Journal articles: 'Inerzia variabile'

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Martínez Aranda, Luis Manuel, and Rodrigo Fernández Gonzalo. "Comparación de dos dispositivos de medición de potencia y trabajo durante ejercicio de fuerza con tecnología inercial flywheel (Comparison of two power and work data acquisition systems during resistance exercise employing flywheel inertial technology)." Retos, no. 29 (December 18, 2015): 144–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.47197/retos.v0i29.41308.

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El objetivo del presente estudio fue comparar los valores de potencia y trabajo obtenidos en tiempo real mediante los sistemas BlueBrainTM y SmartCoachTM, durante ejercicio de fuerza en una prensa de piernas equipada con tecnología inercial flywheel, usando diferentes inercias (cargas). Se realizaron ocho series de siete repeticiones a intensidades variable y máxima, con dos minutos de descanso entre series, para cada inercia utilizada en el protocolo: 0.0125; 0.025; 0.0375; 0.05; 0.0625 y 0.075 kg*m², midiendo simultáneamente la potencia media concéntrica y el trabajo total (concéntrico-excéntrico) con ambos dispositivos. Los datos fueron analizados mediante un análisis de regresión lineal y un estudio de correlación. Se observó una correlación altamente significativa en los datos de potencia media entre ambos dispositivos en todas las inercias e intensidades evaluadas, tanto a nivel individual como global, (r=.968; Sig.(bilateral)=.000; R2=.937). De la misma forma, los datos de trabajo correlacionaron de forma muy significativa (r=.978; Sig.(bilateral)=.000; R2=.957). Las diferencias de registro entre ambos dispositivos oscilaron en un rango de 2.6-4.3 %. Dado el alto grado de significación en las correlaciones analizadas para potencia y trabajo, todo parece indicar que ambos dispositivos se muestran como instrumentos válidos y similares para estimar la potencia y el trabajo durante ejercicios de fuerza con tecnología inercial, siendo de gran ayuda para el seguimiento y control del entrenamiento usando esta tecnología.Abstract. The aim of this study was to compare real-time values of power and work obtained through BlueBrainTM and SmartCoachTM systems during flywheel leg press exercise using different inertias (loads). Eight sets of seven repetitions were performed at variable and maximum intensity for each inertia used (i.e. 0.0125; 0.025; 0.0375; 0.05; 0.0625 and 0.075 kg*m2), with 2 minutes recovery between sets. Average power during concentric actions and total work (concentric-eccentric) were measured simultaneously using both systems. Data were analysed using a linear regression analysis and correlation procedures. Strong significant correlations were observed in average power results between both data acquisition systems for all individual inertias and intensities evaluated, as well as for overall data (r=.968; Sig.(2-tailed)=.000; R2=.937). In addition, work values showed clear significant correlations (r=.978; Sig.(2-tailed)=.000; R2=.957). Differences between devices oscillated over a range of 2.6-4.3%. The strong correlations found in power and work values seem to indicate that both data acquisition systems are similar and valid to estimate power and work during resistance exercises employing flywheel inertial technology. Thus, both devices may represent a helpful tool to control and follow up training using flywheel technology.

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Kushwaha, Prabhakar, Sanjoy K. Ghoshal, and Kabir Dasgupta. "Dynamic analysis of a hydraulic motor drive with variable inertia flywheel." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part I: Journal of Systems and Control Engineering 234, no. 6 (September 25, 2019): 734–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959651819875914.

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A flywheel is presented in this article, which can adaptively generate variable inertia in response to the application requirements in a hydraulic drive. The said flywheel consists of four sliders in the guide track of a host flywheel frame which change its position as the rotational speed of the flywheel varies. The varying distance between the slider and the center of rotation leads to a variable inertial mass. This passive inertial mass has a potential to reduce the speed fluctuations of the drive. A comparative study has been made on the effects of the variable inertia flywheel on the hydraulic motor speed fluctuations with that of the fixed inertia flywheel. In this respect, a bond graph model of the hydraulic motor drive with the variable inertia flywheel and the fixed inertia flywheel is developed to analyze their performances. The variable inertia generated by the variable inertia flywheel reduces the hydraulic motor speed fluctuations in response to the changes in the excitation inputs. The tests were conducted to validate the model for step change in speed of the hydraulic motor. The test results of the hydraulic motor speed response are found in good agreement with the predicted response. The proposed design of the flywheel reduces the peak speed of the hydraulic motor that enhances the reliability and performance of the drive.

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Ibrahim, Ismail, Cathal O’Loughlin, and Terence O’Donnell. "Virtual Inertia Control of Variable Speed Heat Pumps for the Provision of Frequency Support." Energies 13, no. 8 (April 11, 2020): 1863. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13081863.

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The growth in the integration of converter interfaced renewable energy has reduced the system inertia, which threatens system stability due to high rate of change of frequency (RoCoF) and frequency nadir issues unless steps are taken to mitigate it. There is a need to provide sufficient fast frequency response to maintain adequate inertia in the system. This paper investigates the capabilities of a variable speed heat pump to provide an emulated inertial response. This paper presents a virtual synchronous machine control for a variable speed heat pump that provides support for grid frequency regulation over the inertial response time frame. A small-signal model with the transfer function of the variable speed heat pump is developed to analyse the effectiveness and feasibility of providing virtual inertia at the device and grid level, respectively. Furthermore, the small-signal model is validated using hardware in the loop simulation. Finally, the aggregated frequency response and virtual inertia contribution by a population of the heat pumps are evaluated and quantified in an urban distribution system.

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Mujcinagic, Alija, Mirza Kusljugic, and Emir Nukic. "Wind Inertial Response Based on the Center of Inertia Frequency of a Control Area." Energies 13, no. 23 (November 24, 2020): 6177. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13236177.

