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Journal articles on the topic 'Infant brain'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 20 April 2024

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1

Endevelt-Shapira, Yaara, and Ruth Feldman. "Mother–Infant Brain-to-Brain Synchrony Patterns Reflect Caregiving Profiles." Biology 12, no. 2 (2023): 284. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology12020284.

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Biobehavioral synchrony, the coordination of physiological and behavioral signals between mother and infant during social contact, tunes the child’s brain to the social world. Probing this mechanism from a two-brain perspective, we examine the associations between patterns of mother–infant inter-brain synchrony and the two well-studied maternal behavioral orientations—sensitivity and intrusiveness—which have repeatedly been shown to predict positive and negative socio-emotional outcomes, respectively. Using dual-electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings, we measure inter-brain connectivity between

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Bader, Lisa. "Brain-Oriented Care in the NICU: A Case Study." Neonatal Network 33, no. 5 (2014): 263–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0730-0832.33.5.263.

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With the advances of technology and treatment in the field of neonatal care, researchers can now study how the brains of preterm infants are different from full-term infants. The differences are significant, and the outcomes are poor overall for premature infants as a whole. Caregivers at the bedside must know that every interaction with the preterm infant affects brain development—it is critical to the developmental outcome of the infant. The idea of neuroprotection is not new to the medical field but is a fairly new idea to the NICU. Neuroprotection encompasses all interventions that promote

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DAWSON, GERALDINE, KARIN FREY, JOANNA SELF, et al. "Frontal brain electrical activity in infants of depressed and nondepressed mothers: Relation to variations in infant behavior." Development and Psychopathology 11, no. 3 (1999): 589–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579499002229.

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In previous studies, infants of depressed mothers have been found to exhibit reduced left frontal brain electrical activity (EEG). The left frontal region has been hypothesized to mediate social approach behaviors and positive affective expression. These findings raise important questions about the cause and nature of atypical EEG patterns in infants of depressed mothers. The present study begins to address some of these questions by examining whether or not variations in patterns of frontal brain activity in infants of depressed and nondepressed mothers are related to variations in infant beh

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Su, Miya, Arvind K. Subbaraj, Karl Fraser, et al. "Lipidomics of Brain Tissues in Rats Fed Human Milk from Chinese Mothers or Commercial Infant Formula." Metabolites 9, no. 11 (2019): 253. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo9110253.

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Holistic benefits of human milk to infants, particularly brain development and cognitive behavior, have stipulated that infant formula be tailored in composition like human milk. However, the composition of human milk, especially lipids, and their effects on brain development is complex and not fully elucidated. We evaluated brain lipidome profiles in weanling rats fed human milk or infant formula using non-targeted UHPLC-MS techniques. We also compared the lipid composition of human milk and infant formula using conventional GC-FID and HPLC-ELSD techniques. The sphingomyelin class of lipids w

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Stark, Eloise A., Joana Cabral, Madelon M. E. Riem, Marinus H. Van IJzendoorn, Alan Stein, and Morten L. Kringelbach. "The Power of Smiling: The Adult Brain Networks Underlying Learned Infant Emotionality." Cerebral Cortex 30, no. 4 (2019): 2019–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhz219.

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Abstract The perception of infant emotionality, one aspect of temperament, starts to form in infancy, yet the underlying mechanisms of how infant emotionality affects adult neural dynamics remain unclear. We used a social reward task with probabilistic visual and auditory feedback (infant laughter or crying) to train 47 nulliparous women to perceive the emotional style of six different infants. Using functional neuroimaging, we subsequently measured brain activity while participants were tested on the learned emotionality of the six infants. We characterized the elicited patterns of dynamic fu

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King, Regan, Selma Low, Nancy Gee, et al. "Practical Stepwise Approach to Performing Neonatal Brain MR Imaging in the Research Setting." Children 10, no. 11 (2023): 1759. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children10111759.

