Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Industrie et commerce du bois'
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Kibamba, Jean-Christian. "Les effets des activités de la filière bois sur le milieu naturel : perception des problèmes dans les entreprises lorraines du bois." Nancy 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997NAN21020.
Full textThe industrial transformation generates pollution and nuisances. Like all industries, wood industry generates during its various stages of the manufacturing and of the treatment of wood material, different kinds of polluting agents which spread through the nature in differents states : as a solid (different discards), as liquid (chemical products having the polluting agents) as a gaz (any gaz more or less dangerous. The wood industry is also face the increasing of the contestations from people living not for from its installations and chiefly from public opinion. Norvadays, many rules are required to its various installations; others will be applied on the products deriving from the wood industry, which must respect some ecological criteria exacted by various regulations which tend to control industrial activity and the necessity to protect the environment. To understand very well the risks of pollution generated by the wood industry in the environment, and also to know the attitude of the industrialists facing these problems, an requiry in the industrial middle allows us to knom the state of the industrial plants and the reason of the main problems of environment or the problem capable to be faced in different sectors of the wood industry. The importance of the nuisances depends very often on the size of the enterprises and on theirs production process. What is worth saying is that in Lorraine, the pollution caused by wood industry is weak. This is due by the dispersion of the industrial installations, the slight use of chemical products, the adaptation and the progressive modernization of the industrial tissue. Yes, somme problems still exist. They concern chiefly noise, the using of discards produced by chemical products and the best control of the installation of wood combustion
Bakouma, Jean. "Tendances et perspectives du commerce des sciages africains : contribution à l'élaboration d'un modèle d'échanges intra-africains." Nancy 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997NAN20010.
Full textTHE INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN TROPICAL TIMBER IS LIMITED BY TRANSPORTATION COST AND INCREASINGLY, BY ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS. AS MANY DEVELOP COUNTRIES BEGIN TO REDUCE THEIR IMPORTS OF TROPICAL TIMBER, PRODUCERS WONDER WHETHER IT IS POSSIBLE TO FIND ALTERNATIVE MARKETS IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES. THIS QUESTION IS PARTICULARLY RELEVANT FOR AFRICAN SAWNWOOD, WICH GENERALLY APPEARS LESS COMPETITIVE THAN SIMILAR PRODUCTS FROM ASIA, EVEN IN EUROPEAN COUNTRIES WHICH ARE ITS TRADITIONAL MARKET. SO, THIS research TRIES TO ANSWER THE QUESTION OF A POSSIBLE REDEPLOYMENT OF EXPORT FLOWS OF AFRICAN SAWNWOOD IN THE MARKET OF SOME AFRICAN IMPORTING COUNTRIES. USING AN ECONOMETRIC MODELISATION, BASED ON THE AVAILABLE INTERNATIONAL STATISTICS, TWO ECONOMETRIC MODELS WERE MADE : ONE ON SUPPLY, AND ONE ON DEMAND. THEY WERE ESTIMATED BY ORDINARY LEAST SQUARE METHOD WITH TIME SERIES DATA, AND BY THE METHOD OF COVARIANCE ANALYSIS WITH CROSS-SECTION DATA. THE SIMULATIONS WICH HAVE BEEN CARRIED ON WITH THESE MODELS HAVE SHOWN THAT AN INCREASE OF INTRA-AFRICAN TRADE OF SAWNWOOD IS NOT UNREALISTIC. FINALLY, THESE TWO MODELS ALLOWED TO CONSTRUCT A MODEL OF A SINGLE-PRODUCT SPATIAL EQUILIBRIUM MARKET BY THE ADEQUACY OF DEMAND AND SUPPLY. SUCH TRADE MODEL IMPLIES ON THE ONE HAND THE REQUIREMENT TO PROMOTE AFRICAN SAWNWOOD EXPORTS, AND ON THE OTHER HAND, AN INCREASING CO-OPERATION BETWEEN AFRICAN COUNTRIES IMPORTING AND EXPORTING SAWNWOOD
Vicq, Pierre. "Une prise de pouvoir de la ferme générale en Lorraine : bois de salines et faux saunage (de 1698 à la révolution)." Nancy 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998NAN20019.
Full textPilon, Thierry. "Concept et analyse de filière : théorie économique et application à la "filière-bois"." Pau, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PAUU2018.
Full textStarting with a critical reexamination of the different channel economic approaches, this research tests a dual (systemic and structural) procedure of sector-based analysis applicable to all relevant industrial meso-systems. Thus, in the considered case, the imbalance both "ex post" and "ex ante" identified between foresters (followers) and processing manufacturers (leaders) would suggest a wood marketing reform. Likewise, an increase of driving effects would go first through the optimal development of sawing techniques (key stage of the french forestry sector)
Bertin, Charles. "Efficacité des marchés de bois bruts : économie expérimentale et industrielle." Grenoble 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009GRE21001.
Full textThis thesis analyses the French timber auction mechanism and explores new market organizations to improve allocation efficiency and sellers' revenue, using experimental and theoretical tools. The first chapter gives a description of the French timber industry and underlines several important features of the sequential auction mechanism currently used by the Office National des Forêt (ONF) to sell public timber lots. In the second chapter we show, through a theoretical model, that switching from the actual sequential mechanism to a simultaneous auction could improve sellers' revenue. This result comes from economies of scale (or geographic complementarities as they are called in the literature) in the harvesting process that, if they are sufficiently large, yield higher bids in simultaneous auctions than in sequential ones. The third chapter extends this analysis by considering allocative externalities that may occur if bidders' preferences include geographic complementarities. In such a case, with a sequential auction, we show that buyers have an incentive to collude. Because there are not such incentives in a simultaneous auction, this mechanism could be a competing alternative to the sequential auction. In the last chapter we investigate the relevance of the first price payment function used by the ONF. Here, we experimentally compare a first price and a second price sealed bid auctions with buyers' preferences including complementarities. Contrary to theoretical predictions, we find that a first price mechanism yields higher revenues than second price auction
Fuentealba, Cecilia. "Approche biométrique pour l'identification automatique des produits bois." Nancy 1, 2005. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_2005_0133_FUENTEALBA.pdf.
