Journal articles: 'Inert material'

1

Lu, Fu-Hsing, Martin L. Newhouse, Rüdiger Dieckmann, and Jie Xue. "Platinum-a non-inert material reacting with oxides." Solid State Ionics 75 (January 1995): 187–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-2738(94)00147-k.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Karampatsou, G., Th Markopoulos, E. Repouskou, and G. Triantafyllou. "Minerological and physico-chemical properties of the building materials of Koule castle, Heraklion, Crete." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 47, no. 1 (September 5, 2013): 383. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.11013.

Full text

Abstract:

This study was designed to determine the physical and technical characteristics of the building stones and mortars of the Koule Castle Heraklion, in order to use compatible materials in future restoration works. Five core samples of rocks and masonry mortars have been extracted from different parts of the monument. Both mortar and rock samples have been studied by optical microscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Their morphological characteristics, granulometry and mineralogical composition have been determined. In the old mortars a thermogravimetric analysis was carried out, while mortar samples have also been studied by scanning electron microscopy. The building stones of Koule Castle are in their majority biomicritic breccia limestones and bioclastic limestones. The binder of the studied mortars consists of calcite, as a result of the lime carbonation. The inert material of the mortars consists mainly of calcite and secondarily of quartz. The inert to binder material ratio was determined by volume from 1/0,96 to 2,6 /1. In conclusion, the mortars to be used in future restoration works, should consist of compatible materials to the old mortars. The inert materials of the mortars should consist of quartz (70%) and secondarily of calcite (30%) and the binder of hydraulic lime NHL 3.5, in an inert material/ binder ratio of 2,5 /1, in order to protect the mortars against marine corrosion.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Yang, Chau-Ping. "Composition of demolition wastes from Chi-Chi earthquake-damaged structures and the properties of their inert materials." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 46, no. 4 (April 2009): 470–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t08-131.

Full text

Abstract:

The disastrous Chi-Chi earthquake struck Taiwan on 21 September 1999 and resulted in the creation of more than 20 million cubic metres of demolition waste, which was stored temporarily at several sites. To reduce the site clearing costs, the inert materials (concrete, brick, pottery, and fines) in the wastes should be reclaimed and recycled immediately; but most of their properties were not known. Therefore, this study investigates the properties of demolition wastes, including inert materials, coarse portions, and fines obtained from two earthquake demolition waste storage sites (Puli and Tali) and one normal urban construction waste storage site (Taichung). It is found that the volumetric content of inert materials from earthquake demolition waste is about 96%. Such inert material is classified as having an excellent subgrade rating and can be reused as subbase and base soils. The abrasion level of the coarse portions of inert materials from the three sites meets the required level of coarse aggregate according to Standard Taiwan Code CNS-490. On the other hand, the maximum dry unit weights of fines of inert materials from the three sites are greater than 14.7 kN/m3, and their shear strengths are higher than that of the same classification group (SW–SM) of natural soils, so they can be reused as construction soils.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

SALEH, ROSARI, LUSITRA MUNISA, and WOLFHARD BEYER. "INFRARED AND HYDROGEN EFFUSION STUDIES OF AMORPHOUS SILICON CARBON (a-Si:C:H) FILMS PREPARED BY DC MAGNETRON SPUTTERING (DCMS)." International Journal of Modern Physics B 16, no. 06n07 (March 20, 2002): 1110–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979202010956.

Full text

Abstract:

Infrared and effusion of hydrogen, as well as of the inert gases, were studied for dc magnetron sputtered a-Si:C:H films. A structural transition from compact to void-rich material is observed and attributed to hydrogen-induced void formation. Inert gas atoms were incorporated into the material by ion implantation. It is shown that the inert gas effusion spectra give the information about sizes of microstructure.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Jarosz, P., and S. Małecki. "Kinetics of the Fluidised Oxidation of Zinc Sulphide Concentrates with an Addition of Inert Materials/ Kinetyka Fluidalnego Utleniania Siarczkowych Koncentratów Cynku Z Dodatkiem Materiałów Obojętnych." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 59, no. 4 (December 1, 2014): 1367–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/amm-2014-0233.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract This paper presents the results of the kinetic studies of the zinc sulfide concentrate oxidation with the addition of inert, ZnO-containing materials. It was observed that about 15% of zinc oxide addition, obtained from steelmaking dust, improves the rate and maximum degree of oxidation of the concentrate. Kinetic equations of the process were determined, and the activation energy for various additions of inert material was calculated

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Chen, Chun-Yu, Jong-Hwa Shiuan, and I.-Feng Lan. "Design of an Inert Material Type Plane Wave Generator." Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics 18, no. 3 (June 1993): 139–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prep.19930180305.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Comissiong, D. M. G., L. K. Gross, and V. A. Volpert. "Frontal Polymerization in the Presence of an Inert Material." Journal of Engineering Mathematics 54, no. 4 (February 21, 2006): 389–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10665-005-9028-8.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Lyamin, G. A., and A. V. Pinaev. "Combustion regimes for gases in an inert porous material." Combustion, Explosion, and Shock Waves 22, no. 5 (1987): 553–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00755524.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Pezzi, L., Pier Antonio De Luca, D. Vuono, F. Chiappetta, and Alfonso Nastro. "Concrete Products with Waste's Plastic Material (Bottle, Glass, Plate)." Materials Science Forum 514-516 (May 2006): 1753–0. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.514-516.1753.

Full text

Abstract:

Plastic material is not easily biodegradable even after a long period, in fact a wide variety of waste materials can be utilized as inert in matrix cement. In this paper we have focused the attention on the use of plastic material particles incorporated as aggregate in concrete and we have evaluated the chemical, physical and mechanical properties

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Liu, Yi Han, Hua Wei Sun, and Wei Wei. "Study on the Characteristic and Effect of the Nickel Ferrite Spinel Cermet as Al Electrolysis Inert Anode." Materials Science Forum 690 (June 2011): 433–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.690.433.

