Dissertations / Theses: 'Infant motor development'

1

Abbott, Andrea L. "Infant motor development and the home environment." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0005/MQ42044.pdf.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Grönqvist, Helena. "Visual motor development in full term and preterm infants." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för psykologi, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-130858.

Full text

Abstract:

Smooth tracking and efficient reaching for moving objects require the ability to predict the velocity and trajectory of the object. This skill is important to be able to perceive human action and object motion in the world. This thesis explores early visual motor development in full term and preterm infants. Study I showed that horizontal eye tracking develops ahead of vertical (full term infants at 5, 7 and 9 months of age). The vertical component is also more affected when a second dimension is added during circular pursuit. It is concluded that different mechanisms appear to underlie vertical and horizontal eye movements Study II-IV compared the development of the ability to visually track and reach for moving objects in very preterm infants born <32 gestational weeks to healthy infants born at term. The development of horizontal smooth pursuit at 2 and 4 months of corrected age was delayed for the preterm group (Study II). Some infants were catching up whereas others were not improving at all. A question raised by the results was whether the delay was caused by specific injuries as a result of the prematurity. However, the delays persisted when all infants with known neonatal complications and infants born small for gestational age were excluded (Study III), indicating that they were caused by prematurity per se. At 8 months corrected age preterm and full term infants were equally good at aiming reaches and successfully catching a moving object. Nevertheless, the preterm group used a bimanual strategy more often and had a more jerky and circuitous path than the full term group (Study IV). In summary, preterm infants showed a delayed visual motor development compared to infants born at term. The results of these studies suggest that there is additional diffuse damage to the visual motor system that is not related to neonatal complications as diagnosed today. Measuring smooth pursuit could potentially be a new method for early non-invasive diagnosis of impaired visual function.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Nicacio, Siomara Lais de Souza Malta. "Atividade motora e o estado nutricional em lactentes hospitalizados com sibilancia recorrente agudizada." [s.n.], 2008. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/308369.

Full text

Abstract:

Orientador: Antonio Fernando Ribeiro
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-11T03:12:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Nicacio_SiomaraLaisdeSouzaMalta_M.pdf: 2298626 bytes, checksum: ca7d307418feeac2750f82d1fa14945a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008
Resumo: Com o objetivo de avaliar e correlacionar o estado nutricional e a atividade motora de Lactentes Sibilantes em processo de internação hospitalar, este estudo transversal foi realizado com uma coorte de 28 crianças com diagnóstico de Lactente Sibilante de 03 a 18 meses de vida internadas na enfermaria de pediatria do Hospital Estadual Sumaré/UNICAMP. Um segundo grupo de 28 lactentes saudáveis de escolas municipais de Ribeirão Preto e São Paulo foram igualmente avaliados com a finalidade de promover um pareamento com o primeiro grupo. O critério de pareamento foi o sexo e idade da criança. O período total do estudo compreendeu de 15 de agosto de 2005 a 04 de maio de 2007. Foram colhidos dados pessoais, antropometria e avaliação da função motora no momento da internação hospitalar para os Lactentes Sibilantes e durante período escolar para o grupo controle. A análise antropométrica foi feita por meio da medida de peso e comprimento da criança. Foi calculado o escore z do peso, altura e relação peso/altura e utilizadas as curvas do National Center of Health Statistics (NCHS, 2000). Para avaliação motora foi aplicada a Escala Alberta de Avaliação Motora (AIMS). Para obtenção do escore e percentil da escala, todas as posições assumidas pela criança foram registradas na folha de testes após observação da filmagem da movimentação espontânea nas posições prono, supino, sentado e em pé. Além da pesquisadora, foi solicitada a observação das filmagens por uma profissional especializada na área de neurologia infantil. Somente após a verificação e compatibilidade dos dois pareceres a pontuação foi registrada. Foram observadas a influência do z escore de peso e altura com relação ao escore da avaliação motora e escolaridade materna e nível socioeconômico não apresentaram influencia. Os resultados indicaram que houve atraso na função motora e aspecto nutricional deficitário no grupo de Lactentes Sibilantes
Abstract: The objective was to assess and correlate the motor function and nutritional status from hospitalized ¿wheezing¿ infants. A cross sectional study has been done in 28 children with ages from 03 to 18 months, during their treatment at the children¿s nursery in Sumaré State Hospital/Unicamp, which were diagnosed as ¿childhood wheezing syndromes¿. A second group of 28 healthy infants from Ribeirão Preto and São Paulo¿s schools was evaluated in order to be paired as control group. The criteria used for pairing was the gender and age. This study was conducted from August 15th, 2005 to May 4th, 2007. Personal information and anthropometrical data were collected, and the motor function was assessed. The anthropometrical analysis was performed by the measurements of weight and height of the children. The Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS) was used to assess the child motor function. Every positions done by the children were registered on the protocol tests after the observation their spontaneous movements in prone, supine, sit and stand positions through recording of them. Another pediatric neurological professional observed the records too. The points were registered when both opinions were compatible. The influence of the z-score height and z-score weight variables was noted in the motor function score, and the mothers education level and socio-economic status presented no influence. A delay in the motor function development and poor nutritional conditions were observed in the wheezing infants population
Mestrado
Saude da Criança e do Adolescente
Mestre em Saude da Criança e do Adolescente