Full textThe concept of traceability has been introduced to our everyday life due to recurrent problems in the agricultural and pharmaceutical industries. However, other industrial areas subject to minimum safety restrictions are also involved in the technologies related to this concept. Thus, they are trying to meet the growing demand of clients in terms of quality, delays and personalization of products in an ever-competitive market through traceability. The environment of this work is related to wood industries for which the ecocertification and the improvement of the production process performances are two motivating factors for the start up of traceability. In fact the characteristics of products and industry processes make difficult the synchronization of product flow with information flow and, consequently, the access to information for all actors of the transformation chain. The problem can be summarized in two points : (1) The lack of means of automatic identification, for an individual follow up of products. Commonly used systems like bar codes and electronic labeling show limitations in certain parts of the life cycle. (2) The lack of an information system able to offer in-line information necessary for decision making and able to ensure afterwards the usefulness associated to traceability. Then this work deals with these two complementary problems. First, the start up of a non-destructive control sensor is proposed for setting a biometrical identification of products. The sensor, based on microwave technology, allows the acquisition of representative signals of the inner structure of wood. These signals are treated and then delivered to an algorithm of pattern recognition. A proposition for an information system model is shown for answering the second problem. Such model focused on the product takes into consideration all transformations that may be performed during the fabrication process. Moreover, the modelling makes evident the different automatic identification systems that are possible to use through all the life cycle of the product
Meausoone, Pierre-Jean. "Approche en ingénierie concourante pour les indutries du bois." Nancy 1, 1996. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_1996_0265_MEAUSOONE.pdf.
Full textEyenga, Doline Pulchérie Marie-Hortense. "Le supply chain management : un levier d'intégration des global value chains : le cas de la xylo-industrie au Cameroun." Aix-Marseille 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX24008.
Full textThis research in doctorate degree rely on the law N°94/01 of 20th January 1994 bringing the forests regime, which compel the enterprises of exploitations of forests in Cameroon to realize henceforth, the first level of transformation of woods locally. The signature of passage to the industry in sector of the Xylo-industry imposes then, a structural changing of the initial channel of transformation of tropical woods going out from Cameroon. This structural changing causes a logistical problem which retains the attention of researchers. The circulation of the flows between the industries of the first localized transformation in Cameroon and the second industrials transformation localized in the developed countries should have intensified and the logistics demands will become stronger. How does one succeed the integration of channel between the enterprises of a developening country and that of developed countries? The objective of this research is to understand the functioning of the xylo-industry in Cameroon to reach at the actionable propositions centered on the logistics and the SMC. To reach it, a diagnosis of difficulties was realized by the three categories of actors which have been identified. It has been rely on a study of unique case. A literature review around the logistic of SMC and the Global value chains was judicious for better comprehension of our research. The propositions of elaborated research from the literature have been putting into test the facts towards the enterprises of the first industrial transformation in Cameroon by a questionnaire. In conclusion, an amelioration of logistic management in the enterprises of the industry of the first transformation of woods in Cameroon is an indispensable condition of their integration in the global value chains
Koffi, Yeboa Alexis. "La résilience des relations clients-fournisseurs interentreprises : une monographie du commerce international du bois de la Côte d'Ivoire." Paris 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA020076.
Full textPinta, François. "Développement méthodologique pour la valorisation bois d'oeuvre d'une ressource forestière donnée : développement d'un outil d'aide à la décision et étude de cas au Cameroun." Nancy 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001NAN10175.
Full textGauvent, Marc. "Optimisation de la durée de vie d'un outil de coupe pour l'industrie du bois : analyse et compréhension des modes d'usure : mise au point de solutions innovantes avec tests industriels." Nancy 1, 2006. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/prive/SCD_T_2006_0215_GAUVENT.pdf.
Full textFor each kind of production, the tool's wear can make important consequences on her. Wear is a common subject through the industry, and this phenomenon mastering always makes an advancement for entreprises who are interested in. This work deals with the wear phenomenon decomposition between different processable studies in order to permit a study and a global comprehension of this complex phenomenon. That's why we decided to separate the general cutting hedge general wear in wood industry second transformation between two parts : corrosion and abrasion. According to the wood material and his cutting specificities, the corrosion study was made by an electrochemistry test adaptation whereas the abrasion one needed the creation of a specific testing stand : TEEMO. To complete this study, we carried out experiments on generated temperature during the machining process. Through all this project, the results validates the departure theories i. E. Corrosion and abrasion have interaction to generate the cutting hedge global wear. With the sights of this work, the chemical composition of the cutting material is a factor as important as the material mechanic properties against the wear
Prieur, Anne. "Les ressources forestières : produits du bois, usages énergétiques, capture et stockage du carbone." Bordeaux 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BOR12871.
Full textKomon, Jean-Paul. "L'économie du bois au Cameroun : analyse structurelle du secteur forestier et perspectives de son développement." Montpellier 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987MON10007.
Full textSince 1973, the policy for development of timber economy in cameroon comprises three objectives firstly, the promotion of national companies in forestry, secondly the diversification and reinforcement of administrative and forest valorisation methods and finally an improvment in the timber industry's contribution to the expansion of the national economy. As a direct result of this policy, those responsable for the national economy have by means of multiple financial and fiscal advantages encouraged the development of a national forestry sector, which has been superimposed on a production structure completely dominated by foreign capital and for the most part extrovert. The characteristic dualisme and disarticulation of the timber economy. In cameroon, have largely contributed, to the alteration of results in the timber sector and to the "sylvoindustrial" companies diversion from the objectives specified in the project. Now the future of the timber economy seems blocked by the narrow local market and insufficient infrastructures and financial resources. The revival of foresting activities would require a transformation of disarticulation by means of group production systems, the promotion of units whos size would be relative to the local market and the adjustement of financial and administrative institutions to the problems to timber sector
Foeh, John E. H. J. "L' Asie du Sud-Est dans les échanges internationaux de bois tropicaux." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990INPL025N.
Full textLe, Net Elisabeth. "La transformation du système productif russe depuis la Perestroi͏̈ka : le cas du complexe forêt-bois." Nantes, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NANT4004.
