Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Industrie – 19e siècle'
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Ruhemann, Patrick. "Vapeur motrice et industrie au XIXe siècle." Paris 10, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA100079.
Full textThe steam machine is a typical icon of the Industrial Revolution which transformed western societies from the end of the eighteenth century. If many studies about these equipments exist in history of techniques, this one highlights relationships between steam power and industry. We will privilege its development at different scales, national and departmental, and its integration into most of the industrial factories. France is the exclusive subject of this analysis that mainly spreads out from 1830 to the Great War. The real weight of steam power in the industry is also measured through its relations, often more additional than competitive, wit other modes of production of driving strength, especially hydraulic energy but without neglecting windmills and animal drive. At last, the eventuality that steam power appears mainly like supporting watermills during the First Industrial Revolution is formally questioned
Vignon, Virginie. "Jules Chéret, créateur d'une industrie publicitaire (1866-1932)." Paris 10, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA100099.
Full textIn 1866, Jules Chéret (1836–1932), printer–lithographer, sets up in Paris a printing office specialized in illustrated coloured posters, a commercial medium which he turned into a real way of communication. With both patrimonial archives funds and main Parisian posters collections, we recreate the way of this new advertising printing office and underline both the reality of a profession and the posters production, famous for its quantity as well as for its formal qualities. At the head of this industry, Jules Chéret leads a new widespread posters market in France : its diffusion shows how representative it is of urban landscape in the late XIXth century. As a result, Jules Chéret is seen as an artist around 1880 while lithographic colour printing is considered as full work of art
Benoit, Serge. "La modernité de la tradition : les énergies renouvelables classiques : l'eau et le bois dans la voie française de l'industrialisation, c.1750-c.1880." Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006EVRY0035.
Full textBrechoteau, Sophie. "Les pharmaciens et l'industrie sucrière aux XVIIIème et XIXème siècles." Bordeaux 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR2P044.
Full textMillet, Audrey. "Les dessinateurs de fabrique en France (XVIIIe-XIXe siècles)." Thesis, Paris 8, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA080017.
Full textThe first industrialization rested on what recent historiography calls “the revolution of the consumers”: a consumption and an increased circulation of all the objects of the daily life which are fabrics, laces, tapestries, earthenware, wallpapers, crockery… The desire to buy and have other goods than those which allow simple survival led thus to an assertion of the phenomena of fashion, implying for the producers the need for taking into account the changing taste of the consumers and the diversification of their consumption. The race to novation to allure the customers becomes a major stake for the manufacturers. The draughtsman occupies an essential place in this competition, since the first phase of the production process, before that of manufacturing and of marketing, is that of creation, the design of the product. This study thus aims at questioning the statute of this very qualified worker, holder of a know-how ; still little formalized in the second half of the 18th century, this know-how tends to show a slow institutionalization, of which we will examine the rhythms until the emergence and the coding of the profession. Work and its author being indissociable entities, we will question the statute of the draughtsman-author within the production process which is collective and industrial, nonsingular and artistic. Seldom studied, the place of the women in the manufacturing world must also be analyzed. Moreover, it is advisable to live behind us ordinary social taxonomies and in particular the fixed binary oppositions: art/industry, artist/craftsman, liberal art/mechanical art, but also drawing of linear figure/drawing
Tachou, Frédéric. "Aux origines d'une industrie : photographie "obscène" et cinéma pornographique primitif." Paris 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA010590.
Full textBourdon, Jean-Paul. "Les agronomes distingués de l'Association normande (1835-1890) : Techniques et pratiques de "l' industrie" d'après les Annuaires normands agricole." Caen, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992CAEN1105.
Full textDistinguished agronomists of l'association normande are neither aristocrats nor landowners, but middle-class scientists, particularly chemists. Under the management of caumont, great erudite, these agronomists encouraged the use of science as applied to agriculture and published the results, making them known to landowners, members of the association, in their year-book (annuaire normand). These year-bookswere published during a period of profound transformation with changes in industry, science and techniques, and the conversion of arable land to gazing. Their examination portrays an inside view of the scientist' ambition to play a leading part, spotting progresses in agriculture and needling landowners to incite them to increase efficiency in land management. It also illustrates the hazards and hesitancies which marked the development and distribution of new techniques and agricultural machinery. Increased use of the plough according to the "active" english method, led to artificial meadows which in their turn became permanent pastures, hence rejoining the "lazy" system of breeders from marginal areas (cotentin, bessin, pays d'auge). This troubled the landowners who prized the arable farming : is it possible to leave the plough and all the agricultural machinery? are the animal productions so noble as the vegetable ones? scientists encouraged the abandonment of arable farming in favour of stock breeding. The economic context helped them also : the demand increasing, prices of the meat and dairy products (butter and cheese) raised, when those of cereals declined. This work brings out a clear picture on the beginnings of a scientific framework in agriculture and the origins of present tendencies in norman agriculture today
Mau, Chuan-Hui. "L'industrie de la soie en France et en Chine : de la fin du XVIIIe au début du XXe siècle : échanges technologiques, stylistiques et commerciaux." Paris, EHESS, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002EHES0048.