Full text

Abstract:

Inert anode or non-consume anode possesses more advantages than traditional carbon anode in Al electrolysis. Because it does not consume during electrolysis, the inert anode can maintain its dimension; and this will led to the Al electrolysis easy to operate and administrate. Especially, the inert anode does not emit the carbon dioxide during the Al production, owing to its not consuming, and this has made the inert anode become one of the highlights in Al electrolysis industry. Unfortunately, up till now, there is no any material can endure the erosion of cryolite molten salt, keep its good electrolytic conductivity and be agreeable in price. In this paper, a cermet material composed of 85% nickel ferrite spinel and 15% metallic Ag has been studied, aim at exploring a kind of material which can be used as Al electrolysis inert anode. The works mainly focus on improving the boundary and microstructure between the metallic Ag and the nickel ferrite spinel interface. The practice test of this cermet material being used as Al electrolysis anode has been done in small laboratory scale, and its effect is quite better. We can draw the conclusion that the characteristic such as the conductivity, corrosion resistance and hot shock property of the cermet material can be greatly improved to meet the requirement of Al electrolysis by means of optimizing the spinel/metal interface, and once we settle the technique of fabricating this kind of anode to enough dimension, can we use this kind of material as inert anode in Al electrolysis industry to reduce the gas emission of carbon dioxide.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Oozeer, N. B., and A. Iyer. "Protection of tympanomeatal flaps using Visibility Background Material." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 124, no. 9 (April 7, 2010): 995–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215110000812.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractBackground:Over the years, various materials have been used by otologists to protect tympanomeatal flaps from damage by suction equipment or drills.Objective:This report aims to describe the use of Mercian's Visibility Background Material® (an inert, silicone-based material licensed for use in the human body, which does not get caught in drill flukes) to protect tympanomeatal flaps.Conclusion:We have used this material for over 12 months, without any complications.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Hirsch, Matthias, Johannes Dedenbach, Simon Lawes, and Adam T. Clare. "Focussed arc tungsten inert gas brazing of zinc-coated steels." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 232, no. 2 (April 18, 2016): 296–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954405416639901.

Full text

Abstract:

The brazeability of automotive zinc-coated steels depends on several factors. These include the morphology of the joint and the welding parameters selected. However, more fundamental material factors such as the composition of the coating, method of coating and coating thickness also have a significant effect. In this study, five commercially available and widely used automotive zinc-coated steels are investigated to assess brazeability. Surface zinc content and the coating type are shown to have a marked effect on the quality of the resulting joint. This is shown by surface analysis of the joint to determine evenness and bridging capability of the filler material and a cross-sectional analysis of the joints. Differences in wettability and contact length of the filler material and zinc-coated steel substrate are observed. It was found that electro-galvanised steel exhibited the best brazeability of the materials investigated here. Wettability of spreading angles as low as 17.3°, most uniform contact length and best bridging capability due to the filler material forming a metallic bond with the substrate were observed. However, pores were present in cross-sections. Galvannealed steel also showed good wetting with no embedded defects. Other steels used (galvanised and magnesium–aluminium zinc steels) presented problems with uniformity, high spreading angles of the filler material and poor bridging characteristics.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Gaevaya, E. V., and S. S. Tarasova. "Disposal of drilling sludge with obtaining environmentally safe inert material." Environmental Protection in Oil and Gas Complex, no. 4 (2020): 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.33285/2411-7013-2020-4(295)-53-58.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Sulaymon, Abbas H., and Shahlaa E. Ebrahim. "Saving amberlite XAD4 by using inert material in adsorption process." Desalination and Water Treatment 20, no. 1-3 (August 2010): 234–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5004/dwt.2010.1531.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Goguet, Alexandre, Christopher Hardacre, Burapat Inceesungvorn, Kevin Morgan, and Sergiy O. Shekhtman. "Correction for a possible reversible adsorption over an “inert” material." Catalysis Science & Technology 1, no. 5 (2011): 760. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c0cy00075b.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Milekhin, Yu M., A. A. Koptelov, A. A. Rogozina, and N. I. Shishov. "Thermal Decomposition of Enegy Composite Material with an Inert Binder." Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry 92, no. 12 (December 2019): 1680–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1070427219120085.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Obara, Toshiyuki, Tetsuro Yokono, Yuzo Sanada, and Harry Marsh. "Carbonization behaviour of pitch in the presence of inert material." Fuel 64, no. 7 (July 1985): 995–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-2361(85)90157-7.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Zhang, Li Peng, Xian Jin Yu, Zhi Wei Ge, Yun Hui Dong, Dang Gang Li, and Ya Li Zhang. "Research on Properties of SiC Coating Inert Anode for Aluminum Electrolysis." Materials Science Forum 686 (June 2011): 623–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.686.623.

Full text

Abstract:

The carbon composite materials with silicon carbide coating were prepared for aluminum electrolysis as inert anode. The oxidation resistance, corrosion resistance and electrical conductivity are researched respectively. The results showed that the inert anode had high anti-oxidation, corrosion resistance and high conductivity. The oxidation kinetics curve of the material obeys typical line-logarithmic law. The corrosion occurs mainly before 25 hours. The electric conductivity was stable and good, had the electric conductivity property of the semiconductor. The conductivity increased with temperature increasing, the conductivity at 850°C was 102S/cm

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Sollfrank, U., J. Kappeler, and W. Gujer. "Temperature Effects on Wastewater Characterization and the Release of Soluble Inert Organic Material." Water Science and Technology 25, no. 6 (March 1, 1992): 33–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1992.0112.

