Academic literature on the topic 'Industry automation'

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Journal articles on the topic "Industry automation"

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Farrell, Bradley. "The role of the human in an age of automation." APPEA Journal 58, no. 2 (2018): 545. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj17188.

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The liquefied natural gas (LNG) industry in Australia has a very large installed asset base that is highly automated. This paper explores established, emerging and experimental automations that could materially impact human work in existing LNG facilities. The focus is on automations that assist with physical interventions on the built asset. Riley’s method for assessing the level of automation is used on current and emerging automations in the industry. Use cases demonstrate that as automation increases, the primary focus of the human becomes one of system design, monitoring and intervention. The changing role of the human in this age of automaton has important implications for the development of human work skills for the future: with increasing automation, the nature of work will change. In the future (1) field workers need to supervise and maintain robots, (2) functional specialists need to define and debug robot instruction sets, and (3) system designers need to master the opportunities and challenges in an exciting new field: the robot-human-interface.
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Bühler, Ch, A. El Mhamedi, J. J. Rowland, A. J. Wells, and P. Albertos. "Industry Automation." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 23, no. 3 (September 1990): 5–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1474-6670(17)52526-4.

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Ayadi, Rami, Rasha M. Abd El-Aziz, Ahmed I. Taloba, Hanan Aljuaid, Nadir O. Hamed, and Moaiad A. Khder. "Deep Learning–Based Soft Sensors for Improving the Flexibility for Automation of Industry." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2022 (April 11, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5450473.

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Automation in industries offers the benefits of enhancing quality and productivity while minimizing waste and errors, raising safety and adds stability to the production process. Industrial automation offers high profitability, reliability, and safety. It is beneficial to employ machine learning in the field of industrial automation as it helps in monitoring and performing maintenance on industrial machinery. Rational industrial development is closely associated with efforts for automating industrial techniques in all existing ways. Latest improvements in the automation of industrial systems resulted in decrease in cost of energy consumption and hardware. The proposed system is dealt with deep learning–based soft sensors for automation of industrial processes. The eminent benefits of soft sensors are versatility, flexibility, and low cost. With deep learning, many number of features could be processed. Thus, deep learning–based soft sensor encapsulates the above benefits. Soft sensors offer another way for the measurement of process variables, which are measured offline. Deep learning techniques are famous in the design of soft sensors for tough nonlinear systems due to the robustness and accuracy. The work depicted here designs a soft sensor based on deep learning algorithm for automation of industry. In the proposed system, a soft sensor contemplated on deep learning such as the deep neural network (DNN) is presented. The application of deep learning–based soft sensors in the automation of some industrial processes is also discussed here. The proposed system is tested on automatic control on solar power plants and in the measurement of reactive energy in industries. It was found that the proposed system yielded better results with its application in the automated industrial processes.
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Bement, James. "Automation Will Drive Industry Revolution." Journal of Petroleum Technology 63, no. 11 (November 1, 2011): 18–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/1111-0018-jpt.

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Tomovic, Aleksandar. "Industry Automation: Processing Dimensional Stone." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 30, no. 6 (May 1997): 1233–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1474-6670(17)43530-0.

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Bansal, Pradeep. "Automation in the building industry." Science and Technology for the Built Environment 24, no. 1 (October 31, 2017): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23744731.2017.1399651.

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Manser, Peter. "Automation in the plastics industry." Industrial Robot: An International Journal 28, no. 2 (April 2001): 119–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01439910110694813.

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KIRK, L. A. "Automation in the Paper Industry." Journal of the Society of Dyers and Colourists 84, no. 2 (October 22, 2008): 82–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-4408.1968.tb02800.x.

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Wittenberg, Gunter. "Automation in the Footwear Industry." Assembly Automation 13, no. 3 (March 1993): 14–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb004395.

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Reinschmidt, Kenneth F. "Automation in the construction industry." Engineering with Computers 3, no. 1 (March 1987): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01198144.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Industry automation"

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Hedlund, Markus. "Eye tracking technology for Automation Industry." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för informationsteknologi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-182145.