Full textSince 1992, Russia has supposedly experimented a transition that is to say a shift from a planned economy to a market economy. There was agreement among economists on the reforms to undertake (macroeconomics stabilisation and privatisation) ; the open debate concerned only the pace and the sequencing of reforms. Those approaches offered in fact a limited analysis of the productive system included in a deterministic vision of the changes and in a perspective of a break-up. We propose through a study of the forest-wood sector, a re-reading of measures taken in Russia by using the traditionnal outline of the Industrial Economics. Our aim is to draw the theoretical bases of the transition, the levels of measures and their limits. We offer another analysis in order to investigate the transformation of a productive sub-system, in this case the forest-wood Complex. It comes out that the path way of the forest-wood Complex is rather specific due to wew actors (financial industrial groups, new Russian elite, ministerial spin-offs, associations, etc. ) who keep up unstable networks and react to reforms. This pathway contrasts with those analyzed by studies on other natural resources in the Russian Federation. We conclude that Russa is going neither towards a sustainable forest management, nor that it can get a major position on the world wood market
Kombo, Norbert. "Maîtrise de l'acheminement terrestre des produits primaires dans un pays en voie de développement : le cas de la filière bois du Congo." Caen, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996CAEN1190.
Full textThe Congo is a wood-producing country but its exploitation of resource is not rational. The production system of these species of wood is characterised by an under-exploitation of the resources. Producers give greater importance to commercialization and neglect the forwarding of woods. The congolese people who are in charge of production and routing do not master these operations. Spatial contrains actually need to be taken into consideration for the well running of economic activities. You need to exploit the link which binds planification of wood-production together with the control of its conveying if you want wood-industry to be a good asset in the development of the gross domestic product. The mattering of wood-tranportation and the planification of production are indissociable. It allows to reduce transportation costs and it is an efficient factor which can also grow production. The improvement in the way production and transportation are adrieved is not enough to overcome the difficulties experienced in the branch, but it can avoid the perpetuation of economic weaknesies. The dependance and the weakness of economic structures originate from an ill circulation of products and people in the space
Daheur, Jawad. "Le Parc à bois de l'Allemagne : course aux ressources et hégémonie commerciale dans les bassins de la Vistule et de la Warta (1840-1914)." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAG041.
Full textThis thesis deals with the German attempts to take control over timber resources in the Baltic area between 1840 and 1914. Focused on the trade in the Vistula and Warta river basins, it shows how the rising German economy managed to make the local forests into its backyard by securing cheap and stable access to timber resources. German firms progressively achieved trade dominance by developing transport technologies and reinforcing their financial and organizational capacities. They also managed to take advantage of the local economic and political weaknesses. Through ecological and economic explanation of timber extraction and processing, the thesis underlines the role played by foreign timber in the preservation of the German forests. It also describes the impact of this process on the local population and environment. Finally, the thesis advocates for a truly global history of the German forest
Cadieux, Pierre. "Sociétaire gouvernemental dominant et adaptation stratégique : le cas de l'industrie du bois de sciage au Québec." Aix-Marseille 3, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990AIX32038.
Full textThe vision of the firm has been modified over the years to include an increasing number of stakeholders. This new vision has allowed us to observe the fact that the government was the most influential stakeholder due to the means at its disposal to influence the rule of the game. This study shows that in the presence of a domineering governmental stakeholder the firm has developed economic, social and political strategies
Delamare-Calot, Agnès. "Approches méthodologique d'amélioration des performances des systèmes de production de la seconde transformation du bois." Nancy 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993NAN10120.
Full textThe industrial markets evolve to the personnalization of the production and the need of reducing the production costs. The aim of firms is to satisfy the custom demands in time and at competitive prices. Our work consisted in setting a methodology of production systems' analysis aiming to improve their performances. In this context, we have proposed to use the combination of technics as process simulation, method of experimental designs and data analysis methods. We have deepened process simulation in the steps which have been less studied : data analysis and results exploitation. This methodology has been, next, implemented to help the furniture and joinery firms on designing their workshop
Py, Vanessa. "Mine, bois et forêt dans les Alpes du Sud au Moyen-Age : approches archéologique, bioarchéologique et historique." Aix-Marseille 1, 2009. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00443963.
Full textDe, rouffignac Aliénor. "Diversité des patrimoines et valorisation de la biomasse forestière : Quelles mutations des filières forêt-bois ?" Thesis, Reims, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019REIME006.
Full textClimate change now imposes new development opportunities or constraints on industries with a high environmental impact, such as the forest industry. The ecological transition and Bioeconomy then appeared as the main solution to modify these sectors based on a productivist economic model, towards sustainable industrial development. In this context of transition, this thesis proposes to understand the dynamics and evolution of the forest-based sector, especially with regard to the development of lignocellulosic biorefinery. This particular sector crystallizes environmental and energy-related issues of the current climate change context and also questions the importance of territory, insofar as the forest biomass valorization is dependent on the localized exploitation of natural resources. From a mesoeconomic point of view, the analysis of the dynamics of this complex and territorialized sector is based on the co-construction of economic actors, firms, industries and territories in which they operate. The objective of the thesis is to determine the characteristics of the interactions between these different stakeholders as well as their historical and territorial dynamics, which constitute the productive heritage of these sectors. The dimensions of these heritages highlight the possible paths of forest biomass valorization and allow us to question the visions of the future of the different stakeholders that also contextualize the trajectories of the forest-based sector
Servais, Anne. "Des Indes à l'Europe : production, commerce et approvisionnement de l'Occident en bois de brésil, (XIIe-XVIe siècle)." Thesis, Paris 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PA01H002.
Full textDuring the Middle Ages and the XVIth century, brazilwood was a red dyewood used in the Western world not only for textile dyeing, but also in painting, especially in manuscript illuminations, as recently shown by physic-chemical analyses. In mediaeval times this material xas imported from Asia, and from the end of the XVth onwards it came from Latin America. This research tries to investigate how in the Middle Ages and in the early modern era brazilwood travelled from such remote areas to Western Europe and could thus be available on the market to European craftsmen and artists. The first part of this study seeks to determine when and how the Medieval West came to know this new material, before analyzing what Europeans knew about this wood and about the tree that produced it. The second part, focusing on Asian brazilwood, identifies production areas in south and south-east Asia, before tracing down the commercial roads followed by this dyewood, first through the Middle East during the Middle Ages, and then from the New World : it defines when and where American brazilwood was produced ; it analyses the conditions of its production and finally considers the specific trade system established by the Spanish and Portuguese Crowns to exploit this natural resource
Jambes, Jean-Pierre. "L'or vert du Sertão : combustibles ligneux, économie et sécheresse dans le Nordeste brésilien." Pau, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PAUU1002.