Full text

Abstract:

Whereas biokinetic parameters are known to depend on temperature, it is usually assumed that stoichiometry and wastewater composition do not depend on process temperature. With the aid of laboratory experiments with a Swiss wastewater of predominantly domestic origin it is demonstrated that the amount of inert, non-biodegradable organic material increases with decreasing process temperature. Based on changes in the composition of activated sludge, it is concluded that the inert material must originally be associated with a chemically reduced, slowly biodegradable, lipophilic fraction of the activated sludge, which contains little nitrogen.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Janevski, Jelena, Mladen Stojiljkovic, Branislav Stojanovic, and Mica Vukic. "Experimental research of the influence of particle size and fluidization velocity on zeolite drying in a two-component fluidized bed." Thermal Science 20, suppl. 1 (2016): 103–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci160128058j.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper presents the results of the kinetics research into the drying of fine grained material in a two-component fluidized bed. A review of theoretical and experimental investigations of aerodynamics of the fluidized bed is given, with a special insight into two-component fluidized beds, as well as the basics of heat and material transfer through a fluidized bed. Apart from the theoretical basis of convective drying of wet materials in a stagnant fluidized bed, the paper also emphasizes different approaches to fine grained material drying kinetics. Based on the experimental investigations, where zealots used as a representative of fine grained material and polyethylene as a representative of inert material (another component), an analysis of the influence of working parameters on drying in a two-component fluidized bed is performed. It is established that, apart from the influence of the considered parameters, such as fluidization velocity, diameter of fine grained material particles and drying agent temperature, on the drying curve, the participation of inert material can considerably increase the intensity of heat and material transfer in the fluidized bed. A comparison of the experimental drying curves of fine grained material in the two-component fluidized bed with the results from the studies by other authors shows satisfactory agreement.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Abdelaal, Ahmed. "Preliminary Contamination Risk Assessment of Mining Waste Using Spatial Analysis and Geochemical Characterization of Rock Formations. Case Study in Hungary." Journal of Environmental Geography 7, no. 3-4 (November 1, 2014): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jengeo-2014-0007.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract The Mine Waste Directive (2006/21/EC) requires the risk-based inventory of all mine waste sites in Europe. The geochemical documentation concerning inert classification and ranking of the mine wastes requires specific field study and laboratory testing and analyses of waste material to assess the Acid Mine Drainage potential and toxic element mobility. The procedure applied in this study used a multi-level decision support scheme for the inert classification of waste rock material including: 1) expert judgment, 2) data review, 3) representative field sampling and laboratory analysis and testing of rock formations listed in the National Inert Mining Waste List, and 4) requesting available laboratory analysis data from selected operating mines. Based on a preliminary expert judgment, the listed formations were classified into three categories. A: inert B: probably inert, but has to be checked, C: probably not inert, has to be examined. This paper discusses the heavy metal contamination risk assessment (RA) in the Hungarian quarrymine waste sites. In total 30 waste sites (including both abandoned mines and active quarries) were selected for scientific testing using the EU Pre-selection Protocol. Altogether 93 field samples were collected from the waste sites including andesite, rhyolite, coal (lignite and black coals), peat, alginite, bauxite, clay and limestone. Laboratory analyses of the total toxic element content (aqua regia extraction), the mobile toxic element content (deionized water leaching) carried out according to the Hungarian GKM Decree No. 14/2008. (IV.3) concerning mining waste management. A detailed geochemical study together with spatial analysis and GIS were performed to derive a geochemically sound contamination RA of the mine waste sites. Key parameters such as heavy metals, in addition to the landscape metric parameter such as the distance to the nearest surface and ground water bodies, or to sensitive receptors such as settlements and protected areas calculated and statistically evaluated in order to calibrate the RA methods. Results show that some of the waste rock materials, assumed to be inert, were found non-inert. Thus, regional RA needs more spatial and petrological examination with special care to rock and mineral deposit genetics.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Barros Filho, Tarcísio Eloy Pessoa, Cláudia Regina G. C. M. Oliveira, Reginaldo Perilo de Oliveira, Erika Meirelles Kalil Pessoa de Barros, Raphael Martus Marcon, and Alexandre Fogaça Cristante. "Application of expanded inert polytetrafluorethylene membrane in prevention of post laminectomy fibrosis in wistar rats." Acta Ortopédica Brasileira 11, no. 2 (April 2003): 110–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1413-78522003000200007.

Full text

Abstract:

Post laminectomy fibrosis in spine surgery has been responsible for a high rate of failure in a short or long term. Many of this patients develop chronic or recurrent pain after surgery of discal herniation, canal stenosis etc. Although there some doubts about the etiology of this problem, it was known that fibrosis interfere with the normal mobility of roots and spinal cord. This factor is considered as the most important aspect in the genesis of the surgical failures. To avoid postoperative fibrosis, a lot of materials of interposition between posterior spine muscles and dura mater were studied, without good response. This paper studied comparatively post laminectomy fibrosis in Wistar rats with the addition of the following materials to avoid it: control group (without interposition) and expanded inert polytetrafluoroethylene membrane (Preclude Spinal Membrane®). It was observed that accurate surgical technique apparently is an important factor to prevent the formation of abundant scar tissue and that the expanded inert polytetrafluoroethylene membrane is an inert material.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Gafarova, V. A., I. R. Kuzeev, and Andrei M. Schipachev. "Investigation of the Magnetic Nanoparticles Interaction on Inert Carriers." Key Engineering Materials 854 (July 2020): 80–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.854.80.

Full text

Abstract:

The present studies are devoted to studying the behavior of the nanopart during their interaction with the surface. Small additives in composite materials significantly increase their strength and other operational properties. When carrying out repairs in the oil and gas industry, it is promising to fill the detected cracks and crack-like defects with composite material, the distinguishing feature of which is high fluidity and penetration at the time of filling. After hardening, such composites must meet all the requirements for strength and durability. Such properties can be obtained using magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles. In the molding process, a balance must be maintained between the adhesive strength of the composite compound and its cohesive strength. For this, it is crucial to know the underlying mechanisms of the formation of thin films containing nanoparticles on the surface of various structural materials.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Chaurasia, Himanshi, Santosh K. Tripathi, Kamlesh Bilgaiyan, Akhilesh Pandey, K. Mukhopadhyay, Kavita Agarwal, and N. Eswara Prasad. "Preparation and properties of AlN (aluminum nitride) powder/thin films by single source precursor." New Journal of Chemistry 43, no. 4 (2019): 1900–1909. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8nj04594a.

Full text

Abstract:

The precursor hexa urea aluminate(iii) was pyrolysed at various temperature (800 °C to 1000 °C) and pressure (100 Torr to 1 Torr) under inert atmosphere to study the effect of temperature, pressure and inert gases for the conversion of precursor to AlN material/thin films.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Pindar, Sanjay, and Nikhil Dhawan. "Evaluation of carbothermic processing for mixed discarded lithium-ion batteries." Metallurgical Research & Technology 117, no. 3 (2020): 302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metal/2020025.

