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1
Peltoniemi, Mirva. "Reviewing Industry Life-cycle Theory: Avenues for Future Research." International Journal of Management Reviews 13, no. 4 (January 17, 2011): 349–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2370.2010.00295.x.
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Li, Xuemei, Khalid Mehmood Alam, and Shitong Wang. "Trend Analysis of Pakistan Railways Based on Industry Life Cycle Theory." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2018 (April 24, 2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2670346.
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The core purpose of this paper was to analyze the trend analysis of Pakistan railways from the year 1950 to 2015, using the principal component analysis method and industrial life cycle theory. Industrial life cycle theory, the development trend analysis of Pakistan railway industry, entails four stages: introduction, growth, maturity, and decline. The results indicated that railway industry in Pakistan was at its pinnacle in the middle of the seventies and thereafter the decline of railway industry was observed. The main reasons behind the decline were underinvestment, political interference, and the rise of the same-sector competitor, the National Logistics Cell (NLC). From the year 2011, it experienced an upward trend of combined utility curve and showed a new round of industry life cycle. To revive its previous glory, the current government has proposed a development document for Pakistan railways, Vision 2025. It is envisaged that railways share in transportation will be increased from current 4% to 20% by the year 2025, which seems to be an onerous challenge for the organization.
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Sun, Tie Bang. "The Scientific Development of Buildings Industry Based on Life Cycle Cost Theory." Advanced Materials Research 255-260 (May 2011): 3938–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.255-260.3938.
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Buildings industry consume a great deal of energy and also have great influence to environment during the life cycle. So it is essential to carry out the scientific development as soon as possible. First, This paper makes an analysis of the factors that influence the scientific development from the perspective of life cycle of building. These factors include the type of buildings, energy consumption, water consumption, the impact on environment. the remove and disposal of waste buildings and so on. Second, it sets forth the significance of implementation of life cycle cost theory to the scientific development of buildings industry and how to boost the scientific development of buildings by means of life cycle cost management. At last, the paper also makes an analysis of the status in quo of life cycle cost theory and the scientific development of buildings. It gives some advices on the scientific development of buildings industry.
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Potter, A., and H. D. Watts. "Evolutionary agglomeration theory: increasing returns, diminishing returns, and the industry life cycle." Journal of Economic Geography 11, no. 3 (March 24, 2010): 417–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jeg/lbq004.
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Qiao, Hai Shu, and Gui Liang Wang. "An Analysis of the Evolution in Internet of Things Industry Based on Industry Life Cycle Theory." Advanced Materials Research 430-432 (January 2012): 785–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.430-432.785.
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As is with general industries, Internet of Things industry also follows life cycle theory in the long run. However, in the short term, its high-tech industrial property will bring with it an inevitable outbreak growth at growth stage. The internal mechanism of explosive growth is that the whole networking industry chain achieves linkage development between supply and demand. Currently, Internet of Things industry in China faces a "quake lakes dilemma", which makes the linkage unrealized. Therefore, to get out of the "quake lakes dilemma" and further accelerate the evolution of Internet of Things, it is vital to make major breakthroughs in technologies, standards bottlenecks and remove cost barriers.
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Gao, Ya Qun. "Research on Regional Innovation Capability Based on BP Neural Network." Advanced Materials Research 926-930 (May 2014): 3191–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.926-930.3191.
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The region innovation system has provided the network platform for the knowledge dissemination and the flowing, simultaneously in the region the high-tech industry colony's knowledge overflow promoted the knowledge in region sharing, becomes the region innovation the driving force. This article has constructed the region innovation system life cycle model based on the baud life cycle theory, has studied under the knowledge economy condition the high-tech industry colony knowledge overflow to the region innovation system different life cycle influence mechanism.
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Yin, Yi Lin, and Juan Bai. "Study on Cost of Green Building Based on the Life Cycle Theory." Applied Mechanics and Materials 587-589 (July 2014): 228–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.587-589.228.
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Currently, there exsits a Serious resource wasting phenomenon. In order to achieve the sustainable development of construction industry, the development of green building has become the inevitable choice of all countries in the world. This paper based on the sustainable development as the guiding ideology, through the basic theory of green building, based on the life cycle cost theory understanding as the foundation. First of all ,know the current situation of the development of green building cost at home and abroad, then according to the life cycle theory will be divided into green building decision-making, design, construction debugging, operation maintenance and recycling discarded five stages, points out the life cycle cost characteristics of green building.
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Fang, Lei, and Pei Jun Zhuang. "Research on the Connotation of Life Cycle of Ship." Advanced Materials Research 1073-1076 (December 2014): 1544–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1073-1076.1544.
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Aiming at the problem that imperfections and discontinuities of ship's life-cycle theory in teamwork, cross-industry and application tools, the ship trajectories and space motion of ship in the whole life cycle were analyzed, and the space-time network model was established to discuss the changes and relations of all various stages and the connotation of life cycle of ship, the life cycle of ship was divide into the design, construction, operation and dismantling phases with the introduction of decision-maker, and pondered on the significance of the theories and models on green ship.
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Bao, Run Biao, and Man Zhang. "A Research on Construction of Information Management Platform for the Architectural Design Industry Based on the Life Cycle Theory." Applied Mechanics and Materials 543-547 (March 2014): 4052–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.543-547.4052.
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This study developed an information lifecycle-oriented information management system model for architectural design industry by combining information lifecycle theory with information management system for architectural design industry. In addition to improving weak/complicated processes during information management for architectural design industry, this integrated model merged information lifecycle theory on routine information management operations, and therefore enhances business sensitivity of information management and promotes effectiveness of information management. Furthermore, with the information management process reengineering, this paper studied the theory and framework of information lifecycle flow based on information process mechanism on integrated information management phases for architectural design industry. The paper established an analytical framework for the study of the process and mechanism of disaster information process reengineering and taking the architectural design industry for example, this paper analyzed diversified phases of integrated process for information management of architectural design industry. Key outcomes of this study include the demonstration and assessment of the information process mechanism and information management for architectural design industry based on information lifecycle theory. This study established a new direction for future research on information lifecycle-oriented process reengineering for architectural design industry.