Full textThis thesis studies the interaction between the French and the Chinese silk industries during the period between the 18th century and the beginning of the 20th century. The reconstruction of this history is based on the different perspectives reflected in the historical documents in both Western and Oriental languages, which concerned with the commercial relations and the technical and stylistic exchanges between the two industries. The first part deals with these two silk industries during the 18th century and the second part is concerned with the evolution of the French silk industry from the end of the 18th to the mid-19th century. During this period, even though the contacts between the two industries became minimal, the study of the Chinese silk technology continued in France, based on the Chinese documents in France. The third part tackles the introduction of European techniques to China during the period between the mid-19th century and the beginning of the 20th century
Guillaume, Jean-Charles. "L'évolution des pratiques industrielles dans l'Auxerrois, 1750-1914." Paris 4, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA040046.
Full textThe industrial growth in the rural area of the Auxerrois is a moderate but significant one, stimulated by the nearness of the Parisian market. The entrepreneurs are mostly lower middle class. Communication is limited. Successors are not designated, they are often chosen by consensus. All this is a long way from the "factory system". Freedom of enterprise, which is steadfastly accepted, replaces authoritarianism. Bookkeeping remains basic. According to tradition, investments in industry are limited. Many entrepreneurs are satisfied with local markets. They need little capital, they seldom resort to credit, self-funding is a general rule. Technical innovation emerges slowly (and rather late) and strives to weave its way into the fabric of the old system. Capital investments are still limited, but they do increase. Innovations spread slowly although inventive spirit is not lacking. Most entrepreneurs get undoubtedly richer but social climbing is slow. There is a lack of continuity within the enterprises. The temptation is strong to transfer the funds from industry to land ownership or stocks and shares. Former social practices are still intact, but apprenticeship is on the decline as early as 1835. Protoindustrialization fails in the realm of textiles but develops in the ochre industry in an innovative form. In the county as well as in Auxerre, it seems that there is a strong sense of rootedness and little social unrest. The evolution of industry follows the same pattern as that of the "radical" movement in politics. From 1866-1885, the balance is disrupted
Avenier, Cédric. "Ciments d'églises, semences de chrétiens : constructions religieuses et industrie cimentière en Isère au XIXème siècle." Grenoble 2, 2004. https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01885678.
Full textThis work analyses the odd use of cements as new materials applied to traditional buildings, churches, in the Isère diocese-departement. In those days, this region had a rebuilding policy and was leader in the production of cements. A first part shows the people interested in the rebuilding of churches (architects, priests, bishops), because of an underestimated patrimonial area (neglected historical monuments), according to the temporal values of the clergy. Furthermore, the Cartusians were paying for it, and the cements were cheap. A second part focuses on the starts of cements. The region was favourable to the production and use of cements (financial and technical facilities, family connections, political implications). Then, it also explains the way it was manufactured and used. A third part suggests a link between the history of architecture (the demands of command, its realisations), and the principles of a practical construction (similarities of churches, prefabricated elements) while relating them to the artistic theories of the time. This multidisciplinary study deals with history, history of art, techniques history in order to highlight the contribution for 19th century French architecture of this regional adventure. It depicts how the cements transformed the architecture of this region and how it took place between stone and concrete
Truffaut, Edmond. "Manganèse et acier : contribution à l'histoire de la sidérurgie en France, 1774-1906." Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010614.
Full textRoth-Meyer, Clothilde. "Les marchands de couleurs à Paris au XIXe siècle." Paris 4, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA040282.
Full textWhat do Mrs Haro, Ingres' " bien bonne amie ", Renoir's " vieil ami mulard " and Van Gogh's " brave Tanguy " share ? Their trade: selling paint to the artists. Actually, only their denomination-colourman- is common, since each one of them practices his skill in his on manner. There exists different sorts of colourmen and this dissertation aims at analysing them in a history of art perspective. As the studies on this subject are rare, we created a Répertoire des Marchands de couleurs à Paris au XIXe siècle d'aprés les Almanachs et Annuaires du Commerce thread of our research. Our work is an introduction to diverse themes such as the history and the training of profession, the context of its appearance, the image of their activity given by the colour men, their collaboration with artist to elaborate new products, the writing and edition of technical handbooks on painting, the restoration, rental and sale of paintings. With all these elements a new image of colour man arises. Far from being the unscrupulous retailer of faulty products, he is a real professional that the artists trust. Aside from presenting this profession and its multiple aspects, our work is a new kind of database that is meant to facilitate the interpretation of certain documentary sources daily used by searchers (coulormen stamps on the reverse of painting, mention of colourmen in the artists' letters)
Abéguilé-Petit, Catherine. "Marine et industrie en Bretagne : l'arsenal de Brest et les établissements sous-traitants aux XVIIIème et XIXème siècles." Rennes 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002REN20072.