Full text

Abstract:

The limited life span and huge demand for lithium-ion batteries, environment concerns, and the consumption of rare metals such as lithium and cobalt are the key facts for the worldwide recycling efforts. In this study, the cathode material of discarded lithium-ion batteries was carbothermally reduced using recovered graphite. A comparative evaluation of reduction behavior of single-phase (LiCoO2) and mixed-phase (LiCoO2.LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4.LiMn2O4) cathode materials was investigated under an ambient and inert atmosphere. Processing of single-phase cathode material in inert atmosphere yielded pure metallic cobalt, whereas, higher metallic recoveries and metal purity were obtained by processing of mixed cathode material in ambient conditions. The excellent product obtained under ambient conditions comprises 68% Co, 21% Mn, 2.5% Ni with saturation magnetization: 106 emu/g, and a precursor for the synthesis of cathode material. The process yield is 46.2% and lithium extraction 83%. In terms of metal purity and recovery, graphite was found to be better for reduction than activated charcoal. The process followed is simple, adaptable, and cost-effective for metals recovery from discarded lithium-ion batteries.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Wellmann, P. J., Lars Fahlbusch, Michael Salamon, and Norman Uhlmann. "Application of In Situ 3D Computed Tomography during PVT Growth of 4H-SiC for the Study of Source Material Consumption under Varying Growth Conditions." Materials Science Forum 858 (May 2016): 49–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.858.49.

Full text

Abstract:

2D and 3D in-situ X-ray visualization was applied to study the behavior of the SiC source material during PVT growth under various growth conditions. Experiments were carried out in two growth chambers for the growth of 3 inch and 4 inch crystals. Growth parameters were varied in the gas room in terms of axial temperature and inert gas pressure. The study addresses the stability of the SiC source material surface. It is shown that a higher inert gas pressure (e.g. 25 mbar) inhibits an unintentional upward evolution of the SiC feedstock that interferes with the crystal growth interface. The latter is related to a suppression of a pronounced recrystallization inside the SiC source. For a low inert gas pressure (e.g. 10 mbar) it is concluded that the axial temperature gradient inside the source material needs to be decreased to less than ca. 10 K/cm.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Kostohryz, K. P., V. A. Zhaivoronok, Yu I. Khvastukhin, and S. M. Roman. "PRODUCTION OF LIME WITH HIGH REACTIVITY IN A FLUIDIZED BED APPARATUS OF AN INERT MATERIAL." Energy Technologies & Resource Saving, no. 1 (December 20, 2018): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.33070/etars.1.2018.04.

Full text

Abstract:

In dry desulfurization, for example, of gaseous combustion products of thermal power plants and incineration plants, calcium oxide CaO, as a product of firing of natural carbonate rocks, mainly limestones (CaCO3), is widely used. Firing technology, depending on the limestone heat treatment regimes, form a product with certain physicochemical properties: porosity, specific surface, shrinkage value, chemical activity. The influence of heat treatment conditions on the properties of the product obtained is studied. The possibility of fast low temperature heat treatment of finely dispersed limestone in a fluidized bed of an inert material to produce CaO of the required quality is shown. Research facility, technique for carrying out experiments and processing experimental data are described. As a result of the research, the degree of calcination of 80 % of fine limestone in a device with fluidized bed of inert material was achieved and the residence time of the particles in the inert layer was determined. Bibl. 10, Fig. 2, Tab. 1.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Roy Choudhury, S., and Y. Jaluria. "Thermal transport due to material and gas flow in a furnace for drawing an optical fiber." Journal of Materials Research 13, no. 2 (February 1998): 494–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1998.0064.

Full text

Abstract:

The transport processes involved in the neck-down region for optical fiber drawing are numerically investigated. In this manufacturing process, a moving glass rod is heated in a furnace containing an inert gas environment and drawn into a thin optical fiber. The conjugate problem is solved considering both radiation and convection, with focus on the latter. Two different flow configurations, involving inert gas flow in the same as well as in the opposite direction as the moving preform/fiber, are considered in this study. A coordinate transformation is used to change the complicated computational domains in the gas and the fiber to cylindrical ones. The transport in the fiber is coupled with that in the gas through the boundary conditions. The radiative thermal transport is calculated using an enclosure model developed in an earlier study. The numerical results on convective flow and transport are validated by comparing with results available in the literaturefor simpler configurations. The effects of several important parameters such as fiber draw speed, inert gas velocity, furnace dimensions, and gas properties on the flow and temperature distributions are investigated. For the aiding flow case, in which the inert gases flow in the same direction as the fiber, heat transfer to the fiber increases as the gas velocity increases. For opposing flow, a recirculating region appears in the gas, close to the moving fiber surface, causing reduction in heat transfer as compared to the aiding case. The thickness of this recirculating zone decreases with increasing inert gas velocity. Radiation is found to be the dominant mode of heat transfer in the overall heating of the preform/fiber, with nitrogen as the inert gas. However, near the edges of the furnace, radiation heat transfer is relatively small and convection becomes very important. Also, the convective transfer rate is relatively large near the flow entrance because of the large temperature difference between the gas and the fiber. However, away from the entrance, the gas heats up and the temperature difference relative to the fiber decreases, resulting in a smaller convective heat transfer rate. The relevance of the results to various aspects of the fiber-drawing process is discussed.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Hernández Parrodi, Juan Carlos, Daniel Vollprecht, and Roland Pomberger. "CASE STUDY ON ENHANCED LANDFILL MINING AT MONT- SAINT-GUIBERT LANDFILL IN BELGIUM: PHYSICO-CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION AND VALORIZATION POTENTIAL OF COMBUSTIBLES AND INERT FRACTIONS RECOVERED FROM FINE FRACTIONS." Detritus, no. 10 (March 31, 2020): 44–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.31025/2611-4135/2020.13941.