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As a result of the increased integration of power converter-connected variable speed wind generators (VSWG), which do not provide rotational inertia, concerns about the frequency stability of interconnected power systems permanently arise. If the inertia of a power system is insufficient, wind power plants’ participation in the inertial response should be required. A trendy solution for the frequency stability improvement in low inertia systems is based on utilizing so-called “synthetic” or “virtual” inertia from modern VSWG. This paper presents a control scheme for the virtual inertia response of wind power plants based on the center of inertia (COI) frequency of a control area. The PSS/E user written wind inertial controller based on COI frequency is developed using FORTRAN. The efficiency of the controller is tested and applied to the real interconnected power system of Southeast Europe. The performed simulations show certain conceptual advantages of the proposed controller in comparison to traditional schemes that use the local frequency to trigger the wind inertial response. The frequency response metrics, COI frequency calculation and graphical plots are obtained using Python.

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Li, Zhiyong, Rui Cui, Li Li, Yingli Hu, and Ruwan Ranasinghe. "Inertia Stages and Tourists' Behavior." International Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Management in the Digital Age 2, no. 1 (January 2018): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijthmda.2018010101.

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This article integrates the concept of inertia into a tourism context to understand how repeat visitors act and make revisit decisions. Moderating effect of zone of tolerance (ZOT), switching barriers (SWI) and external opportunity (OPP) on the sequential development of inertial behavior was analyzed through 518 tourists. Findings confirm that cognitive inertia (COGI) and affective inertia (AFFI) are significantly and positively related to conative inertia (CONI), while conative inertia also has a direct effect on determining action inertia (ACTI). The tests of moderating effects of zone of tolerance, switching barriers and external opportunity on the sequential development of inertial behavior show these variables have a significant moderating effect on the sequential development of inertia, except for the relation between switching barriers and affective inertia acting together, and conative inertia. These findings provide valuable insights that enable one to understand tourists' revisit behaviors. Theoretical and empirical implications are discussed, for the purpose of advancing tourism marketing discourse.

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Demeulenaere, B., and J. De Schutter. "Synthesis of Inertially Compensated Variable-Speed Cams." Journal of Mechanical Design 125, no. 3 (September 1, 2003): 593–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1582502.

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Traditionally, cam-follower systems are designed by assuming a constant camshaft speed. Nevertheless, all cam-follower systems, especially high-speed systems, exhibit some camshaft speed fluctuation (despite the presence of a flywheel) which causes the follower motions to be inaccurate. This paper therefore proposes a novel design procedure that explicitly takes into account the camshaft speed variation. The design procedure assumes that (i) the cam-follower system is conservative and (ii) all forces are inertial. The design procedure is based on a single design choice, i.e., the amount of camshaft speed variation, and yields (i) cams that compensate for the inertial dynamics for any period of motion and (ii) a camshaft flywheel whose (small) inertia is independent of the period of motion. A design example shows that the cams designed in this way offer the following advantages, even for non-conservative, non-purely inertial cam-follower systems: (i) more accurate camshaft motion despite a smaller flywheel, (ii) lower motor torques, (iii) more accurate follower motions, with fewer undesired harmonics, and (iv) a camshaft motion spectrum that is easily and robustly predictable.

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SITIONON, Gossouhon, Adama COULIBALY, and Jérome Kablan ADOU. "Numerical Study of Spurious Inertial Modes in Shallow Water Models for a Variable Bathymetry." Journal of Mathematics Research 11, no. 6 (November 13, 2019): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jmr.v11n6p58.

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In this study we perform a modal analysis of the linear inviscid shallow water equations using a non constant bathymetry, continuous and discontinuous Galerkin approximations. By extracting the discrete eigenvalues of the resulting algebraic linear system written on the form of a generalized eigenvalue / eigenvector problem we first show that the regular variation of the bathymetry does not prevent the presence of spurious inertial modes when centered finite element pairs are used. Secondly, we show that such spurious modes are not present in discontinuous Galerkin discretizations when all variables are approximated in the same descrete space. Such spurious inertial modes have been found very damageable for the quality of inertia-gravity and Rossby modes in ocean modelling.

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Ruffatto III, Donald, Chenghui Nie, and Matthew Spenko. "The VIV: A Mobile Ground Robot with Variable Inertial Properties." Journal of the Robotics Society of Japan 32, no. 4 (2014): 329–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.7210/jrsj.32.329.

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Gao, Kun, and Lijun Sun. "Incorporating Inertia in Mode Choice and Influential Factors of Car Stickiness: Implications for Shifts to Public Transit." PROMET - Traffic&Transportation 30, no. 3 (June 18, 2018): 293–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.7307/ptt.v30i3.2507.

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To explore efficient strategies of adjusting travel mode structure and support scientific implements of public transit system, this paper investigated travelers’ mode choice behavior in a multimodal network incorporating inertia in utility specifications. Comprehensive stated preference surveys considering four modes and four key decisive variables were designed, and face-to-face investigations were conducted to collect reliable data in Shanghai. The discrete choice technique considering mode-specific inertias was employed for modeling. The influencing factors of car stickiness were particularly explored. The results show that there are significant and mode-specific inertias in travelers’ choices of travel mode. The inertia of car users shifting to other modes is considerably large compared to inertias of public transit users. Travel time reliability and crowdedness in public transit are identified to be crucial factors influencing car users’ willingness to use public transit. Demographic attributes (age, income, education level and gender), spatial context features (commuting duration) and the regime of flexible work time are found to be significant influential variables of car stickiness. Moreover, direct and cross elasticity analyses were executed to show practical implications of shifting car users to public transit. The results provide serviceable support for transport planning and strategy making.