Full textThis work relates, inside the port of Brest and its industrial environment, the integration, the technical and economical influences of an arsenal for the region where it is established. An arsenal was not an island of modernity in a wild and ignorant country : opened towards sea, it lived from the region providing it men and raw material. This approach explains the choice to present the work in two parts, comparing to classes living, because of the military enceinte, apart from each other but in a real symbiosis. The state navy and an important part of the local private industry worked towards, like today, for the same end : building ships. The thesis concerns less the shipbuilding than essentially the workshops, the manufacturing technics and the savoir-faire
Decker, Émile. "Sarreguemines au XIXème siècle : la faïencerie Utzschneider : 1790-1914 : contribution à une histoire des goûts et des styles au XIXème siècle." Nancy 2, 2001. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/NANCY2/doc207/2001NAN21007_1.pdf.
Full textDuring the 19th century, the Sarreguemines works located in the north of Lorraine on the German border became one of the leading centres for earthenware production in Europe. Very early on the factory introduced industrial production techniques. The work was carried out with the aid of machines or processes making mass-production a reality. Satisfying the public remained a key factor, and every aspect of the business was tailored to meeting the whims of the factory's clientele. This approach led to the manufacturing of objects of rather dubious aesthetic quality. Often, the technical quality of the workmanship made up for the insufficiency of the design. The company sought to react against the mediocrity and monotony of mass production through an increased use of decor and diverse shapes, adding plenty of variety to its catalogue. The wide choice available enabled the client to enjoy the illusion that he or she owned something truly unique. During the 19th century, the style of the objects produced varied according to taste. History was always a source of inspiration. During the Empire and the Restoration, the items produced where neo-classical and their models were English. During the Louis Philippe period, under the influence of Romantism, eclectism was the norm : Italian majolica of the Renaissance and French earthenware from the 17th and 18th centuries were all copied and interpreted. Exotic patterns were ever-increasing in number. Initially, the designs used had featured approximate replications of Oriental works, later happily giving way to something more in keeping with the spirit in which Western artists worked. Nature was always a favourite subject for the earthenware artists, and according to the period the representations of plants were marked by Romanticism, Japanism or Art nouveau. Earthenware also met a growing public demand for imagery : hundreds of series were produced with highly varied themes including the history of France, topical subjects, picturesque illustrations, or humorous scenes. For over a century, the production of the Sarreguemines works has mirrored changes in taste and style
Vaillant-Gabet, Sylvie. "Sur le fonctionnement et l'esprit du capitalisme : entreprises d'industries lainières en France et en Belgique au XIXe siècle." Lille 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LIL30048.
Full textBlavier, Yves. "La société linière et son environnement industriel (1845-1891) : une entreprise de Landerneau." Brest, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991BRES0001.
Full textBoudaud, Marie-France. "Comparaisons entre le rôle des Hancock et celui des Rotch dans la naissance des Etats-Unis d'Amérique à travers les industries morutière et baleinière (1755-1815)." Orléans, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ORLE1079.
Full textComparison of the roles of the business firms Hancock & Nephew and Rotch & Sons before and during the American Revolution and the constant oppositions between the codfishing and whaling industries in New England, from the deportation of the French Acadians in 1755 to the War of 1812, in Massachusetts. Commercial, strategic, military oppositions (about French Canada and the cod banks), ideological opposition (codfishermen working to feed the West Indian slaves and abolitionist whalemen, Patriot codfishermen and neutral Quaker whalemen), physical opposition (between John Hancock and the Rotch brothers during the Boston Tea Party). Interaction of the colonization of Massachusetts from 1620, trade and the invention of the American Law, commercial and political independence in the 1760s and 1770s, the wars between France and Great-Britain in the 18th century for Canada and Newfoundland, and later between Great-Britain and the United-States in 1812
Vabre, Sylvie. "Roquefort Société : une industrie agro-alimentaire en Aveyron (vers 1840-1914)." Toulouse 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010TOU20042.
Full textBetween 1820 and 1914, cheese manufacturing in the village of Roquefort grew from 300 to 9,250 tons. This large scale increase resulted from the new appetite for cheese within the upper middle classes of large European cities. Among all the ripened cheeses, Roquefort stands out by both its look and taste: its paste is speckled with blue and green veins; its taste is unique due to the use of sheep's milk, converted through the art of ripening. Trade success has transformed both the village and the supply area. The Société civile des Caves was founded in 1851 by several small and large owners, in order to bring together the coldest cellars of the village to produce cheese better able to travel. The association became a limited company in 1882 and was one of the largest French food processing businesses in 1914. Lt has deeply transformed the way cheese is manufactured and sold. From 1851 to 1914, the company tried to capture and increase consumer demand: first (between 1850-1880), the sales policy focused on the high quality of the product ripened in the best cellars. Then, faced with growing markets and the Great Depression, it attempted to transform both the manufacturing process and the product to bring a more affordable cheese to new consumers. By 1914, manufacturing had reached an industrial scale: Roquefort cheese has since become world famous and an international symbol of France
André, Louis. "La papeterie en France : 1799-1860 : aspects d'une mécanisation." Paris 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA010565.
Full textRiojas, López Carlos. "L'industrialisation au Mexique pendant le XIXe siècle : le cas du Jalisco." Paris, EHESS, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999EHES0057.