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Zhou, Zhi-Wu, Julián Alcalá, Moacir Kripka, and Víctor Yepes. "Life Cycle Assessment of Bridges Using Bayesian Networks and Fuzzy Mathematics." Applied Sciences 11, no. 11 (May 27, 2021): 4916. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11114916.
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At present, reducing the impact of the construction industry on the environment is the key to achieving sustainable development. Countries all over the world are using software systems for bridge environmental impact assessment. However, due to the complexity and discreteness of environmental factors in the construction industry, they are difficult to update and determine quickly, and there is a phenomenon of data missing in the database. Most of the lost data are optimized by Monte Carlo simulation, which greatly reduces the reliability and accuracy of the research results. This paper uses Bayesian advanced fuzzy mathematics theory to solve this problem. In the research, a Bayesian fuzzy mathematics evaluation and a multi-level sensitivity priority discrimination model are established, and the weights and membership degrees of influencing factors were defined to achieve comprehensive coverage of influencing factors. With the support of theoretical modelling, software analysis and fuzzy mathematics theory are used to comprehensively evaluate all the influencing factors of the five influencing stages in the entire life cycle of the bridge structure. The results show that the material manufacturing, maintenance, and operation of the bridge still produce environmental pollution; the main source of the emissions exceeds 53% of the total emissions. The effective impact factor reaches 3.01. At the end of the article, a big data sensitivity model was established. Through big data innovation and optimization analysis, traffic pollution emissions were reduced by 330 tonnes. Modeling of the comprehensive research model; application; clearly confirms the effectiveness and practicality of the Bayesian network fuzzy number comprehensive evaluation model in dealing with uncertain factors in the evaluation of the sustainable development of the construction industry. The research results have made important contributions to the realization of the sustainable development goals of the construction industry.
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Aase, Knut K. "LIFE INSURANCE AND PENSION CONTRACTS I: THE TIME ADDITIVE LIFE CYCLE MODEL." ASTIN Bulletin 45, no. 1 (November 3, 2014): 1–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/asb.2014.26.
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AbstractWe analyze optimal consumption in the life cycle model by introducing life and pension insurance contracts. The model contains a credit market with biometric risk, and market risk via risky securities. This idealized framework enables us to clarify important aspects of life insurance and pension contracts. We find optimal pension plans and life insurance contracts where the benefits are state dependent. We compare these solutions both to the ones of standard actuarial theory, and to policies offered in practice. Implications of this include what role the insurance industry may play to improve welfare. The relationship between substitution of consumption and risk aversion is highlighted in the presence of a consumption puzzle. One problem related portfolio choice is discussed the horizon problem. Finally, we present some comments on longevity risk and cohort risk.
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Liu, Jun, Lin Wang Li, Yan Lei Sun, and Wei Qi. "Research on Carbon Calculation of Rural Roofing Materials." Applied Mechanics and Materials 641-642 (September 2014): 961–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.641-642.961.
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Based on the present situation of village building adopting the internationally recognized life-cycle theory, the life-cycle calculation model of carbon emission of rural roofing materials was put forward , the calculation boundary of carbon emissions was divided and the calculation parameters and calculation formula was determined. The result shows that: under reasonable assumptions, applying life cycle theory to carbon calculation of rural roofing materials is feasible. The rural roofing materials industry by improving production process to reduce energy consumption and selecting raw material in localization as far as possible can significantly reduce carbon emissions.
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Yu, Haiying, Minghui Jiang, and Chengzhang Li. "Chaos theory perspective for industry clusters development." Modern Physics Letters B 30, no. 08 (March 30, 2016): 1650112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984916501128.
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Industry clusters have outperformed in economic development in most developing countries. The contributions of industrial clusters have been recognized as promotion of regional business and the alleviation of economic and social costs. It is no doubt globalization is rendering clusters in accelerating the competitiveness of economic activities. In accordance, many ideas and concepts involve in illustrating evolution tendency, stimulating the clusters development, meanwhile, avoiding industrial clusters recession. The term chaos theory is introduced to explain inherent relationship of features within industry clusters. A preferred life cycle approach is proposed for industrial cluster recessive theory analysis. Lyapunov exponents and Wolf model are presented for chaotic identification and examination. A case study of Tianjin, China has verified the model effectiveness. The investigations indicate that the approaches outperform in explaining chaos properties in industrial clusters, which demonstrates industrial clusters evolution, solves empirical issues and generates corresponding strategies.
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Chaibi, Hasna. "Adverse Selection, Debt Capacity And Corporate Growth: An Industry Life Cycle Perspective." Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR) 30, no. 1 (December 30, 2013): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jabr.v30i1.8292.
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<p class="Default">This paper examines the industry impact on financing corporate growth. According to underinvestment and overinvestment problems, ?rms are more likely to have less debt capacity in their growth stage of life cycle. However, it is known that new economy firms have higher levels of growth rate, return and risk, and particularly undertake more technical projects. Therefore, I test the hypothesis that debt capacity during the growth stage of life cycle is affected by New Economy. My empirical analysis covers U.S. companies listed on NYSE, AMEX and NASDAQ in the period of 1990-2010. I find that growth firms have significantly smaller debt capacity. Nevertheless, supporting the life cycle theory of financing that emphasizes the adverse selection problem faced by new economy firms, this link tends to be less prominent in the new economy industry. The results complement prior studies that have found significant relationship between firm growth and corporate debt capacity by confirming the important role played by the industry membership (New Economy) in determining the intensity of this relation.</p>
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Chen, Ke, Tianbo Li, and Xiaomin Ma. "Research on Big Data Theory and Trend of Quality Management in Automobile Industry." E3S Web of Conferences 253 (2021): 02029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202125302029.
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As a typical manufacturing industry, the automobile industry has high requirements for quality management. Today, with the rapid development of information technology, it is important to consider the characteristics of quality management in the industry and the whole life cycle of automobile products. Based on this perspective, an evaluation index system of quality management data and a big data platform of quality management for the automobile industry were established. This research has guiding significance for governments to serve the development of the automobile industry and for enterprises to improve their quality capability.
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Hasheminasab, Hamidreza, Yaghob Gholipour, Mohammadreza Kharrazi, and Dalia Streimikiene. "Life cycle approach in sustainability assessment for petroleum refinery projects with fuzzy-AHP." Energy & Environment 29, no. 7 (May 8, 2018): 1208–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0958305x18772425.