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Dong, Xiaomin, Jun Xi, Pinggen Chen, and Wenfeng Li. "Magneto-rheological variable inertia flywheel." Smart Materials and Structures 27, no. 11 (October 15, 2018): 115015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-665x/aad42b.

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Udalov, Sergey N., Andrey A. Achitaev, Alexander G. Pristup, Boris M. Bochenkov, Yuri Pankratz, and Richard D. Tarbill. "Increasing the regulating ability of a wind turbine in a local power system using magnetic continuous variable transmission." Wind Engineering 42, no. 5 (June 17, 2018): 411–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309524x18780404.

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The paper is devoted to investigations of dynamic processes in a local power system consisting of wind turbines with a magnetic continuously variable transmission. Due to low inertia of wind turbine generator rotors, there is a problem of ensuring dynamic stability at sharp load changes or at short circuits in an autonomous power system. To increase dynamic stability of the system, two algorithms for controlling a magnetic continuously variable transmission are presented. The first algorithm stabilizes a rotation speed of the high-speed rotor of a magnetic continuously variable transmission from the generator side in a local power system consisting of wind turbines with uniform synchronous generators with permanent magnets having equal moments of inertia. Undoubtedly, local power systems having only the wind turbines with equal mechanical inertia time constants are not widely used due to stochastic nature of wind energy. Therefore, wind power systems are combined with a diesel generator or a gas-turbine unit. Investigations show that the use of the only speed stabilization algorithm is not enough for such power systems, because there is a possibility for occurrence of asynchronous operation under specific power changes due to the difference in moments of inertia of generator rotors. Thus, the second algorithm uses the phase shift compensation in accordance with a primary generator in an autonomous power system consisting of non-uniform generators having different mechanical inertia time constants. As a primary generator, a diesel generator or a gas-turbine unit having a primary speed controller may be used. It should be noted that algorithms of stabilization for speed and phase angle are extended by an inertial circuit of aerodynamic compensation for torque of rotation from the wind turbine side to reduce loading on an energy storage unit of the magnetic continuously variable transmission at disturbances from the generator side and the turbine side.

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Alhrshy, Laurence. "Implementation of Variable Blade Inertia in OpenFAST to Integrate a Flywheel System in the Rotor of a Wind Turbine." Energies 14, no. 10 (May 12, 2021): 2783. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14102783.

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In this paper, the integration of the dynamic behavior of the flywheel system into the load simulation tool OpenFAST is presented. The flywheel system enables a wind turbine to vary the inertia of its rotor blades to control the power production and, most importantly, to affect the vibratory behavior of wind turbine components. Consequently, in order to simulate the behavior of a wind turbine with a flywheel system in its rotor, the variable blade characteristics need to be considered in the load simulation tool. Currently, computer-aided engineering tools for simulating the mechanical loads of wind turbines are not designed to simulate variable blade inertia. Hence, the goal of this paper is to explain how variable inertias of rotor blades are implanted in such load simulation tools as OpenFAST. OpenFAST is used because of it is free, publicly available, and well documentation. Moreover, OpenFAST is open source, which allows modifications in its source code. This add-on in the load simulation is applied to correct rotor mass imbalance. It can also be applied in many cases related to the change in the inertia of wind turbine rotor blades during its operation as, for example, atmospheric ice accretion on the blades, smart blades, etc.

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Zhang, Zicong, Junghun Lee, and Gilsoo Jang. "Improved Control Strategy of MMC–HVDC to Improve Frequency Support of AC System." Applied Sciences 10, no. 20 (October 18, 2020): 7282. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10207282.

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With the continuous development of power electronics technology, variable-speed offshore wind turbines that penetrated the grid system caused the problem of inertia reduction. This study investigates the frequency stability of synchronous, offshore wind-farm integration through a modular-multilevel-converter high-voltage direct-current (MMC–HVDC) transmission system. When full-scale converter wind turbines (type 4) penetrate the AC grid, the AC system debilitates, and it becomes difficult to maintain the AC system frequency stability. In this paper, we present an improved inertial-response-control method to solve this problem. The mathematical model of the synchronous generator is based on the swing equation and is theoretically derived by establishing a MMC–HVDC. Based on the above model, the inertia constant is analyzed using a model that integrates the MMC–HVDC and offshore synchronous generator. With the new improved control method, a more sensitive and accurate inertia index can be obtained using the formula related to the effective short-circuit ratio of the AC system. Moreover, it is advantageous to provide a more accurate inertial control evaluation for AC systems under various conditions. Furthermore, the impact of the MMC–HVDC on system safety is assessed based on the capacitor time constant. This simulation was implemented using the PSCAD/EMTDC platform.

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MATSUOKA, Taichi, Kazuhiko HIRAMOTO, Katsuaki SUNAKODA, and Naoto ABE. "Variable inertia damper using magnetorheological fluid." Proceedings of the Dynamics & Design Conference 2016 (2016): 234. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmedmc.2016.234.

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Wang, Zhiqiang, Haibao Nan, Tingna Shi, Qiang Geng, and Changliang Xia. "No-Tension Sensor Closed-Loop Control Method with Adaptive PI Parameters for Two-Motor Winding System." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2018 (2018): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/1851845.

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In a winding system, it is very important to control the tension precisely. Based on the process of rewinding and unwinding, a sensorless tension control method with PI parameters of adaptive speed controllers is proposed in this paper. According to the principle of torque balance, a tension observer is designed to replace the tension sensor, and the observed value instead of the measured value of tension is used as feedback. Then the measurement delay caused by tension sensor is reduced. For the time-variable inertia, Landau discrete-time recursive algorithm is used to estimate the inertias of the rewind and unwind motors. Moreover, the estimated inertias are used to adjust the PI parameters of the speed controllers. As the tension control system has the ability to adapt to the change of inertia, its dynamic performance is improved to some extent. In addition, the proposed sensorless tension control method is simple and easy to implement, which only uses the current and speed signals of the motors without any additional hardware needed. At last, the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method are verified by the experimental results.