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Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a non-invasive imaging technique that is commonly used for the visualization of newborn infant brains, both for clinical and research purposes. One of the main challenges with scanning newborn infants, particularly when scanning without sedation in a research setting, is movement. Infant movement can affect MR image quality and therewith reliable image assessment and advanced image analysis. Applying a systematic, stepwise approach to MR scanning during the neonatal period, including the use of the feed-and-bundle technique, is effective in reducing infant m

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Morton, Sarah U., Rutvi Vyas, Borjan Gagoski, et al. "Maternal Dietary Intake of Omega-3 Fatty Acids Correlates Positively with Regional Brain Volumes in 1-Month-Old Term Infants." Cerebral Cortex 30, no. 4 (2019): 2057–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhz222.

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Abstract Maternal nutrition is an important factor for infant neurodevelopment. However, prior magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies on maternal nutrients and infant brain have focused mostly on preterm infants or on few specific nutrients and few specific brain regions. We present a first study in term-born infants, comprehensively correlating 73 maternal nutrients with infant brain morphometry at the regional (61 regions) and voxel (over 300 000 voxel) levels. Both maternal nutrition intake diaries and infant MRI were collected at 1 month of life (0.9 ± 0.5 months) for 92 term-born infant

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Fillmore, Paul T., John E. Richards, Michelle C. Phillips-Meek, Alison Cryer, and Michael Stevens. "Stereotaxic Magnetic Resonance Imaging Brain Atlases for Infants from 3 to 12 Months." Developmental Neuroscience 37, no. 6 (2015): 515–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000438749.

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Background: Accurate labeling of brain structures within an individual or group is a key issue in neuroimaging. Methods for labeling infant brains have depended on the labels done on adult brains or average magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) templates based on adult brains. However, the features of adult brains differ in several ways from infant brains, so the creation of a labeled stereotaxic atlas based on infants would be helpful. The current work builds on the recent creation of age-appropriate average MRI templates during the first year (3, 4.5, 6, 7.5, 9, and 12 months) by creating anatomi

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Geyer, J. Russell. "Infant Brain Tumors." Neurosurgery Clinics of North America 3, no. 4 (1992): 781–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1042-3680(18)30626-0.

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Swain, James E., and S. Shaun Ho. "Baby smile response circuits of the parental brain." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 33, no. 6 (2010): 460–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x10001615.

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AbstractThe parent-infant dyad, characterized by contingent social interactions that develop over the first three months postpartum, may depend heavily on parental brain responses to the infant, including the capacity to smile. A range of brain regions may subserve this social key function in parents and contribute to similar capacities in normal infants, capacities that may go awry in circumstances of reduced care.

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Thomason, Moriah E., Jasmine Hect, Rebecca Waller, et al. "Prenatal neural origins of infant motor development: Associations between fetal brain and infant motor development." Development and Psychopathology 30, no. 3 (2018): 763–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095457941800072x.

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AbstractFunctional circuits of the human brain emerge and change dramatically over the second half of gestation. It is possible that variation in neural functional system connectivity in utero predicts individual differences in infant behavioral development, but this possibility has yet to be examined. The current study examines the association between fetal sensorimotor brain system functional connectivity and infant postnatal motor ability. Resting-state functional connectivity data was obtained in 96 healthy human fetuses during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy. Infant motor abi

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Dawson, Geraldine, Amber D. Rieder, and Mark H. Johnson. "A Developmental Social Neuroscience Perspective on Infant Autism Interventions." Annual Review of Developmental Psychology 5, no. 1 (2023): 89–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-devpsych-120621-042753.

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Research on early biomarkers and behavioral precursors of autism has led to interventions initiated during the infant period that could potentially change the course of infant brain and behavioral development in autism. This article integrates neuroscience and clinical perspectives to explore how knowledge of infant brain and behavioral development can inform the design of infant autism interventions. Focusing on infants ≤12 months, we review studies on behavioral precursors of autism and their neural correlates and clinical trials evaluating the efficacy of infant autism interventions. We the

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Raz, Gal, and Rebecca Saxe. "Learning in Infancy Is Active, Endogenously Motivated, and Depends on the Prefrontal Cortices." Annual Review of Developmental Psychology 2, no. 1 (2020): 247–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-devpsych-121318-084841.