Full textCantaroglou, Frédéric Louis Marie. "Le rôle de l'industrie dans la mise en œuvre de la planification urbaine et de la planification territoriale en France de 1850 à 1946." Grenoble 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000GRE29046.
Full textGeneste, Nathalie. "Les spécialisations industrielles des régions françaises : 1837-1866." Bordeaux 4, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR40028.
Full textThe aim of this research was to pin down the regional manufacturing specializations in france during a gradual declining trade barriers period. This work consists in three parts : - firstly, it was a question of justifying the regional approach by going through aggregate economic analysis which has allowed us to place the july monarchy and the second empire in their economic context; - secondly, due to a lack of regional data, as far as manufacturing exports are concerned, we used the methodology of the quantitative history in putting together every manufacturing branch into a regional and departmental matrix. So that we have used the data from the 1839-1845 census about the french provinces, the 1847-1848 census about paris and the 1837-1846 decennial tables of foreign trade. We have linked this matrix with a same size manufacturing production one which is useful in exportation analysis ; - finaly, we used the obtained outcomes through a comparison with those about 1861-1866 which displays both the modernity of the "map" of regional specializations in the mid-nineteenth century and its noteworthi stability. This comparison allowed us to identify the factors of regional specializations
Naegel, Antoine-Paul. "Le département de la Meuse (France) : industrialisation entre 1790 et 1914." Nantes, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NANT2021.
Full textBakounakis, Nicolaos. "Patras et le commerce du raisin sec et du vin au XIXème siècle : 1828-1914." Paris, EHESS, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995EHES0022.
Full textAlthough this thesis bears a title which refers to regional history, its subject goes beyond the confined bounds of a matter of local interest. First of all, the currant was a crop whose exportation was vital for greece during the 19th century, being the product on which the economy of this small country was based, the "black gold" of greece. The development of the cultivation of the currant ensued the increased demand of this product in england - mainly between 1848-1875 - where it served as a basic ingredient in domestic pastry-making. The currant formed part of those legendary "objects" which were material proof of happiness among the english petit-bourgeois or middle classes. Used in pudding and cake recipes, it occupied the place of honour on the christmas dinner table, extolled by charles dickens as a sign of wealth and abundance in his novel a christmas carol. It is this same product (the uve passe for the venetians, the raisin de corinthe for the french, the corantken for the dutch), which, with time, became the object of clashes between local communities and their leaders, or the apple of discord among antagonistic commercial interests, at stake in the eastern mediterranean
Cucarull, Jérôme. "Les industries en Ille-et-Vilaine dans la seconde moitié du XIXème siècle : adaptations et inerties d'un département rural face à la seconde industrialisation." Brest, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BRES1009.
Full textIn the 19th century, Brittany missed the chance of an economic take-off. After an analysis of Ille-et-Vilaine, we can determine the reasons and the mechanisms of this evolution, which occured in a region that remained quite a lot rural. Outside towns, the only industrial concentrations were bound to the presence of natural resources. The general disaster happened toward 1880 1890 and affected the main sectors of the economy (the textile industries, iron-works and mines). Only subsisted traditional industries, which hold on as well as they could. The new (chemical, electrical) activities were not developped a lot. Mecanization was heavy. But the evolutions in the industrial network and outputs, as well as the assessment of the quantity and the origin of assets showed an insufficient adaptation to the modern economy. Capitalists firms were rare. As the economy of the department opened itself, competitivity was strengthened, but the study of the labour work confirms the fact that there was no unified labour market. Decline was certainly to happen, in spite of all controls means
Le, Ray Éric. "Un des fondateurs de la presse moderne, Hippolyte Auguste Marioni (1823-1904) : entrepreneur, innovateur, constructeur de machines à imprimer, patron de presse et homme d'influence." Paris, EPHE, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004EPHE4019.
Full textHyppolyte Auguste Marinoni was born in Paris in 1823. He lost his father when he was very young. He became an apprentice in Paris at the age of twelve. Two years later, in October 1837, he obtains a mechanic's certificate. In 1838, he starts to work for Pierre-Alexandre Gaveaux (1782-1844), builder of topographic machines. In 1850 and 1851, he is a member of the first team that uses successfully the rotary press device created by Jacob Worms for Emile de Girardin. The first team in the world. Girardin asks Marinoni to create new machines for the newspaper “La Liberté”, and in 1866, Marinoni register two important patents, the first rotary press, the second one for a new king of topographic machine. In 1872, Marinoni creates the first rotary press equipped with a paper roller. In 1882, he becomes the publisher of “Le Petit Journal”. His son-in-law, Jules Michaud, creates in 1890 the first colour rotary press in the world. It is used to print the illustrated to “Le Petit Journal”, edited by another of his son-in-laws, Marie-Désiré Cassagneul (1835-1921), the first gender of Marinoni has created a press empire and directs it industrially, financially and politically. American journalists call him “the Napoleon of the press”. At the end of the French Third Republic. . . It will influence the world of press and information until today. Marinoni died in January 1904
Vuaroqueaux, Georges-André. "Edition populaire et stratégies éditoriales en France de 1830 à 1875." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006VERS016S.