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Levskii, M. V. "Dynamic Problem of Optimal Control of Spacecraft Attitude under Restriction on Phase Variables." Mekhatronika, Avtomatizatsiya, Upravlenie 22, no. 6 (June 5, 2021): 321–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.17587/mau.22.321-330.

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An analytical solution to the optimal control problem of spacecraft reorientation from an arbitrary initial angular position into a required final angular position under the restrictions on control functions and phase variables is presented (the controlling moment and angular velocity are restricted). Time of slew maneuver is minimized. The specific case was considered when maximum admissible kinetic energy of rotation is significant restriction. Constructing the optimal control of reorientation is based on Pontryagin’s maximum principle and the quaternionic variables and models. It is shown that optimal mode is piecewise-continuous control when a direction of spacecraft’s angular momentum is constant relative to the inertial coordinate system during rotation of a spacecraft; for a per forming an optimal turn, the moment of forces is parallel to a straight line fixed in inertial space. Two types of optimal control are possible depending on the given initial and final positions and spacecraft’s moments of inertia — relay control with one switching point when the controlling moment is maximal over the entire time interval of control (segments of acceleration and braking), and relay control with two switching point consisting of intensive acceleration, motion by inertia with the absented moment and an exit onto restriction of rotation energy, and then final braking with the maximum controlling moment. The analytical equations and relations for a finding the optimal control program are written down. The calculation formulas for determining the time characteristics of maneuver and computing a duration of acceleration and braking are given. The proposed algorithm of control provides maximally fast implementation of spacecraft reorientation under the limited kinetic energy of rotation. For an axially symmetric solid body (spacecraft), the optimal control problem, in dynamical statement, was solved completely — we obtained the dependences as explicit functions of time for the control variables, and relations for calculating the key parameters of the law of control are derived. The numerical example and results of mathematical simulation of spacecraft motion under the optimal control are presented, demonstrating the practical feasibility of the developed method for control of spacecraft attitude.

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Ke, Liang. "Synchronization Control of High-Order Inertial Hopfield Neural Network with Time Delay." Revue d'Intelligence Artificielle 34, no. 5 (November 20, 2020): 595–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ria.340509.

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This paper probes deep into the synchronization control of high-order inertial Hopfield neural network with time delay, considering both inertia term and high-order term. Specifically, a second-order differential system was transformed into a first-order differential system, through proper variable substitution. Then, the sufficient conditions for exponential synchronization of the response system were theorized, with the aid of the fundamental solution matrix of the differential equation. The theoretical conditions were verified through an example analysis. The research findings have great application potential in production, communication, and automation.

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Syed, Mazheruddin H., Efren Guillo-Sansano, Ali Mehrizi-Sani, and Graeme M. Burt. "Load Frequency Control in Variable Inertia Systems." IEEE Transactions on Power Systems 35, no. 6 (November 2020): 4904–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpwrs.2020.3014778.

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Ozawa, Satoru, and Hiroshi Furuya. "Feedback Linearization Technique in Variable Inertia Systems." TRANSACTIONS OF THE JAPAN SOCIETY FOR AERONAUTICAL AND SPACE SCIENCES 45, no. 147 (2002): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2322/tjsass.45.1.

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Sanh, Do, and Do Dang Khoa. "A new method for determining the reactions of mechanical constraints." Vietnam Journal of Mechanics 28, no. 1 (April 17, 2006): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/0866-7136/28/1/5477.

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In the present paper it is introduced the method for determining the reactions of mechanical constraints (holonomic and nonholonomic constraints).As is known, for studying dynamical characters of a mechanical system it is necessary to determine the constraint reactions acting on the system. Up to now, the reactions are calculated through Lagrange's multipliers. By such a way the reactions are determined only indirectly. In the [3, 4], two methods of determining directly the reactions are discussed. However, for applying these methods, it is necessary to compute the inverse matrix of the matrix of inertia. This thing in general is not convenient, specially when the matrix of inertial is of large size and dense.In the present paper it is represented the method for determining the constraint reactions, by which it is possible to avoid inertia the computation of the inverse matrix of the matrix of inertia is avoided. For this in the paper it is used the middle variables by which we obtain a closed set of algebraic equations for directly determining reactions.

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Verma, Mahendra, Manohar Sharma, Soumyadeep Chatterjee, and Shadab Alam. "Variable Energy Fluxes and Exact Relations in Magnetohydrodynamics Turbulence." Fluids 6, no. 6 (June 15, 2021): 225. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fluids6060225.

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In magnetohydrodynamics (MHD), there is a transfer of energy from the velocity field to the magnetic field in the inertial range itself. As a result, the inertial-range energy fluxes of velocity and magnetic fields exhibit significant variations. Still, these variable energy fluxes satisfy several exact relations due to conservation of energy. In this paper, using numerical simulations, we quantify the variable energy fluxes of MHD turbulence, as well as verify several exact relations. We also study the energy fluxes of Elsässer variables that are constant in the inertial range.

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PARAMONOV, Alexander M., and Lyubov V. MOSTOVENKO. "VARIABLE BOUNDARY CONDITIONS FOR SOLVING THE PROBLEM OF MOTION OF A DUSTY FLOW IN AN INERTIAL-VACUUM DUST COLLECTOR." Urban construction and architecture 9, no. 4 (December 15, 2019): 163–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.17673/vestnik.2019.04.23.

