Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Inégalité sociale – Brésil – Salvador'
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Zordo, Silvia de. "Planifier la reproduction, construire la nation, gouverner la vie : planning familial et incorporation des inégalités à Salvador de Bahia." Paris, EHESS, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EHES0352.
Full textIn this dissertation, I examine the family planning politics carried out in Brazil since the military dictatorship as biopolitics. I examine in particular how they have been embodied by working class, black Bahian women grown up during the democratization process. First, I examine the history of eugenics and family planning in Brazil and in particular the medical and moral discourses concerning family planning developped during the last three decades. Then, through the ethnography of a family planning center, a maternity-hospital and a peripheral neighborhood in Salvador de Bahia, I show how social and particularly gender and racial iniqualities are produced and reproduced in the relationship between health professionals and patients and how they are embodied and discussed by the latter. Finally, I examine which are the consequences of this embodiment on their repoductive and contraceptive trajectories as well as on their daily life
Arseneau, Bussières Stéphanie. "Agentes communautaires de santé : être intermédiaires au coeur des inégalités sociales de santé : l'exemple de deux postes de santé de Salvador, Bahia, Brésil." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23861/23861.pdf.
Full textDavid, Maurício Dias. "Dynamique et permanence des exclusions sociales au Brésil : l'économie des pauvretés, des inégalités et de l'accumulation des richesses dans le Brésil contemporain." Paris 13, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA131011.
Full textPerrier, Lenita. "Couleur de peau et reconnaissance sociale : représentations et vécus des Afro-brésiliens émigrés à Paris." Paris, EHESS, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012EHES0541.
Full textDrawing from the life experience of non-white Brazilians emigrants to Paris, this thesis aimed at examining the intercultural dynamic within the transnational European context. Through fieldwork and semi-directive interviews carried out with this population, we tried to observe the relational processes these emigrants were able to establish in the context of their life experience in france and analyze what these processes would reveal about their socio-racial relations. Particular emphasis was given to the subjective and inter-subjective cognitive processes underpinning the actions and the objective choices of this population in their daily life in Paris. The study of the representations that the non-white Brazilians emigrants give to their life experioences was orientated by a certain number of questions: is the Brazilian model of society preserved or is it transformed by the migration experience? Is the cross-comparisaon between Brazilian society and French society an operational factor for social recognition? Or, does it hinder all possible transformation that would allow a cross-cultural mixing? Is there a space where the "afro-Brazilian", "Black" and "afro" identities would be able to evolve without being stigmatized or stereotyped? In order to answer these questions the present research tried to highlight the elements generated by the processes of identification which are paradoxically "fluid" and "marked" at the same time, revealing a combination that emphasize the constructed feature of the socio-racial identities both in Brazil and in France
Morgan, Mila Marc. "Essays on Income Distribution : Methodological, Historical and Institutional Perspectives with Applications to the case of Brazil (1926-2016)." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEH194.
Full textThis PhD thesis consists of three essays on income distribution, from the point of view of statistical production (methods) and economic development (history and institutions). The first chapter deals with the growing problem of household surveys to accurately portray the top tail if the income distribution. It proposes a new method to reconcile survey data with information from more trusted sources, such as tax data. The method produces a micro-dataset that preserves the consistency of other socio-demographic variables at both the individual and aggregate levels, to allow future research to be carried out under a more representative distributive framework. The procedure is illustrated by empirical applications to five countries, covering both developed and less-developed contexts over numerous years. The second and third chapters both make use of the method described in the first chapter to measure and analyse income inequality for different time periods and motives in Brazil -- a perennial late-developing economy, where household surveys are an increasingly problematic source from which to obtain credible information on the relative income growth of different parts of the population. The second chapter combines data from previously un-reconciled sources to uncover new evidence and a new understanding of income inequality in Brazil, focusing on the much debated period of the 2000s. It finds that inequality within the Bottom 90% of the distribution declined, but concentration at the top persisted at very high levels. This dichotomy was given by the strong average income growth in both tails of the distribution mainly between 2002 and 2013, while the middle of the distribution was squeezed. The fall in inequality among a large part of the population was due to the fall in labour earnings inequality, which was nonetheless insufficient to prevent the growing concentration of national income among economic elites. The chapter contextualises the findings to understand what may be driving the dynamics, from the progressive role of social policy, to the regressive role of the tax system and monetary policy. The third chapter extends the Brazilian inequality analysis over a longer historical time-frame to examine where it has come from. The overall objective is to shed new light on long-run distributional dynamics and their connection with economic growth in a late-developing country. Based on the construction of a rich inequality dataset covering the whole population since 1976 and a top income group since 1926, and its combination with other distributional information and macro statistics, the chapter shows the unprecedented levels and persistence of income concentration in Brazil, despite tumultuous economic and political change. It explains the absence of any sustained egalitarian levelling in the country through an endogenous theory of institutional shifts, which originate from structural-economic changes, but get ultimately appropriated by elites to avoid the redistribution of fundamental factors (land, capital, income, education) that the economic changes and related social actors seem to demand. It identifies the military coup of 1964 and its aftermath as a crucial moment in the history of Brazilian inequality, whose ideas and policies largely suspended inclusive growth, consigned distributional bottlenecks to future governments, and whose legacy can still be perceived today
Cunha, Lima Cintra Francisco. "Croissance et distribution des revenus au Brésil : approches théorique et historique." Paris 1, 2012. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00796523.