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Baird, Janette. "Longitudinal study of the acquisition of locomotion, motor activity, and infant development /." View online ; access limited to URI, 2003. http://0-wwwlib.umi.com.helin.uri.edu/dissertations/dlnow/3115621.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Gottwald, Janna Marleen. "Infants in Control : Prospective Motor Control and Executive Functions in Action Development." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för psykologi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-297642.

Full text

Abstract:

This thesis assesses the link between action and cognition early in development. Thus the notion of an embodied cognition is investigated by tying together two levels of action control in the context of reaching in infancy: prospective motor control and executive functions. The ability to plan our actions is the inevitable foundation of reaching our goals. Thus actions can be stratified on different levels of control. There is the relatively low level of prospective motor control and the comparatively high level of cognitive control. Prospective motor control is concerned with goal-directed actions on the level of single movements and movement combinations of our body and ensures purposeful, coordinated movements, such as reaching for a cup of coffee. Cognitive control, in the context of this thesis more precisely referred to as executive functions, deals with goal-directed actions on the level of whole actions and action combinations and facilitates directedness towards mid- and long-term goals, such as finishing a doctoral thesis. Whereas prospective motor control and executive functions are well studied in adulthood, the early development of both is not sufficiently understood. This thesis comprises three empirical motion-tracking studies that shed light on prospective motor control and executive functions in infancy. Study I investigated the prospective motor control of current actions by having 14-month-olds lift objects of varying weights. In doing so, multi-cue integration was addressed by comparing the use of visual and non-visual information to non-visual information only. Study II examined the prospective motor control of future actions in action sequences by investigating reach-to-place actions in 14-month-olds. Thus the extent to which Fitts’ law can explain movement duration in infancy was addressed. Study III lifted prospective motor control to a higher that is cognitive level, by investigating it relative to executive functions in 18-months-olds. Main results were that 14-month-olds are able to prospectively control their manual actions based on object weight. In this action planning process, infants use different sources of information. Beyond this ability to prospectively control their current action, 14-month-olds also take future actions into account and plan their actions based on the difficulty of the subsequent action in action sequences. In 18-month-olds, prospective motor control in manual actions, such as reaching, is related to early executive functions, as demonstrated for behavioral prohibition and working memory. These findings are consistent with the idea that executive functions derive from prospective motor control. I suggest that executive functions could be grounded in the development of motor control. In other words, early executive functions should be seen as embodied.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Fernández, Beatriz. "An interpretation of the nature of the relationship between proximal and distal motor development in infants." Thesis, Boston University, 1988. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/38028.

Full text

Abstract:

Thesis (M.S.)--Boston University by Beatriz Fernandez. Sargent College of Allied Health Professions. Dept. of Occupational Therapy.
PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you.
The principle of proximo-distal direction of motor development is investigated in this study. Treatment of motor dysfunction has often been based upon the assumption that development occurs first in proximal muscle groups and then in distal groups. A longitudinal study was done on ten infants at five, seven, and nine months of age. Proximal and distal skills were measured and the relationship between them was studied. Two scales were used to assess the infant's reaching abilities (proximal skills), and prehension abilities (distal skills). The scales were developed by Loria (1978) and represented a combination of fmdings from studies done by Halverson (1931, 1932), Gesell and Amatruda (1947) and Kopp (1974). In Loria's scales (1980) unequal weight was given to the criteria used. In the present study however, the scales were modified so that each item was weighted equally. Both scales were used in this research, Loria's Original Scales and the new Adapted Scales. High positive correlations were found between proximal and distal scales of infant motor development at 5, 7, and 9 months of age. An exception was observed at the 9 months of age when using Loria's Original Scales, where results showed significantly lower correlations. However, when using the modified version of the scales, the correlations found suggest that both skills develop simultaneously or co-occur in infants at these ages.
2031-01-01

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Domellöf, Erik. "Development of functional asymmetries in young infants : a sensory-motor approach /." Umeå : Department of Psychology, Umeå University, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-751.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Saccani, Raquel. "Validação da Alberta Infant Motor Scale para aplicação no Brasil : análise do desenvolvimento motor e fatores de risco para atraso em crianças de 0 a 18 meses." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/18975.