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The object of study in this article is presented in the form of an inertial-vacuum dust collector (IVDC). There are two types of IVDC: first generation and second generation. The first experiment was conducted in 2009, and the second in 2018. The plants consider similar principles of dust collection. The purpose of this article is to compare the results of a full-scale experiment conducted on a second-generation inertia-vacuum dust collector at the Omsk TPP-4 station and the data of a numerical experiment calculated in ANSYS CFX. After the initial calculations, adjustments were made to the boundary conditions. The data obtained in the course of a numerical experiment with specified boundary conditions are in good agreement with the full-scale experiment. Measurement schemes and graphical dependences of the degree of capture efficiency on the geometric characteristics of the ash collector are presented.

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Biscarini, Andrea, and Samuele Contemori. "Variable inertia training: Optimization of explosive-power exercises with robotic-resistance strength machines." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology 232, no. 2 (July 20, 2017): 140–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1754337117718086.

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Strength training machines with computer-adjustable resistance mechanisms can simulate external resistance of different kinds (i.e. gravitational, elastic, and viscous) and magnitude R, and different levels of inertial force (the product of the resistance mass m and its acceleration). Notably, the simulated levels of R and m can be freely adjusted, during movement, independently of each other. In this study, the authors have performed a numerical simulation of exercises for explosive power to analyze the kinematic and kinetic effects of resistances that combine different levels of R and m (i.e. different levels of external resistance and inertial force). A progressive increase in m gradually enhances the peak user’s force and reduces the peak acceleration at all resistances R, enhances and shifts later in time the peak power at low resistances, and reduces the mean power at high resistances. The mass m also induces a rate of force development at the beginning of movement in a time frame which becomes progressively longer with higher values of m. Complete lack of mass m would be needed in the final phase of the movement to attain an effective training stimulus for high-velocity strength. In light of this evidence, the authors have devised a new training modality for explosive power (the “Variable Inertia Training”) with strength machines that use a motor and an electronic management system to simulate mass m variations in response to the kinematic parameters (position, velocity, and acceleration) of movement. This training modality can be designed to closely reproduce the kinematic and kinetic patterns occurring during ballistic or explosive sport movements, such as those occurring during throwing, hitting, rowing, and pushing activities. In addition, it may potentially enable the integrated development of the main neuromuscular components (force, rate of force development, and high-velocity strength) that contribute to the expression of explosive power for sports performance.

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Temeljkovski, D., P. Popović, and V. Šolaja. "Screw Presses with a Flywheel Inertia Variable Moment." CIRP Annals - Manufacturing Technology 42, no. 1 (January 1993): 467–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0007-8506(07)62487-1.

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Lujun, Zhang. "Energy-recovering Workover Rig with Variable Inertia Flywheel." Energy Engineering 108, no. 1 (November 30, 2010): 55–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01998595.2010.10388605.

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Bonatsos, D. "Variable moment of inertia models in the NpNnscheme." Journal of Physics G: Nuclear Physics 14, no. 5 (May 1988): 569–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0305-4616/14/5/015.

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Mukherjee, S., S. Mukhopadhyay, and S. N. Sengupta. "Model Following Control of a Variable Inertia Positioner." International Journal of Robotics Research 12, no. 5 (October 1993): 497–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/027836499301200509.

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Piqueras-Sanchiz, Francisco, Rafael Sabido, Javier Raya-González, Marc Madruga-Parera, Daniel Romero-Rodríguez, Marco Beato, Moisés de Hoyo, Fabio Yuzo Nakamura, and Jose Luis Hernández-Davó. "Effects of Different Inertial Load Settings on Power Output Using a Flywheel Leg Curl Exercise and its Inter-Session Reliability." Journal of Human Kinetics 74, no. 1 (August 31, 2020): 215–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/hukin-2020-0029.

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Abstract This study aimed to analyze the influence of the inertial load on both concentric and eccentric power output production during the flywheel leg curl exercise, and to assess the reliability of power output variables. Sixteen participants (8 males, 8 females) attended 4 testing sessions. During testing, participants performed one set of eight repetitions using a specific inertial load (0.083, 0.132, 0.182, 0.266 and 0.350 kg·m2) with a flywheel leg curl exercise. Concentric (CON) power, eccentric (ECC) power and the ECC/CON ratio were analyzed. The reliability analysis between sessions was performed. A significant interaction of inertia load x gender was found in CON power (p < 0.001) and in ECC power (p = 0.004), but not in the ECC/CON ratio (p = 0.731). A significant with-in (inertia loads) effect was found in CON power (p < 0.001) and in ECC power (p < 0.001), but not in the ECC/CON ratio (p = 0.096). CON power showed very high reliability scores, ECC power showed high to very high reliability scores, while the ECC/CON ratio ranged from poor to moderate. A significant between gender effect was found in CON power (p < 0.001) and in ECC power (p < 0.001), but not in the ECC/CON ratio (p = 0.752). This study is the first to report that power output in the flywheel leg curl exercise is altered by the inertia load used, as well as power output is different according to gender. CON and ECC power output presents high to very high reliability scores, and the ECC/CON ratio should not be used instead. These results can have important practical implications for testing and training prescription in sports.

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Li, Wenfeng, Xiaomin Dong, Jianqiang Yu, Jun Xi, and Chengwang Pan. "Vibration control of vehicle suspension with magneto-rheological variable damping and inertia." Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 32, no. 13 (January 6, 2021): 1484–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1045389x20983885.

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To avoid the limitation of conventional vehicle magnetorheological (MR) suspension, a variable damping and inertia device is applied in the vehicle suspension with MR technology. A semi-active adaptive MR inerter (AMRI) is discussed. A quarter car suspension model with an AMRI installed in parallel with a double-ended MR damper (D-MRD) is considered. First, the vehicle suspension with variable damping and inertia is analyzed. The prototype of D-MRD and MR variable inertia flywheel (MRVIF) are fabricated and tested respectively. Then, the control model of D-MRD and MRVIF is developed on the basis of test data. An improved Fuzzy PID controller for the semi-active suspension with D-MRD and AMRI is formulated. Numerical simulation is investigated to validate the proposed variable damping and inertia device. The results demonstrate that the performance of the semi-active suspension with D-MRD and AMRI can achieve much better ride comfort than the semi-active suspension with only D-MRD or AMRI.