Full textProfessions connected with the exploitation of firewood and vegetable coal went through a period of intense development in brazil's nordeste at the beginning of the nineteen eightles. This phenomenon can be explained through the conjunction of that period : on the one hand, a drought which, from 1979 to 1983, imperiled the agro-pastoral economy of the semi-arid hinterland (the sertao); on the other hand, the increase of the price of hydrocarbons brought about by the second oil crisis. Lack of water almost completely destroyed local agriculture, making it thus necessary for the sertanejos to exploit the ultimate resources of the natural environment : the wood of the sparsely wooded forests of the hinterland. The production, first of firewood, then of vegetable coal, thus increased markedly, all the more so as the soaring prices of hydorcarbons compelled almost all the cement works and the mining concerns in the nordeste to replace oil by-products by ligneous fuel. This twofold exploitation of the work force and of the ecosystem), which is at the origin of the development of the professions linked with the exploitation of firewood, gradually lost its impetus with the return of rain in 1984-85. From 1986 onwards there began a period of shortage, particularly of coal, which hit the concerns which used it. Besides the resuming of traditional agro-pastoral activities, it illustrates the disengagement of the leaders of the sertao economy who, confronted with the disruption of the conditions of production, gradually gave up trading ligneous fuel. Beyond the strictly contingent aspect of this phenomenon, part of the working of the sertao society, its cumbersome structures and its relation-ship with the dominant areas of the brazilian coast are also revealed
Buridant, Jérôme. "Les espaces forestiers laonnois : début XVIIe-début XIXe siècle : hommes, environnement et paysages à l'époque pré-industrielle." Paris 4, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA040173.
Full textTisserand, Eric. "Les forêts vosgiennes à l'ère industrielle : Naissance et formation d'une filière bois dans le département des Vosges, de la Révolution à la Grande Guerre 1790-1914." Thesis, Mulhouse, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MULH1138.
Full textIn the 19th century as the Vosges département was going through large scale industrialisation dominated by the textile industry, how did its traditional activities linked to logging take part in that economic boom? From the early nineteenth century the exploitation of its forests (occupying more than 200,000 hectares - nearly 38% of the surface of the département) was beneficial to the development of the production of sawn products (boards and roof timbers) floated down the waterways (the Moselle and mainly the Meurthe river) to be sold outside the Vosges. It also boosted the production of various wooden objects and implements. Then the logging industry experienced many changes from the 1850s and 1860s onwards, thus keeping pace with the increasing development of industry. Logging grew thanks to a more rational management of forested areas (annual rhythm of the cuttings, multiplication of the roads devoted to transport) and produced about 800,000 cubic metres of timber annually. The manufacturing organised in small and medium sized family-owned businesses gradually came to form the backbone of an industrial sector through the development of sawmilling activities (booming of family-owned sawmills), manufacturing activities (carpentry, cabinet-making and production of various wooden objects), and also a paper making sector using pulpwood. Comprised of almost 800 businesses employing a nearly 10,000 strong local workforce (managers and employees) the timber industry left a definite print on the Vosges at the turn of the 20th century and gives a fine example of the driving force played by small businesses in the progessive and smooth industrialisation of certain territories
Tabourdeau, Antoine. "Entre forêt et énergie : composer la transition : le cas du bois-énergie en Auvergne et Rhône-Alpes." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENH005/document.
Full textThe thesis uses the case of fuelwood to study how energy transition causes changes in natural resources management. Our work is based upon two case studies, French regions Auvergne and Rhône-Alpes, and we follow configurations from local to national levels. Balance of powers induced by asymetries of information on the available resource and the development of a common action along different levels of scale are our two main threads. In the first part, the chapter 1 focuses on relationships between forest and energy but also territorial, environmental and climatic policies. Our work highlights the spatial constraints wheighing upon forest resource. Fuelwood resource is different from other renewable energies because of its difficulties of access and its slow renewal, whereas solar or wind energies are infinite. Those bio-physical barriers are the reason for struggles between forest and energy stakeholders regarding which supply models to prefer: on the one hand, forest stakeholders advocate small boilers using local resource in small quantities, whereas, on the other hand, energy stakeholders prefer important boilers requiring long road transportation (hence more CO$_{2}$ emissions) but enabling economies of scale. Moreover, there is important internal problems in the forest sector, which represents the second most important source of trade deficit in France (after hydrocarbons) and experiences difficulties to sell national timber. Therefore, we present a context with strong uncertainties, both political and scientific. In the second chapter we conduct a statistical typology on fuelwood in Europe, in order to characterise more objectively the French situation. Then, the thesis analyses the sequences of the development of fuelwood in France, since the 1970s, to show how its use became progressively more rational. In the second part, our work investigates how national policies are dealt with by regional stakeholders, in Auvergne in chapter 3, then in Rhône-Alpes in chapter 4. This part underlines in particular the importance of asymetries of information among actors networks, the need for reliable tools and the different roles of forest and energy sector at regional level. Third part emphasizes, in chapter 5, that fuelwood can be analyzed as a common good and the need for polycentricity, i.e. multiple control levels. Finally, chapter 6 demonstrates how the assignation of a political value to fuelwood, and more generally to the energy and environmental transition, change balance between levels, from local to national
Martin, Patrick. "Etude du comportement des poutres lamellées clouées boulonnées en flexion." Phd thesis, ENGREF (AgroParisTech), 2006. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00003306.
Full textNsi, Be Rolie. "Organisation de la formation et perception de l’identité professionnelle : le cas des formations des métiers du bois au Gabon." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM3067.