Full textThis research focuses on the world of publishing and book in France in the XIXth century. It starts with a simple question : how could books publishers, designers and producers answer the increasing readers number during the century ? Our work tries to describe the relationships which link publishers and the growing number of readers, and how, from 1830 to 1875, publishers have adopted commercial strategies and proposed new media to an increasing readership. From the book collecting volume to 20 cents deliveries, this research tells the professional career of various publishers who allowed to offer in a personal way a greater number of works to a greater amount of readers. It finally sets straight various publishers's behaviours and gives rise to new kinds of modern publishing
Chapuis, Marcel. "Martineurs et chaudronniers : l'industrie du cuivre à Durfort (Tarn)." Aix-Marseille 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989AIX10065.
Full textConnerade, Florent. "L'opium dans les sociétés britannique et indienne au dix-neuvième siècle." Toulouse 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU20044.
Full textFollowing a brief summary giving historical and scientific data on drugs, and more particulary on papaver somniferum and its derivatives, this thesis aims at giving a complete overview of the role of opium and opiates in nineteenth century British and Indian societies. The first traces back the history of opium farming in Britain and studies the trading channels of import opium, from the production zones in Asia minor to the British retail market. The impacts of the increasing opiate consumption within every startum of British society are analysed from different perspectives, focusing especially on political, economic, legal and health issues. The effects of opium-eating in somme British nineteenth century literary circles is investigated through the life and works of De Quincey and Coleridge. Likewise, the writings of Collins, Dickens, Doyles and Wilde are used to assess the changes in attitudes towards opium and morphine abuse in late-Victorian society. The fourth part looks into the scientific breakthroughs brought about by opium, in particular: the discovery and the extraction of morphine by Serturner, and its increasing use in medicine due to the invention of the hypodermic syringe by Alexander Wood. The discovery of morphine abuse will lead the way to the first medical theories on addiction and drug abuse. The last part goes back on the history of opium poppy in South and South east Asia from its origins, and investigates the various geoplitical incidents that led China and the British Empire to clash over the issue of Indian opium imports. The end of the thesis describes in detail the nineteenth century Indian opium poppy industry and looks into the different cultural and religious practices in which opium played a part in India society
Park-Barjot, Rang-Ri. "La Société de Construction des Batignolles : des origines à la première guerre mondiale (1846-1914)." Paris 4, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA040040.
Full textThe French public works industry sprang forth with the rise of the railways. From the 1840s on, major engineering and metal construction firms were formed in France. The rise of Société de Construction des Batignolles was predicated, to a large extent, on constant technological innovation, the very diversity of the firm's activities, and a world dissemination of its know-how. At the same time, that development was a reflexion on a highly original business history connected as it was to the rise of a family of entrepreneurs, the Goüins, who came to head of the firm by way of succession, over three generations. As early as 1871, indeed, SCB asserted its international scope and credentials, by venturing into colonial and more generally overseas markets. The firm pioneered infrastructural equipment construction work throughout the French Empire, as well as in developing countries. Is thus stood as the exemplar of the large French public works businesses that rose to the fore as industry world leaders in the 20th century
Hirsch, Jean-Pierre. "Les débits de boissons dans les petites villes d'Alsace : de 1844 à1914." Metz, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003METZ017L.
Full textPublic houses has always been considered to ensure hospitality function : welcoming, feeding, quenching, accommodating, the utility of which lay in their permanent location on well-frequented ways, and in the remaining of the profesion inside the same family circles. However, because of the sudden increase of social fear ofter 1848, public houses activity became threatening. Political and religious authorities, and everyone who cared for people's safety, in a common union, tried to contain festive or daily practices of youth and poor classes groups. At the end of 19th century, public houses frequenting was progressively legitimated, provided that it answered to cultural, sportive or political aims. Drinking becomes a personal choice, every excess of which would lead to disease. Publicans, who have recovered their expression rights, try to restore their social status
Santiago, Gomez Arnulfo Uriel de. "Edition et librairie françaises au Mexique au XIXe siècle." Paris, EHESS, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EHES0011.
Full textThis thesis is about the French Edition and Bookselling in Mexico in the 19e Century, which was one of the antecedents of the international market of books which had consequences that cultural history should try to know better: the increase of the editorial offer and the development of reading and writing. Firstly, the analysis will be focused on the definition of the "Spanish Bookselling" -a delocalized edition produced in France and bound for the lberian Peninsula and the Latin America, as the registers of the Exportations de la librairie française (French bookselling’s exports) attested it. Secondly the thesis describes the rise in France and the settlement in Mexico of this production between 1820 and 1838, with Bossange, Rosa and the American Bookshop. Thirdly, between 1838 and the decade of 1880, the integration of large "Spanish" bookshops will be studied: Rosa and Bouret. Garnier Brothers, Hachette
Lenhof, Jean-Louis. "Quand se tissait la ville des classes moyennes : impasses industrielles et réussites sociales en Alençon au XIXe siècle." Caen, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998CAEN1231.
