indicateurs, une analyse quantitative des déséquilibres en devises dans les économies émergentes avant de montrer l'importance de la prise en compte de tels indicateurs dans la détermination des spreads souverains émergents. Enfin, nous montrons à l'aide d'un modèle de portefeuille plus complet que l'allocation d'actifs des investisseurs pourrait être davantage orientée vers des titres émergents libellés en monnaie nationale permettant de réduire les déséquilibres en devises des économies émergentesThe Original Sin was put forward as one of the roots of the third-generation financial crisis models toward the end of the 1990's. The aim of this study is to show that this theory is not really relevant when evaluating emerging economies' vulnerability to a variation in their exchange rate. In order to do this , I will start by assessing this theory's contributions and limits. Thanks to the creation of new indicators, I will then carry out a quantitative analysis of currency mismatches in emerging economies before illustrating the importance of taking into account such indicators when determining emerging sovereign bonds spreads. Finally, with the help of a more complete portfolio choice model, I will demonstrate the investors' asset allocation could be directed more towards emergency domestic-currency denominated bonds, thus allowing for reduced currency mismatches in emerging economies
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Finon, Dominique. "Les Etats face à la grande technologie dans le domaine civil : le cas des programmes surgénérateurs." Grenoble 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988GRE21004.
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Cette these est une analyse d'economie politique de l'action publique de promotion technologique des grands equipements civils de pointe. Elle se fonde sur une analyse comparee des programmes surgenerateurs des cinq grands pays industrialises. Elle est centree sur le role joue par les evaluations economiques officielles dans les decisions. On met d'abord en evidence l'ampleur des incertitudes economiques et commerciales qui ont toujours pese sur les multiples parametres economiques (offre d'uranium, couts, etc). On montre ensuite que partout il y a toujours eu absence de regulation economique dans les rapports existant entre agences de developpement technologique, grandes entreprises industrielles et pouvoir politicoadministratif. L'analyse montre que les agences nucleaires sont des acteurs economiques et politiques a part entiere, alors qu'elles sont apprehendees d'habitude comme de simples instruments de l'etat. Un probleme fondamental souleve est celui de la sanction du marche qui apparait necessaire pour reguler les grands programmes technologiques a buts commerciaux. Un aspect important de cette question est la perennite des agences technologiques, une fois epuisees leurs missions initiales. Un autre probleme fondamental est celui du controle politique des grands choix technologiques et industriels. Une partie de sa solution reside dans l'ouverture des processus decisionnelsThis thesis is an analysis of "political economy" about the promotion of large civilian technological projectts by the states in industrial countries. It is founded on an comparative study of fast breeder reactor programmes. The focus is put on the way the economic rationale is distorted in the decision-making process. The economic assessment has always been too optimistic, ignoring the magnitude of economic and commercial uncertainties on the numerous parameters. Presently, a fair assessment would lead to the conclusion that the breeder is economically non-viable. The symbiotic and triangular relationships between technological agencies, major industrial firms and electric utilities are analysed in the five major countries. The analysis shows a common characteristic : the autonomy of nuclear agencies which must be considered as independent economic and political agents, although they are usually considered as subordinate instruments of states. One principal conclusion is the need for market forces' greater influence in technological programs. An other aspect of this question is the reshaping of the technological agencies, when their initial objectives are achieved. An another conclusion is the necessity of political control of great technological and industrial choices, with the opening up of elitist decision-making processes and the competition of economic expertises
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Pereira, Sara Cristina Queijinho. "Ecologismo radical em Portugal? A "Animal" e a "Quercus"." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Ciências Sociais e políticas, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/3405.