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El-Kabeir, S. M. M., M. A. El-Hakiem, and A. M. Rashad. "Natural Convection from a Permeable Sphere Embedded in a Variable Porosity Porous Medium Due to Thermal Dispersion." Nonlinear Analysis: Modelling and Control 12, no. 3 (July 25, 2007): 345–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/na.2007.12.3.14693.

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The laminar natural convection boundary-layer flow of an electricallyconducting fluid from a permeable sphere embedded in a porous medium with variable porosity is considered. The non-Darcy effects including convective, boundary, inertial and thermal dispersion effects are included in this analysis. The sphere surface is maintained at a constant heat flux and is permeable to allow for possible fluid wall suction or blowing. The resulting governing equations are nondimensionalized and transformed into a nonsimilar form and then solved numerically by using the secondlevel local non-similarity method that is used to convert the non-similar equations into a system of ordinary differential equations. Comparisons with previously published work are performed and excellent agreement is obtained. A parametric study of the physical parameters is conducted and a representative set of numerical results for the velocity and temperature profiles as well as the local skin-friction coefficient and the Nusselt number are illustrated graphically to show interesting features of Darcy number, inertia coefficient, the magnetic parameter, dimensionless coordinate, dispersion parameter, the Prantdl number and suction/blowing parameter.

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Climent-Serrano, Salvador. "Stress test based on Oliver Wyman in Bank of Spain: an evaluation." Banks and Bank Systems 11, no. 3 (October 12, 2016): 66–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/bbs.11(3).2016.07.

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This paper, based on econometric techniques, has done a study to improve the predictions of the stress test, concerning the estimation of impairment losses. The main results obtained are: 1) the impact of the explanatory variables on the impairment loss is different at stages of growth, compared to times of recession; 2) there is a certain inertia of the dependent variable, but this inertia is different in intensity, and even the sign in the growth stages concerning the stages of recession; 3) of the explanatory variables, nominal GDP and equity are those that have a greater impact on the impairment loss; 4) finally, the two dummy variables that assess the impact of adjustment to market value of assets in the process of mergers and acquisitions that occurred in 2010, and regulatory changes implemented in 2012, have been statistically significant and with the expected signs. Keywords: econometric techniques, financial crisis, financial markets, risks. JEL Classification: G21, G32, G17

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Zuyev, Vladimir, Sergey Krivoshapov, Ernest Rabinovich, Mihail Buravtsev, and Vitaliy Kashkanov. "Evaluation of the proposed method for inertia moments of vehicle powertrain parts measuring by acceleration and deceleration." Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Transport 12, no. 2 (February 2021): 54–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.31649/2413-4503-2020-12-2-54-60.

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The scheme of energy transmission from the engine to the wheels of the car is considered. It is indicated that the dynamics of the vehicle when driving in low gears is significantly influenced by the value of the moment of inertia of equivalent masses. For a passenger car, when driving in first gear, the equivalent weight can increase up to 28%. In the literature, inertial masses are determined approximately. The article proposes a simple technique for assessing the moments of inertia of the main parts (wheels, transmission, engine) without disassembling the car. The essence of the method is to measure the deceleration during free run of the car with the vehicle's wheels hanging, and then without the wheels. A system of equations for the power balance of the vehicle run-out in 3rd and 4th gears of the gearbox with open clutch is compiled. When drawing up the equation, it was assumed that with the same engine speed and the same throttle opening, the engine torque would be the same. Formulas are obtained for calculating the moment of inertia of the wheels and the variable part of the transmission, according to which the inertial mass of the engine is calculated without the need to remove it from the machine. The article describes the experimental research methodology applied to the Hyundai i30 car with a working volume of 1.4 liters, manufactured in 2007. In the course of the experiment, the engine speed was measured through the OBD II connector, using the ELM 327 adapter and the ScanMaster-ELM program, the vehicle on-road speed using the Garmin eTrex 30 navigator, and the wheel revolutions were recorded on video. During the experiment, the condition of the tires Nokian Nordman SX 195/65 R15 91H was monitored, for which the residual depth of the tire tread pattern, pressure, moment of inertia were determined (by the bifilar suspension method). Based on the results of the experiment, the developed mathematical model was used to calculate the moment of inertia of the rotating parts of the Hyundai i30 in different gears. The result of the study allows you to establish the actual state of the rotating parts of the car, the knowledge of which increases the accuracy of determining the performance characteristics. The technique can be used to diagnose the conditions of transmission elements and car wheels. The technique does not require the use of complex stands and expensive devices.

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Serrarens, Alex F. A., Shuiwen Shen, and Frans E. Veldpaus. "Control of a Flywheel Assisted Driveline With Continuously Variable Transmission." Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 125, no. 3 (September 1, 2003): 455–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1589033.

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This paper proposes a control solution for a vehicular driveline with an internal combustion engine, a continuously variable transmission and an additional flywheel unit. This unit plays a part only in transient situations. It compensates for the engine inertia, enabling optimal fuel economy in stationary situations without losing driveability during transients. For control design, a simple, nonlinear model is developed and used for feedback linearization. The proposed controller is evaluated by simulations, using an advanced simulation model. The compensation of the engine inertia by the additional flywheel is demonstrated by vehicle experiments.

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Ciurys, Marek, and Ignacy Dudzikowski. "Transients of electrical and mechanical quantities of a brushless DC motor - computations, measurements." Archives of Electrical Engineering 60, no. 1 (March 1, 2011): 23–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10171-011-0003-x.