Full text

Abstract:

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi descrever o desenvolvimento motor de crianças de 0 a 18 meses de idade, identificando os principais fatores de risco para atraso motor, assim como, analisar a validade da Alberta Infant Motor Scale para avaliação do desenvolvimento motor de crianças gaúchas, verificando a representatividade de seus critérios motores. A amostra deste pesquisa foi de 561 crianças, provenientes de Escolas de Educação Infantil, Creches, Entidades e Unidades Básicas de Saúde. Os instrumentos utilizados na coleta de dados foram: 1) Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS); 2) Affordance in the Home Environment Motor Development (AHEMD); 3) Questionário estruturado com perguntas sobre características biológicas. Das crianças avaliadas, 63,5% foram consideradas com desenvolvimento motor normal para idade, sendo que os bebês com idade entre 3 e 12 meses foram os que demonstraram pior desempenho. Foi observado uma inferioridade nos comportamentos motores referentes as posturas prono e em pé. Entre os fatores biológicos de maior influência, destacaram-se o baixo peso ao nascer, a prematuridade e o tempo de internação na UTI. No que se refere aos fatores sócio-ambientais, destacaram-se a escolaridade dos familiares; o grau de instrução paterna, a renda familiar mensal, o número de adultos e de crianças que vivem na casa, tempo carregado no colo e número de brinquedos para motricidade fina e ampla. Quanto ao processo de Validação da AIMS, as análises de correlação, associação e consistência interna indicaram que a AIMS é válida e fidedigna para população gaúcha. Conclui-se que as crianças apresentaram seqüência progressiva do aparecimento de habilidades motoras nas posturas avaliadas, porém parte destas foram consideradas com desenvolvimento motor inferior ao esperado para idade. Sugere-se que os fatores biológicos, contextuais e o instrumento de avaliação influenciaram no desenvolvimento motor das crianças avaliadas, sendo a AIMS um instrumento significativamente útil e confiável para utilização em várias áreas da pesquisa científica e clínica.
The purpose of the present study was describe the motor development of infants aging from 0 to 18 months and verify the influence of the biological and socio-environmental risk factors and analyze the validation of Alberta Infant Motor Scale to evaluate the motor development of southern children, analyzing the representativeness of the instrument´s items. The sample was composed of 561 children, coming from Kinder gardens, Children Education schools, Health Basic Units of Rio Grande do Sul. The instruments used were: 1) Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS); 2) Affordance in the Home Environment Motor Development (AHEMD); 3) biological factors through structured questionnaire. From the evaluated infants, 63, 5% were considered with a regular motor development for their age, and the babies aging from 3 to 12 months were the ones with the worst development. It was found inferiority in the motor behaviors regarding the prono and standing postures. Among the biological factors with a major influence, the low weight when they are born, the prematureness and the time they spend in the intensive treatment unit (ITU) are prominent. In relation to the socioenvironmental factors, the parents’ schoolarity; the father’s instruction, the family’s income, the number of adults and children that live in the house, the time being hold and the number of toys for fine and global motricity. On the Validation process, the analysis of correlation, association and internal consistency indicate that the AIMS is valid and trustworthy in the evaluation of infants motor acquisitions of southern children. Conclused that the infants from this study presented a progressive sequence of appearance of motor abilities in the evaluated postures, however parts of these were considered with an inferior motor development according to what was expected by their age. It is suggested that, either the socio-environment risk factor as well as the biological and evaluation instrument influenced in the motor development of the infants, being the AIMS a significatively useful and reliable instrument to several areas of clinic and scientific research.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Restiffe, Ana Paula. "O desenvolvimento motor de recém-nascidos pré-termo e a termo até a aquisição da marcha segundo Alberta Infant Motor Scale: um estudo de coorte." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5138/tde-23102007-110106/.