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Infrastructure projects, which include a wide range of construction and energy projects, play an important role amid other industrial projects. In this regard, petroleum refinery industry projects are one of the leading manufacturing industries in the world and have the most notable position in the energy industry projects. Developing petroleum refinery industry projects are one of the principal contributors to economic and social development. In spite of the necessity of country development, this development has to be sustained at least in economic, social, and environmental matters (pillars of sustainable development) particularly after the Brundtland Commission Report in 1987. In this paper, it is proposed to simplify the evaluation process of life cycle sustainability versus life cycle stages. Thus, an indicator-based approach is used in order to evaluate the sustainability along different stages of petroleum refinery industry projects. Also, a multi-level hierarchy of criteria decision making is defined by using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), combined with a fuzzy set theory to enhance the reliability of the results. The outputs of this paper will be helpful for decision makers in many ways such as the most important stage with regard to sustainable development matters; or the most important pillars (economic, social, and environmental) of sustainability in each life cycle stage. Also, other valuable outputs based on the results are consequently discussed.
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Jia, Han, Chun Guo, and Xiaozhong Liu. "Smartphone and Tablet Application (App) Life Cycle Characterization via Apple App Store Rank." Data and Information Management 4, no. 1 (March 24, 2020): 44–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/dim-2020-0002.
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AbstractWith the rapid growth of the smartphone and tablet market, mobile application (App) industry that provides a variety of functional devices is also growing at a striking speed. Product life cycle (PLC) theory, which has a long history, has been applied to a great number of industries and products and is widely used in the management domain. In this study, we apply classical PLC theory to mobile Apps on Apple smartphone and tablet devices (Apple App Store). Instead of trying to utilize often-unavailable sales or download volume data, we use open-access App daily download rankings as an indicator to characterize the normalized dynamic market popularity of an App. We also use this ranking information to generate an App life cycle model. By using this model, we compare paid and free Apps from 20 different categories. Our results show that Apps across various categories have different kinds of life cycles and exhibit various unique and unpredictable characteristics. Furthermore, as large-scale heterogeneous data (e.g., user App ratings, App hardware/software requirements, or App version updates) become available and are attached to each target App, an important contribution of this paper is that we perform in-depth studies to explore how such data correlate and affect the App life cycle. Using different regression techniques (i.e., logistic, ordinary least squares, and partial least squares), we built different models to investigate these relationships. The results indicate that some explicit and latent independent variables are more important than others for the characterization of App life cycle. In addition, we find that life cycle analysis for different App categories requires different tailored regression models, confirming that inner-category App life cycles are more predictable and comparable than App life cycles across different categories.
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Langlois, Richard N., and Paul L. Robertson. "Explaining Vertical Integration: Lessons from the American Automobile Industry." Journal of Economic History 49, no. 2 (June 1989): 361–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050700007993.
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The early history of the American automobile industry provides fertile hunting grounds for theorists seeking corroboration of various, conflicting theories of vertical integration. An examination of the whole history suggests that no single theory always fits the facts perfectly. A complete explanation must combine specific theories in a way that is attentive to such factors as industry life-cycle, demand, economies of scale, and appropriability. If there is any “general” theory, it lies in the set of “dynamic” transaction-cost approaches rather than in the asset-specificity approach now dominant.
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Dinlersoz, Emin, Jeremy Greenwood, and Henry Hyatt. "What Businesses Attract Unions? Unionization over the Life Cycle of U.S. Establishments." ILR Review 70, no. 3 (July 1, 2016): 733–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0019793916654926.
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What types of businesses attract unions? The study develops a theory of union learning and organizing to provide an answer to this question. A union monitors the productivity of establishments in an industry and uses this information to decide which ones to organize. An establishment becomes unionized if the union wins a certification election, the outcome of which can be influenced by costly actions taken by the two parties. The model offers predictions on the nature of union selection, which are examined empirically. Data on union certification elections, matched with data on establishment characteristics, are used to explore where union activity is concentrated.
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Strobl, Andreas, and Christopher Kronenberg. "Entrepreneurial networks across the business life cycle: the case of Alpine hospitality entrepreneurs." International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management 28, no. 6 (June 13, 2016): 1177–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijchm-03-2014-0147.
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Purpose This paper aims to deliver a detailed understanding about the dynamics of entrepreneurial networks along the enterprise life cycle of hospitality enterprises. Design/methodology/approach Case study research was conducted, using in-depth interviews with hospitality entrepreneurs and additional material (e.g. website information). The data were analyzed applying the qualitative method GABEK (GAnzheitliche BEwältigung von Komplexität – holistic processing of complexity) which enables researchers to reveal concepts and attitudes of interviewees. Findings Networks of hospitality entrepreneurs shift from local ties to industry-specific actor groups to local and non-local ties to actor groups inside and outside the industry. Throughout the enterprise life cycle, entrepreneurs prefer strong ties. The transition from one family generation to the next and changes in the competitive environment are important triggers of network configurations. Research limitations/implications Future research should reproduce the findings and investigate the proposed relationships in representative samples from different regions and industries. The influences of different actors within networks provide fertile research opportunities. Practical implications Networks provide viable means for tackling the challenges of growth in the hospitality industry. The research provides managerial implications for how networks should be configured for meeting resource dependencies of different development stages. Originality/value Building on resource dependency theory, this research emphasizes which challenges the enterprise life cycle imposes upon network management in the hospitality industry. While past research has focused upon the early stages of the enterprise life cycle, this study investigates also later stages. Furthermore, triggers of network management are identified.
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Wu, Min Hui, and Chun Huang. "Analysis of the Evolution Mechanism of Industry Based on the Lifecycle Theory." Applied Mechanics and Materials 533 (February 2014): 521–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.533.521.
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Regional brand is the product of industrial cluster development. Upon the basis of lifecycle theory to study the relationship between regional brand and government network construction, with applied multi-cases study method, it reached the conclusions that: (1) The regional brand development is a staged process, with staged representations of the brand cultivation emphasis in light of development changes; (2) Governments exert important propelling roles to the industrial revolution; (3) The industrial features of different regions are varied, and regional brand shall develop in accordance with the life-cycle, regional features and industrial features to realize “customization”.