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This master thesis is done at CrossControl, a company in the automation industry. A literature review was done covering state of the art technology of eye-tracking and gaze control and how it can be used in the automation industry. One purpose with the study was to indentify features important for an eye-tracker in automation applications. Findings suggests that there are no standard methods for measuring the performance of trackers and further that performance in regard to gaze control is limited by physiology of the eye rather than limitations of the devices. The differences between trackers are found in robustness when it comes to differences in people or conditions in the environment. A prototype was made for demonstration. The prototype was built on equipment used in the industry combined with an eye-tracker from Tobii. A library, where coordinates from the eye-tracker were used to indicate what object in the interface was gazed upon, was implemented and used to demonstrate concepts such as buttons outside the screen activated by gaze.
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Hudman, Frederick Mark. "Aspects of automation in the shoe industry." Thesis, University of Hull, 1997. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:4991.

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The shoe manufacturing industry has undergone a revolution during the last 50 years, due to the introduction of task specific machinery. Great technological strides have been made in the areas of shoe manufacture prior to actual component assembly. Computer systems are now becoming the norm for the design of shoes for today's market place. Technological innovations have also started to be applied in the assembly and construction processes of modern shoes. Computer controlled cutting machines calculate the optimum usage of leather from any given hide, new machines allow decorative stitch patterns to be associated with a given shape and size of component and automatically stitched on to the presented workpiece. However the majority of assembly operations have remained predominantly manual with technology playing a secondary role to the human operator due to complexities either in manipulation, control or sensing. In these machines electronic and mechanical innovations have been used to add new features to often simple machines and in some cases to simplify some of the more complex operations, thus increasing productivity but reducing the required dexterity and knowledge of an operator. Modern preferences in industry are to utilise fully automated machines, that are as operator independent as possible, thus improving quality, consistency and production speed whilst at the same time reducing production costs.Due to the nature of the shoe manufacturing industry and the complex operations that have to be performed in order to construct a shoe, machinery manufacturers who have ventured into this field of automation have generally struggled to gain acceptance from the shoe makers as the machinery is generally complex and slow in operation. This together with the fact that a large proportion of the world's main footwear production is centred in the far east, with their correspondingly low labour costs, has held back the automation of the shoe manufacturing industry.This thesis examines a selection of operations encountered in the construction of a typical shoe. These include operations for processing single flat component parts as well as more complex three-dimensional operations encountered when lasting and soling a shoe. The aim of the research was to develop an understanding of processes encountered in specific areas within the shoe manufacturing industry in order to identify areas where further advances in automation could be achieved. This understanding has been applied to produce proposals and in some cases hardware, to allow for the development of working systems.
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Carvalho, Ruy de Quadros. "Programmable automation and employment practices in Brazilian industry." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.357248.

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This thesis examines the labour implications of the diffusion of programmable automation (microelectronics-based automation) in Brazilian industry. The objective of the thesis is to investigate whether the new technology is contributing to the superseding of TayloristlFordist forms of work organisation and to the emergence of new employment practices. A hypothesis is formulated, in Part One, which takes into account the predominant view in the literature addressing the specific role of the new technology in the transformation of work. The core of the hypothesis is that, in the branches of manufacturing industry which are adopting programmable automation, labour utilisation and work organisation tend to converge towards a pattern which was inaugurated by highly automated, continuous-flow process industries. Hence it is called the convergence hypothesis, in this thesis. To test the pertinence of the convergence hypothesis for the case of Brazilian industry is the major undertaking of the thesis. The research strategy adopted is to examine and compare the two poles of the hypothesis. Thus, two sectoral studies are carried out: one, in the Brazilian car industry, and the other, in the Brazilian petrochemical industry. The main sources are primary data collected in car and petrochemical firms and statistics produced by the Brazilian government. Part Two of the thesis presents the findings of research, as well as the lessons drawn from the case studies. The main conclusion of the thesis is that convergence has not occurred in the Brazilian case. In Brazil, the diffusion of programmable automation has been associated with the continuation of major intersectoral differences in the use of labour. Given the selectivity of the diffusion of programmable automation in the car industry, firms continue to rely heavily on the work of semi-skilled workers and Fordist work organisation is still the predominant paradigm. This research shows the reproduction of the gap between a small group of skilled workers and a majority of semi-skilled workers. As regards wages, careers and labour turnover policies, car companies have blended the introduction of new policies with the continuation of some of the "old style" policies. This situation is contrasted with that found in the petrochemical industry, which is based on a type of technology which entails a less pronounced division of labour. There, a high level of automation implies that the bulk of employment is indirect. This research found a more homogeneous workforce in the petrochemical industry: the majority of workers are skilled and possess a high educational background, by Brazilian standards. However, managements' concern with control of labour continues to mark their choices of work organisation, job design and industrial relations, in both industrial sectors. This is in conflict with managements' declared interest in promoting workers' involvement with the innovation and quality related objectives of firms. Such contradictory practices, as much as selective automation, are part of a defensive modernisation, which is the ad hoc way in which most of the firms studied reacted to the new challenges, under worsening economic crisis.
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Kan, Yen-sam Sammy. "The reality of the paperless construction project." Thesis, Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2006. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B36789239.