Full text

Abstract:

The fine fractions account for the largest share of material recovered through (enhanced) landfill mining. These fractions typically present challenging characteristics for processing and valorization methods and, hence, they have been largely discarded in previous landfill mining projects. This situation has hindered the economic and environmental feasibility of landfill mining, since most of the excavated waste has been directed back into the landfill. Therefore, the fine fractions are one of the major challenges faced by (enhanced) landfill mining and suitable material and energy recovery schemes for these fractions need to be further developed and, if necessary, created. To this end, the physico-chemical characteristics of the “Combustibles” and “Inert” fractions recovered from the fine fractions <90 mm through a dry-mechanical process have been determined and their suitability for waste-to-material and waste-to-energy schemes has been evaluated in the MSG case study. The recovered “Combustibles” fractions represented 12.5 wt.% and 9.0 wt.% of the fine fractions <90 mm processed in the optimal water content and dry states, while the recovered “Inert” fractions accounted for 35.5 wt.% and 37.2 wt.%, respectively. According to the EN 15359:2011, the “Combustibles” fractions could be valorized as SRF in (co-)incineration, power and cement plants in both the optimal water content state and the dry state in the EU. However, in Austria these fractions can only be incinerated and not co-incinerated according to the Austrian Waste Incineration Ordinance (AVV), since in some cases they present concentrations of As, Cd, Co, Hg and Pb above the limit values. Therefore, in contrast to conventional (co-)incineration, the plasma gasification process proposed by the NEW-MINE project might offer a potential waste-to-energy valorization route for the combustible fractions obtained from the fine fractions of landfill-mined waste. As for the “Inert” fractions, there is no overarching legislation in the EU to regulate such materials yet in place and, hence, these fractions are solely subject to national or local regulations on recycling building materials. In Austria the “Inert” fractions would need further treatment in order to be valorized as a substitute for construction aggregates according to the Austrian Recycling Building Materials Ordinance (RBV), as they exceed the limit values for hydrocarbons, Cd, Pb, Zn, NH4+ and anionic surfactants in certain cases. Therefore, suitable waste-to-material valorization schemes for the recovered inert fractions from the fine fractions of landfill-mined waste are to be further developed, while appropriate overarching regulations need to be created at EU level.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Belanov, I. P., N. B. Naumova, I. S. Semina, and O. A. Savenkov. "METALLURGICAL PRODUCTION SLAGS – PROMISING MATERIAL FOR TECHNOLOGICAL WASTE RECLAMATION." Izvestiya Visshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii. Chernaya Metallurgiya = Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy 61, no. 12 (January 16, 2019): 987–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/0368-0797-2018-12-987-992.

Full text

Abstract:

The article describes results of the microplot field trial to investigate potential use of metallurgical slags for fracture of capillary rim during reclamation of toxic waste dumping areas, such as enrichment plants tailings, solid waste dumps, etc., with minimal possible introduction of fertile soil layer. Such approach allows energy-effective utilization of metallurgical wastes. Four slags, produced at EVRAZ West Siberian plant by different technologies were used: white nonferrous, blast-furnace, converter and electric furnace slags. These slags were used as an inert material, underlying thin fertile soil layer in experimental microplots, where perennial plants (legume-grass mixture) were sawn. For each slag there was check variant (no fertilizer added), and variants with potassium humic agents, and their combination as mineral fertilizers. Aboveground phytomass at the end of the grow ing season varied from 17 to128 g/m2. Converter and blast furnace slags, which had the least phytotoxicity, appeared to be better inert materials. Mineral fertilizer, introduced itself and combined with humic agents, has increased aboveground phytomass 2 – 4 times as compared with check variant. Used separately, humic agent did not affect plant production, whereas used together with mineral fertilizer, it increased phytomass 1.6 – 1.8 times. Thus combined introduction of mineral fertilizer and humic agents is recommended to stimulate germination abilit y and phytomass production. Converter and blast furnace slags can be used as inert materials for reclamation with minimal fertile soil layer application, whereas white non-ferrous and electric furnace slags are not recommended for such application due to their high phytotoxicity, negatively affecting growth and development of perennial plants, used for reclamation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Yordanov, Krastin, Aneliya Stoyanova, and Jaroslav Argirov. "Determining the Properties and Structure of Welded Copper Plates and Establishing their Connection with the Temperature Field Distribution in the Studied Zones." Advanced Materials Research 1111 (July 2015): 217–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1111.217.

Full text

Abstract:

The aim of our study is to determine the properties and structure of the material after welding thin copper plates in a shielding medium of inert gas (argon) with unsmeltable tungstic electrode by determining the temperature fields during welding. This welding method is well-known as tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Chernyshov, E. A., N. A. Kulinchenko, and P. L. Zhilin. "Analysis of Technological Capabilities and Peculiarities of Fuse Welding of Products Made of Metal-Matrix Composite Materials Based on Aluminum Alloy Produced by Internal Oxidation." Materials Science Forum 992 (May 2020): 392–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.992.392.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper describes the outcomes of practical experiments in the validation of a technology for welding of the Al-Al2O3 metal-matrix composite material produced by the internal oxidation method. Technological capabilities are herein considered for argon-arc welding (Tungsten Inert Gas/ TIG) with filler wire and arc welding in a protective inert/active gas medium using a melting electrode (Metal Inert Gas/ MIG) for joining sheets of A6 aluminum alloy-based metal-matrix composite material (MMC). Mechanical properties of welded joints are determined and the fracture macrostructure is investigated. Fracture patterns and tensile strength are shown for different modes of welding procedure for alloy plates of 5, 8 mm in thickness by the TIG method and 25 mm by the MIG method. The macrostructural and mechanical heterogeneity of welded joints is shown. Welds made under optimal conditions are free of any macrodefects. The welded joint strength is up to 96% of the base material strength.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

de Pedro, Miguel A., Christoph G. Grünfelder, and Heinz Schwarz. "Restricted Mobility of Cell Surface Proteins in the Polar Regions of Escherichia coli." Journal of Bacteriology 186, no. 9 (May 1, 2004): 2594–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.186.9.2594-2602.2004.