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A common view of learning in infancy emphasizes the role of incidental sensory experiences from which increasingly abstract statistical regularities are extracted. In this view, infant brains initially support basic sensory and motor functions, followed by maturation of higher-level association cortex. Here, we critique this view and posit that, by contrast and more like adults, infants are active, endogenously motivated learners who structure their own learning through flexible selection of attentional targets and active interventions on their environment. We further argue that the infant bra

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Ramesh, Patil Vinodkumar, Jaware Tushar Hrishikesh, and Manisha S. Patil. "Infant’s MRI Brain Tissue Segmentation using Integrated CNN Feature Extractor and Random Forest." International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication 11, no. 1s (2023): 71–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/ijritcc.v11i1s.6002.

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Infant MRI brain soft tissue segmentation become more difficult task compare with adult MRI brain tissue segmentation, due to Infant’s brain have a very low Signal to noise ratio among the white matter_WM and the gray matter _GM. Due the fast improvement of the overall brain at this time , the overall shape and appearance of the brain differs significantly. Manual segmentation of anomalous tissues is time-consuming and unpleasant. Essential Feature extraction in traditional machine algorithm is based on experts, required prior knowledge and also system sensitivity has change. Recently, bio-med

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Schipper, Lidewij, Gertjan van Dijk, and Eline M. van der Beek. "Milk lipid composition and structure; The relevance for infant brain development." OCL 27 (2020): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/ocl/2020001.

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The neurocognitive development of infants can be positively associated with breastfeeding exclusivity and duration. Differences in dietary lipid quality between human milk and infant milk formula may contribute to this effect. In this review, we describe some of the known differences between human milk and infant milk formula in lipid quality, including fatty acid composition, complex lipids in the milk fat globule membrane as well as the physical properties of lipids and lipid globules. We describe some of the underlying mechanism by which these aspects of lipid quality are thought to modulat

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Wilson, Roneé E., Hamisu M. Salihu, Maureen W. Groer, Getachew Dagne, Kathleen O’Rourke, and Alfred K. Mbah. "Impact of Maternal Thyroperoxidase Status on Fetal Body and Brain Size." Journal of Thyroid Research 2014 (2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/872410.

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The obstetric consequences of abnormal thyroid function during pregnancy have been established. Less understood is the influence of maternal thyroid autoantibodies on infant outcomes. The objective of this study was to examine the influence of maternal thyroperoxidase (TPO) status on fetal/infant brain and body growth. Six-hundred thirty-one (631) euthyroid pregnant women were recruited from prenatal clinics in Tampa Bay, Florida, and the surrounding area between November 2007 and December 2010. TPO status was determined during pregnancy and fetal/infant brain and body growth variables were as

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Alghamdi, Norah Saleh, Fatma Taher, Heba Kandil, et al. "Segmentation of Infant Brain Using Nonnegative Matrix Factorization." Applied Sciences 12, no. 11 (2022): 5377. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12115377.

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This study develops an atlas-based automated framework for segmenting infants’ brains from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). For the accurate segmentation of different structures of an infant’s brain at the isointense age (6–12 months), our framework integrates features of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) (e.g., the fractional anisotropy (FA)). A brain diffusion tensor (DT) image and its region map are considered samples of a Markov–Gibbs random field (MGRF) that jointly models visual appearance, shape, and spatial homogeneity of a goal structure. The visual appearance is modeled with an empiric

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Gunz, Philipp, Simon Neubauer, Dean Falk, et al. "Australopithecus afarensis endocasts suggest ape-like brain organization and prolonged brain growth." Science Advances 6, no. 14 (2020): eaaz4729. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aaz4729.

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Human brains are three times larger, are organized differently, and mature for a longer period of time than those of our closest living relatives, the chimpanzees. Together, these characteristics are important for human cognition and social behavior, but their evolutionary origins remain unclear. To study brain growth and organization in the hominin species Australopithecus afarensis more than 3 million years ago, we scanned eight fossil crania using conventional and synchrotron computed tomography. We inferred key features of brain organization from endocranial imprints and explored the patte

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Berger, Paige, Catherine Monk, Ravi Bansal, et al. "Association of Prenatal Zinc Consumption With Newborn Brain Tissue Organization and Resting Cerebral Blood Flow." Current Developments in Nutrition 5, Supplement_2 (2021): 718. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzab046_015.