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O’Sullivan, Marlene. "Industrial life cycle: relevance of national markets in the development of new industries for energy technologies – the case of wind energy." Journal of Evolutionary Economics 30, no. 4 (May 14, 2020): 1063–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00191-020-00677-5.
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Abstract About 20 years ago Klepper (1997) has shown that the life cycle theory, initially introduced for products, can also be applied to the development of industries. The industries that were examined to establish this theory were marked by relatively stable market conditions that are typically driven by innovation. However, research on the transition of the energy system has shown that markets for new energy technologies are driven by political support. As yet an analysis of the industry life cycle of an industry which has developed under politically driven market conditions has not been conducted. Therefore this paper examines the development of the global wind energy industry and the relevance of national markets in a globalized world. The study is founded on a large empirical database. A comparative analysis of various international and national developments was conducted using descriptive statistical methods. The findings show that the global development derives from the sum of individual national developments. It reveals a strong influence of national markets on the development of their respective wind energy industry. Therefore these findings provide relevant insides for the political debate on market support mechanisms in wind energy.
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Dismukes, John P., Lawrence K. Miller, Andrew Solocha, and John A. Bers. "Wind Energy Electrical Power Generation Industry Life Cycle - Impact of Modern Materials Systems on Economic Viability." Key Engineering Materials 380 (March 2008): 43–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.380.43.
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This study addresses past, current and future development of the wind electrical power industry, that began prior to 1890 in Cleveland, Ohio and Askov, Denmark. Overcoming technological, business, societal and political hurdles required approximately 120 years of exploration to establish wind electricity generation as a radical innovation entering the acceleration stage of the industrial technology life cycle. Materials and integrated materials systems featuring mechanical, structural, fluid dynamic, electrical, electronic, and telecommunications functionality developed and introduced over that period have contributed uniquely to current commercial viability of wind turbine electrical power generation. Further growth and maturation is expected to continue to ≈ 2100, corresponding to a life cycle of ≅ 210 years. This finding has profound implications for radical innovation theory and practice, since historical analysis attributes a 50-60 year life cycle for 5 industrial revolutions, and emerging theory anticipates acceleration of radical innovation, as discussed in companion papers in this conference. Rapid growth in installed capacity of large scale wind turbines (>1MW) now positions wind electrical power generation in the Acceleration Stage, characterized by market competition between dominant wind turbine designs and societal acceptance by wind energy communities of practice in Europe, North America and Asia. Technical cost model based learning curve projections of Cost of Electricity (COE) suggest that by 2020 COE from wind will be competitive, without tax incentives, with electricity from conventional fossil and nuclear fuel sources. Capture by wind energy of up to 20% of the world electricity market appears likely by the end of the 21st Century.
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Salah, Ahmad, and Osama Moselhi. "Contingency modelling for construction projects using fuzzy-set theory." Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management 22, no. 2 (March 16, 2015): 214–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ecam-03-2014-0039.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present a newly developed fuzzy-set based model for estimating, allocating, depleting, and managing contingency fund over the life cycle of construction projects. Design/methodology/approach – Fuzzy set theory is utilized in the design and development of proposed contingency modelling framework to incorporate uncertainties associated with the development phases of construction projects. A set of developed indices, measures, and ratios are introduced to quantify and characterize these uncertainties. The developed framework is designed to incorporate expert opinion and provide user-system interaction. Findings – The results obtained from the application of the developed framework on actual project case not only illustrate its accuracy, but also demonstrate its capabilities for contingency management over life cycle of construction projects. Unlike other methods, the framework provides project managers with structured method for contingency depletion utilizing a set of depletion curves and selection factors. Originality/value – The novelty of the developed framework lies not only in its new developments for contingency estimating but also its modelling for contingency allocation and depletion. It is expected to be of direct value to industry professionals and academics interested in contingency management over the entire life cycle of construction projects. The proposed framework provides management functions and features beyond those generated through Monte Carlo simulation and even those developed using fuzzy set theory.
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Wang, Zeng Min, and Jing Jing Li. "Causal Relationship Analysis between the Development of the Communications Industry and National Economy." Applied Mechanics and Materials 263-266 (December 2012): 1219–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.263-266.1219.
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We selected the constant price GDP and telecom business volume as the national economy and communications industry development metrics. First, we analyzed China's communication industry development in China since 1978 according to the industry life cycle theory. Then we used the time series model by detrending to make the two sequences stationary and took Granger causality test. The results show that China's telecommunications industry is in the late growth stage. There is a unidirectional causality from GDP to the direction of the telecom business volume.
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Ren, Yue, and Yue Zhao. "Studies on the Environmental Impact of the HVAC Equipments Based on the LCA Theory." Applied Mechanics and Materials 694 (November 2014): 417–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.694.417.
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We chose an endpoint damage model and combined it with ecological index method to obtain the life cycle assessment model of HVAC equipment. The environmental load was calculated which included the production of room air conditioners and water chillers. The environmental impact of the HVAC industry in China was analyzed quantitatively at a macroeconomic level. And the energy saving strategy was analyzed.
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Kun, Li. "Research on Foreign Direct Investment in Service Industry." E3S Web of Conferences 251 (2021): 01079. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202125101079.
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Under the national policy goal of increasing labor income and increasing employment rate, the service industry is expected to be a powerful engine for stimulating economic growth, optimizing industrial structure and absorbing employment, while foreign direct investment is playing an important role in promoting industrial upgrading and improving efficiency. This article first analyzes the trade effects of multinational companies in the service industry based on monopolistic advantage theory, product life cycle theory, internalization theory and the eclectic paradigm of international production, and then introduces the development status of foreign direct investment in China’s service industry. The study found that under the premise of ensuring the national economy and social security, corresponding policies should be adopted in the introduction of investment in specific industries to correctly guide the flow of foreign capital so that it can serve to optimize the industrial structure of the service industry.
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Gustafsson, Karl Erik. "End-game Strategies in the Swedish National Tabloid Industry." Nordicom Review 29, no. 2 (November 1, 2008): 325–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nor-2017-0194.
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Abstract Based on decades of comparative research on the national tabloid industry in the Nordic countries, a forecast is made, based on the product life cycle (PLC) theory, that the Swedish national tabloid industry will decline. As PLC theory is a blunt forecasting instrument, every precaution is taken; still a forecast is made that the No.2 tabloid will lose the present endgame to the market leader and disappear in 5-10 years time. End-game strategies as well as exit barriers are discussed in detail. The conclusions are valid for the national tabloid industries in the other Nordic countries following the same pattern of development. In passing, the question is raised of whether Internet publishing will change the rules of the game.
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Xie, Hao, Jing Wu, and Jibril Danazumi Jibril. "A Comparative Study of China and America's Building Life Cycle Cost Database Establishment." Advanced Materials Research 935 (May 2014): 106–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.935.106.
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Life Cycle Cost (LCC) theory and method have a very positive influence on popularizing energy-saving of green buildings technology and reducing buildings energy consumption. However, applying LCC method into the construction industry field must be based on adequate and accurate data. In establishing the cost database of building LCC, America walks in the forefront of the world. Although China's building LCC cost database has been rapidly developed in the past few years, there is still a large gap between China and the United States. By comparing and analysing the establishment of building LCC cost database of the two countries-United States and China, this article indicates the key issues should be solved to build and further improve the Chinese future building LCC cost database, as well as give some relevant advice.
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Dawkins, Cedric E., and James R. Barker. "A Complexity Theory Framework of Issue Movement." Business & Society 59, no. 6 (March 16, 2018): 1110–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0007650318762404.
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This research draws on complexity theory to provide an alternative conceptualization of issue management. We use six dynamics of complexity drawn from complex adaptive systems—equipoise, turbulence, sensitive conditions, bifurcation, attractor emergence, and symmetry breaking—to develop a metaphorical framework that describes what occurs during various periods of issue activity and what propels issues from one period of activity to another. We illustrate the framework with a case study of the pharmaceutical industry response to the HIV/AIDS pandemic in Sub-Saharan Africa. The article concludes with a discussion of the additional affordances this framework provides to extend and compliment issue life cycle models.
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Huang, Wen. "Study on the Engineering Management Information System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 373-375 (August 2013): 2247–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.373-375.2247.
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There is advanced construction technology and successful experience in engineering in the field of Chinese construction, but no project management information technology. Based on the full life-cycle theory, this paper has systematically expounded the core content of project management: management, service and innovation. Project management information system has been discussed, and related research trends summarized as follows: from study on the construction phase to study on the full life cycle project management information. It aims to provide a reference for China's construction industry project management information technology in order to improve the level of project management in China.
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Fang, Qinying, Liwen Chen, Dalin Zeng, and Lin Zhang. "Drivers of Professional Service Model Innovation in the Chinese Construction Industry." Sustainability 11, no. 4 (February 13, 2019): 941. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11040941.
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Professional service in China is facing challenges due to the rapidly changing built environment. The environment forces the construction industry to reconsider professional service model for thriving, while the life cycle professional service model has significant implications for value addition in professional system. However, literature that provides quantifiable information for practitioners and researchers to better understand drivers of professional service model innovation (PSMI) is scarce. Based on innovation diffusion literature and institutional theory, this study examines how PSMI is influenced by institutional pressures (including coercive, mimetic, and normative pressures) in the construction industry. The researchers conducted an industry-wide survey in China using structural equation modeling to analyze the acquired data. Data analyzing demonstrates that both coercive and mimetic pressures prominently influence the life cycle of PSMI. However, this study reveals that normative pressure does not significantly influence PSMI. Results indicate that the owner’s cognition plays an important mediating role between institutional pressures and PSMI. The findings contribute to understanding how different types of institutional pressures can be better steered to facilitate PSMI in the construction industry and furthering knowledge on PSMI mechanisms for new professionalism cultivation in the industry to realize sustainable development of professional system.
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Durana, Pavol, Lucia Michalkova, Andrej Privara, Josef Marousek, and Milos Tumpach. "Does the life cycle affect earnings management and bankruptcy?" Oeconomia Copernicana 12, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 425–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/oc.2021.015.
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Research background: Deteriorating economic conditions and a negative outlook increase the pressure on financial management and the need to show high financial performance. According to Positive Accounting Theory, the growing risk of bankruptcy is associated with the phenomenon of earnings management. Bankruptcy risk and the quality of reported profits, along with other aspects of financial performance, vary throughout the company's life cycle. Nevertheless, these factors or their interactions are investigated only to a very small extent.
Purpose of the article: The aim of this study is to clarify the impact of corporate life cycle and bankruptcy on earnings management, in order to describe behaviour of companies at different stages of corporate life cycle.
Methods: A hierarchical mixed model with a random time and industry effect was chosen as appropriate because it allows the investigation of multilevel data that is not independent. The sample covers the financial indicators of more than 33,000 Central European companies from 2015?2019. The non-sequential Dickinson model, company age, and three models of accrual earnings management were used as proxies for the company's life cycle and quality of reported profit.
Findings & value added: Earnings management and bankruptcy risk have a U-shape, indicating that financially distressed firms reduce reported accounting profit at the Introduction, Decline and, to a lesser extent, at the Growth stage. Slovak and Czech companies manipulate profits to a similar extent, Hungarian companies increase accounting profit to a greatest extent than the surveyed countries by controlling bankruptcy ? life cycle effect; however, the variability of accounting manipulations across industries has not been demonstrated. These findings imply that start-ups and declining businesses provide crooked financial statements to obtain more favourable debt covenants, and estimating discretionary accruals using life-cycle subsamples can improve the predictive power of accrual earnings management models.
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Liu, Cun Ping, Yong Fu Yuan, Yan Xiong Yang, and Sheng Guo. "Study of Financing Policy on the Development of Strategic Emerging Material Industry." Applied Mechanics and Materials 644-650 (September 2014): 4848–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.644-650.4848.
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As the core of modern economy, finance plays a vital role in the development of strategic emerging industries. A rapid progress of these industries demands a well formed financial support system and a full play given to the role financial support. According to emerging industries life cycle theory, the characteristics of new industry and its law of development determine its funding requirement in various stages of development. This paper analyzes the characteristics of strategic emerging material industries and proposes financing policy in its different stage.
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Chassidim, Hadas, Dani Almog, and Shlomo Mark. "Continuous Software Engineering and Unit Testing: From Theory to Practice." WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTER RESEARCH 9 (August 10, 2021): 113–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/232018.2021.9.14.
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With the Agile development approach, the software industry has moved to a more flexible and continuous Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC), which integrates the stages of development, delivery and deployment. This trend has exposed a tendency of increasing reliance on both unit testing and test automation for the fundamental quality-activities during the code development. To implement Continuous Software Engineering (CSE), it is vital to assure that unit-testing activities are an integral and well-defined part of a continuous process. This paper focuses on the initial role of actual testing – viewing unit testing as a quality indicator during the development life cycle. We review the definition of unit-testing from the CSE world, and describe a qualitative study in which we examined implementation of unit testing in three software companies that recently migrated to CSE methodology. The results from the qualitative study corroborate our argument that under the continues approach, quality-based development practices such as unit testing are of increasing importance, lacking common set of measurements and KPI's. A possible explanation to this may be the role of continuous practices as well as unit testing in the software engineering curriculum
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Liu, Guang Fu, Shi Bin Zhang, and Lei Zhang. "Research on Renewable Resources Industrial Synergy Policy System in China." Advanced Materials Research 933 (May 2014): 813–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.933.813.
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With the guidance of sustainable development strategy, countries around the world poured to carry out the conception of circular economy into the strategy of protecting ecological environment. As an important mode of circular economy, Renewable Resource Industry increasingly draw every parts of worlds attention. However, the Renewable Resource Industry is a typical Institutional Economy, which needs the role of government as well as the market mechanism. However, Renewable Resources Industry is in the primary stage of development, whose policy system is not thorough and guiding concept is not clear. In this background, guided by the full life cycle theory and collaborative theory, starting from the features and realistic demand of Renewable Resources Industry, the authors structure an industrial synergy policy framework for Renewable Resources Industry, which including design policy, manufacturing policy, consumption policy, recycle policy, demands policy and government policy. The research findings provide us with systematic ideas and methods to make the Renewable Resources Industry policy.
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Wang, Jing. "Based on RFID Prefabricated Building Component Design and Monitoring System Research." Advanced Materials Research 983 (June 2014): 359–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.983.359.
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Long-term since, our country concrete building mainly adopts the construction of the traditional mode of production, design and build extensive, poor operation condition, high labor intensity, large building materials loss and building garbage, construction quality is not stable, the whole life cycle of building energy consumption is high, the low degree of industrialization, and the energy conservation, emission reduction and environmental protection policies carried out by the state. Prefabricated buildings are the main characteristics of the sustainable development of construction industry, the integration of the supply chain of the project life cycle, emphasizes the decisive automation and intelligent technology. The emergence of the RFID theory for the research of prefabricated construction provides a new perspective.
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Thrasher, Evelyn H. "Strategic Fit In Inter-Organizational Networks: A Life Cycle Framework For The Healthcare IDS." Journal of Service Science (JSS) 1, no. 1 (July 1, 2008): 57–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jss.v1i1.4302.
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Strategic alliances in the form of inter-organizational networks continue to receive attention in both service and manufacturing industries as a potential form of competitive. The healthcare industry has embraced these strategic alliances with much intensity and perhaps to a greater extent than many other industries. Yet, despite the increasing prevalence of inter-organizational arrangements across most industries, empirical evidence of the value of IT to enhance and support these arrangements is lacking in the IT. Therefore, a need exists to extend IT theory and research to the inter-organizational level of analysis to better meet the needs of contemporary organizations and partnerships. Using the healthcare IDS as the unit of analysis, the primary objective of this study is to stimulate research at the inter-organizational network level of analysis. A conceptual framework of IT value for the inter-organizational network is developed that merges three complementary theoretical concepts, namely the Strategic Alignment Model, the IT-Enabled Business Transformation Framework, and the IT Integration Life Cycle.
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Gusakova, Еlena, and Aleksandr Pavlov. "Contractual relations of participants in the life cycle of a construction project." E3S Web of Conferences 263 (2021): 04008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126304008.
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Contracts accompany all stages of the life cycle of a construction object. The contractual relationship should ensure a balance of production and economic interests of numerous participants in the construction project and stakeholders of the project. When a project is being implemented by several dozen contractors, it is difficult to achieve a balance of interests, the content of contracts is often multidirectional or contradicts each other. In order to systematize the relationships of the project participants, contractual relations in the construction industry and the functions of the subjects of contracts are analyzed. The structure of contracts in construction, based on the cash flow of the project, is proposed. Allocated 6 groups of contracts: agreements concluded by the investor; contracts concluded by the developer, employer; contract agreements; contracts for the supply of goods and the provision of services; collective and individual labor contracts. The main features of each group of agreements and the functions of the subjects of agreements in Russia and abroad are considered. It is shown that, as part of the theory of project management, it is relevant and expedient to develop a section on the structure of contracts, planning a contract campaign and support for a complex of project contracts. It is proposed to develop contracts and think through the contractual terms of the project agreed, under the leadership of the project management team.
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Suarez-Fernandez de Miranda, Susana, Francisco Aguayo-González, Jorge Salguero-Gómez, and María Jesús Ávila-Gutiérrez. "Life Cycle Engineering 4.0: A Proposal to Conceive Manufacturing Systems for Industry 4.0 Centred on the Human Factor (DfHFinI4.0)." Applied Sciences 10, no. 13 (June 27, 2020): 4442. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10134442.
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Engineering 4.0 environments are characterised by the digitisation, virtualisation, and connectivity of products, processes, and facilities composed of reconfigurable and adaptive socio-technical cyber-physical manufacturing systems (SCMS), in which Operator 4.0 works in real time in VUCA (volatile, uncertain, complex and ambiguous) contexts and markets. This situation gives rise to the interest in developing a framework for the conception of SCMS that allows the integration of the human factor, management, training, and development of the competencies of Operator 4.0 as fundamental aspects of the aforementioned system. The present paper is focused on answering how to conceive the adaptive manufacturing systems of Industry 4.0 through the operation, growth, and development of human talent in VUCA contexts. With this objective, exploratory research is carried, out whose contribution is specified in a framework called Design for the Human Factor in Industry 4.0 (DfHFinI4.0). From among the conceptual frameworks employed therein, the connectivist paradigm, Ashby’s law of requisite variety and Vigotsky’s activity theory are taken into consideration, in order to enable the affective-cognitive and timeless integration of the human factor within the SCMS. DfHFinI4.0 can be integrated into the life cycle engineering of the enterprise reference architectures, thereby obtaining manufacturing systems for Industry 4.0 focused on the human factor. The suggested framework is illustrated as a case study for the Purdue Enterprise Reference Architecture (PERA) methodology, which transforms it into PERA 4.0.