Full textThis piece of work treats of urban history. The selected town is alen9on (orne's chief-town) : a mean town. This study makes use of census registers including shifts of population. Beetween 1820 and 1914, there was a slow population increase, despite of important migrations. A real development of the urbanization of the area under municipal jurisdiction happened. Moreover, alencon went through industrial prosperity and after that de-industrialisation. The making of two products coming from "proto-industrial" times (hemp cloth and point-lace) was partially modernized : an example of "dual" industrial development. After 1880, these industries suffered a setback on textile market. The "domestic system" and the manufacture of traditional products were regarded as essentials of social life and order. Together with small trade and "arts and crafts", they landed to a guise of "social happiness" : closed social gap, more and more population in middle classes, more "proprietors-rentiers" among old people, rising social mobility. The common way to succeed on life was business and enterprise. In the 1900's, the salaried middle classes were more and more numerous. But office workers and commercial employees were aliens from the town and did not stay a long time. The social web was torn
Lubliner, Mattatia Sabine. "Les fabricants parisiens de bronzes d'ameublement, 1848 - 1900." Paris 4, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA040257.
Full textIn France in the 19th century, Paris was the center of bronze production. Ornemental and furniture bronzes were often gilt or ormolu bronzes, combinated with crystal, marble, or china. This branch of decorative arts produced clocks, vases, candelabra, lamps, firedogs, mantelpieces and chimney-pieces. This study lists the bronzists, founders, sculptors, chasers, and other workers, and describes their production. The steps of model designing, sculpture, casting, gilding and tinting are explained, as well as the evolution of style, from historicism to Art Nouveau. Economical and social aspects of this industry are depicted : exportation, turnover, the life conditions of bronzists and workers, wages. The need of protection against forgery leaded to an adaptation of the French copyright legislation, under the pressure of the bronzists
Dubois, Xavier. "Les mutations des systèmes sardiniers en Bretagne Sud au dix-neuvième siècle." Lorient, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002LORIL002.
Full textThe sardine activities in South Brittany during the first part of the 19th century present many similarities with these of the previous century. But because of the diffusion of Appert techniques and the settling of numerous canning factories[. . . ]
Luneau, Jean-François. "Félix Gaudin (1851-1930), peintre-verrier et mosaïste." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002CLF20015.
Full textBriot, Eugénie. "La chimie des élégances : la parfumerie parisienne au XIXe siècle : naissance d'une industrie du luxe." Paris, CNAM, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008CNAM0611.
Full textThe industrialization of the production of perfumery articles in the XIXth century and their broader social diffusion invite us to question the relevance of the identification of perfume to a luxury product at that time. The innovations generated or adopted by perfumers indeed, be they new extracting methods of raw materials or the use of smelling compounds from a synthetic origin, if they bring new creative possibilities to perfumers, also allow wider margins on the sale of products whose prices remain stable. The switch from an artisanal fabrication to an industry of perfume manufacturing thus seems to go hand in hand with a relative price increase of these articles. On the basis of an imaginary peculiar to the XIXth century, determining the building of the social signification of perfume at that time, the diffusion of products that accompanies these evolutions redistributes at the same time the norms and rules of the olfactory elegances, restricting preferentially the expression of perfume to the sphere of intimacy. To what extend do the consumption of perfumery articles meet the imperative for ostentation proper to a certain rank in a century of a broader diffusion of these articles? And how do perfumers build the value of their articles in an environment favourable to their depreciation? In the final analysis, we apply ourselves here to studying the marketing strategies developed by perfumers of the XIXth century to position them among the luxury products triumphing on a large scale right from the Second Empire
Sougy, Nadège. "Les charbons de La Machine : valorisation et commercialisation des produits d'une houillère nivernaise de 1838 à 1938." Paris 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA010561.
Full textChaigneau-Normand, Maogan. "La Rance industrielle au XIXème siècle : étude historique et archéologique." Rennes 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001REN20024.
Full textA quite large number of " artisanal-industrial " activities existed in the hydraulic basin of the Rance during the XIXth century, which were left from ancestral trade (working of leather, milling, textile), but also new industiries in connexion with the demands of a developping world (making of sugar, lime, bricks) As well-settled in a rural area as in an urban area, those small industries don't make any savage difference with their environment. Neither by the adopted means nor by the made use of architectural forms which could take the appearence of an already existing building or which could generate their own structure, the most of the time in strict connexion with the vernaculary architecture. Here is the take-off, but an adapted conservatiism of which the formulas announce the XXth turning's point. It's from detailed study of the sites, result of an extensive scruteny of a large number of archives, and of a real research on the sites, with the industrial archaeologies methods, that the story (chronological, socio-economical and technical aspects, relation with the river) could have been reconstructed, the architectural forms could have been definite and that we could carry out on an patrimonial outcome of that world which tends now disappear, because of different factors (pressure of the town, intensive farming), because of the weak architectural visibility of most of the sites and of the historical non-accepted and fundamental of that industry, which took part in a " way of life " based on the pluriactivities. The study is presented in five volumes, with text (volume I), maps , plans, tables, icons, printed reproductions of manuscripts (volumes II to IV), and notes based upon the studies sites (volume V)
Vasseur, Édouard. "L'exposition universelle de 1867 à Paris : analyse d'un phénomène français au XIXe siècle." Paris 4, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA040094.