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Abstract Objectives Animal studies have shown that exposure to zinc in the prenatal and postnatal periods is essential for brain structure and functioning in rat pups. Yet, no human studies have examined whether zinc is associated with brain tissue microstructure and metabolism in infants, the basis for neurodevelopmental outcomes. The primary aim of this study was to determine associations of maternal zinc intake in pregnancy with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measures of brain tissue microstructure and resting cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in newborns. Our secondary aim was to examine associ

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Somantri, Budi. "Pengaruh Terapi Pijat Bayi Terhadap Kualitas Tidur Bayi Usia 1-12 Bulan di Puskesmas." Jurnal Keperawatan 'Aisyiyah 5, no. 1 (2019): 41–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.33867/jka.v5i1.65.

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Absract Infant mortality in Indonesia is usually caused due to a number of factors the basic needs of a infant that was not met well. One of the basic needs to sleep. Sleep will stimulate development of brain and body. A worse of quality sleep will impact to the growth of infant. One of the implementation that can improve quality of sleep thorough infantâ€™s massage therapy. The purpose of this study was to effect of infantâ€™s massage therapy to the quality of sleep at ages 1-12 months. The sampling technique used purposive. Total samples consisted of 30 subjects who were di

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Bjertrup, Anne, Nellie Friis, Mette Væver, and Kamilla Miskowiak. "Neurocognitive processing of infant stimuli in mothers and non-mothers: psychophysiological, cognitive and neuroimaging evidence." Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience 16, no. 4 (2021): 428–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsab002.

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Abstract Emerging evidence indicates that mothers and non-mothers show different neurocognitive responses to infant stimuli. This study investigated mothers’ psychophysiological, cognitive and neuronal responses to emotional infant stimuli. A total of 35 mothers with 4-month-old infants and 18 control women without young children underwent computerized tests assessing neurocognitive processing of infant stimuli. Their eye gazes and eye fixations, galvanic skin responses (GSRs) and facial expressions towards infant emotional stimuli were recorded during the tasks. Participants underwent functio

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FEFERBAUM, RUBENS, EDNA M. A. DINIZ, MARCELO VALENTE, et al. "Brain abscess by citrobacter diversus in infancy: case report." Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 58, no. 3A (2000): 736–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-282x2000000400023.

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Citrobacter diversus is closely related to brain abscess in newborn infants. We describe a case of brain abscess by this bacteria in a newborn infant and his clinical and cranial computed tomographic evaluation until the fourth month of life and discuss therapeutic management of this patient.

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Gilard, Vianney, Kévin Beccaria, John C. Hartley, et al. "Brain abscess in children, a two-centre audit: outcomes and controversies." Archives of Disease in Childhood 105, no. 3 (2019): 288–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2018-316730.

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ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to better characterise clinical presentation, management and outcome in infants and children with brain abscess.MethodsThe authors conducted a retrospective, multicentre study in two national reference centres over a 25-year period (1992–2017). During this period, 116 children and 28 infants (age <1 year) with brain abscess were treated.ResultsThe median age at diagnosis was 101.5 (range: 13–213) months in children and 1 (0–11) month in infants. Significant differences were observed between children and infants. The most common predisposing factor was meni

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Brown, Gemma. "NICU Noise and the Preterm Infant." Neonatal Network 28, no. 3 (2009): 165–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0730-0832.28.3.165.

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Premature infants in the NICU are often exposed to continuous loud noise despite research documenting the presence and damaging effects of noise on the preterm infant’s development. Excessive auditory stimulation creates negative physiologic responses such as apnea and fluctuations in heart rate, blood pressure, and oxygen saturation. Preterm infants exposed to prolonged excessive noise are also at increased risk for hearing loss, abnormal brain and sensory development, and speech and language problems. Reducing noise levels in the NICU can improve the physiologic stability of sick neonates an

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Fuhr, Tanja, Henning Reetz, and Carla Wegener. "Comparison of Supervised-learning Models for Infant Cry Classification / Vergleich von Klassifikationsmodellen zur Säuglingsschreianalyse." International Journal of Health Professions 2, no. 1 (2015): 4–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijhp-2015-0005.