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Dissertação de Mestrado em Ciência PolíticaA presente investigação tem como tema de fundo uma ideologia que se afirmou recentemente: o ecologismo radical (anos 60, 70). Será que existem organizações com esse perfil em Portugal? Fruto de um sentimento de crise generalizado, o ecologismo radical levanta a consciência pública para os perigos que pode implicar o sistema económico dominante vigente. Os ecologistas radicais defendem que o capitalismo desenfreado e o industrialismo são a causa da crise global que vivemos hoje. Apresentam alternativas de pensamento e acção para inverter a situação. Defendem que o domínio da natureza, antes de mais implica, o domínio do ser humano uma vez que este último faz também parte da própria natureza. Recorrem a greves, lock-outs, manifestações, acções de desobediência civil, libertam animais utilizados em experimentação, sabotam actividades que prejudicam o ambiente, destroem propriedade privada, entre outros. A acção directa, na sua vertente não-violenta, tornou-se um meio aceitável e visível para os ecologistas fazerem valer os seus ideais. Os anarquistas também marcam presença neste movimento. A perspectiva ecológica, compreendida na sua radicalidade, tal como a própria perspectiva anarquista, implica a abolição do capitalismo, a possibilidade de uma sociedade mais humana, justa, igualitária, democrática e capaz de estabelecer uma relação harmoniosa entre o ser humano e o meio ambiente. O movimento ecologista radical promove a mudança e a transformação social e tem inúmeras escolas de pensamento e muitos grupos de acção que vão desde os ecologistas profundos, ecofeministas, ecologistas espirituais aos bio-regionalistas...que produzem debates acesos resultando numa enorme variedade de aproximações que buscam por um mundo habitável. O background teórico deste trabalho debruça-se resumidamente sobre esta questão (ver Parte I). Na Parte II apresentarei o objecto de estudo (a organização ANIMAL e a Quercus) e a metodologia utilizada para a recolha de dados. Foram aplicados inquéritos por questionário e entrevistas com o objectivo de se traçar o perfil destas organizações. Na Parte III são descritos os resultados e na Parte IV os resultados são discutidos em articulação com o background teórico anteriormente exposto. A Parte V, expõe as considerações finais.
The main theme of the present investigation is radical ecologism in Portugal. Are there any organizations with such profile? Result of a widespread sense of crisis, radical ecologism raises public awareness about the dangers that involve the current economic dominant system. According to radical ecologists, unbridled capitalism and industrialism are the cause of the global crisis which we live today. Radical ecologists introduce alternative lines of thought and action in order to reverse the present situation. These ecologists advocate that the domination of nature, first of all, implies the domination of humans and the latter are part of the former. This movement uses strikes, lock-outs, demonstrations, civil disobedience actions, releasing animals used in experimentation, sabotaging activities that harm the environment, destroying of private property and so on. Direct action, in its nonviolent form, became an acceptable and visible way for radical ecologists to promote ideals. Anarchists are also present in this movement. The ecological perspective, understood in its radical perspective, just as the anarchist perspective, implies the abolition of capitalism, the possibility of a more human, just, egalitarian and democratic society where a harmonious relationship is established between humans and the environment. The radical ecologist movement promotes social change and transformation and has numerous schools of thought and many action groups ranging from deep ecologists, ecofeminists, spiritual ecologists to bio-regionalists…which produce heated debates resulting in a great variety of approaches that search for a liveable world. Such theoretical background is described in Part I of this investigation. Part II of this work presents the study object (the organizations ANIMAL and Quercus) and the methodology used for data collection. Questionnaire surveys were administrated and interviews with the aim of drawing the profile of such the organizations were conducted. Part III describes the results and Part IV presents our findings in relation to the theoretical background previously described. In Part V the closing remarks can be found.
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Allmishal, Yasser. "La volatilité du change et la politique monétaire : le cas des pays émergents." Poitiers, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010POIT4001.