Full textThe 1867 world fair of Paris permitted to study a certain French craze towards industrial exhibitions. The following groups contributed to the event: industrials - for commercial and strategic reasons, the Government - promoting its economic policy subsequently to the free trade agreement of 1860 between Great Britain and France, the elite -intending to improve product designs and reinforce professional training. The organisation benefited from the experience of Frederic Le Play, head of the Imperial Commission, who contributed to major evolutions. These included pavilions, greater autonomy for exhibitors, working class concerns and the advent of large scale entertainment. The exhibition was an organisational success with mixed results. The French industry had been modernised and France was always the leading nation in arts and crafts. Nevertheless the USA and German states had shown to make rapid progress; Socil concerns of the paternalists had sadely little impact on workers
Jacqué, Bernard. "De la manufacture au mur : pour une histoire matérielle du papier peint (1770-1914)." Lyon 2, 2003. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2003/jacque_b.
Full textFrom 1770 to 1914, wallpaper became the premier decoration in western interiors. Until recently, its study is concentrated on the history of style and little is know about the general context in which it was produced. It is necessary to investigate the circumstances of its creation; the firm, the studio, the factory, and to study its marketing and consumption. By focusing on these aspects we achieve a greater understanding of what is lying beneath its surface and which gives it meaning. During the 18th century wallpaper was still produced for elite markets, about which a good deal is know. By using the archives the King's house, and, the rich archives of N. Dollfus & Co in Mulhouse, it is possible to provide an answer to some of the questions about its context. During the 19th century, the consumption of wallpaper increased with the introduction of mechanization : the study concentrates on products intended for elite markets, such as the "scenics", "decors" etc. Documented in the archives of the Jean Zuber & Co, Rixheim. This study establishes wallpaper firmly as a fundamental element of the culture of the interior at every level of society
Leneman, Benjamin. "Le protectionnisme technologique : transfert de la technologie mécanique anglaise vers les Etats-unis et la Russie durant le XIXème siècle." Paris 9, 1989. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1989PA090023.
Full textThe impact of a technological protectionist policy on industrial development is illustrated by an historical case: the role of the english embargo on the industrialization, from, 1860 to 1913, of the present "super-powers" the U. S. And russia. The key innovations on mecanization emerged in the Lancashire cotton industry (1760-1840). An embargo on these technologies know-how and machinery - was instituted from 1785 to 1842. This embargo led, in a first stage, to a twenty years growth lag for russia as well as for the U. S. . But after 1860, to a paradox; it stimulated the growth of the U. S. . Country where the controls were the harsher. Therefore. A technological embargo should be assimilated to a rent which could be used by a country to retain its technological advance
Montalbo, Adrien. "Primary education, industrial activities and economic growth in nineteenth-century France." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019EHES0163.
Full textIn this thesis, I study the links between primary education, industrial activities and economic development in nineteenth-century France. In the first chapter, I investigate the rationale behind the expansion of primary education in France, from the Revolution to the Guizot Law of 1833. If the unequal educational achievements between French departments have been deeply studied and related to economic, geographic and cultural factors, nearly nothing has been said about the influence of primary schools' functioning on these achievements. Thanks to the use of precise data at the level of municipalities and primary schools themselves, I show that, after the Revolution, municipalities took over the control of primary schooling in areas previously well-endowed in primary schools. By subsidising teachers, they contributed to alleviate the schooling fees and therefore the cost of education for families. This contributed to increase enrolment rates. Also, municipalities subsidising schools were recruiting and attracting more qualified and efficient teachers, which contributed to increase teaching quality and the accumulation of human capital. Municipal investment, determined both by demand and supply forces, is therefore a key factor in understanding the development of primary schooling in nineteenth-century France. The second chapter focuses on the relations between primary education and industrial activities in early nineteenth-century France. I investigate in particular how these activities influenced the presence of primary schools, enrolment rates and human capital accumulation within municipalities. To do so, I use the presence of mineral deposits to instrument the location of factories. I find that industrial activities favoured the presence of schools through an indirect income effect. A higher industrial production was leading to a higher amount of taxes collected by municipalities and therefore to a greater financial capacity to subsidise primary schooling. However, I find no positive link between industry and enrolment rates or human capital accumulation. On the contrary, I present evidence of a negative association between some industrial sectors, mining and textile in particular, and enrolment rates. In the third chapter, I study the influence of primary schooling on economic development in nineteenth-century France and up to World War I. To do so, I use three different estimation strategies. Firstly, I exploit a regression discontinuity induced by the Guizot Law to determine the impact of primary school's creation. Secondly, I use the proximity of municipalities to printing presses established by 1500 to instrument primary schooling achievement. Both methods return a positive effect of education on the subsequent growth of municipalities. Finally, I use a matching technique to evaluate the influence of schooling quality on growth, which I also find to be positive. Therefore, basic education and the acquisition of elementary knowledge and skills contributed to the development of French municipalities during the century of industrialisation and modernisation
Orselli, Jean. "Usages et usagers de la route : pour une histoire de moyenne durée (1860-2008)." Paris 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA010523.