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AbstractCries of infants can be seen as an indicator for several developmental diseases. Different types of classification algorithms have been used in the past to classify infant cries of healthy infants and those with developmental diseases. To determine the ability of classification models to discriminate between healthy infant cries and various cries of infants suffering from several diseases, a literature search for infant cry classification models was performed; 9 classification models were identified that have been used for infant cry classification in the past. These classification mod

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Schiff, Steven J., Abhaya V. Kulkarni, Edith Mbabazi-Kabachelor, et al. "Brain growth after surgical treatment for infant postinfectious hydrocephalus in Sub-Saharan Africa: 2-year results of a randomized trial." Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics 28, no. 3 (2021): 326–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2021.2.peds20949.

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OBJECTIVE Hydrocephalus in infants, particularly that with a postinfectious etiology, is a major public health burden in Sub-Saharan Africa. The authors of this study aimed to determine whether surgical treatment of infant postinfectious hydrocephalus in Uganda results in sustained, long-term brain growth and improved cognitive outcome. METHODS The authors performed a trial at a single center in Mbale, Uganda, involving infants (age < 180 days old) with postinfectious hydrocephalus randomized to endoscopic third ventriculostomy plus choroid plexus cauterization (ETV+CPC; n = 51) or ventricu

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Shahid, Ahmad Daniyal, Haitao Zhu, Hong Yan Lu, et al. "The Early Prognosis Value of Activin A in Premature Infants’ Brain Injury." Journal of Advance Research in Medical & Health Science (ISSN: 2208-2425) 3, no. 3 (2017): 09–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.53555/nnmhs.v3i3.622.

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The purpose of this research is to explore the predictive value of amniotic fluid, umbilical cord blood and neonatal blood activin A in early brain injury in preterm neonates. 98 cases of premature infants were divided into brain injury group and control group according to the cranial imaging examination, and the brain injury group was further divided into mild brain injury group and severe brain injury group. The activin A level was measured in both preterm brain injury group and control group with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit, then the comparisons of activin A levels between

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Student. "ANENCEPHALIC ORGAN DONORS." Pediatrics 83, no. 2 (1989): A42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.83.2.a42.

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[There are] two policy choices: we can abandon attempts to justify use of anencephalic infants as organ donors because there is currently no clinically accepted means to declare brain death in these infants; or we can carry out the research necessary to establish a clinically valid procedure for doing so. A Canadian group has decided to take the second route and experiment on methods to use as organ donors anencephalic newborns who can be validly declared brain-dead on classic criteria. The group has developed a basic protocol that calls for the parents to agree, prior to birth, that: (1) the

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Martinez-Torteya, Cecilia, Caleb J. Figge, Michelle A. Gilchrist, Maria Muzik, Anthony P. King, and Matthew Sorenson. "Prenatal intimate partner violence exposure predicts infant biobehavioral regulation: Moderation by the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene." Development and Psychopathology 30, no. 3 (2018): 1009–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579418000329.

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AbstractThe ability to regulate stress is a critical developmental milestone of early childhood that involves a set of interconnected behavioral and physiological processes and is influenced by genetic and environmental stimuli. Prenatal exposure to traumatic stress and trauma, including intimate partner violence (IPV), increases risk for offspring biobehavioral regulation problems during childhood and adolescence. Although individual differences in susceptibility to prenatal stress have been largely unexplored, a handful of studies suggest children with specific genetic characteristics are mo

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Iov, Tatiana, Cristina Furnică, Sofia Mihaela David, and Diana Bulgaru-Iliescu. "Medical, Forensic and Social Quandaries of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome Today." BRAIN. Broad Research in Artificial Intelligence and Neuroscience 11, no. 3sup1 (2020): 20–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/brain/11.3sup1/118.

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Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) is described as the sudden, unexplained death (with no attributable cause, during sleep) of a seemingly healthy child before reaching the first year of life. Statistically, SIDS is recognized today as a leading cause of death in infants aged 1 to 12 months. In the present article the authors have analyzed known risk factors, classifications and current standards of forensic investigation while highlighting the necessity of detailed clinical history, autopsy, scene of death examination and lab findings (radiology, metabolic anomalies, infectious diseases and

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Swain, James E. "Brain-based sex differences in parenting propagate emotion expression." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 32, no. 5 (2009): 401–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x09990124.

