Dissertations / Theses: 'Infant and toddler science'

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Holmberg, Sofia. "Kommunikationsbedömning vid 18-månadersbesöket på BVC : BVC-sjuksköterskors uppfattning och hjälp av föräldraformuläret Infant Toddler Checklist (ITC)." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Logopedi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-346539.

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New evidence based methods are requested within the work of Child Health Care (CHC). The workload for nurses at the CHC centres is high and new interventions needs to be fast and simple to be implemented. The parent checklist CSBS-DP ITC is a screening tool which has been tested during the period 2015–2017 at eleven CHC centres in Uppsala. The aim with the method is early identification, assessment regarding child communication and language problems. The aim with this pilot study was to examine differences between nurses’ experiences and opinions on communication assessment at 18 months depending on which method they used, ITC or regular routine. A web based survey consisting mostly of multiple choice questions was sent to 35 nurses who has been using the ITC checklist and 58 nurses who has been working according to regular routine. The survey ultimately reached 76 people, and out of these 76 nurses 11 from each group filled in the survey (29%). The result showed statistical significant differences between the groups on two questions regarding nurses experience on having a structured method for assessment of communication and language and the nurses’ experiences on how confident they were in describing problems in development of communication and language. The nurses who used the ITC assessment generally felt more secure in their assessment of communication and language, motor skills, play development and growth.
Nya evidensbaserade metoder efterfrågas inom barnhälsovårdens arbete. Då sjuksköterskorna på barnavårdscentralen (BVC) idag har hög arbetsbelastning behöver nya interventioner vara enkla och snabba att genomföra för att kunna implementeras. Föräldraformuläret CSBS-DP ITC är en screeningmetod som under perioden 2015 till 2017 har använts på elva barnavårdscentraler i Uppsala. Syftet med metoden är att tidigt identifiera barn med misstänkta kommunikationssvårigheter för att kunna remittera dem vidare för bedömning och eventuell intervention. Denna pilotstudie syftar till att undersöka om det finns skillnader i BVC-sjuksköterskors upplevelse av kommunikationsbedömning vid 18-månadersbesöket beroende på om de använt ITC- formuläret eller inte. En webbenkät bestående av främst flervalsfrågor skickades till 35 sjuksköterskor som använt föräldraformuläret ITC samt 58 sjuksköterskor som arbetat enligt ordinarie rutin. Enkäten nådde 76 personer. Av dessa var det 11 deltagare från varje grupp som fyllde i enkäten (29%). Resultatet visade ett p-värde på under 0,05 vid två frågor vad gällde sjuksköterskornas upplevelse av att ha en strukturerad metod vid kommunikations- och språkbedömningen samt sjuksköterskornas upplevelse av hur trygga de känner sig i att beskriva avvikelser hos barnet vad gäller kommunikations- och språkbedömningen. Sjuksköterskorna som använt ITC-formuläret kände sig generellt säkrare i sin bedömning av kommunikation och språk, motorik, lekutveckling samt tillväxt, än sjuksköterskorna som arbetat enligt ordinarie rutin.

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Parkinson, Ann B. "Knowledge of Infant/Toddler Development Among Low-Income Families." DigitalCommons@USU, 1991. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/2374.

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Pretest data from a two-year project entitled "An Early Intervention Program for Parents of Young Children at-Risk" were collected and analyzed, in a sample of 2,191 low-income parents, for Head Start participation and baseline information. Respondents participating in the sample were from the states of California, Delaware, Nevada, South Carolina, and Utah. For their participation in the study, respondents received a free subscription to age-paced newsletters, which contained information about appropriate growth expectancies, nutrition, and guidance for their child of 36 months or younger. Newsletters were mailed monthly to parents who had children 12 months and younger and every other month to parents with children older than 12 months. Knowledge of infant/toddler development among Head Start and non-Head Start parents was measured by i-test comparisons. Univariate analysis of demographic influences on developmental knowledge was computed by a oneway ANOVA and Pearson correlation coefficients. Demographic variables measured were state of residence, race, educational level, marital status, employment status, attitude, income level, number of children, supplemental programs, and age of parent. Findings revealed that Head start parents did not have a significantly greater knowledge of infant/toddler development than non-Head start parents who had more than one child. Developmental knowledge scores were higher for Head start parents than non-Head start first-time parents. All participating Head start parents had at least two children, one in the Head start program and one other child 25 months or younger. There were differences in developmental knowledge scores by state of residence, race, educational level, marital status, and employment status. Demographic variables found to have a positive correlation with developmental knowledge scores were attitude, income level, number of children, and age of parents. There was a negative correlation with the effect of supplemental programs. Programs tested for this effect were AFDC, Food stamps, Medicaid, WIC, Social Security, and Head Start. A greater proportion of Head Start parents participated in these income-assistance programs, which may have influenced their scores for child development knowledge .

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Francik, Abby T. "Using sign language as a communication tool in infant/toddler group care settings." Connect to resource, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1811/500.

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Thesis (Honors)--Ohio State University, 2005.
Title from first page of PDF file. Document formattted into pages: contains 35 p.; also includes graphics. Includes bibliographical references (p. 23-24). Available online via Ohio State University's Knowledge Bank.

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Evanshen, Pamela. "See, Hear, Feel and Embrace the Environment: Infant and Toddler Spaces That Inspire." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2011. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/4340.

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5

Scerif, Gaia. "Infant and toddler precursors of attentional processes in fragile X syndrome : a neurodevelopmental perspective." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.406871.

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6

Jordan, Dorothy Elizabeth Alexandra. "The ecology of infant and toddler care during nonstandard hours in licensed childcare centers." Diss., Connect to online resource - MSU authorized users, 2008.

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7

Rubenstein, Tamera Sullivan. "Mentoring as A Multidimensional Process: The Personal Experience of an Infant-Toddler Classroom Mentor /." The Ohio State University, 1996. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487932351058896.

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8

Boynewicz, Kara, and C. Pickle. "Play, Move, Learn! How Early Movement Promotes Cognitive Development in the Infant /Toddler Classroom." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/8356.

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9

Lokteff, Maegan. "Global Quality Change Through the Baby Steps Project for Infant and Toddler Child Care Programs in Rural and Urban Utah." DigitalCommons@USU, 2014. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/3082.

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High quality infant and toddler (IT) child care has repeatedly been linked to better outcomes for children. However, in the U.S., IT child care has also been plagued by poor quality. Using a mixed-methods design, the purpose of this study was to provide an indepth explanation of quality change in IT classrooms and the myriad of factors that contribute to higher quality. Framed in an ecological model that views quality as the product and interaction of process, structural, and caregiver characteristics, this study addressed the impact of a variety of variables on quality change. The sample was comprised of 86 classrooms nested within 48 centers that participated in Baby Steps, a quality improvement project administered by the Utah Office of Child Care. Quantitative data included ITERS-R scores, wages, turnover, capacity, geographic location, and parent fees collected between 2003 and 2010 as part of the Baby Steps Project. Seven center directors completed semi-structured interviews that provided an insider perspective on their perceptions of the barriers and contributors to improved quality. A mixed model analysis was used to examine quality change over time. Results indicate that classroom quality scores (as measured by the ITERS-R) did increase by the second year of participation in Baby Steps; however, subsequent years of participation did not lead to significantly higher scores. Specialized training also appears to contribute to higher quality but high turnover was associated with lower quality programs. Non-urban programs appeared to be especially receptive to the intervention. Center directors echoed these findings and spoke to the

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Eby, Christine A. "Pediatric Cochlear Implant Outcomes in Auditory Neuropathy/Auditory Dys-Synchrony." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1085691784.

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Olsen, Kaelin. "Practicum Students' Beliefs About Developmentally Appropriate Practice for Infants and Toddlers." DigitalCommons@USU, 2004. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/2570.

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This study examined practicum students ' beliefs and experiences abo ut developmentally appropriate practice (DAP) prior to a practicum experience and following it. Another goal was to examine differences between the practicum students' majors and their pre- and posttest DAP beliefs and experiences scores. Finally, this investigation sought to determine the differences between practicum students' DAP beliefs and experiences and the amount of time they spent in a practicum setting. A total of 95 students completing a practicum in the Adele and Dale Young Child Development Laboratory in the infant (Group I) or the 2-year-old classroom (Group 2) participated in the study. The students completed the Teacher Beliefs and Praclices Survey: Infan/s and Toddlers, as well as the Teacher Beliefs and Praclices Survey: Jnfanls if they were in Group I, or the Teacher Beliefs and Praclices Survey: Toddlers, if they worked with Group 2. The questionnaire consisted of two sections. The items on the first part were designed to assess the practicum students' beliefs about DAP. The second part of the questionnaire measured practicum students' experiences and activities in the infant or toddler classroom. Findings from the infants and toddlers measure indicate that the practicum students did show a statistically significant increase from pretest to posttest in their DAP beliefs, and a statistically significant decrease in DAP experiences. This might suggest that the students were able to understand the theories and philosophies of DAP; however, interpreting the guidelines of DAP into classroom practice in the short time associated with the practicum was a difficult task. Results also showed a statistically significant difference between practicum students of different majors and their DAP beliefs and experiences prior to the practicum experience as compared to after. Practicum students with majors in family, consumer, and human development with an emphasis in human development showed the greatest increases in their DAP beliefs over time. Students majoring the early childhood education and related majors showed a statistically significant increase in their DAP experiences between pre- and posttest. Finally, analyses to determine the relationship between practicum students' DAP beliefs and experiences and the amount of time they spent in a practicum setting showed that Group I (infants) had a statistically significant increase in DAP belief scores, even though they spent less time in the practicum setting. Group II (toddlers), who spent a longer time in the practicum selling, had a statistically significant increase in DAP experience scores. Implications of these findings for teacher educators and students are presented. Recommendations for future research are also included.

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Self, Joanna F. "Maternal depression and the nature of mother-toddler interaction : infant bids for engagement and maternal responsiveness /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9162.

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Hammond, Michelle. "Beliefs of infant and toddler teachers in a progressive childcare center the impact of education and experience /." abstract and full text PDF (UNR users only), 2009. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1467791.

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Menegasso, Lisandrea Rodrigues. "Análise teórica de itens referentes a pessoas com deficiência da Infant Toddler Environment Rating Scale - Revised Edition." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/2940.

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Com a proposta de uma educação infantil inclusiva, são necessários mecanismos para avaliar a qualidade da educação infantil para crianças com necessidades educacionais especiais incluídas. Em busca da promoção da qualidade de ambientes coletivos de educação infantil, foi desenvolvida a escala Infant/ Toddler Environment Rating Scale Revised Edition (2003) ITERS-R, que propõe avaliar a qualidade de ambientes coletivos de educação infantil sob diferentes aspectos como ambiente físico, interação, atividade e atendimento às crianças com necessidades especiais. Na ausência de instrumentos brasileiros que cumpram esta tarefa, estudos estão investigando a viabilidade da ITERS-R para este contexto. Na direção destes estudos, a pesquisa teve como objetivo verificar a compreensão dos termos e a pertinência do conteúdo dos itens da ITERS-R relacionados a pessoas com deficiência. Foram identificados e traduzidos 12 itens da escala que se referem às necessidades educacionais especiais, os itens 1, 2, 4, 9, 12, 15, 16, 20, 24, 26, 32 e 34 e foram submetidos à análise de conteúdo por 7 juízas especialistas em educação infantil e educação especial, para que avaliassem a pertinência dos itens, e à análise semântica por 7 alunos do curso de psicologia da UFSCar para que avaliassem a clareza e a compreensão dos itens, em ambos os casos por meio de registro em protocolos de respostas. Os dados foram transcritos e analisados de maneira quantitativa e qualitativa. Os resultados indicaram que os itens são parcialmente pertinentes e parcialmente compreensíveis e apontam caminhos para tornar os itens pertinentes e compreensíveis para estudos futuros. Os resultados da análise semântica indicaram que nenhum item foi considerado Não Compreensível; os itens 1, 4, 9 e 15 foram considerados como Parcialmente Compreensível por todos os sujeitos; o item em que houve predomínio de respostas Compreensível foi o 34. Como resultados na análise de conteúdo, observou-se que nenhum item foi indicado para exclusão; os itens foram considerados como Parcialmente Pertinentes e Pertinentes numa proporção de 0,55 para 0,44 respectivamente; os itens que mais receberam respostas Pertinente foram o 34 e o 26. Concluiu-se que os itens da escala analisados podem contribuir para a promoção e avaliação da qualidade em creches, em relação às pessoas com deficiência, mas para isso há que aprimorar a pertinência do conteúdo e a clareza semântica dos itens.

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Dandavino, Mylene. "Drowning and near drowning among infants and toddlers in Canada, 1991-1998 : trends, incidence, and risk factors." Thesis, McGill University, 2001. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=33744.

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Trends in incidence and risk factors for drowning among infants aged less than 1 and toddlers aged 1 to 4 in Canada from 1991--98 were compared to other injury deaths. Incidence, risk factors and in-hospital mortality of infant and toddler hospitalizations due to near drowning from 1994--98 were compared to other injuries. Drowning rates decreased by 79% among infants, from 1.4 per 100,000 person-years during 1991--94 to 0.3 during 1995--98 (0.001 < p < 0.0025 by chi2) and by 38% among toddlers, from 3.2 to 2.0 (p < 0.0005 by chi2). The rate of near drowning hospitalization among children aged 0--4 decreased by 30% from 1991--92 to 1997--98 (0.01 < p < 0.02 by chi2 for trends). Near drowning was the source of 5% of infant and 28% of toddler in-hospital injury deaths in 1994--98. The case-fatality ratio of near drowning hospitalizations was the highest of all injuries with 7% mortality among infants and 12% among toddlers. The decrease in incidence of drowning among infants and toddlers was not paralleled by a similar dramatic decrease in the incidence of other injury deaths in the same period in Canada, nor of near drowning hospitalization, and could be linked to prevention interventions from the Canadian Red Cross Society.

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Tasker, Susan L. Schmidt Louis A. "Joint attention in mother-child dyads involving deaf and hearing toddlers: Implications for socioemotional development /." *McMaster only, 2005.

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17

Clements, Andrea D., C. Richard Parker, Wallace E. Jr Dixon, and Brenda Salley. "Marshmallows Used as Saliva Stimulant Do Not Affect Cortisol Concentrations: Finally a Palatable Alternative for Toddler Saliva Collection." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2007. https://doi.org/10.1002/dev.20238.

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Two studies were conducted to validate marshmallows as a saliva stimulant for use with toddlers. First, cortisol concentrations from 14 subjects (ages 6–46 years) were compared using three saliva collection methods: (1) plain cotton dental roll, (2) dental roll with one mini-marshmallow, and (3) expectorating into a collection tube using no cotton or stimulant. EIA was used for analyses. There were no significant differences among cortisol concentrations. Second, saliva collection compliance rate was compared for 21-month-olds (n = 51) using either flavored drink crystal- (compliance rate = 16.7%) or marshmallow-flavored (compliance rate = 60%) dental rolls for saliva collection (χ2 )1) = 4.02, p = .045). These studies indicate that marshmallow is a viable option for saliva stimulation to determine toddler cortisol concentrations using EIA.

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Mortensen, Jennifer Ann. "The Protective Role of the Caregiving Relationship in Child Care for Infants and Toddlers from High Risk Families." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/556822.

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Infancy and toddlerhood is an important time for the development of emotion regulation, with interactions between parents and children critical to these processes. Negative parenting behaviors can have a deleterious impact on this development; however, for infants and toddlers in child care, the classroom environment, including teacher-child interactions, provides an important setting for emotional development and may serve as a protective factor when parenting risk at home is high. The aim of the three papers presented in this dissertation was to explore the potential for child care to act as a protective factor for infants and toddlers experiencing different dimensions of parenting risk that threaten emotion regulation development: minimal sensitivity and support, harsh and intrusive behaviors, and physical abuse and neglect. Results confirmed the negative impact of unsupportive, harsh, and intrusive parenting behaviors on emotion regulation, but child care was either insignificant in mitigating these effects or operated as a buffer for certain children only. Additionally, a review of the extant literature suggested that understanding the optimal caregiving experiences in child care that meet the unique regulatory needs of maltreated infants and toddlers is limited. Collectively, implications of these findings include the need to ensure measurement validity when assessing children’s experiences within child care, the importance of considering the interactive nature of child, parent, and child care factors, and the pressing need for more research regarding child care teachers' roles in facilitating emotional experiences in the classroom that meet the unique regulatory needs infants and toddlers facing risk at home.

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Almohalha, Lucieny. "Tradução, adaptação cultural e validação do Infant Sensory Profile 2 e do Toddler Sensory Profile 2 para crianças brasileiras de 0 a 35 meses." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/22/22133/tde-03072018-162225/.

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A mensuração do desenvolvimento sensorial tem se tornado um componente necessário na avaliação clínica e no planejamento terapêutico ocupacional para intervenções com bebês e crianças pequenas. Estudos sobre traduções, adaptações culturais e validação de instrumentos para obtenção de medidas válidas e confiáveis tem sido incorporado mais frequentemente em pesquisas no campo da terapia ocupacional. Este estudo metodológico, transversal, de abordagem quantitativa, teve como objetivo descrever o processo de tradução, adaptação cultural e validação das propriedades psicométricas dos instrumentos Infant Sensory Profile 2 (ISP 2) e Toddler Sensory Profile 2 (TSP 2) para crianças brasileiras. A pequisa foi conduzida em ambulatório pediátrico e em laboratórios de pesquisas vinculados à Universidade de São Paulo e Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro. A amostra total incluiu 303 pais/cuidadores de crianças de 0 a 35 meses com desenvolvimento típico e atípico. Métodos: O desenvolvimento das versões para o português do Brasil constou de duas etapas, a primeira consistiu do processo de tradução, retrotradução, estudo de validade de conteúdo e de fase pré-teste em estudo piloto; na segunda etapa, foram realizados estudos psicométricos por meio da consistência interna, fidedignidade teste-reteste, análise fatorial confirmatória, e análise de pontos de corte de escores. Para a primeira etapa, os resultados mostraram que, a partir da validade de face, houve adequação semântica e compreensibilidade de ambos os instrumentos por parte dos respondentes. Para a etapa dois, o software STATA auxiliou nas análises, e o ISP 2 apresentou consistência interna total > 0.70, mas quando analisado por áreas sensoriais a consistência foi < que 0.70. Com relação ao TSP 2, apresentou consistência interna total > 0.80, mas quando analisado por áreas sensoriais a consistência foi < que 0.70 com exceção das áreas auditiva e visual, e em relação aos quadrantes, todos os valores de alfa foram < que 0.70. Sobre o teste-reteste, para ambos os instrumentos, houve alta concordância com valor de Kappa ponderado na categoria quase perfeita. Entretanto, a análise fatorial confirmatória não confirma a estrutura atual dos instrumentos. A rotação da matriz mostrou que itens poderiam ser alocados em domínios diferentes aos que pertencem originalmente, demonstrando correlações distintas entre os itens e dimensões. Os pontos de corte dos escores brasileiros foram diferentes dos americanos. Destaca-se, como considerações finais, a importância em analisar e testar a estrutura fatorial exploratória e confirmatória de ambos os instrumentos uma vez que houve diferenças significantes ente as versões brasileiras do ISP 2 e TSP 2 para a população brasileira de crianças de 0 a 3 meses de idade, verificar as equivalências das cargas fatoriais, as quantidades de itens por domínios, as covariâncias entre os fatores dos instrumentos e os erros de medida. Ainda seria importante verificar a invariância das medidas, seja através da análise fatorial ou da teoria de resposta ao item
Sensory development measurement has become a necessary component in clinical assessment and occupational therapy planning for interventions with infants and young children. Studies related to translations, cultural adaptations and validation of instruments to obtain valid and reliable measures have been incorporated more frequently in researches in the occupational therapy field. This cross-sectional methodological study, with a quantitative approach, aimed to describe the process of translation, cultural adaptation and validation of the psychometric properties of the Infant Sensory Profile 2 (ISP 2) and Toddler Sensory Profile 2 (TSP 2) to brazilian children. The research was conducted in a pediatric outpatient clinic and in research laboratories linked to the University São Paulo and the Federal University of the Triângulo Mineiro. The total sample included 303 parents/caregivers of children aged 0-35 months with typical and atypical development. The development of the Brazilian Portuguese versions was done in two steps, the first one consisted of the translation process, back translation, content validity study and pre-test phase in a pilot study; in the second stage, psychometric studies were performed through internal consistency, test-retest reliability, confirmatory factor analysis, and analysis of cut-off scores. For the first step, the results showed that, from the face validity, there was semantic adequacy and comprehensibility of both instruments by the respondents. For step two, the STATA software assisted in the analyzes, and the ISP 2 presented total internal consistency > 0.70, but when analyzed by sensory areas the consistency was < 0.70. Regarding TSP 2, it presented total internal consistency > 0.80, but when analyzed by sensory areas the consistency was < 0.70, except for auditory and visual areas, and in relation to the quadrants, all alpha values were lower than 0.70. On test-retest analysis, for both instruments, there was high agreement with weighted Kappa value in the almost perfect category. However, the confirmatory factor analysis does not confirm the current structure of this instrument. The rotation of the matrix showed that items could be allocated in domains other than those that originally belonged, showing distinct correlations between items and dimensions. The cut-off points of the Brazilian scores were different from the American ones. As final considerations, it is important to analyze and test the exploratory and confirmatory factorial structure of both instruments since there were significant differences between the Brazilian versions of ISP 2 and TSP 2 for the Brazilian population of children aged 0 to 3 months age; to verify the equivalence of factorial loads; the quantity of items by domains; the covariance between the factors of the instrument and the measurement errors. It is still important to verify the invariance of the measurements, either through factor analysis or item response theory

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Verstraete, Janine. "The development of an English Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) measure for very young children, to be completed by proxy." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/28366.

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Background and Aims: There is an increasing awareness that, in order to monitor health outcomes both mortality and morbidity need to be assessed. A common metric used to measure morbidity and functional limitation is the quality adjusted life year or QALY, which incorporates time spent in a health condition and Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) into the measure. This is of increasing importance in Low Income Countries (LIC) where programmes have been adopted and implemented to address the high burden of child mortality. The ‘first 1000 days’ is one such initiative which has been adopted by the WHO to improve nutritional support, health care and social support for both the mother and child. One of the aims is to improve quality of life during this vulnerable period. As there is currently no appropriate measure of HRQoL in this age group, we set out to develop a valid and reliable, HRQoL instrument for children from 1 month to 3 years old, amenable to the elicitation of preference weights. Methods: The new HRQoL instrument, HRQoL-6D-IT, was based firstly on a mapping review of HRQoL measures for children. The next stage involved eliciting options through cognitive review from caregivers of very young children regarding HRQoL dimensions included in the EQ-5D-Y an existing validated HRQoL measure for older children. The care-givers were requested to identify items to be considered for inclusion, the wording and layout of the new measure. The item pool generated from the literature reviews and cognitive interviews were then assessed through a Delphi study with experts in the field. These items were further reduced through subsequent testing of items and retesting of a preliminary measure. The final items on the HRQoL-6D-IT included: movement, play, pain, relationships, communication and eating and, apart from pain, the descriptors referenced the behaviour of the child to age appropriate behaviour. The HRQoL-6D-IT was then tested for validity and reliability in a group of acutely-ill (AI), chronically-ill (CI) and typically developing (TD) children in two provinces in South Africa: Western and Eastern Cape. Results: The methodology used to identify candidate items was rigorous and yielded items which were developed to be observable with dimension descriptors referring to ‘age appropriate behaviour’. Caregivers were able to reliably report on HRQoL of their very young children from age 1-36 months. The content validity had been established during the development of the instrument. Concurrent validity of the different items (dimensions) was tested between the HRQoL-6D-IT and relevant items from the ASQ, FLACC and NIPS pain scale and Diet History.

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Stoel-Gammon, Carol, and A. Lynn Williams. "Toddler Talk: Findings from a Phonological Assessment Test that Uses “Early” Words." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/2032.

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Silva, Simone Rodrigues Pereira da. "Validação concorrente do Ages & Stages Questionnaires com o Screening Test da Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development III no programa de saúde da família." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2013. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/13377.

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Existe um maior interesse em avaliar o desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor das crianças, levando em consideração a importância da opinião dos pais neste acompanhamento dos seus filhos. O Ages & Stages Questionnaires 3ª Edição (ASQ-3) é um instrumento de triagem do desenvolvimento que se reporta aos pais e tem a vantagem de necessitar de menos tempo dos profissionais para aplicá-lo do que instrumentos que requerem exame direto da criança. Portanto, o presente estudo teve como objetivo realizar a validade concorrente entre os instrumentos ASQ-3 e o padrão-ouro no estudo, o Teste de Triagem da Bayley III, para avaliar o desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor das crianças atendidas no Programa de Saúde da Família. O estudo foi realizado em uma Unidade de Saúde da Família, localizada no Distrito Sanitário VI, na cidade do Recife. A amostra foi composta por 175 crianças com idade entre um e 36 meses. Foi verificada acurácia de 59,4% para a classificação geral do desenvolvimento. Foi calculada também a sensibilidade, especificidade, valor preditivo positivo e negativo do ASQ-3, agrupando cada subteste de acordo com a área do desenvolvimento da criança. A sensibilidade variou de 18,9% (cognitivo/resolução de problemas) a 47,5% (comunicação) e a especificidade de 75,9% (motricidade fina) a 91,9% (comunicação). O ASQ-3 demonstrou moderada acurácia para a classificação geral, baixa sensibilidade e alta especificidade para a classificação por domínios. Apesar da baixa sensibilidade do instrumento, recomenda-se sua utilização, pois, além da facilidade de aplicação e baixo custo, estimula o envolvimento dos pais no acompanhamento do desenvolvimento do seu filho

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Varchavskaia, Paulina 1977. "Early pragmatic language development for an infant robot." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/87181.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2002.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 111-116).
by Paulina Varchavskaia.
S.M.

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Goldberg, Joshua. "When, not where a dynamical field theory of infant gaze /." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2009. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3344622.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of Computer Science and Cognitive Science, 2009.
Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on Oct. 8, 2009). Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 70-02, Section: B, page: 1368. Advisers: Michael Gasser; Linda B. Smith.

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Kinkelaar, Daniel Francis. "Profiles of Tetracycline Resistant Bacteria in the Human Infant Digestive System." The Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1213330709.

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Jackson, Karin. "Att vara förälder till ett för tidigt fött barn : en prospektiv studie om upplevelsen av föräldraskap och möten med vården." Doctoral thesis, Örebro universitet, Hälsovetenskapliga institutionen, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-197.

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The present doctoral thesis focuses mainly on the experiences of 20 women and men of becoming and being parents of a prematurely born child and on their perceptions of their contacts with health and medical care services. An additional aim was to investigate the utilisation of health care during the first year of life and its relation to high-risk diagnoses in the neonatal period. Data were obtained by interviews of the 20 sets of parents to infants born at a gestational age of <34 weeks with no serious congenital defects. These parents were interviewed 1-2 weeks after the infant’s birth and at 2, 6 and 18 months of age. The interview texts were subjected to phenomenological and content analysis. Data was also obtained from the records of 36 infants born at a gestational age of <31 weeks and with a birth weight of <1500 g and 36 full-term infants. The records included information regarding contact with health care services including the child health centres (CHCs) and the outpatient clinics of the paediatric and ophthalmic clinics. Finally data from the other two quantitative studies were obtained from three questionnaires: Quality of Care from The Patient’s Perspective, The Swedish Parenthood Stress Questionnaire and The Toddler Behaviour Questionnaire. The result of the studies showed that the utilisation of health care by the very low birth weight infants was higher than that by the fullterm infants in paediatric and ophthalmic outpatient clinics. High-risk diagnoses in the neonatal period did not correlate with utilisation of care except for visits to the paediatric outpatient clinic, especially planned visits. The internalisation of parenthood was described by the parents as a time-dependent process, with four syntheses of experiences – alienation, responsibility, confidence and familiarity. The development and construction of the mothers’ and fathers’ parental identity followed a pattern that could be summarised into three themes: Unexpected start of parenthood, integration of parenthood into the sense of identity and recognition of parental identity. Important turning points in experiences of parenthood often occurred when the infant could be removed from the incubator, when it was discharged from the ward, and when the infant appeared normal compared to full-term infants. The quality of care was judged, from the parents’ and nurses’ perspective. In general the subjective importance of the given care was rated higher than the care actual given in both neonatal care and care at the CHCs. Higher ratings were given to neonatal care compared with the care at CHSs for medico-technical competence. It was also of importance, of both parents, to receive an optimal identity-oriented approach and socio-cultural atmosphere in the neonatal care and the care at the CHSs. High-risk diagnoses in the newborn did not affect the answers. Parental stress of very preterm children, at 18 months of age, did not differ notably from those parents of children born somewhat less premature, but they assessed their children as being rather later in the development of social behaviours. Parents of children who had had a difficult neonatal period were not more stressed when the child was 18 months old than those who had no problems in the neonatal period. In sum, this research project showed that the parents’ expectations and experiences of becoming mothers and fathers in preterm birth was a process of integrating the unexpected start of parenthood into the parents’ sense of identity and their way of being. When the parents developed a relationship with the infant, actively participated in its care on the basis of their own preferences, and received recognition as parents, this process was strengthened. It is therefore important that the professional caring of the staff should meet and involve the natural caring of the parents.

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Torras, Mañá Montserrat. "Evaluación cognitiva y del lenguaje en el diagnóstico precoz de los trastornos de la comunicación y del espectro del autismo: Aportación de las “Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition”." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/325693.

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Los trastornos del neurodesarrollo se definen, según el Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5; APA, 2013) como un grupo de condiciones que tienen su inicio en el período de desarrollo. Estos trastornos se ponen de manifiesto en el desarrollo temprano, a menudo, antes de que el niño sea escolarizado, y se caracterizan por déficits del desarrollo que producen discapacidades en el funcionamiento personal, social, académico u ocupacional. La valoración temprana y seguimiento del desarrollo neuropsicológico es especialmente importante en aquellos niños que presentan alteraciones, retrasos, o factores de riesgo biológico y/o social, ya que las dificultades en el normal progreso de las funciones neuropsicológicas conllevan una limitación en la exploración y comprensión del entorno. La detección temprana de las alteraciones del desarrollo facilita el inicio de una atención y apoyo a los padres y a los niños que ha demostrado ser beneficiosa reduciendo sus efectos a largo plazo. El propósito fundamental de esta investigación consistió en comprobar la validez y utilidad de las Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition (Bayley-III) (Bayley, 2006) como instrumento de evaluación cognitiva y del lenguaje en el contexto del diagnóstico precoz de diferentes subtipos de trastornos de la comunicación (TC) (trastornos fonológicos, trastornos del lenguaje expresivo y trastornos del lenguaje mixtos receptivo-expresivo) y de diferentes subtipos de trastornos del espectro del autismo (TEA), definidos según nivel cognitivo no verbal y según nivel de lenguaje oral adquirido a los 4 años. Las Bayley-III son un instrumento de referencia a nivel internacional en la valoración del desarrollo en sus primeras etapas y evalúan el desarrollo cognitivo, de lenguaje y motor de los niños entre 1 y 42 meses de edad. Esta investigación fue diseñada como un estudio longitudinal con el fin de conseguir los objetivos establecidos para cada una de las poblaciones estudiadas (TC y TEA). En el primer estudio se demostró que en la población con TC, las Bayley-III son capaces de detectar discrepancias entre el nivel cognitivo y el nivel de lenguaje antes de los 42 meses. Los resultados indicaron que los niños con TC obtuvieron puntuaciones significativamente inferiores a sus grupos control en todos los subtests y compuestos de Bayley-III. Además, puntuaciones bajas en el Compuesto de Lenguaje de Bayley-III predecían puntuaciones inferiores en el Canal Auditivo-vocal del ITPA. Se halló una correlación significativa entre la Escala Cognitiva del Bayley-III y la Escala General Cognitiva de MSCA y con la de Procesamiento Mental Compuesto de K-ABC. Mediante el segundo estudio se confirmó la dependencia entre el nivel cognitivo no verbal y el nivel de lenguaje oral adquirido a los 4 años en la población con TEA estudiada. Puntuaciones inferiores en las escalas Cognitiva y de Lenguaje de Bayley-III antes de los 42 meses predecían niveles cognitivos y niveles de lenguaje oral más bajos a los 4 años. Se halló una correlación significativa entre la Escala Cognitiva de Bayley-III y la Escala General Cognitiva de MSCA y con la Escala de Procesamiento Mental Compuesto de K-ABC. Como conclusiones más relevantes en relación a las implicaciones prácticas de los trabajos presentados, se destaca que las escalas Cognitiva y de Lenguaje de Bayley-III son un instrumento útil en el diagnóstico precoz de los TC, capaces además de discriminar sus formas más graves. Así mismo, se concluye que las Bayley-III son un instrumento válido en la valoración cognitiva y de lenguaje en los TEA. En definitiva, las Bayley-III pueden ayudar a los profesionales clínicos a profundizar en la diferenciación entre diferentes subtipos y niveles de severidad, aportando mayor rigor en la toma de decisiones asistenciales.
The neurodevelopmental disorders are defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5; APA, 2013) as a group of conditions with onset in the developmental period. The disorders typically manifest early in development, often before the child enters grade school, and are characterized by developmental deficits that produce impairments of personal, social, academic, or occupational functioning. The early assessment and monitoring of the neuropsychological development is especially important with children presenting alterations, delays or biological and/or social risk factors. Mainly because of the difficulties in the normal progress of the neuropsychological functions imply a limitation in the exploration and comprehension of the environment. The early detection of the development alterations enables the beginning of the attention and support to parents and infants, which has proved to be beneficial on reducing the effects in the long term. The fundamental goal of this investigation was to verify the validity and utility of the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition (Bayley-III) (Bayley, 2006) as a cognitive and language assessment instrument in the context of early diagnosis of different subtypes of communication disorders (CD) (phonological disorders, expressive language disorders and mixt receptive-expressive language disorders) and different subtypes of autism spectrum disorders (ASD), defined by the non-verbal cognitive level and by the level of oral language acquired at 4 years old. The Bayley-III Scales are an international benchmark instrument on early development assessment and evaluate the cognitive, language and motor development of infants and toddlers between 1 and 42 months old. This research was designed as longitudinal study with the purpose of achieving the goals stablished for each one of the analyzed populations. The first study proved that the Bayley-III scales are capable of detecting discrepancies between the cognitive level and the language level before the first 42 months in the population with CD. The results indicate that children with CD scored significantly lower than their control groups in all subtests and compounds of the Bayley-III. Additionally, low scores on the Language Composite in the Bayley-III predicted lower scores in the Auditory-vocal Channel of ITPA. A significant correlation was obtained between the Cognitive Scale from the Bayley-III and the General Cognitive Scale of MSCA and of the Mental Processing Composite of K-ABC. The second study confirmed the dependency between the nonverbal cognitive level and the oral language level acquired at 4 years old. Lower scores on the Cognitive and Language Bayley-III scales at 3.5 years old predicted lower cognitive and oral language levels at 4 years old. A significant correlation between the Cognitive Bayley-III Scale and the General Cognitive MSCA Scale and with that of Compound K-ABC Mental Processing was found. Regarding the more practical implications of the presented research we can conclude that the Cognitive and Language scales of the Bayley-III are a useful instrument in the early diagnosis of CD, also able to discriminate its more severe forms. Additionally we can conclude that the Bayley-III Scales are a useful instrument in cognitive and language assessment of ASD. Ultimately the Bayley-III scales can help clinical professionals to attain knowledge into the differentiation between different subtypes and severity levels of neurodevelopment disorders, providing more preciseness on the healthcare decision making process.

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Ebrahimvandi, Alireza. "Three Essays on Analysis of U.S. Infant Mortality Using Systems and Data Science Approaches." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/96266.

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High infant mortality (IM) rates in the U.S. have been a major public health concern for decades. Many studies have focused on understanding causes, risk factors, and interventions that can reduce IM. However, death of an infant is the result of the interplay between many risk factors, which in some cases can be traced to the infancy of their parents. Consequently, these complex interactions challenge the effectiveness of many interventions. The long-term goal of this study is to advance the common understanding of effective interventions for improving health outcomes and, in particular, infant mortality. To achieve this goal, I implemented systems and data science methods in three essays to contribute to the understanding of IM causes and risk factors. In the first study, the goal was to identify patterns in the leading causes of infant mortality across states that successfully reduced their IM rates. I explore the trends at the state-level between 2000 and 2015 to identify patterns in the leading causes of IM. This study shows that the main drivers of IM rate reduction is the preterm-related mortality rate. The second study builds on these findings and investigates the risk factors of preterm birth (PTB) in the largest obstetric population that has ever been studied in this field. By applying the latest statistical and machine learning techniques, I study the PTB risk factors that are both generalizable and identifiable during the early stages of pregnancy. A major finding of this study is that socioeconomic factors such as parent education are more important than generally known factors such as race in the prediction of PTB. This finding is significant evidence for theories like Lifecourse, which postulate that the main determinants of a health trajectory are the social scaffolding that addresses the upstream roots of health. These results point to the need for more comprehensive approaches that change the focus from medical interventions during pregnancy to the time where mothers become vulnerable to the risk factors of PTB. Therefore, in the third study, I take an aggregate approach to study the dynamics of population health that results in undesirable outcomes in major indicators like infant mortality. Based on these new explanations, I offer a systematic approach that can help in addressing adverse birth outcomes—including high infant mortality and preterm birth rates—which is the central contribution of this dissertation. In conclusion, this dissertation contributes to a better understanding of the complexities in infant mortality and health-related policies. This work contributes to the body of literature both in terms of the application of statistical and machine learning techniques, as well as in advancing health-related theories.
Doctor of Philosophy
The U.S. infant mortality rate (IMR) is 71% higher than the average rate for comparable countries in the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). High infant mortality and preterm birth rates (PBR) are major public health concerns in the U.S. A wide range of studies have focused on understanding the causes and risk factors of infant mortality and interventions that can reduce it. However, infant mortality is a complex phenomenon that challenges the effectiveness of the interventions, and the IMR and PBR in the U.S. are still higher than any other advanced OECD nation. I believe that systems and data science methods can help in enhancing our understanding of infant mortality causes, risk factors, and effective interventions. There are more than 130 diagnoses—causes—for infant mortality. Therefore, for 50 states tracking the causes of infant mortality trends over a long time period is very challenging. In the first essay, I focus on the medical aspects of infant mortality to find the causes that helped the reduction of the infant mortality rates in certain states from 2000 to 2015. In addition, I investigate the relationship between different risk factors with infant mortality in a regression model to investigate and find significant correlations. This study provides critical recommendations to policymakers in states with high infant mortality rates and guides them on leveraging appropriate interventions. Preterm birth (PTB) is the most significant contributor to the IMR. The first study showed that a reduction in infant mortality happened in states that reduced their preterm birth. There exists a considerable body of literature on identifying the PTB risk factors in order to find possible explanations for consistently high rates of PTB and IMR in the U.S. However, they have fallen short in two key areas: generalizability and being able to detect PTB in early pregnancy. In the second essay, I investigate a wide range of risk factors in the largest obstetric population that has ever been studied in PTB research. The predictors in this study consist of a wide range of variables from environmental (e.g., air pollution) to medical (e.g., history of hypertension) factors. Our objective is to increase the understanding of factors that are both generalizable and identifiable during the early stage of pregnancy. I implemented state-of-the-art statistical and machine learning techniques and improved the performance measures compared to the previous studies. The results of this study reveal the importance of socioeconomic factors such as, parent education, which can be as important as biomedical indicators like the mother's body mass index in predicting preterm delivery. The second study showed an important relationship between socioeconomic factors such as, education and major health outcomes such as preterm birth. Short-term interventions that focus on improving the socioeconomic status of a mother during pregnancy have limited to no effect on birth outcomes. Therefore, we need to implement more comprehensive approaches and change the focus from medical interventions during pregnancy to the time where mothers become vulnerable to the risk factors of PTB. Hence, we use a systematic approach in the third study to explore the dynamics of health over time. This is a novel study, which enhances our understanding of the complex interactions between health and socioeconomic factors over time. I explore why some communities experience the downward spiral of health deterioration, how resources are generated and allocated, how the generation and allocation mechanisms are interconnected, and why we can see significantly different health outcomes across otherwise similar states. I use Ohio as the case study, because it suffers from poor health outcomes despite having one of the best healthcare systems in the nation. The results identify the trap of health expenditure and how an external financial shock can exacerbate health and socioeconomic factors in such a community. I demonstrate how overspending or underspending in healthcare can affect health outcomes in a society in the long-term. Overall, this dissertation contributes to a better understanding of the complexities associated with major health issues of the U.S. I provide health professionals with theoretical and empirical foundations of risk assessment for reducing infant mortality and preterm birth. In addition, this study provides a systematic perspective on the issue of health deterioration that many communities in the US are experiencing, and hope that this perspective improves policymakers' decision-making.

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Hiermann, Peter. "Beschreibung und Evaluation eines niedrigschwelligen Beratungsangebotes für Eltern mit Säuglingen und Kleinkindern an der Universitätskinderklinik Leipzig." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-113198.

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Peter Hiermann: Beschreibung und Evaluation eines niedrigschwelligen Beratungsangebotes für Eltern mit Säuglingen und Kleinkindern an der Universitätskinderklinik Leipzig Universität Leipzig, Publikationsdissertation. Textteil 44 Seiten, einschließlich 3 publizierter Manuskripte und 26 Literaturstellen Regulationsstörungen in den ersten drei Lebensjahren betreffen bis zu einem Fünftel aller Familien mit Säuglingen und Kleinkindern. Es handelt sich um Schwierigkeiten in der Schlaf-Wach-Regulation, chronische Unruhe des Säuglings von Geburt an sowie Fütterinteraktionsstörungen oder exzessives Trotzen in späteren Entwicklungsphasen. Charakteristisch ist die Ansiedlung der Problematik in der Eltern-Kind-Beziehung und der alltäglichen Interaktion, die damit Gegenstand von Diagnostik, Beratung und Therapie ist. Die vorliegende kumulative Dissertation hat sich aus der wissenschaftlichen Auseinandersetzung mit der Thematik im Rahmen der Arbeit in der Leipziger „Schreisprechstunde“ der Universitätskinderklinik entwickelt. Im ersten Artikel werden Regulationsstörungen definiert und in ihren Auswirkungen auf Kind und Eltern beschrieben. Im Mittelpunkt steht der interaktionszentrierte Ansatz, der entsprechende Empfehlungen für Diagnostik und Therapie impliziert. Die zweite, zentrale Publikation beschreibt einen zweijährigen Beratungszeitraum, der Daten von 153 Familien einschließt. Neben körperlichem Untersuchungsstatus und ausführlicher Anamnese wurden detailliert Verlauf und Ergebnis der Beratung erfasst. So unterteilt sich die Stichprobe in ca. zwei Drittel Fälle mit unkomplizierten, kurzen Verläufen und etwa einem Fünftel von Fällen, die durch schwierige Verläufe und geringe Beratungserfolge gekennzeichnet sind. Ein Zusammenhang zu Hochrisikokonstellationen in den Familien ist hier festzustellen und wird im Anschluss diskutiert. Der dritte Artikel beleuchtet in Form einer Fallvignette einen Detailausschnitt aus der Beratungsarbeit: Thema sind Teenager-Schwangerschaften, deren Risiken und mögliche Hilfen. In einer Literaturrecherche wird zunächst der aktuelle wissenschaftliche Stand zu diesem Komplex dargestellt. Es folgt eine umfassende Beschreibung der betroffenen Familie mit ausführlichen Interviewtransskriptionen und einer abschließenden Diskussion und Benennung von Empfehlungen für den Umgang mit der genannten Risikokonstellation.

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Kemp, Francisca. "Detection of Enterobacter sakazakii in South African food products." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/1064.

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Marincic, Patricia Z. "Quantitation of Bovine Serum Albumin in Cow's-Milk-Based Infant Formulas and Removal of Bovine Serum Albumin from Cow's Milk and Whey Protein Isolates." DigitalCommons@USU, 1997. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/5443.

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Early introduction of cow's-milk-based infant formulas, in particular the ABBOS epitope of bovine serum albumin (BSA), has been implicated as an autoimmune trigger in the pathogenesis of insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). A direct enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA), using polyclonal anti-BSA antibodies, was developed to determine the BSA content of cow's milk and 15 infant formulas. Powdered high-whey (60%) formulas averaged 41 mg BSA/100 ml; 2% milk contained 52 mg BSA/100 ml; and the high-casein formulas averaged 13 mg/100 ml. BSA content of powdered polymeric formulas and cow's milk varied directly with the whey protein concentration (correlation coefficient = 0.8445, Q = 0.008). BSA was not detected in any hydrolyzed powdered formula or commercially sterile liquid preparation regardless of protein composition. The absence of BSA was confirmed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. It is unlikely that the ABBOS epitope is present in the formulas testing negative for BSA due to enzymatic hydrolysis and heat denaturation of these formula preparations. A laboratory technology was developed that could be upgraded to produce BSA free protein bases used in the manufacture of infant formula. Affinity chromatography, using paramagnetic beads with an immobilized antibody against BSA, was applied to extract BSA from cow's milk and whey isolates. Monoclonal and polyclonal antibody-activated beads were used to capture BSA from samples. The capture efficiency in milk was 11% and 19% for polyclonal beads, and 59% for monoclonal beads. Capture efficiency of monoclonal beads of 91% was significantly greater in both acid and sweet whey compared to the polyclonal beads exhibiting a capture efficiency 31% and 24% in acid and sweet whey, respectively. Capture efficiency of monoclonal and polyclonal beads did not differ significantly in milk, acid whey, or sweet whey. Removal of BSA from a known sample of 25ng of BSA treated with polyclonal beads was 70% effective with a capture efficiency of 35%. A net reduction of 99.9% of the BSA could be expected by coupling immunocapture with molecular sieving. Immunocapture was most effective in removing BSA when only small amounts were present in the sample.

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Snethen, Kyle. "A computed tomography-based model of the infant hip anatomy for dynamic finite element analysis of hip dysplasia biomechanics." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2013. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/912.

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Newborns diagnosed with hip dysplasia face severe consequences when treatments fail. The Pavlik harness presents the most common worldwide treatment for correcting this medical hip abnormality in newborns, but becomes increasingly ineffective as subluxation increases. A dynamic finite element analysis on the hip joint would yield results that could provide insight to physicians as to how the Pavlik harness could be optimized to increase its success rate and develop patient-specific treatment plans. The study completes the first step in such an analysis by generating a three-dimensional model of an infant hip joint directly derived from computed tomography imaging in order to accurately represent the anatomical locations of muscle origins and insertions points as well as the unique cartilaginous characteristics of a neonate hip and femur. Such models will further enhance findings on the biomechanics of hip dysplasia that resulted from a preliminary study using computer-aided design to recreate the hip joint. In addition to the models, the orientation of the psoas tendon in a dysplastic hip through full range abduction and flexion was analyzed using a cadaveric dissection. It was determined that the psoas tendon was not an obstruction to reduction when the hip was in flexion so long as the tendon was not adherent to the hip capsule, and therefore can be disregarded in a finite element analysis or dynamic simulation that introduces flexion. The work of this thesis will lay the foundation for complex finite element analyses regarding the biomechanics of hip dysplasia in neonates as well as other hip abnormalities relevant to early child development.
B.S.M.E.
Bachelors
Engineering and Computer Science
Mechanical, Material and Aerospace Engineering

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Moore, Shana L. "Is There a Trade-off? Infant Health Outcomes and Managed Care Competition." UKnowledge, 2016. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/msppa_etds/16.

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This study offers insights into the impact of competition among Managed Care organizations (MCOs) on infant birthing charges and birth outcomes. Kentucky provides one of the nation’s first case studies to determine successes and failures of Medicaid MCOs, and by doing so, provides a prediction of the impact of Patient Protection Affordable Care Act (PPACA) competition on healthcare costs and birth outcomes. An analysis of a natural policy experiment in the state of Kentucky reveals that infants insured by a Medicaid MCO stay longer in hospitals, are less healthy, and cost more than those insured under Traditional Medicaid prior to a policy change. Utilizing a difference-in-difference-in-difference (DDD) estimation, this study found initial evidence in a competitive MCO environment of Traditional Medicaid average birth charges substantially more than births under a Medicaid MCO, while outcomes also revealed the incidence of normal delivery increased almost identical to that of private insurance. However, after a short time, average birth charges for infants born under Medicaid MCO climb higher than other payer-types and infant health begins to decline. Outcomes of this study signal that Managed Care infants are actually less healthy and cost substantially more than anticipated but it is possible that these outcomes can be attributed to insurance selection.

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Messer, Lori L. "Infant-Driven Feeding vs. Scheduled Feeding: The Effect on Hospital Length of Stay." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/2094.

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Developmental delays related to feeding dysfunction in premature infants can lead to lengthy hospitalizations and increased healthcare costs initially and throughout the first year of the child's life. The purpose of this project was to use readiness-to-feed assessments to evaluate the impact of an infant-driven feeding protocol on length of stay. The project compared the length of stay of 2 groups of infants: a demand fed according to a readiness-to-feed protocol (protocol group, n = 14) and a traditionally fed according to scheduled, volume-driven feedings (traditional group, n = 15). The logic model served as the change management framework and synactive theory of infant development provided the theoretical framework. According to Als' synactive theory, a shortened hospital stay for premature infants may reduce adverse effects related to neurosensory development, delayed bonding, and a distant parenting experience. A quantitative research design was used, and data were collected through a retrospective chart review of the 2 groups. Descriptive statistics and analysis of variance were completed. The findings indicated that the length of stay in the protocol group was less than the length of stay in the traditionally fed group and that the difference was statistically significant (p = 0.03). Social change benefits related to the project include improved family bonding, improved neurosensory development of infants, and a reduction in healthcare costs as a result of a shortened length of stay. The findings of this project demonstrated that by using the readiness-to-feed protocol, neonatal intensive care nurses can decrease lengths of stay and costs of hospitalization while reducing adverse effects of traditional care on infant development and bonding.

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Gonzáles, Osores Gabriela, and Vásquez Caicedo Sonia Lizbeth Leyva. "Adaptación de la prueba Rossetti Infant - Toddler Language Scale para evaluar la comunicación y el juego en niños de 24 a 36 meses en instituciones educativas públicas y privadas de los distritos de Lince, Pueblo Libre, San Miguel, Magdalena y Jesús María." Master's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2012. http://tesis.pucp.edu.pe/repositorio/handle/123456789/1643.

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La presente investigación corresponde al proceso de adaptación de la prueba Rossetti Infant Toddler Language Scale que constituye un instrumento válido y confiable para la evaluación de las competencias lingüísticas y juego en niños pequeños, evaluando las áreas: de gesto, juego, lenguaje comprensivo y lenguaje expresivo. La información del trabajo proporciona datos basados en la adaptación de esta prueba a una muestra de 242 niños de ambos sexos entre 24 a 36 meses de edad. Cabe mencionar, que para la validez de la prueba se realizó la validez de contenido a través del criterio de jueces siendo los resultados procesados a través del estadístico de Aiken. Asimismo, se estudió la validez factorial mediante un análisis factorial exploratorio. Por otro lado, el análisis de la confiabilidad se obtuvo a través del Coeficiente Alfa de Cronbach. Finalmente se proporciona las puntuaciones medias y desviaciones típicas para las diferentes partes de la prueba, así como datos sobre los baremos de acuerdo a rangos percentiles para los infantes de Lima Metropolitana agrupados por edades. Palabras claves: Competencias lingüísticas, adaptación, lenguaje comprensivo, lenguaje expresivo, Rossetti.
Tesis

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Johansson, Joel. "Test av spädbarns nyhetspreferens med ögonrörelsemätare." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för datavetenskap, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-68949.

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Fagan Test of Infant Intelligence (Ftii) är ett parjämförelsetest som mäter spädbarns intresse för ett nytt visuellt stimuli när detta presenteras tillsammans med ett stimuli redan känt för spädbarnet, kallat nyhetspreferens. Även om Ftii har visat sig fungera väl vid bedömning av spädbarns kognitiva nivå kan testet förbättras på ett antal punkter. För att uppnå reliabla resultat har försökspersonerna ofta testats vid ett flertal tillfällen. För att undersöka möjligheterna att ytterligare validera erhållna resultat från Ftii har en version av Ftii skapats för att utföras med en ögonrörelsemätare. Denna version, kallad Ftii-Ö, har testats med hjälp av en spädbarnsgrupp och en vuxengrupp för att på så sätt utvärdera för och nackdelar med ett test utfört på ögonrörelsemätare. Resultaten från studien visar att spädbarnsgruppen uppvisar nyhetspreferens i de båda testen, och att Ftii-Ö för spädbarnsgruppen ger liknande resultat som Ftii.

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Cawthorn, Donna-Maree. "Detection, identification and live/dead differentiation of the emerging pathogen Enterobacter sakazakii from infant formula milk and the processing environment." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/21603.

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Thesis (MSc)--University of Stellenbosch, 2007.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The World Health Organisation (WHO) estimates that at least 75% of infants receive infant formula milk (IFM) either entirely or in conjunction with breast milk during the first four months after birth. The presence of the emerging pathogen Enterobacter sakazakii in IFM has been associated with rare but fatal cases of neonatal infections and deaths. There is thus a need for accurate methods for the rapid detection of E. sakazakii in foods. At present, the methods used to detect and identify this micro-organism are inadequate, controversial and contradictory. The aim of this study was to determine the most suitable method for E. sakazakii detection after evaluation of the currently available methods. A further aim was to optimise a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method for the detection of only viable E. sakazakii cells utilising the DNA-intercalating dyes ethidium monoazide (EMA) and propidium monoazide (PMA). The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) method for E. sakazakii detection was utilised to select 50 isolates from IFM and 14 from the environment, regardless of colony appearance. These isolates were identified by sequencing a 1.5 kilobase (kb) fragment of the 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) and by using the National Centre for Biotechnological Information (NCBI) database to confirm the closet known relatives. Seven of the 50 (14%) IFM isolates and six of the 14 (43%) environmental isolates were identified as E. sakazakii. The methods that were evaluated for accuracy in detecting and identifying these E. sakazakii isolates included yellow pigment production on tryptone soy agar (TSA), chromogenic Druggan-Forsythe-Iversen (DFI) and Enterobacter sakazakii (ES) agars and PCR using six different species-specific primer pairs described in the literature. The suitability of the FDA method was lowered by the low sensitivity, specificity and accuracy (87%, 71% and 74%, respectively) of using yellow pigment production for E. sakazakii identification. DFI and ES agars were shown to be sensitive, specific and accurate (100%, 98% and 98%, respectively) for the detection of E. sakazakii. The specificity of the PCR amplifications was found to vary between 8% and 92%, with Esakf and Esakr being the most accurate of the primer pairs evaluated. The current FDA method for E. sakazakii detection requires revision in the light of the availability of more sensitive, specific and accurate detection methods. Based on the results obtained in this study, a new method is proposed for the detection of E. sakazakii in food and environmental samples. This proposed method replaces the culturing steps on violet red bile glucose agar (VRBGA) and TSA with culturing on chromogenic DFI or ES agar. For identification and confirmation of presumptive E. sakazakii isolates, the oxidase test, yellow pigment production and API biochemical profiling is replaced by DNA sequencing and/or species-specific PCR with the most accurate primer pair (Esakf and Esakr). The amendments to the current FDA method will reduce the time to detect E. sakazakii from approximately 7 days to 4 days and should prove to be more sensitive, specific and accurate for E. sakazakii detection. In this study, a novel PCR-based method was developed which was shown to be capable of discriminating between viable and dead E. sakazakii cells. This was achieved utilising the irreversible binding of bacterial DNA to photo-activated PMA or EMA in order to prevent PCR amplification from the dead cells. At concentrations of 50 and 100 μg.ml-1, PMA completely inhibited PCR amplification from dead cells, while causing no significant inhibition of the PCR amplification from viable cells. EMA was equally effective in preventing PCR amplification from dead cells, however, it also inhibited PCR amplification from viable cells. PMA-PCR in particular, will be useful for assessing the efficacy of processing techniques, as well as for monitoring the resistance, survival strategies and stress responses of E. sakazakii. This will be an important step in the efforts to eliminate E. sakazakii from food and food production environments.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die Wêreld Gesondheidsorganisasie (WGO) beraam dat ten minste 75% van alle babas net baba formule melk (BFM) of BFM in kombinasie met moedersmelk in die eerste vier maande na geboorte kry. Die teenwoordigheid van die voortkomende patogeen Enterobacter sakazakii in BFM is al geassosieer met skaars maar noodlottige gevalle van neonatale infeksies en sterftes. Akkurate metodes word dus benodig vir die vinnige deteksie van E. sakazakii in voedsel. Die metodes wat huidiglik gebruik word vir die deteksie en identifikasie van hierdie mikroörganisme is onvoldoende, kontroversieël en teenstrydig. Die doel van hierdie studie was om die beste metode vir die deteksie van E. sakazakii te bepaal, na 'n evaluasie van die metodes wat huidiglik beskikbaar is. 'n Verdere doel was om 'n polimerase ketting reaksie (PKR) metode vir die deteksie van slegs lewensvatbare E. sakazakii selle te optimiseer deur gebruik te maak van die DNSbindende kleurstowwe, etidium mono-asied (EMA) en propidium mono-asied (PMA). Die Voedsel en Medisyne Administrasie (VMA) se metode vir E. sakazakii deteksie is gebruik om, ongeag van die kolonie kleur, 50 isolate vanuit BFM en 14 isolate vanuit die omgewing te kies. Hierdie isolate is geïdentifiseer deur die DNS volgorde van 'n 1.5 kilo-basis (kb) fragment van die 16S ribosomale DNS (rDNS) te bepaal en die Nationale Sentrum vir Biotegnologiese Informasie (NSBI) databasis te gebruik om die mees verwante spesie te bevestig. Sewe van die 50 (14%) BFM isolate en ses van die 14 (43%) omgewings isolate is geïdentifiseer as E. sakazakii. Die metodes wat geëvalueer is in terme van akkuraatheid vir deteksie en identifikasie van hierdie E. sakazakii isolate het PKR met ses verskillende spesie-spesifieke peiler pare soos beskryf in die literatuur, geel-pigment produksie op triptoon soja agar (TSA) en chromogeniese Druggan-Forsythe-Iversen (DFI) en Enterobacter sakazakii (ES) agars ingesluit. Die geskiktheid van die VMA metode is verlaag deur die lae sensitiwiteit, spesifisiteit en akkuraatheid (87%, 71% en 74% onderskeidelik) van geel pigment produksie vir E. sakazakii identifikasie. Chromogeniese DFI en ES agars was sensitief, spesifiek en akkuraat (100%, 98% en 98% onderskeidelik) vir die identifikasie van E. sakazakii. Die spesifisiteit van die PKR produkte het gewissel tussen 8% en 92%, en Esakf en Esakr is as die akkuraatste geëvalueerde peiler paar geidentifiseer. Die huidige VMA metode vir E. sakazakii deteksie vereis hersiening aangesien meer sensitiewe, spesifieke en akkurate deteksiemetodes voortdurend beskikbaar word. 'n Nuwe metode, gebaseer op die resultate van hierdie studie, word voorgestel vir die deteksie van E. sakazakii in voedsel- en omgewingsmonsters. Die voorgestelde metode vervang die kwekingsstap op violet rooi gal glukose agar (VRGGA) en TSA deur kweking op chromogeniese DFI of ES agars. Verder word die oksidase toets, geel pigment produksie en API biochemiese profiele van vermoeidelike E. sakazakii isolate vervang deur DNS volgorde bepaling en/of spesie-spesifieke PKR met die mees spesifieke peiler paar (Esakf and Esakf) vir die identifikasie en bevestiging van E. sakazakii. Die voorgestelde wysigings van die VMA metode sal die tydsduur van E. sakazakii identifikasie van 7 dae na 4 dae verminder, en behoort ook meer sensitief, spesifiek en akkuraat te wees vir die deteksie van E. sakazakii. 'n Nuwe PKR-gebaseerde metode wat tussen lewensvatbare en dooie E. sakazakii selle kan onderskei is in hierdie studie ontwikkel. Dit is bereik deur die onomkeerbare binding van bakteriële DNS aan lig-geaktiveerde EMA of PMA om die PKR amplifisering van dooie selle te voorkom. Konsentrasies van 50 en 100 μg.ml-1 PMA het PKR amplifikasie heeltemal geïnhibeer, terwyl geen inhibisie van lewensvatbare selle bespeur kon word nie. EMA was ook suksesvol in die voorkoming van die PKR amplifikasie van dooie selle, alhoewel daar ook 'n mate van DNS inhibisie was tydens die amplifikasie van lewensvatbare selle. PMA-PKR kan ook van nut wees vir die assessering van die doeltreffendheid van prosesseringstegnieke, en ook vir die waarneming van die weerstandigheid, oorlewingsstrategieë en stresresponse van E. sakazakii. Dit sal 'n belangrike stap wees in pogings om E. sakazakii van voedsel en voedsel produksieomgewings te elimineer.

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Cetin-Karaca, Hayriye. "ANTIMICROBIAL EFFICACY OF NATURAL BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS AND HIGH PRESSURE PROCESSING AGAINST POTENTIAL PATHOGENS IN INFANT FOODS." UKnowledge, 2015. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/animalsci_etds/57.

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This study investigated the antimicrobial efficacy of bioactive plant compounds along with high pressure processing (HPP) against pathogens Bacillus cereus and Cronobacter sakazakii in infant formula and infant rice cereal. The influence of these applications on antimicrobial activity, shelf-life and sensory attributes of infant foods were examined. Trans-cinnamaldehyde (TC), (-)-Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and [10]-Gingerol (GI) were incorporated (0.05%) in infant rice cereal reconstituted with infant formula. The cereal was inoculated with either B. cereus (ATCC 14579) or B. cereus spores (107-108 log CFU g-1). All the samples were stored at 7, 23 or 37°C for 0, 4, 8 and 24 h. TC showed the highest antimicrobial activity by inhibiting the B. cereus and its spores up to 2.72 and 3.8 log CFU g-1, respectively. HPP (600 MPa for 5 m), and TC (0.05-0.1%) along with Chitosan (CH) (1%), were applied to reconstituted powder infant formula which was inoculated with either 3 strains of C. sakazakii (ATCC 29544, ATCC 12868, and ATCC BAA 894) or 5 strains of B. cereus spore (ATCC 14579, ATCC 33018, ATCC 12826, ATCC 4342, and Difco Spores) cocktail (107-108 log CFU ml-1). All the samples were stored at 7, 23 or 45°C for 5-8 weeks. HPP and TC (0.1%) combination exhibited the highest inhibition (P < 0.05) by reducing the B. cereus spores 2.97 log CFU ml-1 after 7 d. C. sakazakii was fully inactivated by HPP, TC (0.05%) and C (1%) combination following 8 weeks of storage at 7 and 23°C and 2 weeks storage at 45°C. The combination of HPP and bioactive compounds exhibited additive antimicrobial effect. Gradual decrease (P < 0.05) in pH was observed in rice cereal and non-HPP formula samples due to the microbial growth and metabolic activity. Significant differences (P < 0.05) were found in color, aroma and general appearance of EGCG and GI applied cereal samples, while TC only did exhibit a cinnamon taste. In summary, the antimicrobial findings suggest that TC, EGCG, GI and CH could be incorporated in infant foods along with HPP as natural and safe alternatives to synthetic preservatives and thermal applications.

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Alakortes, J. (Jaana). "Social-emotional and behavioral development problems in 1 to 2-year-old children in Northern Finland:reports of mothers, fathers and healthcare professionals." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2018. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526219820.

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Abstract Background and aims: Growing evidence supports the existence of clinically significant problems in social-emotional/behavioral (SEB) development among infants and toddlers and the importance of early identification of these problems. There is a lack of research on the occurrence and identification of problems in the SEB domain among the Finnish general population of 1 to 2-year-old children. The present study examined these important issues. Given the dearth of earlier research knowledge, particular emphasis was focused on analyzing possible moderating effects of the assessed child’s and informant’s gender on the results. Subjects and methods: Oulu toddler (N = 208, age 18 months), Oulu infant (N = 227, age 12 months), and Oulu Province (N = 1008, age 12 months) samples were collected during 2008–2013 in collaboration with child health centers. Both mothers and fathers completed questionnaires assessing their child´s SEB development (e.g. the Brief Infant-Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment; Briggs-Gowan & Carter, 2006) and the family’s sociodemographic characteristics. Child healthcare nurse (CHCN) worry reports concerning the children’s development and family well-being were also gathered. Main results and conclusions: In parental ratings, girls obtained higher SEB competence scores than boys, whereas boys got higher SEB problem scores than girls, particularly among the toddler sample. Thus, boys may have an elevated risk of parent-reported problem behaviors and delays in SEB competences even before the age of 2 years. Compared to fathers, mothers were prone to rate the toddlers higher in both SEB competences and problems, especially with regard to externalizing behavior problems and problems in boys. Elevated interparental rating differences were associated with relatively elevated maternal parenting stress. Therefore, it is recommended to gather data on young children’s SEB development from both parents when possible and to focus clinical attention on the issue if the parental reports differ significantly. Parents and CHCNs seldom recognized SEB problems and delays in competency as problematical in 1-year-old infants, even in the case of infants who were screened to be in the of-concern range on the age-appropriate measure of SEB development. Thus, further efforts are needed for developing the identification of early problems in SEB development by both parents and preventive child healthcare professionals in Finland
Tiivistelmä Tausta ja tavoitteet: Kasvava näyttö tukee käsitystä, että kliinisesti merkittäviä sosioemotionaalisen ja käyttäytymisen (SEK) kehityksen ongelmia esiintyy jo vauva- ja taaperoikäisillä ja että näiden ongelmien varhainen tunnistaminen on tärkeää. SEK-kehityksen ongelmien esiintymisestä ja tunnistamisesta 1–2-vuotaiden väestössä Suomessa puuttuu tutkimustietoa. Tämä tutkimus arvioi näitä tärkeitä aiheita. Tutkimuksessa huomioitiin erityisesti sekä tutkittavan lapsen että arvioitsijan sukupuolen mahdollinen moderoiva vaikutus tuloksiin, koska aiempaa tutkimustietoa tästä näkökulmasta on vähän. Tutkittavat ja menetelmät: Oulu taapero (N = 208, ikä 18 kk), Oulu vauva (N = 227, ikä 12 kk) ja Oulun lääni (N = 1008, ikä 12 kk) -aineistot kerättiin vuosina 2008–2013 yhteistyössä lastenneuvoloiden kanssa. Sekä äidit että isät täyttivät lomakkeet, jotka arvioivat lapsen SEK-kehitystä (mm. the Brief Infant-Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment; Briggs-Gowan & Carter, 2006) ja perheen sosiodemografisia taustatekijöitä. Myös terveydenhoitajan raportit lapsen kehitykseen ja perheen hyvinvointiin liittyvistä huolista kerättiin. Päätulokset ja johtopäätökset: Vanhempien arvioimina tytöt saivat korkeampia pistemääriä SEK-taidoissa kuin pojat, kun taas pojat saivat korkeampia pistemääriä SEK-ongelmissa kuin tytöt, etenkin taaperoaineistossa. Pojilla saattaakin olla kohonnut riski vanhempien raportoimille käytösongelmille ja SEK-kehityksen viiveille jopa ennen 2 vuoden ikää. Isiin verrattuina äidit olivat taipuvaisia antamaan korkeampia pisteitä sekä SEK-taito- että -ongelmaosioissa taaperoikäisten aineistossa, etenkin koskien ulospäin suuntautuvia käytösongelmia ja poikien ongelmia. Suurentuneet eroavaisuudet vanhempien antamissa arvioissa olivat yhteydessä suhteellisesti kohonneeseen vanhemmuuden stressiin äideillä. Onkin suositeltavaa kerätä tietoa pienen lapsen SEK-kehityksestä kummaltakin vanhemmalta, jos mahdollista, ja kiinnittää kliinistä huomiota asiaan, jos vanhempien antamat tiedot eriävät merkittävästi. Vanhemmat ja terveydenhoitajat tunnistivat SEK-ongelmia ja taitojen puutteita harvoin huolenaiheiksi 1-vuotiailla, vaikka nämä vauvat olisivat seuloutuneet huolialueelle ikätasoon soveltuvalla SEK-kehityksen mittarilla. Tarvitaankin lisätoimia, jotta vanhemmat ja terveydenhuollon ammattilaiset oppivat paremmin tunnistamaan varhaisia SEK-kehityksen ongelmia Suomessa

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Birse, Jason. "Pilot testing of the modified Hammersmith infant neurological assessment a dissertation [thesis] submitted to Auckland University of Technology in partial fulfillment of the degree of Bachelor of Health Science (Honours), 2004." Full thesis. Abstract, 2004.

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"We Observe, We Reflect, We Research: Data-Driven, Job-Embedded Science Professional Development with Early Head Start Teachers." Doctoral diss., 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.53652.

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abstract: The purpose of this action research was to understand how reflective, job-embedded early childhood science professional learning and development (PLD) impacted Early Head Start (EHS) teacher learning and their perceptions toward science with toddlers. Limited content knowledge and lack of formal preparation impact teachers’ understanding of developmentally appropriate science and their capacity to support children to develop science skills. In Arizona, limited availability of early childhood science coursework and no science-related PLD for toddler teachers showed the need for this project. Four literature themes were reviewed: teacher as researcher, how people learn, reflective PLD, and how young children develop scientific thinking skills. The participants were nine EHS teachers who worked at the same Head Start program in five different classrooms in Arizona. The innovation included early childhood science workshops, collaboration and reflecting meetings (CPRM), and electronic correspondence. These were job-embedded, meaning they related to the teachers’ day-to-day work with toddlers. Qualitative data were collected through CPRM transcripts, pre/post-project interviews, and researcher journal entries. Data were analyzed using constant comparative method and grounded theory through open, focused, and selective coding. Results showed that teachers learned about their pedagogy and the capacities of toddlers in their classrooms. Through reflective PLD meetings, teachers developed an understanding of toddlers’ abilities to engage with science. Teachers acquired and implemented teacher research skills and utilized the study of documentation to better understand children’s interests and abilities. They recognized the role of the teacher to provide open-ended materials and time. Moreover, teachers improved their comfort with science and enhanced their observational skills. The teachers then saw their role in supporting science as more active. The researcher concluded that the project helped address the problem of practice. Future research should consider job-embedded PLD as an important approach to supporting data-driven instructional practices and reflection about children’s capabilities and competencies. Keywords: action research, Arizona Early Childhood Workforce Knowledge and Competencies, Arizona’s Infant and Toddler Developmental Guidelines (ITDG), documentation, early childhood science, Early Head Start (EHS), Head Start Early Learning Outcomes Framework (ELOF), inquiry, job-embedded, pedagogy, professional development (PD), reflective professional development, teacher as researcher, teacher research, toddler science
Dissertation/Thesis
Doctoral Dissertation Leadership and Innovation 2019

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Chung, Tsai-ling, and 鍾采玲. "A Study of a Infant/ Toddler Day Care Center’s Service Model and It’s Influence on Infant/ Toddler Development." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/02759124161339334257.

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碩士
朝陽科技大學
幼兒保育系碩士班
101
This research have two main purposes. First, to know infants/ toddlers’ porformance at the institutional day care center by developmental assessment tools. Second, to discuss whether the development conditions of infants/ toddlers at the institutional day care center are better than those who at other service model. Our focus samples are at a private day care center located in Taichung City and the others are located at researcher’s neighborhood. The subjects total 44 infants/ toddlers. We use observation as our major way to collect data, and adopt quasi-experimental design as our methed. The tool we use is “The Portage Guide to Early Intervention” . The data was analyzed by SPSS/ PC18.0. The results of the research are followed: 1.Infants/ toddlers at the institutional day care center of the development performance. (1)The average frequency of success on the items of all the subscales showed that the third sessions are higher than the second sessions and first sessions. (2)The average frequency of success on the items of all the subscales showed that the girls are higher than boys. Only in motor development subscales P1 that boys are higher than girls. (3)The average frequency of success on the items of all the subscales showed that the older children are higher than younger children. 2.The difference of the developmental performance between our focus samples and other samples. (1)The treatment group’s performance were significant higher than the contrast group’s performance on motor development subscales, social competence development subscales and self-care development subscales. (2)Both treatment group and contrast group have higher performance third sessions than first sessions on motor development subscales, cognitive development subscales, social competence development subscales, language ability development subscales and self-care development subscales. (3)Interaction among groups and sessions. a.For main effects, on groups significance could be found on motor development subscales, social competence development subscales and self-care development subscales. We use LSD to know that treatment groups significance higher than contrast groups. b.For main effects, on sessions significance could be found on motor development subscales, cognitive development subscales, social competence development subscales, language ability development subscales and self-care development subscales. We use LSD to know that the third sessions are higher than the second sessions and first sessions. c.For interaction on groups and sessions significance could be found on motor development subscales, cognitive development subscales, social competence development subscales and self-care development subscales. The results show that the performance of the focus sample is better than the contrast groups in this research, especially on social competence development and self-care development.

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Chen, Yu Ting, and 陳育亭. "An Application Study of Infant Massage Practices in Hsinchu Infant/Toddler Centers." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/08398430787529597736.

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碩士
明新科技大學
服務事業管理研究所
99
The purpose of this research is to understand the status of infant massage practices in infant/toddler centers in Hsinchu. The subjects of this study are seven care providers with more than two- year massage experience and 3 parents from 6 centers. All of the care providers have received professional infant massage training. This research is based on the qualitative research method including literature review, collection of information, observation, and semi-structured interviews. This study reveals/discusses the following six aspects of baby massage: 1) The status of baby massage practiced in Infant/toddler caring centers in Hsinchu area; 2) The adoptive ways of applying baby massage in the Infant/toddler caring centers; 3) The interactions between babies and care-providers; 4) The benefits of practicing massage in infant/toddler centers; 5) Care providers’ views on baby massage; 6) Parents’ views on baby massage. In conclusion, suggestions to 1) infant/toddler centers: Improve parenting education to encourage parents practicing baby massage; 2) care-providers: implement the diversified baby massage methods to maximize baby’s mental/development benefits; 3) parents: Improve parents’ awareness and willingness; 4) government/academic facilities: adapt the baby massage curriculum into pre-service baby sitter training and early childhood care and education programs; 5) further research focus: Use larger base (subjects,) study different massage programs, improve the day-care baby massage quality, and/or apply quantitative research method into this field.

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Chang, Yu-shao, and 張育韶. "An analyze of segmentation in infant/toddler apparel market." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/wh9yq5.

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碩士
國立臺灣科技大學
企業管理系
94
The development of infant and toddler apparel of nowadays are gradually blooming, also influenced and being paid more attention by the adult market. During the process of purchasing infant and toddler apparel, parents are the key decision maker to complete the transaction due to the inability of infant and toddlers’ to express their affinity. So what are the key factors to those parents ( consumer) to make the decision for purchasing infant and toddler apparel? Do the consumers with different background will make the different decision? With the study structure of hedonic price analysis and market segmentation, there are related information collected and processed with SPSS analysis.The conclusion indicated that product characters did influenced the decision of purchasing infant and toddler apparel and consumers with different background have demonstrated unlike demands. The conclusion is expected to provide an adequate information (key factors for consumer to purchase) for research and development department of related industry when organizing strategic plan for product design and market segmentations so as to obtain a profitable outcome from the high competitive market.

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Lu, Yi-Fang, and 盧怡方. "Time for Story: Infant and Toddler Groups’ Shared Reading Activities." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/04370882894230604231.

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碩士
國立新竹教育大學
幼兒教育學系碩士班
102
This research aimed to present infant and toddler group reading activities from within two reading associations holding different philosophies (typical reading and the dialogic reading), as well as to explore the implications of the storytellers using storytelling strategies, the reasons why they used these strategies, and the responses of participating infants and toddlers. The participants included the director of two reading associations, four storytellers, and six toddlers and their parents. Data collection comprised observations over a five-month period and interviews with all participants. The association emphasizing the typical reading style stressed the input of written language, and therefore, the storytellers chose picture books in which the text layout was repetitive, symmetrical, and variable. They intended to read aloud the original text word by word, read the same picture book repetitively, and create a situation where infants and toddlers could be helped to understand the story context. In this way, the infants and toddlers would learn the language by listening to stories. At the same time, the storytellers also changed their tones and voices, adjusted story paragraphs, and invited parents to help their children concentrate on the reading activities. Under such a type of reading environment, the oral responses of the infants and toddlers included speaking vocabulary learned from picture books they read in their daily life, following the storytellers in speaking the last words of the text, and speaking vocabulary words related to the picture books. The nonverbal responses of infants and toddlers included making actions relevant to the picture books, tracing the pictures in the books with their eyes, and making movements by imitating the storytellers’ actions. By contrast, the association emphasizing dialogic reading style highlighted reading comprehension. Therefore, in order to enhance reading comprehension among infants and toddlers, the storytellers tended to read the stories by illustrating the pictures presented in the books and asking questions to promote discussion based on cues from the pictures. Because of the constraints presented by the children’s development characteristics and external environmental factors, the responses of the infants and toddlers included describing events associated with the stories, focusing on the picture books, approaching the books and pointing to the pictures, and walking around with the books. The following conclusions were reached: (1) the different story-reading philosophies between the two associations led to distinctive group reading activities among infants and toddlers. (2) The various responses of the infants and toddlers to the reading activities revealed the significance of early shared reading. (3) The qualitative data showed the unique features of infants and toddlers’ group reading activities. Based on the findings, the study provided recommendations to parents and practitioners, as well as stated future research directions.

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TZENG, YI-HSUEN, and 曾怡瑄. "A Study Of Birth to Three Infant-Toddler Checklist On Pragmatic Development in ChineseA Study Of Birth to Three Infant-Toddler Checklist On Pragmatic Development in Chinese." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/40869736931958832039.

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碩士
臺北市立師範學院
身心障礙教育研究所
93
Due to the deficiency of the language assessment tools for birth to three infant-toddlers in Taiwan, the purpose of this study was to design a checklist with high validity and reliability to measure pragmatic development based on care-givers’ interview. The protocol was structurally interviewed with sixty care-givers who raise birth to three infant-toddlers. The major findings of this study were summarized as following : 1. The kappa coefficient was .90 and above. The results indicate that the checklist exists high inter-scorer reliability. The Kuder-Richardson reliability was between .46 and .82 in the different age group. It shows that the checklist has high internal consistency. 2. Regarding the validity, the item content of each age group was consistent with the related assessment tools across English and Chinese language. 3. The researcher rearranged the item sequence on the basis of the results of Q test, and the analysis of difficulty level and discrimination index in each age group. The items in each age group were revised and modified after the scientific test of reliability, validity and item analysis. The complete kit, including test manual, checklist, and recording sheet were developed based on the major findings of this study . Also, the infant-todders language developmental milestone on pragmatics was established in Chinese language.

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Yang, Chien-Ying, and 楊千瑩. "Psychometric properties of the Chinese Version of the Infant/Toddler Sensory Profile." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/10819287752686458526.

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碩士
國立臺灣大學
職能治療研究所
97
Objectives: The aim of the study was to develop a Chinese version of the Infant Toddler Sensory Profile (ITSP-C) and investigate its psychometric properties when used in Taiwanese children. Methods: First, the ITSP was translated and cross-culturally adapted into Chinese, including subscales for children ages 0-6 months and 7-36 months. The participants consisted of three cohorts: 367 typically developing infants ages 0 to 6 months (mean age = 3.44 months, SD = 1.82), 677 toddlers ages 7 to 36 months (mean age = 22.33 months, SD = 8.15), and 43 children with developmental disabilities, including developmental delays and Autism (mean age = 28.4 months, SD = 6.7). Parents of all the children completed the ITSP-C. Internal consistency was determined using all the typically developing infants and toddlers. Test-retest reliability was examined using 30 children with developmental disabilities (mean age = 30.23 months, SD = 5.78) in a 2-3 week interval. Construct validity was examined using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to assess if the four-factor model of the original ITSP was applicable to Taiwanese data. To verify discriminative validity, the ITSP-C scores of the children with developmental disabilities were compared with those of the normally developing children using logistic regression analysis. Results: Internal consistency was poor to acceptable for children ages birth to 6 months (Cronbach’s α = 0.42-0.75), and acceptable to good for children ages 7 to 36 months (Cronbach’s α = 0.53-0.87). For the 7 to 36 month subscale, test-retest reliability was good for the total scores (ICC = 0.94), and acceptable to good for each section and each quadrant scores (ICC = 0.69-0.91), except the visual processing section scores (ICC = 0.56). The results of the CFA provided support for a four-factor model both for the 0-6 months subscale (RMSEA = 0.05, SRMR = 0.08, CFI = 0.93 and NNFI = 0.92) and the 7-36 months subscale (RMSEA = 0.04, SRMR = 0.06, CFI = 0.95 and NNFI = 0.94). Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that the ITSP-C were able to discriminate between children with developmental disabilities and normally developing children. Conclusions: The results of the present study supported the preliminary psychometric properties of the ITSP-C. That is, the ITSP-C has acceptable reliability and validity when used in Taiwanese children. However, only the test-retest reliability and discriminant validity of the 7-36 month scale assessed for children in this age range were most often referred to clinics in Taiwan. Thus, additional studies are needed to examine the test-retest reliability and discriminant validity of the 0-6 month subscale in order to establish its utility in both clinical and research settings.

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Johnson, Kristin Michelle. "A Longitudinal Investigation of Infant Gesture Use and Parent Speech: Unique and Dynamic Influences on Infant Vocabulary Acquisition." Diss., 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10161/12833.

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How do infants learn word meanings? Research has established the impact of both parent and child behaviors on vocabulary development, however the processes and mechanisms underlying these relationships are still not fully understood. Much existing literature focuses on direct paths to word learning, demonstrating that parent speech and child gesture use are powerful predictors of later vocabulary. However, an additional body of research indicates that these relationships don’t always replicate, particularly when assessed in different populations, contexts, or developmental periods.

The current study examines the relationships between infant gesture, parent speech, and infant vocabulary over the course of the second year (10-22 months of age). Through the use of detailed coding of dyadic mother-child play interactions and a combination of quantitative and qualitative data analytic methods, the process of communicative development was explored. Findings reveal non-linear patterns of growth in both parent speech content and child gesture use. Analyses of contingency in dyadic interactions reveal that children are active contributors to communicative engagement through their use of gestures, shaping the type of input they receive from parents, which in turn influences child vocabulary acquisition. Recommendations for future studies and the use of nuanced methodologies to assess changes in the dynamic system of dyadic communication are discussed.

Dissertation

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"Maternal Intrusiveness and Infant Affect: Transactional Relations and Effects on Toddler Internalizing Problems." Master's thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.26827.

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abstract: Maternal intrusiveness is an important predictor of child mental health problems. Evidence links high levels of maternal intrusiveness to later infant negativity, and child internalizing problems. However, children also influence the manner in which parents interact with them. For example, infants that show more negative emotionality elicit less positive parenting in their caregivers. Infant affect is also associated with later child internalizing difficulties. Although previous research has demonstrated that maternal intrusiveness is related to infant affect and child internalizing symptomatology, and that infant affect is a predictor of internalizing problems and parenting, no studies have looked at the transactional relations between early maternal intrusiveness and infant affect, and whether these relations in infancy predict later childhood internalizing symptomatology. The present study investigates young children's risk for internalizing problems as a function of the interplay between maternal intrusiveness and infant affect during the early infancy period in a low-income, Mexican-American sample. Participants included 323 Mexican-American women and their infants. Data were collected when the infants were 12, 18, 24, and 52 weeks old. Mothers were asked to interact with their infants in semi-structured tasks, and mother and infant behaviors were coded at 12, 18, and 24 weeks. Maternal intrusiveness was globally rated, and duration of infant negative- and positive affect was recorded. Mother reports of child Internalizing symptomatology were obtained at 52 weeks. Findings suggest that there are transactional relations between early maternal intrusiveness and infant negative affect, while the relations between infant positive affect and maternal intrusiveness are unidirectional, in that infant positivity influences parenting but not vice versa. Further, findings also imply that neither maternal intrusiveness, nor infant affect, influence later toddler internalizing symptomatology. Identifying risk processes in a Mexican-American sample adds to our understanding of emerging infant difficulties in this population, and may have implications for early interventions.
Dissertation/Thesis
Masters Thesis Psychology 2014

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KAO, CHING-YING, and 高晶瑩. "A Study of Job Stress and Satisfaction in Infant Caregivers of New Taipei City Municipal Infant and Toddler Care Centers." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/mqnm25.

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碩士
國立臺北護理健康大學
嬰幼兒保育研究所
105
This study was mainly to investigate the job stress and satisfaction of the infant caregivers in New Taipei City municipal infant and toddler care centers, and to further explore the relationship among background factors, job stress and satisfaction. The research tool is a researcher self developed questionnaire on the job stress and satisfaction of the infant caregivers. Subjects of the research were 550 infant caregivers from 45 New Tiapei City municipal infant care centers. A survey self-structured questionnaire collected by mail. 541 valid questionnaires were returned (98%). Data collected were analyzed with IBM SPSS 20.0 for windows. Descriptive statistics, independent sample t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient and stepwise multiple regression analysis are applied, and the results of the statistical analyses are as follow: I.The job stress of the infant caregivers in New Taipei City municipal infant and toddler care centers was between "no stress" and "a little stress", with the average score 1.92. Among the degree of "teaching work stress " is the highest, and the "interpersonal relationships stress " is the lowest. II.The job satisfaction of the infant caregivers in New Taipei City municipal infant and toddler care centers were between "partly agree" and "totally agree", with the average score 2.68. Among them, the degree of "personal satisfaction" is the highest, and the "welfare of job satisfaction" is the lowest. III.The degrees of job stress for infant caregivers in New Taipei City municipal infant and toddler care centers were significantly different due to age, marital status, children's current situation, educational background, class status, weekly working hours, monthly salary. IV.The degrees of job satisfaction for infant caregivers in New Taipei City municipal infant and toddler care centers were significantly different due to the past years of work, service area, current work year, class status, weekly working hours. V.The job satisfaction of the infant caregivers in New Taipei City municipal infant and toddler care centers will be affected by the job stress, the overall interpretation of variability of 21.3%. According to the above findings, recommendations were given to the New Taiepi City government as well as central government.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Infant and toddler science'

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