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Transients of electrical and mechanical quantities of a brushless DC motor - computations, measurements The paper presents a method of computing electrical and mechanical variables of BLDC motors. It takes into account electrical, magnetic and mechanical phenomena in the power supply-converter-BLDC motor-load machine system. The solution to the problem is the so-called circuit-field method. The results determined with the use of time stepping finite element method were used as the parameters of equations of the developed mathematical model. Losses in the motor, losses in transistors and diodes of the converter as well as the actual back EMF waveforms, variable moment of inertia and variable load torque are accounted for. The designed laboratory stand and the test results are presented in the paper. The experimental verification shows the correctness of the developed method, algorithm and program. The developed computational method is universal with respect to different electromechanical systems with cylindrical BLDC motors. It can be applied to electromechanical systems with BLDC motors operating at constant but also variable load torque and moment of inertia.

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Mishra, Arpita, and A. N. Mantri. "Variable moment of inertia in the interacting boson model." Physical Review C 38, no. 4 (October 1, 1988): 1921–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevc.38.1921.

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Pielorz, Amalia, and Monika Skóra. "Modeling of multimass systems torsionally deformed with variable inertia." Differential Equations and Nonlinear Mechanics 2006 (2006): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/denm/2006/20758.

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Dynamic investigations of multimass discrete-continuous systems having variable moment of inertia are performed. The systems are torsionally deformed and consist of an arbitrary number of elastic elements connected by rigid bodies. The problem is nonlinear and it is linearized after appropriate transformations. It is shown that such problems can be investigated using the wave approach. Some analytical considerations and numerical calculations are done for a two-mass system with a special case of boundary conditions.

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Shen, Wenbin, Wei Chen, and Rong Sun. "Earth’s temporal principal moments of inertia and variable rotation." Geo-spatial Information Science 11, no. 2 (January 2008): 127–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11806-008-0064-1.

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38

Baranowski, Jerzy. "Observer Design for a Variable Moment of Inertia System." Energies 14, no. 18 (September 15, 2021): 5850. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14185850.

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Variable moment of inertia systems are common, and a popular laboratory system of this type is the “ball-and-beam”. Such systems are, however, nonlinear and often unstable. Efficient control requires full state information (or at least partial velocities), which are generally difficult to measure. That is why the design of state observers is a relevant problem. In this paper, a new design of an observer is proposed. This new nonlinear observer uses partial output injection and the circle criterion to ensure semiglobal stability. Moreover, we present a complete modeling of the system and systematic testing of the observer in comparison to a baseline in the form of a linear observer. The results show that the designed observer outperforms its linear counterpart and does not impede control.

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Guzzomi, A. L., D. C. Hesterman, and B. J. Stone. "Variable inertia effects of an engine including piston friction and a crank or gudgeon pin offset." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 222, no. 3 (March 1, 2008): 397–414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544070jauto590.

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In order to obtain greater accuracy in simulation, more sophisticated models are often required. When it comes to the torsional vibration of reciprocating mechanisms the effect of inertia variation is very important. It has been shown that the inclusion of this variation increases model accuracy for both single-cylinder and multi-cylinder engine torsional vibration predictions. Recent work by the present authors has revealed that piston-to-cylinder friction may modify an engine's ‘apparent’ inertia function. Kinematic analysis also shows that the piston side force and the dynamic piston-to-cylinder friction are interdependent. This has implications for engine vibration modelling. Most modern engines employ a gudgeon pin offset, and there is a growing interest in pursuing large crank offsets; hence, the effect of these on inertia variation is also of interest. This paper presents the derivation of the inertia function for a single engine mechanism, including both piston-to-cylinder friction and crank or gudgeon pin offset, and investigates the effect of each through predictions. The effect of crank offset on the variable inertia function is also verified by experiment.

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40

Hasnawi, Hussein Hurajah Al, and Ali Abdulhassan Abbas. "Workplace Ostracism as a Mediating Variable in the Relationship between Paradoxical Leader Behaviours and Organizational Inertia." Organizacija 53, no. 2 (May 1, 2020): 165–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/orga-2020-0011.

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AbstractBackground and Purpose: Many organizations suffer from an increased in the paradoxical behaviours of leaders, leading to followers to feel lonely and the workplace ostracism, which negatively effects the emergence of organizational inertia. The main purpose of this study is to examine direct and indirect effect of paradoxical leader behaviours on organizational inertia through the mediating role of the workplace ostracism.Design/Methodology/Approach: Using the convenience sampling technique, a self-administered survey was conducted at the level of a sample (n = 564) of employees in the factories of the State Company for Textile and Leather Industry in Iraq. Structural equation modelling (SEM) was employed to test the proposed research model using the AMOS v.24 software.Results: The findings revealed that paradoxical leader behaviours have a significant effect on workplace ostracism and organizational inertia. Further, workplace ostracism significant effect on organizational inertia. In addition, the study empirically supports the mediating effect of workplace ostracism on the relationship between paradoxical leader behaviours and organizational inertia.Conclusion: When paradoxical behaviours arise in the behaviour of an organization’s leaders, it will have an influence on the emergence of workplace ostracism amongst employees, hence the subsequent emergence of organizational inertia in general in the work environment. Based on these results, this study should be of help to leaders in avoiding paradoxical behaviours in terms of maintaining a certain equilibrium in dealing with employees to find a positive work environment that reduces staff ostracism, and thus organizational inertia.

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Morren, Johan, Jan Pierik, and Sjoerd W. H. de Haan. "Inertial response of variable speed wind turbines." Electric Power Systems Research 76, no. 11 (July 2006): 980–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2005.12.002.

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Sheng, Siqing, Pengwang Li, Hao Wu, Liwei Zhang, and Maosen Fan. "Research on Variable Inertia Coordination Frequency Regulation Strategy Based on a Wind & Thermal Power Combined System." E3S Web of Conferences 118 (2019): 02042. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911802042.

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With the increasing installed capacity of the wind power, the power system has an obviously low inertia characteristic. It is of great significance to actively promote the virtual inertia frequency regulation technology of wind turbines (WTS) for improving the system frequency quality. The frequency regulation capability and frequency regulation effects of wind & thermal power units were analysed, and a variable inertia coordination frequency regulation strategy for different wind power penetration conditions was proposed in this paper. At the wind farm level, the dynamic frequency regulation participation coefficient of wind farms was fuzzily determined according to the operation conditions of WTS and the wind power penetration ratio. At the wind turbine level, the calculation method of the equivalent inertia constant of WTS was given based on the effective rotational kinetic energy. And the allowable range of frequency regulation parameters of WTS was determined by considering the incremental model of the system. Results indicated that the proposed coordinated frequency regulation strategy not only provided a reliable inertia support, but also maintained the stability of WTS. The frequency response performance of the high-penetration wind power system was improved.

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Ochoa, Danny, and Sergio Martinez. "Analytical Approach to Understanding the Effects of Implementing Fast-Frequency Response by Wind Turbines on the Short-Term Operation of Power Systems." Energies 14, no. 12 (June 19, 2021): 3660. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14123660.

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The significant presence of variable-speed wind turbines in worldwide power systems has led to planners and grid operators requiring them to participate in frequency control tasks. To address this demand, a large number of wind frequency control proposals have been reported in the literature in recent years. Many of these solutions have been tested by specific experiments carried out in computer simulation environments. This paper proposes a methodology to evaluate the effects of enabling frequency support by wind turbines on the magnitudes that characterize the inertial response of a power system by using an analytical approach. The derived formulation and the illustrations are designed to provide a better understanding of both the mechanisms that determine the frequency stability indices and the improvement achieved by enabling the inertial response of wind turbines by implementing a virtual inertia-based method on the active power controllers of these machines. To facilitate the comprehension of the results obtained, the analytical approach is complemented with time-domain simulations in a predefined test system implemented in MATLAB/Simulink®. The proposed methodology achieves a generalization of the results and can be used for the assessment of any power system configuration.

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GOEL, ALPANA, and A. K. JAIN. "APPLICATION OF THE VARIABLE MOMENT OF INERTIA MODEL TO BANDS IN ODD-ODD NUCLEI." Modern Physics Letters A 05, no. 29 (November 20, 1990): 2403–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732390002766.

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The variable moment of inertia model is extended to rotational bands in odd-odd rare-earth nuclei. Results are presented for the K> = (Ωp + Ωn) bands which remain reasonably free from Coriolis mixing effects. The moment of inertia parameter exhibits significant variation with angular momentum which is strikingly similar to one of the odd-A rotational bands based on either the neutron or the proton configuration also involved in the odd-odd rotational band.

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Ancuti, Mihaela-Codruta, Sorin Musuroi, Ciprian Sorandaru, Marian Dordescu, and Geza Mihai Erdodi. "Wind Turbines Optimal Operation at Time Variable Wind Speeds." Applied Sciences 10, no. 12 (June 20, 2020): 4232. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10124232.

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The wind turbine’s operation is affected by the wind speed variations, which cannot be followed by the wind turbine due to the large moment of the power plant’s inertia. The method proposed in this paper belongs to the wind turbine power curves (WTPC) approach, which expresses the power curve of the permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) by a set of mathematical equations. The WTPC research papers published before now have not taken into consideration the total power plant inertia at time-variable wind speeds, when the wind turbine’s optimal operation is very difficult to be reached, and its efficiency is thus threatened. The study is based on a wind turbine having a large moment of total inertia, and demonstrates, through extensive simulation results, that the optimal values of the PMSG’s power can be determined based on the kinetic motion equation. This PMSG’s optimal power represents an ideal time-varying curve, and the wind turbine should be controlled so as to closely follow it. For this purpose, proportional integral (PI) and proportional integral derivative (PID) type-based control methods were implemented and analyzed, so that the PMSG’s power oscillations could be reduced, and the PMSG’s angular speed value made comparable to the optimal one, meaning that the wind turbine operates within the optimal operation area, and is efficient. The simulations are actually the numerical solutions obtained by using the Scientific Workplace simulation environment, and they are based on the wind speed measurements collected from a wind farm located in Dobrogea, Romania.

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Tyurekhojaev, A., and G. Mamatova. "MOTION OF AN AXISYMMETRIC RIGID BODY WITH VARIABLE INERTIA MOMENTS." International Conference on Applied Mechanics and Mechanical Engineering 16, no. 16 (May 1, 2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/amme.2014.35757.

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L. J. Schwankl and W. W. Wallender. "Zero Inertia Furrow Modeling with Variable Infiltration and Hydraulic Characteristics." Transactions of the ASAE 31, no. 5 (1988): 1470–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.30887.

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48

Kayuk, Ya F., and V. I. Denisenko. "Motion of a Mechanical System with Variable Mass–Inertia Characteristics." International Applied Mechanics 40, no. 7 (July 2004): 814–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:inam.0000046226.90924.dd.

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MATSUOKA, Taichi. "Vibration suppression device that has variable inertia mass using CVT." Transactions of the JSME (in Japanese) 83, no. 854 (2017): 17–00292. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/transjsme.17-00292.

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Gupta, J. B., A. K. Kavathekar, and Y. P. Sabharwal. "Reexamination of the variable moment of inertia nuclear softness model." Physical Review C 56, no. 6 (December 1, 1997): 3417–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevc.56.3417.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Inerzia variabile'

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