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Les crises financières des années 90 ont révélé la vulnérabilité des régimes de change intermédiaires et le flottement est apparu comme seule option viable pour les émergents. Or, malgré l’adoption officielle du flottement, les économies émergentes ont mis en oeuvre une politique monétaire de stabilisation du change assurant, de facto, la survie des régimes intermédiaires, via la peur du flottement. Cette thèse s’interroge, à partir de l’analyse des relations entre la politique monétaire domestique et la volatilité du change dans les économies émergentes, sur la nature même des régimes intermédiaires de facto. Le chapitre 1 rend compte de la problématique du choix du régime de change, et des raisons de la survie des régimes intermédiaires. Le chapitre 2 pose le problème du ciblage d’inflation comme ancrage nominal des régimes officiels de flottement, et des conflits éventuels entre ce ciblage et la stabilisation du change. Le chapitre 3 met en avant les vulnérabilités (pass-through, péché originel) des économies émergentes rationalisant la peur du flottement et s’interroge aussi sur l’efficacité de la politique du taux d’intérêt à stabiliser le change, Le chapitre 4 constitue la base d’une analyse empirique de la volatilité du change dans un échantillon de 20 émergents sur la période 1994-2008, en examinant les caractéristiques des séries journalières de rendement du change à travers les modélisations ARMA et GARCH. Le chapitre 5 teste l’effet sur la volatilité du change des deux dimensions de la politique monétaire (volatilité du taux d’intérêt et niveau du taux d’intérêt). Les tests indiquent que la volatilité du change dépend négativement de la volatilité du taux d’intérêt mais positivement du niveau de ce taux. Autrement dit, une politique monétaire de stabilisation du change est sur le fil du rasoir, quant à son effet sur la volatilité du changeThe financial crises in 1990s have highlighted the vulnerability of intermediate exchange rate regimes and floating exchange regime emerged as the only viable option for emerging economies. However, despite the formal adoption of floating exchange regime, emerging economies have implemented a monetary policy of exchange rate stabilization, ensuring, de facto, the survival of intermediate exchange rate regimes, through fear of floating. This thesis examines, by the analysis of the relationship between domestic monetary policy and the exchange rate volatility in emerging economies, the nature of intermediate regimes de facto. Chapter 1 deals with the problem of the choice of exchange rate regime, and the reasons for the survival of intermediate exchange rate regimes. Chapter 2 presents the problem of inflation targeting as a nominal anchor in the formal floating exchange rate regime, and potential conflicts between the inflation targeting and the exchange rate stabilization policy. Chapter 3 highlights the vulnerabilities (pass-through, original sin) of emerging economies streamlining the fear of floating and also throws the light on the effectiveness of the policy interest rate to stabilize the exchange rate. Chapter 4 constitutes the base of an empirical analysis of exchange rate volatility in a sample of 20 emerging economies over the period 1994-2008, examining the characteristics of daily series of exchange rate return through the ARMA and GARCH models. Chapter 5 tests the effect on the exchange rate volatility of the two dimensions of monetary policy (volatility and level of interest rates). The tests indicate that exchange rate volatility depends negatively on the volatility of interest rates but positively on the level of that rate. In other words, stabilization exchange rate monetary policy is on the razor's edge, about its effect on the exchange rate volatility
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Gallouj, Faïz. "Economie de l'innovation dans les services : Au-delà des approches industrialistes." Lille 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LIL12015.
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La majeure partiede la littérature consacrée à l'innovation de service a trait en réalité à l'innovation technologique appliquée aux services et notamment à l'innovation de processus liée à l'acquisition d'équipements informatiques et de télécommunication. Le principal point faible de ces approches "technologistes" est qu’elles ne mettent l'éclairage que sur une partie de la réalité de l'innovation dans les services : la plus spectaculaire (mais pas toujours la plus importante ni la plus spécifique), la plus perceptible aux outils traditionnels mis au point pour approcher l'innovation industrielle. Il s'agit par conséquent d'examiner "la face cachée" de cette innovation : celle qui échappe, dans une certaine mesure, a ces outilsMost of the economic literature concerned with innovation in service industries actually deals with the application of technological innovation (and especially data processing and telecommunication hardware) to service activities. Those technologist approaches only focus on one part of the whole innovation activity in services: the most spectacular (but not always the most important or the most specific), the most visible for traditional analytical tools developed in the field of industrial innovation. We aim at analyzing the "hidden part" of this innovation which is partly invisible for those tools
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Crozat, Stéphane. "Eléments pour la conception industrialisée des supports pédagogiques numériques." Phd thesis, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/edutice-00000204.