Full text

Abstract:

ABSTRACT The polar regions of the Escherichia coli murein sacculus are metabolically inert and stable in time. Because the sacculus and the outer membrane are tightly associated, we investigated whether polar inert murein could restrict the mobility of other cell envelope elements. Cells were covalently labeled with a fluorescent reagent, chased in dye-free medium, and observed by microscopy. Fluorescent material was more efficiently retained at the cell poles than at any other location. The boundary between high and low fluorescence intensity areas was rather sharp. Labeled material consisted mostly of cell envelope proteins, among them the free and murein-bound forms of Braun's lipoprotein. Our results indicate that the mobility of at least some cell envelope proteins is restrained at regions in correspondence with underlying areas of inert murein.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Pontual, Júlia Oliveira, Noelle D’emery Gomes Silva, R. A. Sanguinetti Ferreira, and Yogendra Prasad Yadava. "Study of Stability of Al₂O₃-Y₂O₃-ZrO₂ Composite Ceramics in Crude Petroleum Environment for Inert Coating Applications in Petroleum Industry." Materials Science Forum 881 (November 2016): 318–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.881.318.

Full text

Abstract:

Crude petroleum storage and transportation systems suffer from constant physical stress caused by chemical attack of crude petroleum on its structure. Ceramics are materials with high chemical stability in hostile environment and therefore can be used as an inert coating material. In the present work we have produced Al2O3-Y2O3-ZrO2 composites with high mechanical strength, through thermo-mechanical processing. To evaluate the quality of materials developed and the possibility of using them as inert protective coatings, storage and transportation systems, we have studied the physic-chemical and mechanical stability of these materials in crude petroleum originated from onshore and offshore. Structural, microstructural and mechanical tests showed that 15-20wt% ZrO2 composite ceramics with 2 wt% of Y2O3 additives presented better results in terms of mechanical hardness and microstructural characteristics. The study of stability of composite ceramics in crude petroleum environment showed that ceramics did not present any additional phase except the constituent phases. Result of microscopy and Vickers hardness tests also showed that there is no visible change in these characteristics after even 90 days of submersion in crude petroleum. Thus we conclude that composite ceramics could be potential materials for inert coating in crude petroleum environment.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Shkadinskii, K. G., and P. M. Krishenik. "Steady combustion front in a mixture of fuel and inert material." Combustion, Explosion, and Shock Waves 21, no. 2 (March 1985): 176–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01463731.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Baskakov, A. P., N. F. Filippovskii, V. A. Munts, and A. A. Ashikhmin. "Temperature of particles heated in a fluidized bed of inert material." Journal of Engineering Physics 52, no. 5 (May 1987): 574–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00873312.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Sun, Tao, Xiao Shan Ning, Yong Sheng Han, and He Ping Zhou. "Study on Spark Plasma Sintering of NiAl₂O₄-Metal Inert Anodes." Key Engineering Materials 280-283 (February 2007): 771–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.280-283.771.

Full text

Abstract:

NiAl2O4-metal composite material is an effective candidate for anodes used in industrial production of aluminium as a substitute for graphite anodes. NiAl2O4-Cu-Ni anode was prepared by spark plasma sintering in present paper. According to the density and electrical conductivity of the anodes, the optimal process parameters were given and the result showed that sintering temperature had the most significant influence on the properties of the inert anodes. Moreover, NiO was added to the inert anodes. The results showed that adding NiO will highly increase electrical conductivity of the inert anodes. SEM and optical microscope were applied to study the mechanism of the effect of NiO on the inert anodes.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Kaczyńska, Katarzyna, Konrad Kaczyński, and Piotr Pełka. "Experimental determination of a mass loss of biomass pellets at different temperatures of the combustion chamber combusted in a stream of inert material." E3S Web of Conferences 82 (2019): 01007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20198201007.

Full text

Abstract:

In the herein paper, research on the mass loss of biomass pellets is presented. The research was carried out on a specially constructed test stand. In the research three types of pellet fuels were used, which were made of oak sawdust, sunflower husk and straw. The research was carried out at three different temperatures of the combustion chamber: 850°C, 750°C and 650°C. The research was carried out without inert material and mass rate flow Gs=2,5kg/m2s and Gs=5kg/m2s. Quartz sand was the inert material. It was expected that an increase in the temperature prevailing in the combustion chamber would accelerate the process of mass loss of the biomass pellet combustion. However, the results of the experiment indicated that this is not the case in every analyzed case. The mass flow rate of inert material intensifies the combustion process and accelerates the biomass pellets made of oak sawdust mass loss, but increasing the temperature in the combustion chamber accelerates the process of biomass pellets mass loss more than the mass flow rate of inert material. Based on the experimental tests carried out, it was found that biomass can be combusted in circulating fluidized bed boilers, albeit due to the diversified chemical composition of the biomass (alkali content), the boiler should be operated in such a way as to prevent the softening and melting temperature of the ash being exceeded.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Agrawal, Dinesh K., Girish Harshé, Else Breval, and Rustum Roy. "[NZP], NaZr2P3O12-type materials for protection of carbon-carbon composites." Journal of Materials Research 11, no. 12 (December 1996): 3158–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1996.0401.

Full text

Abstract:

Carbon-carbon composites, if not suitably protected, suffer from the problem of oxidation of the surface in normal atmospheres at temperatures above 350 °C. For this reason they need to be protected from oxidizing environments by either using an impermeable coating, or using a sacrificial protective coating of a suitable material, and/or doping of an oxidation inhibitor in the carbon. In this study we have used a new family of materials with tailorable thermal expansion characteristics, namely, the [NZP] family as the materials for developing a suitable coating material for C-C composites. The candidates selected for matching thermal expansion with that of carbon are Ca0.5Sr0.5Zr4P6O24, SrZr4P6O24, and Ba1.175Zr4P5.65Si0.35O24. They can be sintered in inert atmosphere without decomposition of the phases, and can be hot-pressed in inert atmosphere with C-C composites at 1250 °C without decomposition or chemical interaction. They are stable in the presence of carbon up to 1200 °C for at least a period of 4 h. They also do not show any weight loss after exposure to various temperatures up to 1200 °C for 4 h.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Baranowska-Korczyc, Anna, Krzysztof Maksymiuk, and Agata Michalska. "Electrospun nanofiber supported optodes: scaling down the receptor layer thickness to nanometers – towards 2D optodes." Analyst 144, no. 15 (2019): 4667–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9an00756c.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Camilleri DDS, MSc, PhD, Josette. "Is Mineral Trioxide Aggregate a Bioceramic?" Odovtos - International Journal of Dental Sciences 18, no. 1 (March 17, 2016): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/ijds.v18i1.23482.