Full textGabon, since 2010, has banned the export of logs. Through this decision, the government encourages the processing of wood in the country before it is exported. This to raise the issue of availability of trained manpower in training institutions to transform the wood locally. Structures exist in sufficient numbers for the second transformation where companies are more artisanal than industrial and the number of companies in the industrial manufacturing is non-existent. This opens a large field of possibilities to question the adequacy: training, the effectiveness of their training action or commitment of the actors (students, teachers, trainers companies) engaged in such training. In fact we went to ask the students to identify the realities of satisfaction, learning and adaptation in order to identify the elements that allow them to build useful professional identity in their adaptation to their profession for a better fit. The results of this thesis will take a critical look at the real expectations of young people are moving towards technical education and vocational training at Gabon. For the administration and the wood industry, this look must encourage practical analysis of the needs in term of reform for the industry and training to identify efficiency factors to be taken into account for the evaluation optimization training and adaptation of the workforce for work in this sector currently factors
Pelletier, Chloé. "Analyse environnementale et économique des filières bois-énergie." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0331/document.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to conduct the environmental and economic analysis of several wood-to-energy production chains based on various wood combustion technologies. The material and energy balances of the production chains are determined with modeling of forest growth and of wood combustion. The wood combustion models use the emission factors from real-scale experimental tests on stoves and boilers. Forest growth is modeled for maritime pine and beech plantations, according to several forest management schemes. The data on the harvest, transformation, and transport steps, as well as the economic data, were taken from the literature. The environmental analysis compares the impacts calculated by two methods: ReCiPe and CML 2001. A dynamic analysis of the “climate change” impact complements the discussion on the environmental impacts of energy wood. Finally, we open a broader perspective with modeling of land use and production costs of bioenergy on a global scale. The results of the Life Cycle Analysis show the importance of both combustion quality (linked to combustion technology), and the transformation and transport steps. For instance, pellet stoves and boilers have excellent efficiencies, but suffer from the consumption of fossil fuels to dry the biomass. These technologies are also much more expensive to buy than log stoves or boilers. The dynamic analysis shows that the intensification of wood production via the shortening of growth cycles leads to higher impacts that are not completely offset by the higher production rate
Richou, Elsa. "La filière forêt-bois française confrontée aux défis de l’écologisation : de l’arbre «sensible» à la malforestation." Thesis, Pau, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PAUU1080.
Full textSince the beginning of the 21st century, the French forest-wood sector has been considered a major player in the current debate on the impacts of climate change as well as a tool to address this issue. Wood, which is considered a "renewable" resource, is destined to become a substitute of choice for less "sustainable" resources (i.e. petrochemicals ressources). In this sense, the forest-based sector, which has clearly perceived the challenge, must, but also wishes to produce more. Therefore, the national forest and wood programme (PNFB 2016-2026) foresee an additional mobilization of 12 million cubic metres by 2026. However, the sector is nowadays facing the consequences of the increasing écologisation of the minds at work in French society. On this account, the forestry currently practised is being called into question through the promotion of the notion of malforestation. In addition, society is significantly reinvesting in the forest as a space for resourcefulness, through forest bathing, with the parallel emergence of a new approach to the forest ecosystem based on reflections on the sensitive tree.In this context, our PhD research aims to highlight, on one hand, how the forest-bases sector, and especially its industry, is being questioned by the phenomenon of écologisation ; and on the other hand, how the actors of this same sector perceive the stakes induced by this contemporary questioning
Tripodi, Dominique. "Facteurs pronostiques et marqueurs tumoraux de l'adénocarcinome de l'ethmoïde." Nantes, 2009. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=82de0e22-227b-4427-b8c3-d56f13e55fa9.
Full textEthmoid adenocarcinoma, due mainly to wood dust exposure, is the second occupational cancer in France. On a retrospective study about 98 patients recovered from 1987 to 2004, we concluded that global survival rate was 62% at 5 years and was infuenced by exphtalmus, diplopia, TNM stage, local extension to dura and to sphenoid, macroscopic and microscopic control (p<0. 001), cribriform plate surgery (p=0. 0294). Cox model isolated four influencing factors : diplopia (p=0. 0159), orbit extension (p=0. 0113), bilateral extension (0. 00113), TNM stage (p<0. 001). Survival rate was not influenced by duration of exposure to wood dust; nevertheless, total tobacco consumption (pack. Years) could influence survival rate (p=0. 0004). The second study was prospective: 26 patients who had presented ethmoid adenocarcinoma were analyzed. In an attempt to identify genes involved in this disease, we proceeded to a gene expression profiling using cancer-dedicated microarrays, on nine matched samples of sinonasal adenocarcinomas and non tumoral sinonasal tissue. LGALS4 was highly up-regulated, particularly in the most differentiated tumors, and CLU was lost in all tumors. After further evaluation, LGALS4 and CLU may be useful for an earlier detection of cancer in high-risk woodworkers, using sinonasal smear
Ouedraogo, Boukary. "Éléments économiques pour la gestion de l'offre et de la demande du bois-énergie dans la région de Ouagadougou." Bordeaux 4, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BOR40035.
Full textVassilopoulos, Philippe. "Les prix des marchés de gros de l'électricité donnent-ils les bons signaux et les bonnes incitations pour l’investissement en capacité de production électrique ?" Paris 9, 2007. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2007PA090053.
Full textWe look at how prices from energy-only power markets can send the right signals and give the correct incentives for investments in production capacity. Through numerical simulations of spot prices over 2003-2005 we compare the investment signal sent by observed electricity prices in France and what would be competitive prices with an optimal mix and with the installed capacity. The observed prices tend to overestimate profitability for the baseload and underestimate profitability for the peak load. However, as a large share of consumers is still paying regulated tariffs, scarcity rents are capped. We simulate future prices for France for 2010 to 2020 to understand the incentives to invest. When the entry is free, the incentives to invest given by the future prices are consistent with the optimal mix including the interconnections and nuclear build is strong. With barriers for new entrants (i. E. Finding new sites), there are no incentives for the incumbent to add more nuclear capacity unless units are bid strategically. Moreover, it can also be profitable to limit prices and entry in order to increase future revenues. When the baseload is less concentrated and instead of a dominant firm the nuclear capacity is divided into five (equal share) firms, incentives to invest reappear
Kebbi-Benkeder, Zineb. "Biodiversité interspécifique et intraspécifique des extractibles nodaux." Thesis, Paris, AgroParisTech, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AGPT0072/document.