Full textPortal, Marie-Laure. "La production textile (coton, laine, soie) en aire hellénophone moderne : analyse technique et historique." Paris 4, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA040280.
Full textBy examining the textile production (cotton, wool, silk) in the Greek-speaking area, from the end of the XVIIIth century to the period between the wars, this thesis has a triple aim. The first has the ambition (by the whole study) to open researches on textile (and more widely on the techniques) in modern Greece. The second (1st part of the thesis) trends towards building, from the equipment of modern Greek-speaking area, a general model of analysis to treat further cases and the heuristic feature of which would allow to analyse textile in other historical situations. The 3rd treats historical questions the study of which is difficult by the lack of existing works; this new approach makes us choose 4 parts in the modern Greek-speaking area (2nd part of the thesis): history of judgment, sharing-out of production according to places and circles, beginnings for a history of innovations and the main features of the community of art problem
Mathis, Charles-François. "L'émergence d'une pensée environnementale en Angleterre au XIXe siècle." Paris 4, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA040114.
Full textFollowing the industrialisation and urbanisation of England which started in the mid-18th century, and following the new vision of nature as a landscape, a "sentimental" conception of environment emerged in the 1830s-1840s. It was marginalised until 1870, but this period was nonetheless one of gestation of the environmental movement. From the 1870s onwards, the sentimental conception became pre-eminent in the country, due to the success of the environmental movement and the creation of new environmental organisations, such as the National Trust. But this success led the movement to question its own contradictions, and to be divided into two groups : the utopians, who refused the industrial and urban civilisation, and the reformists, who only wanted to check its impact on environment
Le, Terrier Xavier. "L'agriculture cannière et l'industrie sucrière à La Réunion au cours de la seconde moitié du XIXe siècle, 1848-1914 : entre croissance et crise." La Réunion, 2008. http://elgebar.univ-reunion.fr/login?url=http://thesesenligne.univ.run/08_16-leterrier-a-opt.pdf.
Full textThis thesis aims at examining the actors and factors pertaining to the problems of the sugar-cane farming methods and the manufacturing of sugar in the main sugar-producing french colony from 1848 to the eve of W. W. I. How, in Reunion island, did sugar-producing development combine with crisis during the second half of the 19th cebtury? How did the sugar production of Reunion island fit in with the overall colonial and national output and, indeed, even with the world production? How did farming methods come into play with the development of the main economic activity of the colony? How did agriculture and industry respond to the crisis which stettled in the early 1860's ; mamely to the prospect of a labour force shortage and a slump in the sugar market? What industrial policy did landowners and experts adopt with regard to the sugar industry during thatperiod? A study of series holds a central position in this thesis. In fine, it's a question of relating the space growth of the sugar estates to the technical choices made in the world of agriculture and manufacture and to the social advancement noted in the sugar-producing plantations of Reunion island in the second half of the 19th century. This thesis should clarify our knowledge of the sugar-producing world which has modelled the landscape, the ways of thinking and the behavioural patterns of the society of the island
Dorel-Ferré, Gracia. "Les colonies industrielles en Catalogne : le cas de la Colonia Sedo." Paris, EHESS, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989EHES0045.
Full textBuller, Vizcarra Carlos. "L' économie du vin à Arequipa : les vallées de Vitor, Majes et Moquegua entre 1770 et 1850." Paris, EHESS, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009EHES0082.
Full textThe curve showing the output of wine, the main agricultural product in the Vitor, Majes and Moquegua Valleys in c. 1770-1850, is here studied based on the documentation derived from the tithes paid in Arequipa. The curve show the expansion in the output ofwine unti11816, when the sector began its final decline due to the collapse of the commercial networks brought about by the independence of Peru. The dissertation likewise studies the price and commercialisation of wine, similar staples (wheat, maize, potatoes) as well as the local, regional and global historical contexts
Lefort, Anne-Cécile. "L' usine en périphérie urbaine 1860-1920 : Histoire des établissements classés en proche banlieue parisienne." Paris, CNAM, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002CNAM0416.
Full textIn the second half of the 19th century, the inner parisian suburb has been touched by a brutal development of industry. Under the weight of a strong demographic pressure, the inner north-east outskirt got violently urbanized, without physical planing or territorial organization. A large part of suburbanite industries produced classified goods coming under regulation established by the 15th october 1810 decree. This regulation has been enforcing for more than hundred fifty years. This regulation has been implemented in a specific way in the department of Seine. State and departmental authorities used it in order to discharge insalubrius activities and undesirable productions out of the capital. Prestigious parisian ambitions came true to the detriment of inner suburb. The north-east quarter received all kinds of productions needed by Paris and saw it landscape changing gradually. The inner suburb has been reacting to the situation little by little and denouncing it since 1880