Full text

Abstract:

Bioceramics are a subset of biomaterials and define ceramic materials, which are biocompatible. The range of biocompatibility is wide from totally inert materials to fully resorbable materials that are fully replaced with time. The first mention of Bioceramics in Endodontics referred to a study on a new material Bioaggregate, which was developed as a replacement for mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) boasting a Portland cement free formulation. But is MTA a bioceramic?.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Hayes, John R., and Andrew P. Grosvenor. "Investigation of NdxY0.25–xZr0.75O1.88 inert matrix fuel materials made by a co-precipitation synthetic route." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 94, no. 3 (March 2016): 198–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjc-2015-0485.

Full text

Abstract:

Yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) is a material that is being considered for use as an inert matrix fuel in nuclear reactors, but a complete characterization of these materials is required for them to be licensed for use. A series of NdxY0.25–xZr0.75O1.88 materials have been synthesized using a co-precipitation method, and the thermal stability of these materials has been studied by annealing them at 1400 and 1500 °C. (Nd was used as surrogate for Am.) The long-range and local structures of the materials were characterized via powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, wavelength dispersive spectroscopy, and X-ray absorption spectroscopy at the Zr K- and Y K-edges. These results were compared with the previous characterization of Nd-YSZ materials synthesized using a ceramic method. The results indicated that the ordering in the local metal–oxygen polyhedral remains relatively unaffected by the synthetic method, but there was increased long-range disorder in the materials prepared by the co-precipitation method. Further, it was found that the materials produced by the co-precipitation method were unexpectedly unstable when annealed at high temperature. This study highlights the importance of determining the effect of synthetic method on material properties and demonstrates how the co-precipitation route could be used to produce inert matrix fuels.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Marthiana, Wenny, Yovial Mahyoedin, Duskiardi Duskiardi, and Afri Rahim. "Analisa Pengaruh Variasi Arus Listrik Pengelasan Terhadap Kekuatan Sambungan Pengelasan MIG Pada Material ST 37." JURNAL KAJIAN TEKNIK MESIN 5, no. 2 (September 6, 2020): 140–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.52447/jktm.v5i2.4217.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstrakPada proses produksi, pengaturan parameter poses memegang peranan penting terhadap tercapainya mutu produk yang dihasilkan. Pada proses pengelasan, salah satu parameter proses pengelasan yang harus diperhatikan adalah besar arus pengelasan. Kajian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui besar kuat arus yang sesuai pada proses pengelasan material ST 37 menggunakan proses pengelasan MIG (Metal Inert Gas). Pengujian dilakukan dengan memvariasikan besar kuat arus pengelasan yaitu pada 90A, 100A, 110A serta 120A. Pengujian tarik dilakukan terhadap hasil pengelasan tersebut. Hasil pengujian tarik menunjukkan, pengelasan menggunakan kuat arus sebesar 110A memberikan nilai yang maksimum pada beberapa besaran pengujian. Untuk nilai tegangan tarik, σ memiliki nilai 16.9 kg/mm2, modulus elastisitas, E, 3.14 kg/mm2 serta Regangan ε, 5.42%. Kata kunci: pengelasan, Metal Inert Gas, Tegangan Tarik, modulus elastisitas AbstractThe appropriate production parameter process plays an important role in fulfill the quality of the products such as mechanical properties like tensile strength and percentage of elongation of MIG welded joints. Likewise, in the welding process, one of the welding process parameters that is welding current must be considered, since the welding current is most influential parameters affecting weld penetration, deposition rate, weld bead geometry and quality of weld metal. Variation of welding current on MIG (Metal Inert Gas) welding process on ST 37 specimen was to examine the effects on like tensile strength and percentage of elongation and elasticity modulus. From the experiment, it is found that when welding current increased up to 110 Ampere the tensile strength tends to incline then slightly decline when welding current increased, modulus elasticity value and percentage of elongation value as well. The maximum value of tensile strength 16.9 kg/mm2 percentage of elongation value 5.42%. and modulus of elasticity 3.14 kg/mm2 were gained at 110 ampere welding current Keywords: welding process, Metal Inert Gas, Tensile strength, elasticity modulus ,percentage of elongation

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Fu, Xian Wei, Chun Mian Lin, and Ya Ping Guo. "Influences of COD Model Components in ASM2D on Oxygen Mass Transfer Coefficient." Advanced Materials Research 777 (September 2013): 347–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.777.347.

Full text

Abstract:

Chemical Oxygen Demand was split into SA (volatile acid / fermentation products), SF (fermentable, readily bio-degradable organic substrates), XS (slowly biodegradable substrates), SI (Inert soluble organic material) and XI (Inert particulate organic material). Research of how these model components affect the oxygen transfer coefficient (KLa) was studied in this paper. The results showed that with the increase of SA, KLa decreased, KLa first decreased when SF was in 25-100 mgCOD/L, then it increased in 100-200 mg/L,then it decreased again. XS has a poor regularity and slight infect on oxygen mass transfer, XI, SI may inhibit the oxygen transfer.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Mitchell, Robert, Rik Brydson, and Richard E. Douthwaite. "Enhancement of hydrogen production using photoactive nanoparticles on a photochemically inert photonic macroporous support." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 17, no. 1 (2015): 493–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4cp04333b.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Grange, Nathan, Pietro Tadini, Khaled Chetehouna, Nicolas Gascoin, Guillaume Bouchez, Samuel Senave, and Isabelle Reynaud. "Experimental determination of fire degradation kinetic for an aeronautical polymer composite material." International Journal of Structural Integrity 9, no. 1 (February 5, 2018): 76–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijsi-03-2017-0021.