Full textWood is a renewable material used by man for construction, furniture, paper making, energy, etc. Wood contains extractives of great economic value which belong to various chemical families such as terpenes, flavonoids, tannins, etc. The knots (base of the branch embedded in the trunk) of some tree species are extremely rich in extractives.This study aims at analysing the inter-specific, intra-specific and within-tree variabilities of knotwood extractives to target the richest species, stations and tree parts. For that purpose, the knots of twenty-three species and those of fifteen firs grown under different conditions were extracted using several solvents and analysed. The results confirm the richness of knots compared to heartwood and sapwood for all species. Overall softwood knots contain mainly more extractives than hardwoods. The main compounds identified in softwoods are lignans, stilbenes, flavonoids and terpenes Gallic acid and flavonoids are present in hardwoods. The study of the vertical profile shows that concentrations decrease from the base of the crown to the tree tip. In addition, the results highlight the influence of growth conditions since dominant trees and/or those grown according to dynamic silvicultures are particularly rich in knot extractives. These results allow considering the valorization of wood industries by-products as bioactive molecules resource for various applications
Ben, Abbes Kalila. "Acteurs et stratégies de la filère bois : modélisation et application à la France." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM1099.
Full textCette thèse est réalisée dans le cadre d'un contrat CIFRE avec le centre technique FCBA. Elle pour objet d'élaborer une modélisation économique de la filière bois en France centrée sur la première transformation, par un travail théorique complété par une dimension de recherche appliquée.Nous avons pu bénéficier d'une importante base de données individuelles, dont nous avons tiré une analyse statistique des acteurs de la première transformation de la filière bois entre 1994 et 2004. Nous avons complété cette analyse par une étude économétrique sur l'estimation des structures de production des scieries afin d'évaluer la substituabilité des facteurs de production. Les résultats statistiques montrent l'hétérogénéité de la filière, et la nécessité d'une modélisation afin de mieux comprendre les comportements et d'évaluer les impacts d'éventuels chocs. Le modèle, validé par un comité de pilotage, a été calibré par les données individuelles et différents chocs, notemment la montée en puissance du bois énergie, ont pu être testés.Enfin, le dernier chapitre de la thèse se concentre sur l'arbitrage entre les utilisations proprement dite de bioénergies renouvelables comme le bois et d'énergie non renouvelable comme par exemple le gaz. De nombreuses études s'intéressent à l'arbitrage entre les énergies épuisables et non épuisables, mais le cas de l'énergie issue de la forêt est particulier, car elle peut tout à fait être détruite aussi bien qu'être gérée et donc se renouveler, mais cela impose des contraintes supplémentaires. Nous étudions alors les trajectoires optimales afin de comprendre les impacts d'éventuelles taxes ou subventions sur l'utilisation de ces ressources
Fabre, Camille. "« Pour hediffier ou pour ardoir ». Le bois à Toulouse à la fin du Moyen Âge." Thesis, Paris 4, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA040105.
Full textThis PhD deals with the expansion of the wood trade in the Toulouse area during the last two centuries of the Middle Ages (from the late 13th century to the early 16th century). The purpose of this study is to understand how wood became a recognized commodity. The originality of this word lies in the aim of globally comprehending the entire wood industry, from the production to the uses, from timber to firewood. The first two chapters are devoted to the management of woodlands, whereas the third one describes how wooden goods were qualified when put on the Toulouse market. Two chapters then examine the demand and its evolution,using the data collected from the inquisitions post mortem. The sixth chapter is dedicated to wood transport, especially using log floating. I then describe how several guilds were established, and how firewood trade developed. A final chapter examines the reality of a wood shortage, by studying clearances and public supply in the late 15th century. This work draws on statistic mapping. It’s concluded that firewood trade really did expend at the time, using water-transport, even though there were not any true wood merchants to find in Toulouse but only multi-trade sellers
Frayssinhes, Rémy. "Optimisation des paramètres de déroulage du douglas et modélisation des propriétés mécaniques de panneaux de LVL intégrant les données sylvicoles." Thesis, Paris, HESAM, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020HESAE056.
Full textDouglas fir was established massively in France around 50 years ago. The proportion of large tree, due to aging of the stands, will increase in the years to come. Part of this resource will not correspond to the supplies sought by the largest sawmills and will depreciate. Peeling process is well suited for the enhancement of this resource. In France, Douglas fir is not a peeled species due to its recent maturity. Veneers can be used to make plywood panels, but also LVL. A study of the optimal peeling parameters was necessary in order to obtain quality veneers. Then, a model taking into account the silvicultural data of a stand was developed in order to estimate the mechanical properties of LVL beams. It was used to predict the mechanical properties of beams made with trees from three plots of "contrasting" silvicultural routes. A simulation of a 20-year pruning on these trees shows the value of using this decision-support tool for managing forest stands
François, Jessica. "Modélisation et évaluation environnementale des filières de cogénération par combustion et gazéification du bois." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0071/document.
Full textBiomass is one of the most promising renewable energy source in Europe. Its use as a substitute to fossil energy is expected to mitigate climate change. However, potential drawbacks are also feared with large scale development. In order to assess the environmental impacts of the biomass-to-energy chain, we firstly developed a model of the bioenergy system, from the forest to the energy production. We focused on two biomass power plants for combined heat and power (CHP) production: one is based on the conventional direct combustion process while the other is based on the more advanced gasification process. Gasification offers higher electrical efficiency, but its development is still facing technical difficulties. In case of the gasification process, we defined the best operating conditions regarding energetic and exergetic efficiencies, as well as the syngas quality requirements. Secondly, we calculated the carbon and mineral flows taken from the forest through energy wood harvesting, along with the forested area required to feed the CHP plant. The other resources and emissions related to the plant operation were also predicted. We observed that more extensive forestry practices led to an increase in the mineral exports. Finally, we evaluated the environmental performance of the two biomass CHP plants using life cycle assessment (LCA). Within French energy context, we found that both CHP technologies had very similar impacts with a slight advantage toward the combustion process. It appears of particular benefit to replace current fossil energy systems with biomass CHP plants to reduce climate change
Cassagne, Bernard. "Le problème du bois de feu dans les villes d'Afrique tropicale : le cas de Bangui (RCA)." Montpellier 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987MON20210.