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AbstractParent-infant emotional expressions vary according to parent and infant gender. Such parent-infant interactions critically affect infant development. Neuroimaging research is exploring emotion-related brain function that varies according to gender, and regulates parenting thoughts and behaviors in the early postpartum. Through specific brain functions, parenting serves to program the infant brain for the next generation of sex-specific emotional expression.

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Iacono, Dieg. "Is Brain Aging Retreating to an Infant Brain?" American Journal of Biomedical Science & Research 1, no. 1 (2019): 20–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.34297/ajbsr.2019.01.000505.

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Bennett, D. D. "Mysteries Surround Infant Brain Damage." Science News 127, no. 15 (1985): 231. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3969700.

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Badr (Zahr), Lina Kurdahi, and Isabell Purdy. "Brain Injury in the Infant." Journal of Perinatal & Neonatal Nursing 20, no. 2 (2006): 163–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005237-200604000-00011.

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&NA;. "Brain Injury in the Infant." Journal of Perinatal & Neonatal Nursing 20, no. 2 (2006): 176–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005237-200604000-00012.

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Cooke, R. W. I. "Perinatal and Infant Brain Imaging." Archives of Disease in Childhood 60, no. 6 (1985): 597. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/adc.60.6.597.

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Speidel, B. "Ultrasound of the Infant Brain." Archives of Disease in Childhood 60, no. 11 (1985): 1109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/adc.60.11.1109-a.

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Gould, Paula. "Imager reveals infant brain damage." Physics World 19, no. 2 (2006): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2058-7058/19/2/12.

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Bates, Elizabeth. "Language and the infant brain." Journal of Communication Disorders 32, no. 4 (1999): 195–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9924(99)00015-5.

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Chen, Yu-Han, Joni Saby, Emily Kuschner, William Gaetz, J. Christopher Edgar, and Timothy P. L. Roberts. "Magnetoencephalography and the infant brain." NeuroImage 189 (April 2019): 445–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.01.059.

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Ghebremeskel, Keb, Martin Leighfield, Margaret Ashwell, T. A. B. Sanders, and Sheela Reddy. "Infant brain lipids and diet." Lancet 340, no. 8827 (1992): 1093–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0140-6736(92)93109-z.

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Yahalom, Barak, Umeshkumar Athiraman, Sulpicio G. Soriano, et al. "Spinal Anesthesia in Infant Rats." Anesthesiology 114, no. 6 (2011): 1325–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/aln.0b013e31821b5729.

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Background Previous studies in infant rats and case-control studies of human infants undergoing surgery have raised concerns about potential neurodevelopmental toxicities of general anesthesia. Spinal anesthesia is an alternative to general anesthesia for some infant surgeries. To test for potential toxicity, a spinal anesthesia model in infant rats was developed. Methods Rats of postnatal ages 7, 14, and 21 days were assigned to no treatment, 1% isoflurane for either 1 h or 6 h, or lumbar spinal injection of saline or bupivacaine at doses of 3.75 mg/kg (low dose) or 7.5 mg/kg (high dose). Sub

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Mohd Nordin, Ashikin, Jean Jun Ong, Juriza Ismail, et al. "Silent Mastoiditis Associated with Pneumococcal Meningitis." Malaysian Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health 27, no. 2 (2021): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.51407/mjpch.v27i2.118.

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Streptococcus pneumoniae (S pneumoniae) can cause a wide spectrum of diseases which includes upper respiratory tract infection as well as more severe invasive disease such as meningitis. Meningitis may be caused by invasion of the organism through the blood brain barrier, either via haematological spread or from an adjacent focus of infection such as the ears. We describe two infants with pneumococcal meningitis and silent mastoiditis. They both presented with a classical history to suggest meningitis with no apparent focus of infection. A brain imaging was done in the first infant to look for

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Clark, Brian J., G. G. W. Adams, and Philip J. Luthert. "Retinal haemorrhages in infant head injury." Brain 125, no. 3 (2002): 677. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/brain/awf067.