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La croissance spectaculaire du numérique, Internet en tête, combinée aux besoins nouveaux dans le domaine de la formation, professionnelle notamment, ont conduit à un développement considérable de la production de documents pédagogiques numériques. Notre travail s'inscrit au sein de cette problématique, afin d'élaborer un modèle de conception industrielle qui permette l'application d'un modèle documentaire générique, et l'intégration de modèles pédagogiques spécifiques, dans une perspective de massification. Ce modèle a été conçu à partir d'une approche théorique depuis l'état de l'art (séparation fond/forme, séparation contenu/scénarisation et association information/actions) et d'une approche empirique depuis nos expérimentations (XF01 et SCENARI). Le résultat de ce travail est le méta-modèle SP/UL qui propose une approche méthodologique et technologique afin de représenter logiquement l'information multimédia pédagogique (sous forme d'Unités Logiques), de distribuer l'information au sein de scénarii pédagogiques (sous forme de Schémas Pédagogiques), et de présenter l'information pour la manipuler (sous forme de Feuilles de Comportement).
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Mohamad, Kamar Kamarul Anuar. "Critical success factors to industrialised building system (IBS) contractor." Thesis, University of Salford, 2011. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/26821/.
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Industrialised Building System (IBS) is defined as a construction technique in which components are manufactured in a controlled environment (on or off site), transported, positioned and assembled into a structure with minimal additional site work. The Malaysian construction industry has been urged to change from a conventional method to IBS to attain better construction quality and productivity, reduce risks related to occupational safety and health, alleviate issues for skilled workers and dependency on manual foreign labour, and achieve the ultimate goal of reducing the overall cost of construction. The use of IBS has been made compulsory in the construction of public buildings and the adoption was supported by the government through programmes, incentives and encouragement policies stipulated under the IBS Roadmap 2003-2010. Despite acknowledging its benefits, the construction industry is still not rapidly embracing IBS. This is mainly due to its traditional and conservative nature where anything new or different faces implementation barriers. In addition, there is a lack of knowledge to help traditional contractors to successfully transform to IBS. The availability of such knowledge could help to accelerate the uptake of IBS. The aim of the research is to identify the critical success factors for IBS uptake and develop a framework to support the transformation of contractors to the IBS. The research adopted a multiple-case-studies approach. The main part of this thesis is a presentation and discussion of case studies with contractors in Malaysia. The analysis is based primarily on cross-case analysis and pattern matching where nine critical success factors and two enablers have been identified as significant to the success of IBS. From the critical success factors, this research proposes a framework which was validated with an industry focus group. Strategy, people and process were identified as the main elements of the framework. The framework depends largely on the strategy, meetings of human capability and capacity, and improvements to the process. The enabling factors are Information Technology (IT) and continuous improvement. The outcome of this research showed that the main problems that are preventing contractors from embracing IBS are rarely purely technical in origin. They are more related to the organisational strategy and soft issues which underpin the capability of the organisation to successfully implement IBS. This led to the fact that IBS is best handled as a holistic process and requires a total synchronisation of construction, manufacturing and design. In addition, factors such as project management, procurement, rationalisation, standardisation, repetition, collaboration, integration, supply chain partnering, planning, skills and training were found to be essential and they need to be carefully considered during the transformation process.
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Unger, Carina. "Industrialised house building : fundamental change or business as usual?" Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Royal Institute of Technology, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4120.