Full text

Abstract:

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the fire resistance of an innovative carbon-reinforced PEKK composite for aeronautical applications. To this end, thermal degradation analysis under inert and oxidative atmosphere is carried out. Moreover, a linear model fitting approach is compared to a generally used isoconversional method to validate its reliability for kinetic triplet estimation. Design/methodology/approach Thermogravimetric analysis carried out under inert and oxidative atmospheres, between 25 and 1000°C for three different heating rates (5, 15, 25°C/min), followed by a qualitative SEM observation of the samples before and after thermal treatment. After the reaction identification by TG/DTG curves, an isoconversional analysis is carried out to estimate the activation energy as a function of the reaction conversion rate. For the identified reactions, the kinetic triplet is estimated by different methods and the results are compared to evaluate their reliability. Findings In inert case, one global reaction, observed between 500-700°C, seems able to describe the degradation of carbon-PEKK resin. Under oxidative atmosphere, three main reactions are identified, besides the resin degradation, the other two are attributed to char and fiber oxidation. Good agreement achieved between isoconversional and linear model fitting methods in activation energy calculation. The achieved results demonstrate the high thermal resistance of PEKK associated with the ether and ketone bonds between the three aromatic groups of its monomer. Originality/value This paper provides a possible degradation model useful for numerical implementation in CFD calculations for aircraft components design, when exposed to high temperatures and fire conditions.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Abd Razak, Rafiza, Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah, Kamarudin Hussin, I. Khairul Nizar, D. Hardjito, and Yahya Zarina. "Reviews on the Properties of Aggregates Made with or without Geopolymerisation Method." Advanced Materials Research 626 (December 2012): 892–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.626.892.

Full text

Abstract:

Aggregates are popular for use in concrete and lightweight concrete applications. Recent research shows that the by-product materials such as fly ash can be used as raw material in producing aggregates and lightweight aggregates. The usage of this material can improve the quality of the aggregates produced compared to conventional in term of structurally strong, physically stable, durable, and environmentally inert. This paper summarized the process and mechanical testing on the fly ash aggregates and lightweight aggregates to be used in concrete.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

LIU, Chuhua, Yudong WANG, Bin YANG, and Yongnian DAI. "Long-Term Testing of WC–Ni–Fe Coating as an Inert Anode in a Low-Temperature Electrolyte for Aluminum Production." Materials Science 26, no. 2 (December 18, 2019): 179–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ms.26.2.21574.

Full text

Abstract:

The behaviour of WC-Ni-Fe coating on 2Cr13 and X3CrNiMo18-12-3 stainless steel substrates was investigated in the context of their application as inert anode materials in a low-temperature (850 °C) electrolyte (50 wt.% AlF3-45 wt.% KF-5 wt.% Al2O3) by long-term testing around 50 h for aluminum production. The results show that the materials were corroded in a controlled manner and the extrapolated corrosion rates of WC–Ni–Fe/X3CrNiMo18-12-3 anode was 5.8 cm per year, which is acceptable from an industrial perspective. The total contamination level of anode constituents in the deposited metal was as low as 0.283 wt.%. These encouraging results seemed to be related in part to the X3CrNiMo18-12-3 substrate that allows only very slow penetration of oxygen atoms into the inner part. Post-electrolysis examination of the anodes indicates that the substrate material is one of the most important factors that determine the erosion resistance of coating inert anode. The results of electrolysis using 2Cr13 and X3CrNiMo18-12-3 substrates indicate that the electrical current is another important factor for the erosion resistance of inert anode coatings.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Yao, Bi Qiang, and Xue Jun Zhu. "Drying Model of Paste Materials in Fluidized Bed with Inert Particles and Immersed Heating Tubes." Advanced Materials Research 412 (November 2011): 463–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.412.463.

Full text

Abstract:

The mechanism of drying paste materials was investigated in a fluidized bed with inert particles and inner heats. A mathematical model is proposed to predict the specific water evaporation. The drying properties of dryer can be predicted based on the correlation equations. The drying of paste CaCO3materials was industrial-mode experimentally carried out in a fluidized bed with inert particles and immersed heating tubes. The paste material was spray droplet in sizes range of 200~400μm with pressure nozzles or air-blast nozzles, and spray to the surface of inert particles, and the feasible drying conditions were researched. The feasible drying parameters, operation parameters and equipment parameters were researched. The results show that this drying technology can be enhanced the heat transfer and the paste materials of high viscosity can be effectively distributed into the fluidized bed, well distributed temperature in beds, large elasticity of operation, the low energy consumption. The new drying equipment has high drying capacity, small equipment size. The results can provide important meaning on theory and instructing practice for developing the new drying technology with high drying efficiency and low dissipation of energy.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

McDonnell, Gerald, Rasa Amato, Paul S. Malchesky, Stephanie Harrington, David S. Muzic, and Roger E. Marchant. "Use of Dacron as an Alternative Carrier for Evaluating Oxidizing Sterilants in the AOAC Sporicidal Test." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 83, no. 2 (March 1, 2000): 269–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/83.2.269.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract The AOAC sporicidal method (966.04) recommends the use of porcelain penicylinders and black waxed silk sutures as carriers for demonstrating the sporicidal activity of sterilants. However, the silk carriers are not suitable for evaluating the sporicidal efficacy of oxidizing agents, and an inert polyester material (Dacron) is recommended as an alternative. Dacron provides an equivalent microbial and physical challenge to silk. Microbiologically, both materials demonstrated similar HCl resistance, which is required by the AOAC test, as well as equivalent spore loading and spore wash-off. Electron microscopy showed that both materials present the same braided microstructure, providing an equivalent physical challenge to the test sterilant. Dacron was more consistent than silk, and did not require extraction prior to spore loading. The extraction method for black waxed silk was variable and incomplete, which may compromise the activity of oxidizing sterilants and add to method variability. Silk was also structurally altered in the presence of oxidizing sterilants and increased sterilant degradation. Dacron did not affect the sterilant and was inert in the presence of oxidizing agents. Dacron sutures are proposed as inert alternatives to silk for evaluating the sporicidal efficacy of oxidizing agents.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Journal articles on the topic 'Inert material'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles