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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Inertial Navigation System'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 31 May 2022

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1

Štefanisko, Ivan. "Integration of inertial navigation with global navigation satellite system." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-221167.

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This paper deals with study of inertial navigation, global navigation satellite system, and their fusion into the one navigation solution. The first part of the work is to calculate the trajectory from accelerometers and gyroscopes measurements. Navigation equations calculate rotation with quaternions and remove gravity sensed by accelerometers. The equation’s output is in earth centred fixed navigation frame. Then, inertial navigation errors are discussed and focused to the bias correction. Theory about INS/GNSS inte- gration compares different integration architecture. The Kalman filter is used to obtain navigation solution for attitude, velocity and position with advantages of both systems.

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2

Krys, Dennis. "Inertial navigation system assisted visual localization." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/33423.

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With recent advancements in Global Positioning Systems (GPS), localization systems are now typically equipped with a GPS. However, in a large variety of environments and real-world applications, GPS-based localization systems are not practical. This research tackles such a problem and illustrates the idea of fusing a camera and an inertial navigation system (INS) to create a dead reckoning localization system. The original purpose of the localization system is for a pipe inspection robot, but the proposed concepts can be readily applied to any environment where there is a wall in close proximity. The proposed sensor system can determine motions with up to six degrees of freedom using a camera and an INS. The system must assume a geometry for the wall, such as a at surface, a wall in a hallway, or the round surface of the inside of a pipe. If the geometry of the wall is unknown then another sensor, such as a laser range nder, can be added to measure the range and estimate the overall shape of the wall. The localization system uses a combination of optical ow and image registration to obtain information about six degrees of freedom from a wall with little to no features. The INS provides an estimated motion for the camera system. The estimation of the motion is used by the optical ow algorithm to reduce the computational load signi cantly and by the image registration to decrease the likelihood of the algorithm diverging. The system is validated using numerical simulation and experiments. The experiments were conducted on a test platform constructed speci cally in this research project to simulate the motion of a free-swimming robot inside a pipe. The simulator uses accurate ii position sensors to measure the exact location of the proposed localization system and compare it with the results obtained from the latter. Both the numerical simulation results and the results from the simulator are in agreement with reading of the localization system developed in this research.

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3

Maziol, Timotheé. "Fusion of imaging and inertial navigation system for navigation." Thesis, KTH, Optimeringslära och systemteori, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-234685.

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This report presents the work conducted at Safran Electronics & Defense in the context of my master thesis-internship. Vision-hybridisation with inertial systems has great potential in navigation systems. This master thesis investigates this potential and evaluates it on real data of trajectories for one specific hybridisation: loosely-coupled via an Extended Kalman Filter. The vision hybridisation is developed in order to limit the drift of position of the state-of-the-art GPS-hybridisation when the GPS is not available. This thesis presents hybridisation tests on different trajectories that were either simulated from scratch or reconstructed from real vehicle route (stimulation). Using real data for research work brings technical challenges. Some are presented, as well as the proposed solutions to tackle them.
Denna rapport presenterar det arbete som utförs på Safran Electronics & Defense I samband med mitt masterprojekt-praktik. Visionshybridisering med tröghetssystem har stor potential I navigationssystem. Detta examensarbete undersöker denna potential och utvärderar den på reella uppgifter om banor för en specifik hybridisering: Löst kopplat via ett ”Extended Kalman Filter”. Visionshybridiseringen utvecklas för att begränsa driften av positionen för den senaste GPS-hybridiseringen när GPS inte är tillgänglig. Avhandlingen presenterar hybridiseringstester på olika banor som antingen simulerades från början eller rekonstruerades från reell fordonsledning (stimulering). Att använda verkliga data för forskningsarbete innebär tekniska utmaningar. Vissa presenteras, liksom de föreslagna lösningarna för att hantera dem.

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4

Ruiz, Mario. "Optimization of a strapdown inertial navigation system." To access this resource online via ProQuest Dissertations and Theses @ UTEP, 2009. http://0-proquest.umi.com.lib.utep.edu/login?COPT=REJTPTU0YmImSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=2515.

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5

Korka, David A. (David Andrew) 1976. "Kalman filtering for aided inertial navigation system." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/9380.

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Thesis (S.B. and M.Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1999.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 65).
This thesis develops a Kalman filter which integrates the inertial navigation system of the Vorticity Control Unmanned Undersea Vehicle (VCUUV) with redundant navigation sensor measurements. The model for the Kalman filter uses redundant measurements in a feedback loop to better estimate navigation variables. Using outputs from the Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) and from a depth sensor, a velocity sensor and a magnetometer, a Kalman filter is developed. Actual test runs on the VCUUV prove the new system superior to the previously used open-loop navigation system.
by David A. Korka.
S.B.and M.Eng.

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6

Harris, William M. "Integrated Global Positioning System and inertial navigation system integrity monitor performance." Ohio : Ohio University, 2003. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1175091451.

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7

Guner, Dunya Rauf Levent. "Inertial Navigation Sytem Improvement Using Ground Station Data." Phd thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12615036/index.pdf.

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Missile navigation systems rely on hybrid INS/GPS systems to employ lower grade inertial sensors for the sake of cost and availability. Current inertial navigation systems on missiles can perform accurately for a limited time without GPS aiding. However, GPS is the most likely system that is going to be jammed in a crisis or war by low cost jammers by any opposing force. Missiles do not have adequate equipment to maintain accuracy when GPS is jammed completely in the battle area. In this thesis, a new method is proposed to improve performance of INS systems onboard missiles and autonomous aerial vehicles with EO sensors in a GPS denied environment. Previously laid ground based beacons are used by the missile EO/IIR seeker for bearing-only measurements and position updates are performed by the use of modified artillery survey algorithms based on triangulation techniques which involve angle measurements. For mission planning, two main problems are identified as deployment problem and path planning problem and a tool for the optimal laying of beacons for a given desired trajectory and optimal path planning for a given network of beacons is developed by using evolutionary algorithms and results for test scenarios are discussed.

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8

Mohamadabadi, Kaveh. "Anisotropic Magnetoresistance Magnetometer for inertial navigation systems." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00946970.

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This work addresses the relevant errors of the anisotropic magnetoresistance sensor for inertial navigation systems. The manuscript provides resulting guidelines and solution for using the AMR sensors in a robust and appropriate way relative to the applications. New methods also are proposed to improve the performance and, reduce the power requirements and cost design of the magnetometer. The new compensation method is proposed by developing an optimization algorithm. The necessity of the sensor calibration is shown and the source of the errors and compensating model are investigated. Two novel methods of indoor calibration are proposed and examples of operating systems are presented.

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9

Walchko, Kevin J. "Low cost inertial navigation learning to integrate noise and find your way /." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2002. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE1001193.

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10

Kiran, Sai. "An inertial measurement unit interface and processing system synchronized to global positioning system time." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 1998. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1176489175.

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11

Li, Wei. "On the study of mixed signal interface circuit for inertial navigation system." Thesis, University of Macau, 2017. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b3691765.

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12

Ramaswamy, Sridhar. "An investigation of integrarted Global Positioning System and inertial navigation system fault detection." Ohio : Ohio University, 2000. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1172777336.

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13

Newlin, Michael Linton Hung John Y. Bevly David M. "Design and development of a GPS intermediate frequency and IMU data acquisition system for advanced integrated architectures." Auburn, Ala., 2006. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2006%20Fall/Theses/NEWLIN_MICHAEL_7.pdf.

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14

Steiner, Theodore J. III (Theodore Joseph). "A unified vision and inertial navigation system for planetary hoppers." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/85812.

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Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2012.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 139-146).
In recent years, considerable attention has been paid to hopping as a novel mode of planetary exploration. Hopping vehicles provide advantages over traditional surface exploration vehicles, such as wheeled rovers, by enabling in-situ measurements in otherwise inaccessible terrain. However, significant development over previously demonstrated vehicle navigation technologies is required to overcome the inherent challenges involved in navigating a hopping vehicle, especially in adverse terrain. While hoppers are in many ways similar to traditional landers and surface explorers, they incorporate additional, unique motions that must be accounted for beyond those of conventional planetary landing and surface navigation systems. This thesis describes a unified vision and inertial navigation system for propulsive planetary hoppers and provides demonstration of this technology. An architecture for a navigation system specific to the motions and mission profiles of hoppers is presented, incorporating unified inertial and terrain-relative navigation solutions. A modular sensor testbed, including a stereo vision package and inertial measurement unit, was developed to act as a proof-of-concept for this navigation system architecture. The system is shown to be capable of real-time output of an accurate navigation state estimate for motions and trajectories similar to those of planetary hoppers.
by Theodore J. Steiner, III.
S.M.

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15

Ramaswamy, Sridhar. "An investigation of integrated global positioning system and inertial navigation system fault detection." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2000. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1172777336.

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16

Calusdian, James. "A personal navigation system based on inertial and magnetic field measurements." Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/10557.

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This work describes the development and testing of a personal navigation system (PNS) for use during normal walking on level ground surfaces. A shoe-worn miniature inertial/magnetic measurement unit (IMMU), which is comprised of accelerometers, magnetometers, and angular rate sensors, provides the measurement data for the PNS algorithm. The well-known strapdown navigation algorithm is adapted for use in the PNS, which further incorporates the error correction technique commonly referred to as zero-velocity updates. A gait-phase detection algorithm estimates instances of foot stance and swing and establishes the appropriate times to apply the velocity error correction technique within the PNS algorithm. A main contribution of the work described herein pertains to the design and analysis of a quaternion-based complementary filter for estimation of three-dimensional attitude of the IMMU. This complementary filter algorithm builds on an earlier threedimensional attitude estimator known as the Factored Quaternion Algorithm (FQA). The complementary filter is further tailored for the PNS application through the use of an adaptive gain switching strategy based on knowledge of the gait phase. A novel and incidental effort described here pertains to the design and implementation of a locomotion interface for a virtual environment using the shoe-worn IMMU. In this application, one IMMU is worn on each foot. A set of foot gestures was conceived and a custom software program was developed to decode the user's foot motions. This unique interface gives the user freedom to navigate through a virtual environment in any direction he/she chooses for those applications utilizing large-screen displays.

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17

Abdul, Sattar H. L. "An adaptive U-D factorized Kalman filter for strap down inertial navigation system." Thesis, Cranfield University, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.237549.

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18

Li, Xiaopeng. "Moving base INS/GPS vector gravimetry on a land vehicle." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1195677222.

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19

Tetewsky, Avram Ross Jeff Soltz Arnold Vaughn Norman Anszperger Jan O'Brien Chris Graham Dave Craig Doug Lozow Jeff. "Making sense of inter-signal corrections : accounting for GPS satellite calibration parameters in legacy and modernized ionosphere correction algorithms /." [Eugene, Ore. : Gibbons Media & Research], 2009. http://www.insidegnss.com/auto/julyaug09-tetewsky-final.pdf.

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"Author biographies are available in the expanded on-line version of this article [http://www.insidegnss.com/auto/julyaug09-tetewsky-final.pdf]"
"July/August 2009." Web site title: Making Sense of GPS Inter-Signal Corrections : Satellite Calibration Parameters in Legacy and Modernized Ionosphere Correction Algorithms.

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20

Mathur, Navin G. "Feasibility of using a low-cost inertial measurement unit with centimeter accuracy differential global positioning system." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 1999. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1181173720.

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21

Soloviev, Andrey. "Investigation into performance enhancement of integrated global positioning/inertial navigation systems by frequency domain implementation of inertial computational procedures." Ohio : Ohio University, 2002. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1178652218.

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22

Marti, Lukas Michael. "Integration of local area augumentation system and inertial navigation system for aircraft surface movement guidance." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2000. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1172603243.

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23

Venable, Donald T. "Implementation of a 3D Imaging Sensor Aided Inertial Measurement Unit Navigation System." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1218764810.

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24

Marti, Lukas Michael. "Integration of local area augmentation system and inertial navigation system for aircraft surface movement guidance." Ohio : Ohio University, 2000. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1172603243.

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25

Clark, Benjamin J. Bevly David M. "GPS/INS operation in shadowed environments." Auburn, Ala, 2008. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/EtdRoot/2008/SUMMER/Mechanical_Engineering/Thesis/Clark_Benjamin_45.pdf.

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26

Vonheeder, Steven R. "Analysis and tuning of a low cost inertial navigation system in the ARIES AUV." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/2418.

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Autonomous underwater vehicle navigation is a complex problem of state estimation. Accurate navigation is made difficult due to a lack of reference navigation aids or use of the Global Positioning System (GPS) that could establish the vehicles position. Accurate navigation is critical due to the level of autonomy and range of missions and environments into which an underwater vehicle may be deployed. Navigational accuracy depends not only on the initialization and drift errors of the low cost Inertial Motion Unit (IMU) gyros and the speed over ground sensor, but also on the performance of the sensor fusion filter used. This thesis will present the method by which an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) was tuned after installation of an IMU in the ARIES Autonomous Underwater Vehicle. The goal of installing the IMU, analyzing the navigational results and tuning the EKF was to achieve navigational accuracy in the horizontal plane with a position error of less than one percent of distance traveled when compared to GPS. The research consisted of IMU installation and software modifications within the vehicle to fully realize the design goal. Data collection and analysis was conducted through field experiments and computer simulation. A significant result of this work was development of a pseudo-adaptive algorithm to vary the measurement noise values in selected channels to for a desired response in the filter and improve accuracy and precision in the state estimates.

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27

Hartana, Pande. "Comparison of linearized and extended Kalman filter in GPS-aided inertial navigation system." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0015/MQ57729.pdf.

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28

Hartana, Pande (Pande Putu Gde) Carleton University Dissertation Engineering Mechanical and Aerospace. "Comparison of linearized and extended Kalman filter in GPS aided inertial navigation system." Ottawa, 2000.

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29

Clanton, Joshua M. Bevly David M. Hodel A. Scottedward. "GPS and inertial sensor enhancements for vision-based highway lane tracking." Auburn, Ala., 2006. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2006%20Summer/Theses/CLANTON_JOSHUA_8.pdf.

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30

Berz, Gerhard E. "Integration of differential global positioning system and an inertial navigation system for aircraft surface movement guidance." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 1998. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1176841429.

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31

Spaenlehauer, Ariane. "Decentralized monocular-inertial multi-UAV SLAM system." Thesis, Compiègne, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019COMP2494.

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Dans cette thèse, nous proposons un algorithme pour la localisation d’une flotte de UAVs autonomes dans le cadre de l’architecture des Systèmes-de-Systèmes. En particulier, notre objectif est que les UAVs autonomes puissent se localiser et générer une carte d’un environnement inconnu en utilisant le moins possible de capteurs embarqués sur chaque UAV : une caméra monoculaire dirigée vers l’avant et une centrale inertielle. Cette problématique est cruciale pour des applications telles que l’exploration de zones inconnues ou de missions de sauvetage et de reconnaissance. Les choix de conception algorithmique sont motivés par une étude de l’état de l’art dans les domaines des systèmes multi-robots réalisant de la localisation, de la cartographie, de la navigation et/ou de l’exploration, ainsi que des approches de SLAM visuel, monoculaire, temps réel et monoculaire-inertiel. Le traitement des mesures en vision monoculaire, par nature, n’est pas capable d’estimer des distances métriques à cause de la perte d’information sur la profondeur lors de la projection de l’environnement sur le plan image. Bien que cela ne représente pas un problème majeur pour la plupart des systèmes simple-robot, l’obtention de distances métriques est nécessaire pour permettre la collaboration inter-robots. De plus, lorsque les problématiques de contrôle, de navigation et d’exploration sont ajoutées au problème initial, les distances métriques deviennent d’autant plus importantes. Dans cette thèse, nous proposons une nouvelle approche pour estimer des distances métriques pour un système mobile embarquant seulement une caméra monoculaire et une centrale inertielle via une fusion lâche des mesures.Ce travail de recherche explore également la conception d’un système de localisation pour une flotte de UAVs soumise à des hypothèses minimales : pas de connaissance a priori sur les poses initiales et terminales, pas de connaissance sur l’environnement et pas de mesures absolues ou extérieures aux robots. De plus, notre système est capable de gérer des trajectoires agressives, des changements de vitesse et de cap abrupts ainsi que des mesures bruitées telles que des images floues. Dans les systèmes multi-robots, la gestion des repères est critique et nécessite une attention particulière. La plupart des travaux simplifie ce problème dans un premier temps, en représentant l’ensemble des repères par rapport à un repère « monde » arbitraire. Toutefois, ce genre d’hypothèse nécessite soit des mesures de capteurs que nous n’utilisons pas dans notre système car externes aux robots, soit une connaissance a priori sur l’environnement ou les conditions expérimentales que nous n’avons pas. Dans notre système, chaque robot évolue dans son propre repère, l’ensemble des relations entre les repères nécessaires à la collaboration inter-robots est estimé par notre algorithme. De ce fait, nous pouvons nous abstraire de système de positionnement absolu tel que le GPS. Dans ce but, nous proposons une généralisation du concept de fermeture de boucle bien connu dans le SLAM traditionnel (simple-robot) aux systèmes de SLAM multi-robots. Dans le cadre de cette généralisation, nous mettons en exergue les nouveaux phénomènes induits et leurs conséquences. Cela est démontré expérimentalement, et mis en correspondance avec un système simple-robot. De plus, nous présentons les résultats expérimentaux obtenus dans la recherche de l’amélioration de la localisation en intégrant les nouvelles contraintes de fermeture de boucle
In this thesis, we provide a scheme for localization of a fleet of autonomous UAVs (unmanned autonomous vehicles) within a Technological System-of-Systems architecture. Specifically, we aim for a fleet of autonomous UAVs to localize themselves and to obtain a map of an unknown environment using a minimal set of sensors on each UAV: A front monocular camera and an Inertial Measurement Unit. This is a critically important problem for applications such as exploration of unknown areas, or search and rescue missions. The choices for designing such a system are supported by an extensive study of the scientific literature on two broad fronts: First, about the multi-robot systems performing localization, mapping, navigation and exploration, and second, about the monocular, real-time and inertial-monocular SLAM (Simultaneous Localization and Mapping) algorithms. Processing monocular camera frames suffers the drawback of lacking the capability of providing metric estimates as the depth dimension is lost when the frames are photographed by the camera. Although, it is usually not a critical problem for single-robot systems, having accurate metric estimates is required for multi-robot systems. This requirement becomes critical if the system is designed for control, navigation and exploration purposes. In this thesis, we provide a novel approach to make the outputs of monocular SLAM algorithms metric through a loosely-coupled fusion scheme by using the inertial measurements. This work also explores a design for a fleet of UAVs to localize each robot with minimal requirements: No a priori knowledge about the environment, information about neither the position nor the moment in time the UAV takes off and land is required. Moreover, the system presented in the thesis handles aggressive UAV trajectories having dramatic changes in speed and altitude. In multi-robot systems, the question of the coordinate frames require more attention than in single robot systems. In many studies, the coordinate frame problem is simplified to the representation of the fleet and the expression of the measurements in a global coordinate frame. However, this kind of hypothesis implies either the use of additional sensors to be able to measure the transformations to the global coordinate frame or additional experimental constraints, for example about the starting position of the robots. Our system does not require absolute measurements like GNSS positioning or knowledge about the coordinate frame of each UAV. As each UAV of the fleet estimates its location and produces a map in its own coordinate frame, relations between those coordinate frames are found by our scheme. For that purpose, we extend the well known concept of loop-closures in single-robot SLAM approaches, to multi-robot systems. In this research work, we also provide an overview of the new effects due to the extended definition of loop-closures we provide in comparison with the loop-closures scheme that can be found in single robot SLAM algorithms. In addition to the coordinate frame problem, we provide experimental results about the possibilities for improving the location estimate of a fleet by considering the places visited by several UAVs. By searching for similar places using each UAV imagery, using the 2-D information encapsulated in the images of the same sceneryfrom different view points, and the 3-D map locally estimated by each UAV, we add new constraints to the SLAM problem that is the main scheme that can be used to improve the UAV location estimates. We included experiments to assess the accuracy of the inter-UAV location estimation. The system was tested using datasets with measurements recorded on board UAVs in similar conditions as the ones we target

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32

Wright, James. "Use of ground based signals of opportunity for smart projectile navigation." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/33885.

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GPS is a widely accepted means of navigation, whether it is for civilian or military means. With the implementation of GPS on smart projectiles, these weapons have been able to achieve remarkable accuracy. Even though the improvements in accuracy are impressive, GPS signals are susceptible to jamming and spoofing by a sufficiently motivated enemy. The work reported here examines the viability of constructing a navigation solution using ground based signals of opportunity that provide range and range rate information. Using a generalized sensor model encompassing the key error terms, a variety of physical devices are included in the analysis. For a typical indirect fire trajectory, navigation solutions are computed as a function of the number and density of signal sources, terrain type, and sensor errors. Systematic studies were performed using these parameters in order to better understand the merits and demerits of this type of system to create a useful navigation solution. Based on these studies, results indicate that navigation solutions can be computed with the same accuracy as current GPS systems with a moderate number of signal sources. Generally, more accurate solutions are obtained when the projectile is directly over the signal sources and there is variation of signal source location in all three axes.

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33

Bergendorff, Markus. "Simuleringsmodell av tröghetsnavigator." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för tillämpad fysik och elektronik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-185046.

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När tiden för utveckling av nya produkter kortas ner måste testning och verifiering utföras i ett tidigare utvecklingsstadie. Genom simulering av systemet kan tester utföras utan tillgång till det faktiska systemet och därmed kan utvecklingsprocessen accelereras. I BAE Systems Hägglunds stridsvagnar används en tröghetsnavigator som kan beräkna stridsvagnens position utan externa referenser. Test och verifiering av navigation med denna enhet i testbänk är ej fullt möjligt. Syftet med detta arbete är att kunna genomföra verklighetstrogna tester, i testbänk i utvecklingsfasen, genom att simulera navigatorns funktioner. Eftersom kommunikation med fordonssystemet ska ske i realtid samtidigt som navigationsdata läses från ett externt program, så ställs krav på att modellen har tillräcklig prestanda för att ge en verklighetstrogen simulering. Den övergripande frågeställningen i detta examensarbete är om en modell realiserad på en mikrokontroller (MCU) har tillräcklig prestanda för att användas vid simulering av en tröghetsnavigator. För att besvara frågeställningen har hårdvara för anpassning av gränssnittet mellan fordonssystem, MCU och externt program samt mjukvara för att simulera en tröghetsnavigator skapats. Därefter har modellen verifierats genom att mäta tiden för utvalda processer. Alla funktioner hos navigatorn har inte implementerats i simuleringsmodellen men resultaten visar att modellen kan användas för verklighetstrogna tester i testbänk.
When time for development of new products is shortened, testing and verification must be performed at an earlier stage of development. By simulating the system, tests can be performed without access to the actual system and thus the development process can be accelerated. BAE Systems Hägglunds manufacture combat vehicles and use an Inertial Navigation System (INS) to calculate the combat vehicle’s position without external references. Testing and verification of navigation with this unit in the test bench is not entirely possible. The aim of this thesis is to enable realistic tests, in a test bench in the development phase, by simulating the navigator’s functions. Since communication with the Vehicle Control System (VCS) must take place in real time at the same time as navigation data must be read from external program, the model is required to have sufficient performance to provide a realistic simulation. The overall question in this thesis is whether a model realized on a microcontroller (MCU) has sufficient performance to be used for simulation of an INS. To answer the question at issue, hardware for adapting the interface between the VCS, MCU and external program as well as software for simulating an INS have been created. Thereafter, the model has been verified by measuring the time for selected processes. Not all functions of the navigator have been implemented in the simulation model, but the results show that the model can be used for realistic tests in the test bench.

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34

Putnam, Rex G. Jr, and Roberto Cristi. "A conceptual design of an inertial navigation system for an autonomous submersible testbed vehicle." Thesis, Monterey, California: U.S. Naval Postgraduate School, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/22695.

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35

Günterberg, Herbert. "Case study of rapid software prototyping and automated software generation: an Inertial Navigation System." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/26909.

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36

Barrett, Justin Michael. "Analyzing and Modeling Low-Cost MEMS IMUs for use in an Inertial Navigation System." Digital WPI, 2014. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-theses/581.

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Inertial navigation is a relative navigation technique commonly used by autonomous vehicles to determine their linear velocity, position and orientation in three-dimensional space. The basic premise of inertial navigation is that measurements of acceleration and angular velocity from an inertial measurement unit (IMU) are integrated over time to produce estimates of linear velocity, position and orientation. However, this process is a particularly involved one. The raw inertial data must first be properly analyzed and modeled in order to ensure that any inertial navigation system (INS) that uses the inertial data will produce accurate results. This thesis describes the process of analyzing and modeling raw IMU data, as well as how to use the results of that analysis to design an INS. Two separate INS units are designed using two different micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) IMUs. To test the effectiveness of each INS, each IMU is rigidly mounted to an unmanned ground vehicle (UGV) and the vehicle is driven through a known test course. The linear velocity, position and orientation estimates produced by each INS are then compared to the true linear velocity, position and orientation of the UGV over time. Final results from these experiments include quantifications of how well each INS was able to estimate the true linear velocity, position and orientation of the UGV in several different navigation scenarios as well as a direct comparison of the performances of the two separate INS units.

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37

Hirning, James L. "Optimal Kalman Filter Integration of a Global Positioning System Receiver and an LN-94 Inertial Navigation System." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/37563.

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This research develops and attempts to implement a Kalman filter integration of a Phase III Global Positioning System (GPS) five-channel receiver and an LN-94 Inertial Navigation System (INS). The GPS provides highly accurate position and velocity information in low dynamic environments. An INS provides position and velocity information with lower accuracy over long periods of time, but it is highly responsive in dynamic maneuvers or at high frequencies. The INS has the added advantage of requiring no signals external to the vehicle to function. The integration of these two systems provide more precise information under a wider variety of situations. A truth model for the INS is verified. A GPS error model is developed and combined with the INS model to provide GPS- aided INS navigation. This model is used to predict baseline performance of all full-ordered filter. Attempts are made to utilize the filter with empirical data. The data is analyzed, and suggestions are made about ways to account for the errors in evidence. Results to date are presented and analyzed. Keywords: Global positioning system, Inertial navigation system, GPS/INS Integration, GPS- aided-INS, Theses.

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38

Ashraf, Shahrukh. "Development of a Low-Cost Solution for the Navigation of UAVs in GPS-DeniedEnvironment." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1470181376.

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39

Henderson, Harold Paulk Bevly David M. "Relative positioning of unmanned ground vehicles using ultrasonic sensors." Auburn, Ala, 2008. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/EtdRoot/2008/SPRING/Mechanical_Engineering/Thesis/Henderson_Harold_55.pdf.

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40

Akcay, Emre Mustafa. "Land Vehicle Navigation With Gps/ins Sensor Fusion Using Kalman Filter." Master's thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12610327/index.pdf.

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Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) and Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers are sensors that are widely used for land vehicle navigation. GPS receivers provide position and/or velocity data to any user on the Earth&rsquo
s surface independent of his position. Yet, there are some conditions that the receiver encounters difficulties, such as weather conditions and some blockage problems due to buildings, trees etc. Due to these difficulties, GPS receivers&rsquo
errors increase. On the other hand, IMU works with respect to Newton&rsquo
s laws. Thus, in stark contrast with other navigation sensors (i.e. radar, ultrasonic sensors etc.), it is not corrupted by external signals. Owing to this feature, IMU is used in almost all navigation applications. However, it has some disadvantages such as possible alignment errors, computational errors and instrumentation errors (e.g., bias, scale factor, random noise, nonlinearity etc.). Therefore, a fusion or integration of GPS and IMU provides a more accurate navigation data compared to only GPS or only IMU navigation data. v In this thesis, loosely coupled GPS/IMU integration systems are implemented using feed forward and feedback configurations. The mechanization equations, which convert the IMU navigation data (i.e. acceleration and angular velocity components) with respect to an inertial reference frame to position, velocity and orientation data with respect to any desired frame, are derived for the geographical frame. In other words, the mechanization equations convert the IMU data to the Inertial Navigation System (INS) data. Concerning this conversion, error model of INS is developed using the perturbation of the mechanization equations and adding the IMU&rsquo
s sensor&rsquo
s error model to the perturbed mechanization equation. Based on this error model, a Kalman filter is constructed. Finally, current navigation data is calculated using IMU data with the help of the mechanization equations. GPS receiver supplies external measurement data to Kalman filter. Kalman filter estimates the error of INS using the error mathematical model and current navigation data is updated using Kalman filter error estimates. Within the scope of this study, some real experimental tests are carried out using the software developed as a part of this study. The test results verify that feedback GPS/INS integration is more accurate and reliable than feed forward GPS/INS. In addition, some tests are carried out to observe the results when the GPS receiver&rsquo
s data lost. In these tests also, the feedback GPS/INS integration is observed to have better performance than the feed forward GPS/INS integration.

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41

Kayasal, Ugur. "Modeling And Simulation Of A Navigation System With An Imu And A Magnetometer." Master's thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12608786/index.pdf.

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In this thesis, the integration of a MEMS based inertial measurement unit and a three axis solid state magnetometer are studied. It is a fact that unaided inertial navigation systems, especially low cost MEMS based navigation systems have a divergent behavior. Nowadays, many navigation systems use GPS aiding to improve the performance, but GPS may not be applicable in some cases. Also, GPS provides the position and velocity reference whereas the attitude information is extracted through estimation filters. An alternative reference source is a three axis magnetometer, which provides direct attitude measurements. In this study, error propagation equations of an inertial navigation system are derived
measurement equations of magnetometer for Kalman filtering are developed
the unique method to self align the MEMS navigation system is developed. In the motion estimation, the performance of the developed algorithms are compared using a GPS aided system and magnetometer aided system. Some experiments are conducted for self alignment algorithms.

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42

Byczkowski, Tomasz. "A stereo-based system with inertial navigation for three dimensional scanning of outdoor objects and architecture." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/28051.

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Three-dimensional scanning is a topic which, in recent years, has gained significant attention from several research fields, including industrial design, reverse engineering and prototyping (e.g., CAD), body imaging (e.g., fashion and health care), computer vision ( e.g., world mapping), entertainment (e.g., gaming, visual effects and animation), photo tourism, forensics and documentation of cultural artifacts. Currently, 3D scanning is an involved process that generally requires special hardware and procedures, and is therefore frequently limited to a laboratory environment. However, there is a world full of potential subjects to digitize, most of which cannot be relocated to a laboratory without considerable expense, or at all. In this thesis, we introduce a 3D scanning system suitable for scanning objects and architecture using a mobile stereoscopic camera combined with an inertial navigation sensor. The inertial navigation system acts as a coarse estimator for rapid registration and camera localization. Our scanning apparatus is assembled entirely using commercially available hardware, and the scanning process itself requires no technical skill and our system may be adapted to a wide variety of scanning conditions. We also introduce a set of heuristics for multi view data registration that aim to produce reliable and repeatable convergence despite the diversity of potential subjects, and different types of motions that may be executed by the operator during the scanning process. A surface reconstruction technique is used to generate a mesh, and subsequent texturing of the model is done through interpolation of the per vertex colour information extracted from the rectified colour images recorded by the camera. By texturing the surface of an object in a 3D application, the realism of the product is greatly increased. The results presented will show that our system is a viable solution for reproducing fully textured polygonal models with low surface deviation and realistic visual appearance.

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43

Ozturk, Alper. "Development, Implementation, And Testing Of A Tightly Coupled Integrated Ins/gps System." Master's thesis, METU, 2003. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/4/1093087/index.pdf.

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This thesis describes the theoretical and practical stages through development to testing of an integrated navigation system, specifically composed of an Inertial Navigation System (INS), and Global Positioning System (GPS). Integrated navigation systems combine the best features of independent systems to bring out increased performance, improved reliability and system integrity. In an integrated INS/GPS system, INS output is used to calculate current navigation states
GPS output is used to supply external measurements, and a Kalman filter is used to provide the most probable corrections to the state estimate using both data. Among various INS/GPS integration strategies, our aim is to construct a tightly coupled integrated INS/GPS system. For this purpose, mathematical models of INS and GPS systems are derived and they are linearized to form system dynamics and system measurement models respectively. A Kalman filter is designed and implemented depending upon these models. Besides these, based on the given aided navigation system representation a quantitative measure for observability is defined using Gramians. Finally, the performance of the developed system is evaluated with real data recorded by the sensors. A comparison with a reference system and also with a loosely coupled system is done to show the superiority of the tightly coupled structure. Scenarios simulating various GPS data outages proved that the tightly coupled system outperformed the loosely coupled system from the aspects of accuracy, reliability and level of observability.

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44

O-larnnithipong, Nonnarit. "Hand Motion Tracking System using Inertial Measurement Units and Infrared Cameras." FIU Digital Commons, 2018. https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3905.

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This dissertation presents a novel approach to develop a system for real-time tracking of the position and orientation of the human hand in three-dimensional space, using MEMS inertial measurement units (IMUs) and infrared cameras. This research focuses on the study and implementation of an algorithm to correct the gyroscope drift, which is a major problem in orientation tracking using commercial-grade IMUs. An algorithm to improve the orientation estimation is proposed. It consists of: 1.) Prediction of the bias offset error while the sensor is static, 2.) Estimation of a quaternion orientation from the unbiased angular velocity, 3.) Correction of the orientation quaternion utilizing the gravity vector and the magnetic North vector, and 4.) Adaptive quaternion interpolation, which determines the final quaternion estimate based upon the current conditions of the sensor. The results verified that the implementation of the orientation correction algorithm using the gravity vector and the magnetic North vector is able to reduce the amount of drift in orientation tracking and is compatible with position tracking using infrared cameras for real-time human hand motion tracking. Thirty human subjects participated in an experiment to validate the performance of the hand motion tracking system. The statistical analysis shows that the error of position tracking is, on average, 1.7 cm in the x-axis, 1.0 cm in the y-axis, and 3.5 cm in the z-axis. The Kruskal-Wallis tests show that the orientation correction algorithm using gravity vector and magnetic North vector can significantly reduce the errors in orientation tracking in comparison to fixed offset compensation. Statistical analyses show that the orientation correction algorithm using gravity vector and magnetic North vector and the on-board Kalman-based orientation filtering produced orientation errors that were not significantly different in the Euler angles, Phi, Theta and Psi, with the p-values of 0.632, 0.262 and 0.728, respectively. The proposed orientation correction algorithm represents a contribution to the emerging approaches to obtain reliable orientation estimates from MEMS IMUs. The development of a hand motion tracking system using IMUs and infrared cameras in this dissertation enables future improvements in natural human-computer interactions within a 3D virtual environment.

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45

Kataras, Dimitris Eleftherios. "Design and implementation of an inertial navigation system for real time flight of an unmanned air vehicle." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1995. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA296632.

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Thesis (M.S. in Electrical Engineering and M.S. in Aeronautical Engineering) Naval Postgraduate School, March 1995.
Thesis advisor(s): I. Kaminer, M.K. Shields. "March 1995." Includes bibliographical references. Also available online.

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46

Rickenbach, Mark Douglas. "Correction of inertial navigation system drift errors for an autonomous land vehicle using optical radar terrain data." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/22225.

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47

Koroglu, Muhammed Taha. "Multiple Hypothesis Testing Approach to Pedestrian Inertial Navigation with Non-recursive Bayesian Map-matching." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1577135195323298.

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48

Tabatabaei, Balaei Asghar Surveying &amp Spatial Information Systems Faculty of Engineering UNSW. "Detection, characterization and mitigation of interference in receivers for global navigation satellite systems." Publisher:University of New South Wales. Surveying & Spatial Information Systems, 2007. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/40545.

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GPS has become very popular in recent years. It is used in wide range of applications including aircraft navigation, search and rescue, space borne attitude and position determination and cellular network synchronization. Each application places demands on GPS for various levels of accuracy, integrity, system availability and continuity of service. Radio frequency interference (RFI) which results from many sources such as TV/FM harmonics, radar or mobile satellite systems, presents a challenge to the use of GPS. It can affect all the service performance indices mentioned above. To improve the accuracy of GPS positioning, a continuously operating reference station (CORS) network can be used. A CORS network provides all the enabled GPS users in an area with corrections to the fundamental measurements, producing more precise positioning. A threat to these networks is a threat to all high-accuracy GPS users. It is therefore necessary to monitor the quality of the received signal with the objective of promptly detecting the presence of RFI and providing a timely warning of the degradation of system accuracy, thereby boosting the integrity of GPS. This research was focused on four main tasks: a) Detection. The focus here is on a power spectral density fluctuation detection technique, in which statistical inference is used to detect narrowband continuous-wave (CW) interference in the GPS signal band after being captured by the RF front-end. An optimal detector algorithm is proposed. At this optimal point, for a fixed Detection Threshold (DT), probability of false alarm becomes minimal and for a fixed probability of false alarm, we can achieve the minimum value for the detection threshold. Experiments show that at this point we have the minimum computational load. This theoretical result is supported by real experiments. Finally this algorithm is employed to detect a real GPS interference signal generated by a TV transmitter in Sydney. b) Characterization. In the characterization section, using the GNSS signal structure and the baseband signal processing inside the GNSS receiver, a closed formula is derived for the received signal quality in terms of effective carrier to noise ratio ( ). This formula is tested and proved by calculating the C/No using the I and Q data from a software GPS receiver. For pulsed CW, a similar analysis is done to characterize the effect of parameters such as pulse repetition period (PRP) and also duty cycle on the received signal quality. Considering this characterization and the commonality between the GPS C/A code and Galileo signal as a basis to build up a common term for satellite availability, the probability of satellite availability in the presence of CW interference is defined and for the two currently available satellite navigation systems (GPS L1 signal and Galileo signal (GIOVE-A BOC(1, 1) in the E1/L1 band)) it is shown that they can be considered as alternatives to each other in the presence of different RFI frequencies as their availability in the presence of CW RFI is different in terms of RFI frequency. c) Mitigation. The last section of the research presents a new concept of ?Satellite Exclusion Zone?. In this technique, using our previously developed characterization techniques, and considering the fact that RFI has different effects on different satellite signals at different times depending on satellite Doppler frequency, the idea of excluding the most vulnerable satellite signal from positioning calculations is proposed. Using real data and real interference, the effectiveness of this technique is proven and its performance analyzed. d) Hardware implementation. The above detection technique is implemented using the UNSW FPGA receiver board called NAMURU.

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49

Marron, Monteserin Juan Jose. "Multi Sensor System for Pedestrian Tracking and Activity Recognition in Indoor Environments." Scholar Commons, 2014. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5068.

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The widespread use of mobile devices and the rise of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) have allowed mobile tracking applications to become very popular and valuable in outdoor environments. However, tracking pedestrians in indoor environments with Global Positioning System (GPS)-based schemes is still very challenging given the lack of enough signals to locate the user. Along with indoor tracking, the ability to recognize pedestrian behavior and activities can lead to considerable growth in location-based applications including pervasive healthcare, leisure and guide services (such as, museum, airports, stores, etc.), and emergency services, among the most important ones. This thesis presents a system for pedestrian tracking and activity recognition in indoor environments using exclusively common off-the-shelf sensors embedded in smartphones (accelerometer, gyroscope, magnetometer and barometer). The proposed system combines the knowledge found in biomechanical patterns of the human body while accomplishing basic activities, such as walking or climbing stairs up and down, along with identifiable signatures that certain indoor locations (such as turns or elevators) introduce on sensing data. The system was implemented and tested on Android-based mobile phones with a fixed phone position. The system provides accurate step detection and count with an error of 3% in flat floor motion traces and 3.33% in stairs. The detection of user changes of direction and altitude are performed with 98.88% and 96.66% accuracy, respectively. In addition, the activity recognition module has an accuracy of 95%. The combination of modules leads to a total tracking error of 90.81% in common human motion indoor displacements.

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50

Govoni, Federico. "Un sistema di localizzazione inerziale mediante uno smartphone." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/12940/.

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Questo elaborato è atto ad analizzare un'implementazione di un localizzatore inerziale per smartphone. Verranno mostrate nozioni sull'attuale stato dell'arte riguardo a sistemi di navigazione inerziale dando spazio anche a nozioni riguardanti i sensori più comuni presenti negli odierni smartphone. In seguito, è presente una descrizione della fase di progettazione ed implementazione di un sistema composto da un'applicazione Android e un server in Python in grado di implementare, mediante diversi algoritmi e con l'ausilio delle API di OpenStreetMap, un localizzatore inerziale. Per concludere verranno mostrati i test eseguiti e le considerazioni fatte su di essi.

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