Full textGaulard, Mylène. "Accumulation du capital et inégalités : Une approche comparée Chine / Brésil." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00354436.
Full textNunes, Débora. "L'apprentissage de la citoyenneté à partir du travail communautaire : méthodologie d'intervention dans les quartiers populaires Recherche-action à Vila Verde, Salvador, Brésil." Paris 12, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA120010.
Full textThe author uses a concrete example to explore community-involvement in town-planning, communal work and citizenship, and the difficulties of combining research and the implementation of a project. The work is based on a case study: the vila verde project. Vila verde is a working class district on the edge of salvador, a large town in the north east of brazil. This experiment initiated a process of participative decision-making between local authorities and the population using an outside mediator. The project used a pre-established methodology to facilitate the participation of the population. Practical preparatory exercises were carried out to teach the vocabulary and methods of town-planning as well as the practice of direct democracy. The experiment continued despite the withdrawal of the local authorities in the course of the project. Thanks to the joint initiative of the population and the mediator some community facilities were set up (adult literacy classes and a kindergarten). The difficulties of the poor to get involved in participative processes and communal work are presented through a detailed study of their living conditions, behavoiur and mentality. In particular, the author places an interpretation on the stigmatisation of the poor by society and the internalisation of this supposed "inferiority" by the poor. The emergence of different leaders, conflicts, the roles of the different actors and the particular relationship between the researcher/actor and the population are the key issues for the research. The project can be considered as a practical success for the ideas behind the method of intervention. This success depended on the continual adaption of the initial ideas by the researcher
Després, Caroline. "Les conduites préventives à Curitiba (Sud du Brésil) : la responsabilité individuelle à l'épreuve des structures sociales." Paris, EHESS, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EHES0326.
Full textThis piece of research uses an anthropological approach to anlyse the preventive behaviors at Curitiba (southern Brazil). New categories of prevention are created in order to approach the prevention in the specific frames of reference of people outside the normative medical concept of prevention. The multicultural context of Brazil provides a rich material at the cultural and social level. This reveals a great diversity in the importance of prevention in people's life and in the forms it takes. The material collected was primarily based on interviews enabling the researcher to undersand how the relevant events are sensed in the life stories and what is implemented by people to prevent and protect themselves from diseases. The behaviors were analysed within their historical, social and medical context. Individual preferences and the structural dimensions that impose constraints on the individual choices are articulated
Lemes, Lila Maria. "Le rôle des thêmata dans la structuration des ensembles représentationnels : étude des couples justice-injustice et égalité-inégalité dans deux populations (Brésil-France)." Paris 5, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA05H080.
Full textThis work presents the role of themata in the dynamics of social representations, as studied in the relationships between "justice/injustice" and "equality/inequality. " The first two studies demonstrate that the relationship between two opposing social representations contribute to the organization of four social representations: injustice, inequality, equality and justice. Thelast two studies are intended to demonstrate that the interactions between these four objects of social thinking work as a framework to interpret situations. To uncover any historical and cultural reasons for the organization, we systematically compared, in all of the studies, the findings from Brazil and France. The results demonstrate that the relationships of opposing social representations are organized into groups composed of distinct social representations. When we compared them, they demonstrated symmetries and asymmetries. These groups of social representations generate a framework in which to interpret reality, and they seem to be independent of any sociohistorical roots
Dantas, Caffe Antonio Ricardo. "Cycles de croissance financiarisés en Amérique Latine depuis les années 1970 : l'économie brésilienne entre le cycle du "miracle" économique et le cycle stagnant (1967-2001)." Paris 13, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA131002.
Full textGignoux, Jérémie. "Analyse empirique de politiques d'éducation dans les pays en développement." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2006. http://spire.sciences-po.fr/hdl:/2441/f4rshpf3v1umfa09lat12424o.
Full textThis PhD thesis deals with the empirical analysis of conditional cash transfer programs, applied in Latin American countries since the mid of 1990. We analyse the effects of these policies on levels of education and economic inequalities. The first part of the thesis studies the impacts of these programs on educational outcomes. We use data from a social experiment realised for the evaluation of the Mexican program Progresa. We analyse the impacts of the program on the schooling and labour of children from beneficiary households and the externalities effects of the program on children whose families did not benefit the program. We then study methods for the prevision of effects of those programs using microeconomic models of household educational behaviours. The second part deals with the activities and economic behaviour of the youth in Rio de Janeiro favelas. Using data from a household survey we realised with Brazilian partners, we analyse social interactions effects on the activities, as well as the use made of their economic resources (participation to family incomes and personal expanses), of the youth living in the same neighbourhoods. The third part of the thesis studies long term effects of educational expansion on earnings inequalities in Brazil between 1976 and 1996. Using for waves of the nationally representative household survey Pnad, we analyse the evolution of global inequalities and of inequality of opportunities for men from 40 to 49 years old. We design and implement semi-parametric decompositions of the respective effects of (i) schooling expansion (ii) changes in the structure of earnings, and (iii) changes in intergenerational educational mobility
Dos, Santos Lauriane. "Faire justice aux marges : une ethnographie à bord des "tribunaux spéciaux itinérants" du Brésil (État de l'Amapá, région amazonienne)." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019EHES0164.