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Panenkov, Andrey, Inessa Lukmanova, Irina Kuzovleva, and Vladimir Bredikhin. "Methodology of the theory of change management in the implementation of digital transformation of construction: problems and prospects." E3S Web of Conferences 244 (2021): 05005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202124405005.
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The need for an innovative digital transformation of the construction industry is beyond doubt. However, it is fraught with a number of objective constraints, which requires the development of appropriate holistic science-based approaches and an effective practical methodology. Based on the systematization of the specifics of digitalization of the construction industry, analysis of the achieved level of innovative digital development, study of existing experience and institutional trends, the authors postulated a change management methodology as one of the key conceptual approaches to effective planning and management of digital transformation of construction. The life cycle of changes was modified on the basis of the design-process approach, and the corresponding practical assessment was carried out using the example of the implementation of information modeling technology in construction.
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Jian, Hou, and Jiang Yuantao. "System Dynamic Simulation of Online Customers for Cruise Travel: Based on the Customer Life Cycle Perspective." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2021 (April 5, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5567616.
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Cruise tourism is an emerging tourism industry. Under the current online consumer market, expanding the number of online customers is an important consideration for the sound development of cruise tourism, starting from the reality of cruise travel, integrating life cycle theory, demand theory, and network consumption behavior theory, defining the evolution model of customer life cycle, using system dynamics for simulation analysis to discover the dynamic changes in the number of cruise travel online customers in different life periods. The analysis of the simulation results found that at different stages of the life cycle evolution of cruise travel network customers, travel demand is comprehensively affected by various factors such as basic needs, novelty, offline experience, Internet word-of-mouth, and information quality. The number of potential customers first accelerates and then declines. The trend is flat, the number of waiting customers is normally distributed over time, and the number of existing customers and lost customers tends to stabilize after an accelerated increase. The simulation results with word-of-mouth factor as the test function show that the model has good robustness and sensitivity. The number of waiting customers is sensitive to changes in word-of-mouth impact factors, and the number of existing customers has not increased significantly. Finally, summarize the development strategies of cruise tourism from the perspective of life cycle: increase the promotion of cruise tourism network and expand the range of potential customers, highlight the characteristic orientation of cruise tourism differentiation, induce waiting for customers to pay online, improve the quality of cruise tourism experience and maintain existing customer loyalty, and optimize the quality of travel information on the online platform to attract lost customers to turn back.
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Tian, Wenzhong. "The transaction cost analysis and future development of the “blockchain + audit” industry—— based on the analytic hierarchy model and the perspective of industry life cycle." E3S Web of Conferences 292 (2021): 02058. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202129202058.
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The rise of “blockchain +” has a great impact on all fields and even the whole social and economic situation, and is no exception to the audit work. Blockchain has the characteristics of non-tampering, timestamp, grid consensus and so on, which is in line with the requirements of the audit work to pursue efficiency and effect. Under such a development background, the “blockchain+audit” industry arises from this. The integration of blockchain into audit engagements, in turn, changes the proportion of audit transaction costs. Based on this background, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is used to analyze the transaction cost of audit. In view of the problems found in the current transaction cost analysis of “blockchain+audit”, combined with the research on the future development trend based on the theory of technological innovation and industry life cycle, this paper puts forward some suggestions to effectively control the audit cost and improve the audit efficiency. The aim is to provide a practical reference basis for the better application of blockchain technology in auditing.
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D’Agaro, Edo, Franco Rosa, and Natalia P. Akentieva. "New Technology Tools and Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) Applied to a Sustainable Livestock Production." EuroBiotech Journal 5, no. 3 (July 1, 2021): 130–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ebtj-2021-0022.
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Abstract Agriculture 4.0, a combination of mechanical innovation and information and communication technologies (ICT) using precision farming, omics technologies and advanced waste treatment techniques, can be used to enhance the biological potential of animal and crop productions and reduce livestock gaseous emissions. In addition to animal proteins being excellent nutritional ingredients for the human diet, there is a growing concern regarding the amount of energy spent converting vegetable crops into animal protein and the relevant environmental impacts. Using the value chain analysis derived from the neoclassic production theory extended to industrial processing and the market, the hypothesis to be tested concerns the sustainability and convenience of different protein sources. The methodology implies the use of life cycle analysis (LCA) to evaluate the efficiency of different livestock diet ingredients. The use of feeding products depend upon various factors, including cost reduction, consumer acceptance, incumbent industry response, civil society support, policy consensus, lower depletion of natural resources, improved sustainable agri-food supply chain and LCA. EU policy makers should be aware of these changes in livestock and market chains and act proactively to encourage the use of alternative animal proteins.
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Zhan, Xueli, Qin Zhang, and Wenfeng Xie. "Dynamic Performance and Stability Research of VMI-APIOBPCS in Apparel Industry Based on Control Theory." International Journal of Enterprise Information Systems 14, no. 2 (April 2018): 56–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijeis.2018040104.
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In this article, the authors mainly investigate the dynamic performance of VMI-APIOBPCS (Vendor Manage Inventory-Automatic Pipeline Inventory and Order Based Production Control System) in the apparel industry. With the increasing importance of supply chain system integration, VMI-APIOBPCS can integrate various kinds of elements in the real operation, which is proved to be very effective in solving complex problems. Apparel supply chains have relatively more complicated dynamic behaviors because of the factors like volatile demand, the strong seasonality of sales and the large number of items with short life cycle or lacking historical data. In order to clear these behaviors, and come up with new ideas to solve present difficulties, the authors apply classic control theory to build up the model of VMI-APIOBPCS in apparel supply chain. They then analyze the dynamic performance of apparel supply chain and use Routh-Hurwitz Stability Criterion to analyze the stability on the expectation that the outcomes of our research can be useful in the practical occasions.
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He, Haixiang. "Information Fusion Algorithm for Big Data in Digital Publishing Industry Chain." Complexity 2021 (April 16, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9925567.
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This paper studies the information of big data in the digital publishing industry chain and adopts advanced algorithms for its fusion calculation. The basic theory of digital publishing ecological chain is dissected, the construction requirements, construction methods, and construction paths of digital publishing ecological chain are analysed, and feasible construction measures are proposed. It also defines the connotation of the fusion of knowledge services between publishing institutions and libraries in the digital era; then analyses the characteristics and principles of the fusion of knowledge services between publishing institutions and libraries in the digital era; and finally sorts out the theoretical foundations such as synergy theory, information integration service theory, and game theory. Meanwhile, this paper also studies the flow of digital publishing resources and empirically analyses the eco-efficiency of digital publishing eco-chain by using metabolic network analysis, population analysis, and life cycle analysis, and it finds the eco-efficiency problems of the existing e-book eco-chain from its analysis. Finally, the imbalance in the digital publishing ecological chain and its hazards are analysed, and specific regulation and optimization measures are proposed. The research in this paper makes up for the deficiencies of related studies and can well solve the problems that exist in the previous and provide theoretical support for the healthy development of digital publishing enterprises.
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Gao, Jingxin, Hong Ren, and Weiguang Cai. "Risk assessment of construction projects in China under traditional and industrial production modes." Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management 26, no. 9 (October 21, 2019): 2147–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ecam-01-2019-0029.
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Purpose High risk is one of the most prominent characteristics of the Chinese construction industry, and it poses a significant threat to construction projects. Owing to initiatives aimed at achieving high efficiency, low carbon emissions, etc., industrialization of the construction industry has become an inevitable trend in China. However, it remains to be discussed whether industrialization of construction can reduce the risks entailed in construction projects compared with traditional construction. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach Based on the theory of risk life cycle, this paper proposes a practical risk assessment technique to assess the risk life cycle, including the risk occurrence time and potential financial losses. This technique is then applied to assess the differences between the risks involved in an engineering, procurement and construction (EPC) project executed via traditional and industrial production modes. Findings The results show that the total duration of risks in the industrial construction project is half of that in the traditional project. In addition, the expected financial loss entailed in the industrial construction project is 29 percent lower than that in the traditional construction project. Therefore, industrial construction has the potential to optimize risk performance. Originality/value There is no significant difference between the traditional and industrial construction models in terms of probability of risk. The maximum total loss might occur in the procurement stage in the case of industrial production, and in the construction stage in the case of traditional production. Moreover, the total expected loss from risk in the EPC project in the industrial production mode is only half of that in the traditional production route. This study is expected to provide a new risk evaluation technique and promote an understanding of the life cycle of risk management in the construction industry.
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Yu, Susana, and Gwendolyn Webb. "The information content of dividend initiation announcements." Managerial Finance 43, no. 7 (July 10, 2017): 794–811. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mf-10-2015-0287.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the dividend initiation announcements made by firms in the information technology sector as defined in a modern system of industrial classification. Design/methodology/approach On the basis of a modern classification of the information technology industry, the authors examine a wide range of corporate performance and management measures to discriminate between the two theories of the information revealed by the announcement of dividend initiations, the signaling, and life cycle theories. Findings The empirical results are more consistent with the corporate life cycle theory of dividends than with the information signaling hypothesis. This finding helps clarify the nature of the information revealed by the announcement. Originality/value The paper has clear implications for investors who are interested in the growth prospects of technology firms, or for others interested in their prospective stability and degree of maturity.
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TenBrink, Candace, and Betsy Gelb. "When firms mature: keeping the ho-hum at bay and embracing change." Journal of Business Strategy 38, no. 5 (September 18, 2017): 12–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jbs-07-2016-0079.
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Purpose This paper aims to offer a research-based assessment of why mature firms in mature industries may struggle to survive. The basic issues explored are major hurdles to the dynamic path that the contingency theory would predict. Design/methodology/approach By examining dozens of studies through the lens of organizational and industry life cycle theory, the authors investigate how organizational maturity itself thwarts better choices. Findings Environmental shifts in the marketplace, rigid policies, lengthy procedures and internally focused politics often hinder change. Research limitations/implications Limited to examining the work of others, this paper, nevertheless, offers an approach to using the life cycle theory for new insights. Practical implications The results provide practitioners with a roadmap. The authors advise them to prepare early for the maturity stage, possibly bring in external talent, evaluate potential mergers or partnerships and consider building the R&D budget. Social implications Firm failure brings dislocation to a wide array of stakeholders. This paper emphasizes viable growth strategies, given the constraints firms face in maturity. Originality/value This paper deals with survival, integrating both environmental and organizational obstacles. This unique approach offers practitioners a synthesized view of the challenges they face in a mature stage and simultaneously suggests methods for change.
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J. Liapis, Konstantinos, Dimitrios D. Kantianis, and Christos L. Galanos. "Commercial property whole-life costing and the taxation environment." Journal of Property Investment & Finance 32, no. 1 (January 28, 2014): 56–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpif-08-2013-0049.
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Purpose – The main purpose of this paper is the incorporation of life-cycle costs (LCC) and whole-life costing (WLC) method and the taxation environment into the investment appraisal procedure for commercial real property projects. Design/methodology/approach – The paper initially presents the methodologies of LCC and WLC together with the NPV measure for the evaluation of real estate investments. These methods are incorporated into a decision-making model using mathematical approaches. The model is applied to a typical commercial property project (office building) in order to explore the significance of impacts from changes in structured variables and the taxation environment by introducing direct, indirect and property taxes in the evaluation of commercial real estate projects. Findings – Testing of the methodology on the Greek economic environment revealed that time, cost, the tax regime, the financial variables of funding and the monetary and fiscal environment in a commercial real property project are the main variables of net present value (NPV) of the investment. Practical implications – From the calibration of any impact from affected variables, decision-making aiding tools can be extracted for controlling the project throughout its entire life-cycle. Originality/value – An integrated WLC mathematical model for the investment appraisal of commercial property projects is introduced. The herein proposed methodology contributes to taxation policy and real estate theory in general and assists industry professionals in effective commercial property management and decision-making.