Full textBlondel, François. "Approvisionnement et usages du bois en Auvergne, du Second âge du Fer au Moyen Âge." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCH021/document.
Full textWaterlogged woods are rare discoveries in archeology because of the conditions inherent in their conservation. When they reach us, they give a lot of data on the importance of this material for past populations.Auvergne is a privileged context for their conservation. Thousands of woods from fortuitous discoveries or archaeological excavations are dated from the Neolithic to the modern era, however the corpus covers mostly the Second Iron Age until the Middle Ages.The diversity of the woods enables a better understanding of different uses according to their respective destination.The state of conservation of many elements gives information about the different stages of shaping, from the felling of the tree to its implementation.Each wood is detailed specifically by field and category to be compared with the remains of other regions. The technological and typological approach is treated as exhaustively as possible.Taxonomic diversity documents collection practices and their evolution in a forest area impacted by humans.The contribution of dendrochronology informs the evolutions of supplies, mainly for the construction, and releases certain features of the silvicultural practices in the exploited forest stands
Cantelaube, Jean. "Forge à la catalane et forgeurs ariégeois : la longue fidélité des Pyrénées à la réduction directe du minerai de fer (XVIIe-XIXe siècle)." Toulouse 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU20076.
Full textThe catalan forge was born and was perfected during the XVIIth century in the Foix county and in the East of the Pyrenees. This ironworks is a major technical innovation to be seen in the context of a long fidelity to the direct smelting of iron ore. At the origin of an iron industry, it has a higher output of recognizable metal (fer mol, fer fort, acier naturel), saving charcoal at the same time. The quick diffusion of this inventionon both sides of the Pyrenees and the systematic appeal to Ariege ironworkers show that it answers metal processing methods appropriately, with costs compatible with the rural society finances, bearable for the mountain environment, acceptable for the mountain communities in the traditionla agro-pastoral civilization and finally closely connected with the regional market demands belonging to Toulouse. This forge allowed mountain people getting always more numerous to survive in the high valleys. The catalan forge disappeared at the end of the XIXth century (to be more precise in 1884), while pyrenean society undrewent a radical transformation
Caurla, Sylvain. "Modélisation de la filière forêt-bois françaiseÉvaluation des impacts des politiques climatiques." Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00772255.
Full textRoda, Jean-Marc. "Réseaux d'entreprises et stratégies industrielles dans les forêts tropicales." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011300.
Full textDe nouveaux systèmes de production flexible se développent depuis les années 1990. Ils sont basés sur des réseaux d'entreprises, très mobiles et très réactifs, et montrent des spécialisations spécifiques de leurs marchés. Ils sont surtout le fait de communautés de Chinois d'Outremer, d'Indiens, de Libanais et d'Italiens. Ces quatre types de réseau sont en fait très semblables dans leur organisation. Les entreprises concernées sont simultanément en coopération et en compétition, d'où le concept de coo-pétition. Leur compétitivité se base sur l'échange d'information et la minimisation des coûts de transaction.
A la croisée de l'économie, de la géographie, des sciences régionales et de gestion, un modèle théorique généralisé de la production en réseau explique tous ces différents réseaux d'entreprises. La confiance et la réputation sont institutionnalisées. L'intermédiation entre les acteurs a ont un rôle essentiel. Le concept de dimension de la transaction est proposé. Dans cette dimension, les entreprises optimisent leur localisation grâce la hiérarchisation des relations entre acteurs et leur communautarisme. Le modèle explique aussi la dynamique des réseaux, la résilience de leurs propriétés, l'emboîtement de leurs échelles de structuration.
Des systèmes multi-agents basés sur Visual-Basic et sur Cormas permettent de valider expérimentalement le modèle, en simulant les réseaux d'entreprises et leurs dynamiques.
Marty, Gérard. "Sociologie des institutions marchandes : le cas de la mise en vente des bois publics en Lorraine." Thesis, Paris 4, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA040081/document.
Full textThis thesis gives a sociological perspective on a debate that started more than thirty years ago, concerning the choice of methods for selling public timber. For this reason, the first part of the thesis focuses on the study of the auction system − the main selling method still used by the French National Forest Service. We have identified the conditions of the embeddedness of auctions, considering that during the exchanges actors are influenced by the complex interaction of economic, socio-structural, politic, cognitive, formal and informal institutional factors. We have shown that the point in using auctions has to do with its capacity to collectively find a consensus about the value and the distribution of timber lots. In the second part of the thesis, we have analyzed the recent evolution of the institutional framework applied to the public timber sales by leaning on the concepts of “the social construction of institutions” and “path dependence”. We have demonstrated that, despite the institutional lock-in that has been organized around the auction (since) for many centuries, the raise of supply contracts − due to the storms of 1999 and the planned action of a part of the timber industry − has indicated the outbreak of an institutional junction regarding the selling methods of public timber. After the presentation of the economic and non-economic factors underlined by the supporters of both selling methods we have concluded that in the future the double trajectory (auction/supply contracts) should be kept, since it should make it easier to find solutions to the various supply-related problems of the timber industry
Purba, Citra Yanto Ciki. "Characterization and valorization of secondary quality hardwood as structural material." Thesis, Paris, AgroParisTech, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AGPT0002/document.
Full textTo improve the value of secondary quality hardwood, it is important to understand its wood properties and optimize its mechanical properties. The variability of some structural, physical and mechanical properties of wood from beech and oak trees issued from thinning was studied. Logs from these trees were rotary peeled in three different veneer thicknesses (2.1, 3, and 4.2 mm). Veneer quality was assessed by measuring the veneer knot proportion and checking properties. The mechanical properties of LVL (laminated veneer lumber) made from these veneers were measured using the static and dynamic method. Juvenile wood in both species is concentrated in a very small area near the pith thus there will be no or low part juvenile wood peeled. The wood mechanical and physical properties of both species were strongly influenced by the wood density. The 3 mm thick veneer provided the optimal mechanical properties for LVL for both species. Such mechanical properties are comparable to LVL made with other hardwood species. The internal veneer provided LVL with higher density, but lower mechanical properties as a result of its higher proportion of knots
Montouroy, Yves. "Enjeux forestiers globalisés et territoires : les acteurs européens face à la régulation politique multiscalaire." Thesis, Bordeaux 4, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR40034/document.