Full textThe thesis looks back at the establishment of the “special circuit courts” (juizados especiais itinerantes) in contemporary Brazil (from 1996 to now). Those are mobile courts that are specialized in “small dispute” settlement and the so-called "small claims" of the citizens – implying family, neighborhood or even land issues. They are aimed to ensure a presence of the judicial institution of the State in the spaces that are the most distant from it: both in a geographical and in a socio-cultural way. They have been created after the autocratic period, during the process of re-democratization of the regime, in order to allow a broader access to State justice for the poorest and the most marginalized parts of society, by providing them new free legal servicesThis research follows the path of one of the first courts of this type to be set up across the country. In the state of Amapá (region of Amazon), near French Guiana and Suriname, every two months, judges and conciliators of justice leave their offices in the city center to undertake journeys of several days or even weeks, sailing on the Amazon to the most remote villages and hamlets in their constituency. Once arrived in those localities, they settle the conflicts the inhabitants may have, by delivering what they define as a fast, effective and conciliatory justice. The thesis is based on a five-years field research in this Amazonian part of Brazil. By reading (the archives), by listening (during interviews) and by observing daily (through ethnography) the agents of justice, one can analyze in very concrete terms the judicial work they implement in the spaces they visit. At the hearing, as during the ordinary interactions between agents of justice and litigants, it is not only the access to law and justice which is provided as a resource to the inhabitants : it is also a legal shaping of lives and a moral adjustment of local social behaviors that takes place.Then the analyzes emphasize on the representations as on the practices of the judicial agents, by using both a diverse and qualitative data base. It shows how the judicial institution grasps the local daily lives in the visited villages. By intervening in the adjustment of relationships, both with oneself and with others, and by redefining locally the ways of being and living, the judicial institution then reveals itself and its central function in the social and moral and political regulation of society, provided that it is itself structured by social relations that go beyond it, and that it also reproduces in some way
Quiroga, Pamela. "Mobilités urbaines et inégalités : le cas des personnes âgées des quartiers populaires de Recife (Brésil)." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REN20057/document.
Full textIn a highly segregated context, the study of residential practices and daily mobility point significant inequalities between individuals and allows to understand the various constraints people are facing. The analysis of inequalities mobility in the city of Recife, centred on elderly people who lives in popular neighbourhoods to mitigate significant effects of social hierarchy, raises the main characteristics of the place of residence of the extent of social or state of health of the people in achieving differentiated practices in the territory networks. Using interviews survey conducted in three poor areas of the city (Brasilit, Cordeiro and Vila Arraes), the thesis proposes to link residential practices, daily mobility and strategies of people to better understand the observed inequalities. The results shows a trend to low mobility of elderly people in particular because of the constraints encountered in everyday life. This trend is explained by desire to limit the constrained mobilities and reduce the daily mobility. This finding gradually leads to focus our study on analysing the forms of ‘immobility’ in the place of residence while trying to understand the issues of these practices on the lives of residents
Num contexto altamente segregado, o estudo das mobilidades residenciais e quotidianas revela desigualdades significativas entre os indivíduos e permite identificar as dificuldades de cada pessoa. A análise das desigualdades de mobilidade na cidade de Recife, com foco na população idosa das áreas pobres da cidade para atenuar os efeitos da hierarquia social, aponta a importância das características do lugar de residência, das redes sociais ou ainda da saúde dos habitantes no desenvolvimento de práticas diferenciadas no espaço urbano. A pesquisa realizada em três áreas pobres da cidade (Brasilit, Cordeiro e Vila Arraes) propõe articular as práticas residenciais com as mobilidades quotidianas e as estratégias dos habitantes para assim compreender as desigualdades observadas nessa escala. Os resultados da pesquisa indicam uma tendência de baixa mobilidade dos idosos, especialmente por causa das dificuldades encontradas no cotidiano, mas também por causa de uma vontade de limitar os deslocamentos constrangedores e reduzir a mobilidade diária. Esta última observação tem focado progressivamente nosso estudo na análise das formas de "imobilidade" tentando apreender os rebatimentos dessas práticas nas condições de vida dos habitantes
"Agentes communautaires de santé: être intermédiaires au coeur des inégalités sociales de santé. L'exemple de deux postes de santé de Salvador, Bahia, Brésil." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23861/23861.pdf.
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