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Bergström, Max. "Industrialised timber frame housing : managing customisation, change, and information/." Luleå, 2004. http://epubl.luth.se/1402-1544/2004/45.
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Obégi, Riad. "Risque et crédit : le certificat hypothécaire, une solution pour les pays émergents." Lyon 2, 2008. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2008/obegi_r.
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Cette thèse soumet une proposition pour dynamiser les économies des pays en développement. Elle consiste à mobiliser leur patrimoine immobilier par des cautionnements réels omnibus, appelés Certificats hypothécaires, en faveur des déposants de leurs banques commerciales. L'idée sous-jacente est que l'état d'une économie est déterminé par le risque de cette économie et la gestion qui en est faite par les agents économiques. Le crédit est l'une des principales institutions pour échanger le risque entre les agents ; son optimisation entraîne donc à la fois un meilleur niveau de risque et un supplément d'échanges. Grâce aux Certificats hypothécaires, les banques pourront prêter plus d'argent, le secteur privé disposera de ressources plus amples et les propriétaires immobiliers toucheront une commission en échange de leur cautionnement. Les deux premiers chapitres sont consacrés aux prémisses du raisonnement et aux conditions facilitant le développement du crédit dans un PED. En particulier, pour les conditions, il est proposé une réforme du droit de la faillite et une dollarisation complète pour rendre à ces pays l'autonomie de la politique monétaire, ou plus justement celle du crédit. Le dernier chapitre examine le Certificat sous les angles juridique, comptable et administratif ; il considère les implications dans les secteurs bancaire et immobilier ainsi que pour l'Etat, et enfin il étudie les conséquences macroéconomiques de l'introduction de cet instrument. Avec les hypothèses utilisées et sur l'économie libanaise, cette innovation contribue à une augmentation de PIB de plus de 9 % par an pour les cinq années qui suivent son implémentation. Cette thèse est aussi l'occasion de développements accessoires comme la suggestion de création d'une politique immobilière et d'un nouveau modèle économique fondé sur la division du patrimoine des agents en droits réels et droits personnelsThis thesis expounds a way of boosting the economies of emerging countries by drawing on their real estate wealth through omnibus mortgages (cautionnements réels omnibus) called Mortgage Certificates (Certificats Hypothécaires) in favor of depositors at commercial banks. The underlying idea is that the state of an economy is determined by its riskiness and the manner in which it is managed by its economic agents. Credit is one of the primary means of exchanging risk between agents; its optimization therefore leads to both better risk levels and more exchanges. Thanks to Mortgage Certificates, banks will be able to lend more money, the private sector will, through loans, have access to more ample resources, and the owners of the real estate will earn a fee in exchange for the guarantees they are providing. The first two chapters delve into the premise behind this reasoning and the conditions in which the development of credit can be facilitated in emerging countries. More specifically with regards to the conditions, we propose a reform of bankruptcy laws and a full dollarization of the economy to hand back to these countries the autonomy over their monetary policy or more precisely their credit policy. In the last chapter, we examine the legal, administrative and accounting aspects of the Mortgages Certificates and analyze their impact on the banking and real estate sectors as well as on the State. Finally, we assess the macroeconomic consequences of the introduction of this innovative instrument. Applying the underlying assumptions to the template of the Lebanese economy leads to a GDP increase of over 9% per year in the five years following its implementation. The thesis also develops ancillary ideas such as a proposal to establish a real estate policy and the development of a new economic model based on the division of wealth between property rights (droits réels) and receivable rights (droits personnels)
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Chaabouni-Masmoudi, Inès. "Internationalisation des banques étrangères dans les pays émergents." Paris 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA020094.
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La globalisation financière a entraîné un développement important au niveau du secteur bancaire. La banque, en tant que firme bancaire, a vécu plusieurs transformations ces dernières années. L'intégration financière internationale a exigé des banques des développements au niveau de leurs activités et de leurs structures. Ces transformations ont eu lieu aussi bien à l'échelle nationale qu'internationale. L'objectif de ce travail est de répondre à la problématique concernant le développement de l'internationalisation des banques dans certains pays émergents. Le but est de déterminer l'ensemble des critères influant le choix d'implantation des banques étrangères, dégager une relation entre la réglementation bancaire et la présence des banques étrangères dans un pays donné et trouver l'impact de la présence des banques étrangères sur le secteur bancaire local. L'étude de l'internationalisation des banques a permis de constater l'importance de la réglementation bancaire au niveau du choix d'implantation des banques. La quantification de la réglementation bancaire, en sélectionnant quatre volets les plus influant le choix d'implantation des banques, et son application au niveau de quelques pays émergents a permis d'expliquer l'accroissement du nombre des banques internationales dans un pays émergent et pas dans un autre. L'impact de la présence des banques étrangères sur la rentabilité bancaire reste toutefois mitigé. Dans certains pays, la présence des banques étrangères va améliorer la rentabilité du secteur bancaire local grâce à leur savoir faire. Dans d'autres pays, la présence des banques étrangères va avoir un rôle très limité sur l'évolution de la rentabilité bancaire.
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Martin, Marie. "Mondialisation financière et intégration régionale : comment garantir la stabilité financière des pays émergents ?" Bordeaux 4, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BOR40035.
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Cette thèse a pour objectif d'étudier si, dans le cadre de zones d'intégration institutionnelle, la probabilité d'occurence d'une crise financière peut se réduire en cas de chocs externes. Dans ce cadre, la première partie consiste en une analyse factuelle des effets pervers de la libéralisation monétaire et financière sur les pays émergents et tente de dégager les mécanismes et les caractéristiques de crise en se centrant davantage sur les crises cambiaires. Il apparaît ensuite, que les mesures porposées par les organismes internationaux pour réguler de telles crises, aient été l'objet de défaillances, des mesures alternatives ont alors été proposées. Parmi les propositions alternatives de résolution des crises qui sont analysées dans un deuxième temps, une attention particulière est portée au processus d'intégration régionale. Plus particulièrement, l'intégration régionale institutionnelle est envisagée comme une solution. Il faut alors démontrer en s'appuyant sur des exemples concrets que cette dernière option peut jouer un fort rôle stabilisateur face aux crises de change. C'est ce que la dernère partie tente de prouver statistiquement en s'appuyant sur un large éventail de pays émergentsThis thesis aims to study if, within the framework of institutional regionalization, the probability that a financial crisis occurs can be reduced in a context of external shocks. Within this framework, the first part consists in a factual analysis of the cost of monetary and financial liberalization on the merging countries and tries to release the mechanisms and the characteristics of crisis by focusing the currency crises. As the emergency supports suggested by the international organizations to regulate such crises failed, some alternatives strategies have been proposed. Among the alternatives proposals for a resolution of the crises which are analysed in the second time, a detailed attention is paid to the processes of regional integration. More particularly, institutional regional integration is considered as a solution. It should then be shown, with the help of concrete examples, that this last option can be an important stabiliser in regard to the currency crises. It is what the last part tries statistically to prove on the base of board range of emerging countries
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Oudinet, Joël. "Les conditions d'emploi et leurs transformations récentes dans les grands pays industrialisés." Paris 13, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA131026.
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L'analyse des conditions d'emploi a travers une grille de lecture heterodoxe permet d'envisager deux determinants pour celles-ci: - l'evolution de la legislation du travail - la gestion de l'emploi des firmes l'illustration des conditions d'emploi des grands pays industrialises (france, allemagne, royaume uni, italie, usa), a partir de fonctions d'emploi dichotomiques de court terme, met en evidence la diversite des situations entre les secteurs de l'industrie. Les transformations recentes des conditions d'emploi sont determinees a partir de tests statistiques de stabilite. La simulation d'un modele macroeconomique laisse penser que ces ruptures ont eu un impact limite ex-post sur l'emploiAnalysing the employmant conditions, with a non-orthodox theory, two determinants can be found: - changing labour laws - manpower management the employment conditions in the industrialized market economy countries (france, germany, united kingdom, italy, united states) are made clear with short-term dichotomic employment functions. That shows the miscellaneous employment conditions in the manufacturing industries sectors. Their recent transformations are determined by doing stability statistics tests. The transformations effect on employment fluctuations has not been considerable, judged by a macro-economic model simulation
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Sangoori, Pommier Aida. "Les acteurs des politiques pétrolières internationales : l'OPEP et les pays industrialisés occidentaux." Paris 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA020085.
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Les politiques petrolieres internationales sont menees par des acteursproducteurs regroupes dans le cadre de l'o. P. E. P. Et par des acteurs-consommateurs soit la plupart des pays industrialises occidentaux. Il ressort que le petrole est une matiere energetique politisee: le petrole est un enjeu politique, car il est symbole de pouvoir. Il s'agit de degager des points communs a partir de la multiplicite des politiques petrolieres internationales. Les actions des intervenants des differentes politiques petrolieres sont envisagees aussi bien quand elles resultent des relations d'etat a etatd'etat producteur a etat consommateur- que quand elles se font au nom d'une organisation comme l'o. P. E. P. Pour les pays producteurs ou l'agence internationale de l'energie pour les pays de l'o. C. D. E. Qui sont en general les grands consommateurs- importateurs. Enfin ces actions sont appreciees en tant de paix comme en tant de guerre ou en periode de criseThe thesis explains the action of the chief actors of the international petroleum policies, according to different countries and in crisis periods or in peace- and war-time. These two actors are on one hand the organization of petroleum exporting countries (opec) for the producers and exporters and, on other hand the industrialized countries for the consomers and importers part. The relationship between these two actors is not always a conflictual relation but is leads sometimes to a cooperation. Petroleum is since a long time source of power and a political stake
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Fayette, Laurence. "Trajectoires nationales et intégration économique et monétaire des petits pays industrialisés d'Europe." Paris 13, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA131009.
Full textAbstract:
La these se propose d'examiner dans quelle mesure les trajectoires nationales des petits pays industrialises (ppi) se trouvent affectees par l'integration economique et monetaire europeenne. Partant de l'etude des specificites structurelles de chacun, il s'agit d'etudier la compatibilite de l'uem entre des pays a structures economiques differentes. De fait l'adoption de la monnaie unique place les differences structurelles des economies au centre des preoccupations de politiques economiques. Les mecanismes d'ajustement etant au cur de la problematique, nous verrons en quoi l'abandon du taux de change comme vecteur de regulation macro-economique peut etre couteux ou non pour les ppi, et si la flexibilite salariale peut ou non etre un substitut efficace. Le premier chapitre presente le rapport salarial des ppi a travers le degre d'institutionalisation, les relations salariales, la formation des salaires et la politique des revenus. Le mode d'insertion international est traite dans un second chapitre au regard des flux commerciaux et de la specialisation. L'etude de la competitivite-cout et hors-cout constitue le cur du troisieme chapitre. Elle propose une approche par les prix a l'exportation en evolution, les couts salariaux en evolution et en niveau, puis les couts totaux en niveau. Le quatrieme chapitre aborde le regime de change et propose une evaluation des taux de change d'equilibre. Le marche unique, l'integration economique ainsi que l'investissement direct etranger font l'objet du cinquieme chapitre. Enfin, dans un dernier chapitre sont traites les enjeux de la flexibilite salariale et de la coordination des politiques economiques en union monetaire. Nous montrons dans quelle mesure l'uem a pour consequence la convergence des economies vers une configuration type des formes structurelles et des modeles de politiques economiques et en quoi elle entraine la remise en cause des specificites nationales.