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Brönmark, Jonas, and Mikaela Åkerlind. "Supporting Communication and Collaboration in the Process Automation Industry." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för datavetenskap, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-47722.

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This thesis shows new domains for social media applications. More specifically, it explores how communication and collaboration can be supported in the process automation industry.´A concept demonstrator was implemented using the Sencha Touch framework. The prototype is based on several identified use cases, and has been tested and evaluated with end users.The design and functionality is inspired from social media applications such as Facebook and Stack Overow. These kinds of popular social media platforms have developed an intuitive way of structuring and grouping information. This report shows that these information structures are indeed applicable in non traditional domains, such as the process automation industry.The concept answers to identified problem scenarios, e.g., communicating information between shifts and support of handling alarms. It also approaches personalization in order to support users focus and interest.
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Ward, P. T. "Visual inspection, its automation and application in the textile industry." Thesis, De Montfort University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/10675.

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Abboud, Nicolas Walid. "Automation of the parking industry : a strategic and managerial overview." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/37742.

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Lima, M. F. de A. G. de. "Automatic handling of knitted outwear garments." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.383907.

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Broadhurst, Simon John. "Non-man-entry sewer renovation robot characteristics." Thesis, Sheffield Hallam University, 2000. http://shura.shu.ac.uk/19398/.

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The reported work lies in the area of automation in the construction industry, and involves multi-disciplinary engineering studies. In particular, sewer renovation methods, computer vision (CV) and robotics are all included. More specifically, the key objective of the research programme was to investigate the characteristics of retrofit components suited to mounting on an industrial / proprietary sewer tractor. The overall aim was the provision of a non-man-entry (NME) sewer renovation robot to undertake reconnection of lateral junctions, following a cured-in-place (CIP) relining process. The programme primarily involved theoretical studies of the requisite sensory and kinematic components, incorporation of a novel computer vision sensing system and production of a chainage measurement system and robotic drill task arm. The theory was supported by laboratory testing using a modified proprietary tractor, with emphasis placed on promoting applications of information technology driven systems (i.e. CV) to construction-industry tasks within hazardous environments involving significant health issues. The use of such techniques in the construction industry is rare. Chapter 1 reviews the context and history of sewer maintenance/dereliction in the UK. NME sewers are the most common type and are, by definition, difficult to maintain. Renovation, typically employing CIP liners, is therefore a cost-effective alternative to replacement. Lateral connections are, inevitably, blocked off during the relining process; it is suggested that application of a robust robotic system to the task of reconnecting them is novel and offers clear potential within such a hazardous environment. Chapters 2 and 3 develop the underlying theoretical models of the CV and kinematic systems respectively. The novel CV work (provided by third party specialists employing the TINA CV research environment) was incorporated by the author to provide detection and classification of lateral junctions, crucially noting the particular properties of direct and reflected illumination. Classification aspects include estimation of lateral/NME intersection angle and closure-to-target distance from the robot. The author proposes a separate procedure for estimating lateral diameter. A chainage measurement system, using a rotary encoder and inclinometer, was developed to determine invert path distance travelled. This allows for the inevitable wander and thereby gives the system robustness. The novel application of GRASP (a robotic modelling and simulation design tool) to NME environments, provided the ability to model arm designs without the need for the production of more than one expensive physical prototype. A mathematical solution for determining the requisite arm kinematics is presented. Chapter 4 details the hardware requirements of the robotic system components, whilst Chapters 5 and 6 present the laboratory evaluation results for the kinematic and CV systems respectively. The abilities of the CV system qualitatively to detect laterals under reflected illumination, and to provide quantitative classification data, are demonstrated. The chainage measurement system is assessed under a variety of initialisation conditions to determine suitability to task, and the ability of the robotic arm to physically simulate lateral reconnection is investigated. Chapter 7 discusses the specification for an industrially-applicable prototype, based on the findings herein. Appropriate comparisons with the pre-prototype system are made, including cost. Finally, Chapter 8 draws conclusions and makes suggestions for further work. Supporting documentation is provided in Chapter 9 and the Appendices.
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Pillay, Prabshan. "Factors which affect the levels of automation in an automotive final assembly plant." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1019800.

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In the global automotive industry there is a drive toward integration of autonomous and human operated equipment. Monfared and Yang (2006:546) suggest that this dynamic requirement could be met with elements to be investigated in a research paper. Current investigations show a gap in management not having a guideline which can be used to help decide between automation versus human capital in the planning of new production facilities in the automotive assembly plant. (Skjerve and Skraaning, 2004:3). The purpose of this research is to determine what factors affect this decision-making process. In order to carry out this research, an in-depth literature review was conducted using various sources. The sources included, but were not limited to, interviews at assembly plants, the Nelson Mandela Metro University library, various e-journals and the internet. The literature review led to the finding of the factors which affect Levels of Automation (LOA) and to the development of the research instrument which was used to measure the impact of those factors. The results of fifty-two (52) respondents were then analysed and used as evidence to support the three hypotheses proposed. As a result of completing the above procedure the following hypotheses were supported. The greater the level of technology and the lower the skills of employees the greater the level of automation in an automotive assembly plant to be used. The greater the complexity of the assembly processes the lower the level of automation in an automotive assembly plant to be used. The higher the flexibility the greater the level of automation in an automotive assembly plant to be used. This means that managers and supervisors of assembly plants should consider the level of technology and skills of employees, flexibility and complexity during the design stages of an automotive assembly line as these factors will affect profitability by reducing waste, improve quality as well as allow for flexibility in customer demand in terms of volumes and product variance.
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Books on the topic "Industry automation"

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Delson, Erwin B. The factory automation industry. New York, N.Y: Find/SVP, 1987.

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Delson, Erwin B. The factory automation industry. New York, N.Y: Find/SVP, 1985.

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Vassiliadis, S. G. Automation and the textile industry. Guimares: EUROTEX, 1996.

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Moore, C. A., ed. Automation in the Food Industry. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-6508-6.

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Clark, C. S. Automation in the sewn products industry. [London?]: Taylor Hitec Consultancy, 1987.

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K, Bose L., and Mining, Geological, and Metallurgical Institute of India., eds. Machanisation & automation: The future for mineral industry. Kolkata: Mining, Geological & Metallurgical Institute of India, 2001.

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Rutkauskas, Romas. Networks for building and industry automation: Textbook. Kaunas: Technologija, 2004.

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Szewczyk, Roman, Cezary Zieliński, and Małgorzata Kaliczyńska, eds. Automation 2020: Towards Industry of the Future. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-40971-5.

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Payne, Hilary. Approaching home automation. Menlo Park, CA (333 Ravenswood Ave., Menlo Park 94025-3476): SRI International, Business Intelligence Program, 1990.

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Automation unplugged: Pinto's perspectives, pointers & prognostications. Research Triangle Park, NC: ISA, 2004.

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Book chapters on the topic "Industry automation"

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Martínez, Inma. "Automation." In The Future of the Automotive Industry, 113–31. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-7026-4_7.

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Mody, Ashoka, and David Wheeler. "The Automobile Industry." In Automation and World Competition, 128–59. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-11312-5_4.

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Bolz, Roger W. "13A Industry Applications: Automotive Automation." In Manufacturing Automation Management, 215–20. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2541-3_42.

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Bolz, Roger W. "2C Industry Applications Textile Automation." In Manufacturing Automation Management, 34–36. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2541-3_7.

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Steen, W. M. "Laser Process Automation." In Laser Applications for Mechanical Industry, 31–43. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1990-0_3.

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Cichocki, Andrzej, Abdelsalam Helal, Marek Rusinkiewicz, and Darrell Woelk. "State of the Industry." In Workflow and Process Automation, 91–107. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5677-0_6.

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Bolz, Roger W. "3B Industry Applications: Deep-lane Storage." In Manufacturing Automation Management, 47–48. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2541-3_10.

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Bolz, Roger W. "3C Industry Applications: Job-lot Production." In Manufacturing Automation Management, 49–50. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2541-3_11.

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Bolz, Roger W. "4C Industry Applications: Automatic Batching Systems." In Manufacturing Automation Management, 78–83. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2541-3_17.

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Bolz, Roger W. "4D Industry Applications: Automated Can Production." In Manufacturing Automation Management, 84–85. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2541-3_18.

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Conference papers on the topic "Industry automation"

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"Automation: Industry Applications." In 2007 IEEE International Conference on Automation Science and Engineering. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/coase.2007.4341648.

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"Industry Applications, Automation, and Industry 4.0." In 2019 IEEE 2nd Ukraine Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering (UKRCON). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ukrcon.2019.8879855.

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Pathak, Kalpesh B., and Ketan K. Acharya. "Automation in entertainment industry." In 2011 Nirma University International Conference on Engineering (NUiCONE). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nuicone.2011.6153318.

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"Automation." In Conference Record Cement Industry Technical Conference, 2005. IEEE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/citcon.2005.1516346.

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Ahmed, Khandakar, Nazmus S. Nafi, Jan Olaf Blech, Mark A. Gregory, and Heinrich Schmidt. "Software defined industry automation networks." In 2017 27th International Telecommunication Networks and Applications Conference (ITNAC). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/atnac.2017.8215391.

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Gerin, M. "Collaborative automation." In Developments in Control in the Water Industry. IEE, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ic:20030248.

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Derby, Stephen, and Clay Cooper. "Modular Automation Concepts: Opportunities and Challenges in Industry." In ASME 1998 Design Engineering Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc98/flex-6016.

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Abstract The goals of Modular Automation Concepts (MAC) for the automation field are presented. In order to demonstrate the strategies, the packaging automation industry is reviewed to find new opportunities for production machines. These new machines were designed with the MAC techniques. Other challenges from the industrial side to Modular Design are also discussed.
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DiFrank, Gregory. "Automation primer-"Discussion of the various levels of automation"." In 2007 IEEE Cement Industry Technical Conference Record. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/citcon.2007.358985.

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"Industry Liaison." In 2007 Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aspdac.2007.357780.

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"Industry liaison." In 2009 Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aspdac.2009.4796429.

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Reports on the topic "Industry automation"

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Mitchell, Phil, and Robert Russell Hurst. Technology assessment of automation trends in the modular home industry. Madison, WI: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/fpl-gtr-188.

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McNamara, Laura, Randolph Brost, and Daniel Small. Final Report: Estimating the Value of Automation for Concentrating Solar Power Industry Operations. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1824743.

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Webb, Philip. Unsettled Issues on the Viability and Cost-Effectiveness of Automation in Aerospace Manufacturing. SAE International, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/epr2021005.

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The aerospace manufacturing industry is, in many ways, one of the most sophisticated commercial manufacturing systems in existence. It uses cutting-edge materials to build highly complex, safety-critical structures and parts. However, it still relies largely upon human skill and dexterity during assembly. There are increasing efforts to introduce automation, but uptake is still relatively low. Why is this and what needs to be done? Some may point to part size or the need for accuracy. However, as with any complex issue, the problems are multifactorial. There are no right or wrong answers to the automation conundrum and indeed there are many contradictions and unsettled aspects still to be resolved. Unsettled Issues on the Viability and Cost-Effectiveness of Automation in Aerospace Manufacturing builds a comprehensive picture of industry views and attitudes backed by technical analysis to answer some of the most pressing questions facing robotic aerospace manufacturing.
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Kovesdi, Casey, Zachary Spielman, Jeremy Mohon, Tina Miyake, Rachael Hill, and Chloe Pederson. Development of an Assessment Methodology That Enables the Nuclear Industry to Evaluate Adoption of Advanced Automation. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1822880.

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Buchanan, Ben, Andrew Lohn, Micah Musser, and Katerina Sedova. Truth, Lies, and Automation: How Language Models Could Change Disinformation. Center for Security and Emerging Technology, May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51593/2021ca003.

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Growing popular and industry interest in high-performing natural language generation models has led to concerns that such models could be used to generate automated disinformation at scale. This report examines the capabilities of GPT-3--a cutting-edge AI system that writes text--to analyze its potential misuse for disinformation. A model like GPT-3 may be able to help disinformation actors substantially reduce the work necessary to write disinformation while expanding its reach and potentially also its effectiveness.
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Roye, Thorsten. Unsettled Technology Areas in Deterministic Assembly Approaches for Industry 4.0. SAE International, August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/epr2021018.

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Increased production rates and cost reduction are affecting manufacturing in all sectors of the mobility industry. One enabling methodology that could achieve these goals in the burgeoning “Industry 4.0” environment is the deterministic assembly (DA) approach. The DA approach is defined as an optimized assembly process; it always forms the same final structure and has a strong link to design-for-assembly and design-for-automation methodologies. It also looks at the whole supply chain, enabling drastic savings at the original equipment manufacturer (OEM) level by reducing recurring costs and lead time. Within Industry 4.0, DA will be required mainly for the aerospace and the space industry, but serves as an interesting approach for other industries assembling large and/or complex components. In its entirety, the DA approach connects an entire supply chain—from part manufacturing at an elementary level to an OEM’s final assembly line level. Addressing the whole process of aircraft design and manufacturing is necessary to develop further collaboration models between OEMs and the supply chain, including addressing the most pressing technology challenges. Since all parts aggregate at the OEM level, the OEM—as an integrator of all these single parts—needs special end-to-end methodologies to drastically decrease cost and lead time. This holistic approach can be considered in part design as well (in the design-for-automation and design-for-assembly philosophy). This allows for quicker assembly at the OEM level, such as “part-to-part” or “hole-to-hole” approaches, versus traditional, classical assembly methods like manual measurement or measurement-assisted assembly. In addition, it can increase flexibility regarding rate changes in production (such as those due to pandemic- or climate-related environmental challenges). The standardization and harmonization of these areas would help all industries and designers to have a deterministic approach with an end-to-end concept. Simulations can easily compare possible production and assembly steps with different impacts on local and global tolerances. Global measurement feedback needs high-accuracy turnkey solutions, which are very costly and inflexible. The goal of standardization would be to use Industry 4.0 feedback and features, as well as to define several building blocks of the DA approach as a one-way assembly (also known as one-up assembly, or “OUA”), false one-way assembly, “Jig-as-Master,” etc., up to the hole-to-hole assembly approach. The evolution of these assembly principles and the link to simulation approaches are undefined and unsolved domains; they are discussed in this report. They must be discussed in greater depth with aims of (first) clarifying the scope of the industry-wide alignment needs and (second) prioritizing the issues requiring standardization. NOTE: SAE EDGE™ Research Reports are intended to identify and illuminate key issues in emerging, but still unsettled, technologies of interest to the mobility industry. The goal of SAE EDGE™ Research Reports is to stimulate discussion and work in the hope of promoting and speeding resolution of identified issues. SAE EDGE™ Research Reports are not intended to resolve the challenges they identify or close any topic to further scrutiny.
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7

Webb, Philip, and Sarah Fletcher. Unsettled Issues on Human-Robot Collaboration and Automation in Aerospace Manufacturing. SAE International, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/epr2020024.

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This SAE EDGE™ Research Report builds a comprehensive picture of the current state-of-the-art of human-robot applications, identifying key issues to unlock the technology’s potential. It brings together views of recognized thought leaders to understand and deconstruct the myths and realities of human- robot collaboration, and how it could eventually have the impact envisaged by many. Current thinking suggests that the emerging technology of human-robot collaboration provides an ideal solution, combining the flexibility and skill of human operators with the precision, repeatability, and reliability of robots. Yet, the topic tends to generate intense reactions ranging from a “brave new future” for aircraft manufacturing and assembly, to workers living in fear of a robot invasion and lost jobs. It is widely acknowledged that the application of robotics and automation in aerospace manufacturing is significantly lower than might be expected. Reasons include product variability, size, design philosophy, and relatively low volumes. Also, the occasional reticence due to a history of past false starts plays a role too. Unsettled Issues on Human-Robot Collaboration and Automation in Aerospace Manufacturing goes deep into the core questions that really matter so the necessary step changes can move the industry forward.
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8

Cook, Stephen, and Loyd Hook. Developmental Pillars of Increased Autonomy for Aircraft Systems. ASTM International, January 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/tr2-eb.

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Increased automation for aircraft systems holds the promise to increase safety, precision, and availability for manned and unmanned aircraft. Specifically, established aviation segments, such as general aviation and light sport, could utilize increased automation to make significant progress towards solving safety and piloting difficulties that have plagued them for some time. Further, many emerging market segments, such as urban air mobility and small unmanned (e.g., small parcel delivery with drones) have a strong financial incentive to develop increased automation to relieve the pilot workload, and/or replace in-the-loop pilots for most situations. Before these advances can safely be made, automation technology must be shown to be reliable, available, accurate, and correct within acceptable limits based on the level of risk these functions may create. However since inclusion of these types of systems is largely unprecedented at this level of aviation, what constitutes these required traits (and at what level they must be proven to) requires development as well. Progress in this domain will likely be captured and disseminated in the form of best practices and technical standards created with collaboration from regulatory and industry groups. This work intends to inform those standards producers, along with the system designers, with the goal of facilitating growth in aviation systems toward safe, methodical, and robust inclusion of these new technologies. Produced by members of the manned and unmanned small aircraft community, represented by ASTM task group AC 377, this work strives to suggest and describe certain fundamental principles, or “pillars”, of complex aviation systems development, which are applicable to the design and architectural development of increased automation for aviation systems.
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9

Kumar, Indraneel, Lionel Beaulieu, Annie Cruz-Porter, Chun Song, Benjamin St. Germain, and Andrey Zhalnin. An Assessment of the Workforce and Occupations in the Highway, Street, and Bridge Construction Industries in Indiana. Purdue University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284315018.

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This project explores workforce and occupations within the highway, street, and bridge construction industries (NAICS 237310) in Indiana. There are five specific deliverable comprised of three data reports, one policy document, and a website. The first data report includes an assessment of the workforce based on the eight-part framework, which are industry, occupations, job postings, hard-to-fill jobs, Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP), GAP Analysis, compatibility, and automation. The report defines a cluster followed by a detailed analysis of the occupations, skills, job postings, etc., in the NAICS 237310 industry in Indiana. The report makes use of specialized labor market databases, such as the Economic Modeling Specialists International (EMSI), CHMURA JobsEQ, etc. The analysis is based only on the jobs covered under the unemployment insurance or the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW) data. The second data report analyzes jobs to jobs flows to and from the construction industry in Indiana, with a particular emphasis on the Great Recession, by utilizing the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) data. The third data report looks into the equal employment opportunity or Section 1391 and 1392 data for Indiana and analyzes specific characteristics of that data. The policy report includes a set of recommendations for workforce development for INDOT and a summary of the three data reports. The key data on occupations within the NAICS 237310 are provided in an interactive website. The website provides a data dashboard for individual INDOT Districts. The policy document recommends steps for development of the highways, streets and bridges construction workforce in INDOT Districts.
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Jia, Lili, and Steve Evans. Prevent food allergy alerts: an incentive-based approach. Food Standards Agency, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.flm647.

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The majority of UK food recalls are due to allergen mislabelling, misleading allergen claims and/or the unintentional presence of allergens – representing a significant food safety risk and cost to industry. Labelling legislation must be followed to ensure food is safe and what it says it is, and this requires good allergen management and accurate allergen information communication down the supply chain. Distilling this information accurately, to inform labelling and/or communication of allergen information, can be particularly challenging for small to medium food businesses due to the low adoption of advanced labelling technology. In November 2018, a joint FSA/EIT (European Institute of Innovation & Technology) workshop discussed potential solutions to tackling the increase in food allergen mislabelling incidents. It was concluded that the situation could be improved by developing accessible and affordable tools for food businesses, to aid in the automation of food data collection, validation and management. As a result, the FSA are funding this initial development project that aims to develop an online system targeted at small and medium-sized food businesses, to help reduce the number of product recalls due to allergen mislabelling. The tool is also predicted to support more reliable knowledge transfer and incident tracking when things do go wrong.
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