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Nolvi, Saara, Jetro J. Tuulari, Tuomas Lavonius, et al. "Newborn white matter microstructure moderates the association between maternal postpartum depressive symptoms and infant negative reactivity." Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience 15, no. 6 (2020): 649–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsaa081.

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Abstract Maternal postpartum depression is a prominent risk factor for aberrant child socioemotional development, but there is little understanding about the neural phenotypes that underlie infant sensitivity to maternal depression. We examined whether newborn white matter fractional anisotropy (FA), a measure of white matter maturity, moderates the association between maternal postpartum depressive symptoms and infant negative reactivity at 6 months. Participants were 80 mother–infant dyads participating in a prospective population-based cohort, and included families whose newborns underwent

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Kuchan, Matthew J., Søren K. Jensen, Elizabeth J. Johnson та Jacqueline C. Lieblein-Boff. "The naturally occurring α-tocopherol stereoisomer RRR-α-tocopherol is predominant in the human infant brain". British Journal of Nutrition 116, № 1 (2016): 126–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114516001719.

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Abstractα-Tocopherol is the principal source of vitamin E, an essential nutrient that plays a crucial role in maintaining healthy brain function. Infant formula is routinely supplemented with synthetic α-tocopherol, a racaemic mixture of eight stereoisomers with less bioactivity than the natural stereoisomer RRR-α-tocopherol. α-Tocopherol stereoisomer profiles have not been previously reported in the human brain. In the present study, we analysed total α-tocopherol and α-tocopherol stereoisomers in the frontal cortex (FC), hippocampus (HPC) and visual cortex (VC) of infants (n 36) who died of

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Erny, Erny, Okky Prasetyo, and Ayly Soekanto. "The Impact of Using Gadgets at Early Age on The Brain Development of Infants and Children (Literature Review Article)." Jurnal Ilmiah Kedokteran Wijaya Kusuma 11, no. 2 (2022): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.30742/jikw.v11i2.2225.

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The use of gadgets is currently very evenly distributed in almost all age groups with screen times that are increasingly worrying, especially in infants and children. The influence of these devices can cause many problems not only social problems but especially health problems that have a long-term impact. Neuropsychiatric disorders caused by early use of gadgets in infants and children should be prevented by parents' understanding of the effects of using these devices. The purpose of writing this review article describes health problems that may arise due to the use of gadgets in children in

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Sirois, Sylvain, and Denis Mareschal. "An Interacting Systems Model of Infant Habituation." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 16, no. 8 (2004): 1352–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/0898929042304778.

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Habituation and related procedures are the primary behavioral tools used to assess perceptual and cognitive competence in early infancy. This article introduces a neurally constrained computational model of infant habituation. The model combines the two leading process theories of infant habituation into a single functional system that is grounded in functional brain circuitry. The HAB model (for Habituation, Autoassociation, and Brain) proposes that habituation behaviors emerge from the opponent, complementary processes of hippocampal selective inhibition and cortical long-term potentiation.

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Marshall, Peter J., and Andrew N. Meltzoff. "Neural mirroring mechanisms and imitation in human infants." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 369, no. 1644 (2014): 20130620. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2013.0620.

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Studying human infants will increase our understanding of the nature, origins and function of neural mirroring mechanisms. Human infants are prolific imitators. Infant imitation indicates observation–execution linkages in the brain prior to language and protracted learning. Investigations of neural aspects of these linkages in human infants have focused on the sensorimotor mu rhythm in the electroencephalogram, which occurs in the alpha frequency range over central electrode sites. Recent results show that the infant mu rhythm is desynchronized during action execution as well as action observa

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Critchley, Ariane. "Baby brain: Neuroscience, policy-making and child protection." Scottish Affairs 29, no. 4 (2020): 512–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/scot.2020.0341.

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This paper is concerned with the co-opting of neuroscientific findings into social work practice with infants at risk of harm. The value of neuroscience to our understanding of infants and infant care remains contested. For ‘infant mental health’ proponents, neuroscientific findings have become a powerful tool in arguing for the importance of nurture and care in the early years. However, critical perspectives question the selective use of neuroscientific evidence, and the impact that the ‘first three years’ agenda has actually had on families. In social work, much of our involvement with very

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