Full textThis work aims at contributing to the study of the European Union and International Relations. Through analyzing the regulation of forest-based industries and the globalization of forest issues, the aim is to identify how both have been constructed as a European public problem. This is implemented around a central hypothesis: forest territories are institutionalized by actors who participate in its regulation. In order to ascertain the ability of actors to move between scales of regulation, the thesis is grounded on theoretical tools derived from the Theories of international relations and Public policy analysis. After a first part dedicated to defining this approach, a second is presents three case studies of European public policy (forest protection against fire, t renewable energy and actions to counter the trade of illegal wood). In sum, each one shows the ability of actors to territorialize a globalized forest issue
Benadid, Farida. "La veille, catalyse de l’innovation : conception d’une méthode appliquée a la filière forêt-bois-papier." Thesis, Bordeaux 4, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR40043/document.
Full textThe thesis proposes an original methodology allowing the detection of potential themes of innovation and research which can lead to projects. This methodology is based on the strategic scanning and the knowledge management which are two components of competitive intelligence. It is applied to the Forest-Wood-Paper sector in Aquitaine and leans on two key informative supports of this sector: the Technology Plateform Forest-Wood-Paper and the COST « Forest, Products and Services ». Combining the methods of strategic scanning and knowledge management, the analyzed information ends in the construction of two cognitive maps: a mind map and a conceptual map. These last ones highlight potential themes, that is: those being able to be the object of a project of research and innovation. To be successful, these potential themes shall deal with industrial needs deserving a deepening with concerned partners. The method leads to select two themes: the intelligent cover of wooden surfaces and the use of agro-materials in the construction, which end in the execution of three projects: the collaborative project « Smart Wood Coating », a COST project « Smart and innovating technologies for wood » and the collaborative project “Housing Resource Evolution Life” (RHEV). All concern technological innovations, the two first ones are determined by environmental regulations and the last one by societal demand. This thesis brings to light and analyzes the way competitive intelligence and knowledge management can catalyze innovation
Bilot, Nicolas. "Raisonner la filière de production de plaquettes forestières pour sa performance énergétique et l'exportation d'éléments nutritifs en forêt." Thesis, Paris, AgroParisTech, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AGPT0033.
Full textThe increasing demand for energy wood requires a better knowledge about the production system. This work is about modelling the chain producing wood chips for energy.Growth and yield models are built by forest scientists, and some models can predict contents in biomass and nutrients in trees. The study of the chain of harvesting, transforming and transporting energy wood is made by a community of forest and wood scientists, relying on principles from process engineering. Fuel qualities from elemental composition are modelled in the field of energy sciences.By connecting and completing this knowledge, the thesis proposes an original approach to consistently integrate models from the different fields of science. This bottom-up approach conserves a high level of information about the system, and a high flexibility in the configuration of the simulated chain.Original models were developed for the chain. Model formulation was made respecting the most frequent level of detail found in literature. An original model was developed to predict fuel quality relying on nutrient content predicted with models developed in forest sciences.A software tool was developed to integrate these models. “ForEnerChips” calculates material fluxes from forest growth to heating plant via the whole chain. This allows for the assessment of energy balances, and nutrient exportations and restitutions, according to choices made in the configuration of the chain (scenario analysis). Its implementation into the CAPSIS software platform allows a potential connection to about 70 growth and yield models for different species, regions or management regimes.The simulator was connected so far to a particular growth and yield model for common beech (Fagus sylvatica L.). A scenario representative of current management practices was studied and compared to alternative scenarios. Other ideas of potential uses are suggested
Houessou, Benjamin. "Le processus de construction d’une GPEC-Territoriale : réflexion à partir de dispositifs de GPEC-Territoriale pilotée par la Chambre de métiers et de l’artisanat de Loir-et-Cher." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REN1G006/document.
Full textNowadays HRP is built increasingly on a territorial scale. Institutional actors from different backgrounds and varying size businesses work together to put in place actions that address issues related to employment, training, and skills. These approaches are sometimes in "hot", sometimes in "cold" depending on the circumstances, territories and stakeholders. The extension of the building of the HRP across a territory can be justified by taking into account several factors: internal or external to enterprises, policies, situational, socio-economic, etc. Thus through converging wills, multiple actors aspire to lift the limits and shortcomings related to HRP by using a HRP-Territorial. This new construction approach and analysis of HRP nevertheless raises several questions. Among the many questions we reflected about five of them: how do actors work together? What diagnosis allows to unite stakeholders around HRP-Territorial? How is this HRP-Territorial built in terms of phasing? How do actors agree on the construction and content of the actions of HRP-Territorial? How to mobilize actors in such collective approaches? These questions are taken from the main issue of our research: What is the process of building a HRP-Territorial involving institutional actors and businesses? We discussed and debated these issues on the basis of empirical data collected in two cases: HRP-Territorial in the Community of communes of Cher à la Loire and the HRP-Territorial in the timber Industry in Loir-et-Cher. Those data are collected by observation, qualitative interview, quantitative studies and documentaries. Theory of interaction, actor network theory, rational choice theory and mobilization theory served as our analytical framework. At the intersection of these approaches and these analyzes, it appears that the HRP-Territorial be built from a few necessities : the ability of the pilot to work together several actors, establishing a prior and shared diagnosis that rely on problem and challenges for companies and territory, mobilization of actors through selective incentives and analysis of priority categories of actors. Furthermore, it appears that the contents of the HRP-Territorial is continuously translated and obtained by relative consensus. Finally, and despite the particular case of each situation, a modeling phase of this construction is possible
Bernier, Isabelle. "Négoce et industrie à Mulhouse au XVIIIe siècle : 1696-1798 /." Toulouse : CNRS-Université Toulouse-Le Mirail, 2008. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb41398655v.
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