Full text

Abstract:

A prematuridade se caracteriza por ser qualitativamente distinta do nascimento de termo, em função das intercorrências neonatais, do impacto do período de permanência na incubadora e da influência da ação da gravidade no desenvolvimento postural, do equilíbrio e da locomoção. Este estudo teve como OBJETIVOS: 1- comparar a coordenação motora axial de lactentes pré-termo (RNPT) saudáveis, com a de lactentes de termo (RNT), por meio dos escores da Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS), segundo a idade cronológica (ICr) e corrigida (ICo), a partir do termo até a utilização da marcha independente como principal meio de locomoção; 2- verificar período de aquisição, entre RNPT e RNT, segundo ICo, de 7 itens avaliados pela AIMS (transição de quatro apoios para sentado; engatinhar; segurar o(s) pé(s) em supino; sentar-se independente; transição de sentado para quatro apoios; ficar em pé sem apoio; marcha independente); 3- determinar a influência de variáveis biológicas e sóciodemográficas para obtenção da marcha em RNPT. MÉTODOS: estudo coorte, prospectivo, observacional, mensal e comparativo entre 101 RNPT (grupo de estudo) e 52 RNT (grupo controle). Foram ajustados modelo de regressão beta e equações de estimação generalizada para curvas de ICr e ICo, a fim de comparar a média mensal dos escores entre os grupos. Para comparar as idades de aquisição dos sete itens da AIMS entre os RNT e RNPT, foram utilizadas estimativas de Turnbull da distribuição da idade e modelo de taxa de falhas proporcionais de Cox para censuras intervalares. Para análise estatística dos resultados das médias mensais entre os grupos e as idades de aquisição dos itens, recorreu-se à construção de intervalo de confiança (IC). Para análise das variáveis prognósticas no tempo da aquisição da marcha nos RNPT, análise de sobrevivência para censuras intervalares e modelo de regressão Weibull foram utilizados. O nível de significância considerado foi < 5%. RESULTADOS: Finalizaram o estudo 77 RNPT e 49 RNT. Os escores segundo ICr dos RNPT demonstraram ser estatisticamente inferiores em relação aos dos RNT. Segundo a ICo, os escores dos RNPT tornaram-se equivalentes aos dos RNT, não demonstrando diferença estatística significativa. Dos 7 itens analisados, somente em pé sem apoio e a marcha foram adquiridos mais tardiamente pelos RNPT. As variáveis biológicas com influência significante no tempo de aquisição da marcha foram: peso ao nascimento (PN), estatura ao nascimento (EN) e permanência no hospital após nascimento. CONCLUSÃO: A coordenação motora axial dos RNPT deve ser avaliada segundo ICo para não ser subestimada. A aquisição da marcha e a posição em pé sem apoio se desenvolvem mais tardiamente nos RNPT. Além disto, a aquisição da marcha em RNPT foi tão mais tardia quanto menor o PN e EN, assim como o longo período de internação após o nascimento retardaram a marcha nos RNPT.
The prematurity characterizes to be qualitatively different from term delivery, due to neonatal morbidities, impact of the long period in the incubator and the influence of gravidity in the postural development. This study has as OBJECTIVES:1- to compare the gross motor development in healthy preterm infants (PT) with term infants (T), using Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS) scores, according to corrected and chronological ages, from term to walking independently; 2- To compare the age attainment of seven AIMS items, according to corrected age (four-point kneeling to sitting; reciprocal creeping; hands to feet in supine; sitting independently; sitting to four-point kneeling; stand alone; early stepping) between PT and T infants; 3- To study biologic and sociodemographic factors that affect walking attainment in PT. METHODS: cohort, prospective, observational monthly and comparative study between 101 PT and 52 T. In order to compare descriptively mean monthly scores, beta regression models and general estimated equations were used to adjust the chronological and corrected age graphics and for statistics purposes, the confidence interval of monthly mean scores were used. Turnbull estimation of age distribution and Cox´s proportional hazards model were used to compare the age in each seven items between groups. For prognostic factors of age walking attainment in PT, methods of Kaplan-Meyer and Weibull regression model were used. The level of significance was considered significant, if p < 5%. RESULTS: 77 PT and 49 T infants finished the study. Chronological age scores of PT were statistically lower in comparison with T scores. According to corrected age, PT monthly mean scores were not statistically different from T scores. Of seven analysed items, only standing alone and early stepping were attained later in PT infants. The variables that seemed to influence statistically in age of walking attainment were: birth weight and stature and duration of hospitalization. CONCLUSION: Gross motor development of PT infants should be assessed according to corrected age, in order not to be underestimated. The both milestones standing alone and early stepping developed later in PT infants. The lower the birth stature and weight were, the longer it took for the PT infants to attain walking, while the longer the PT newborns stayed hospitalized, the later they started walking.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Saccani, Raquel. "Trajetória motora de crianças brasileiras de 0 a 18 meses de idade : normatização da Alberta Infant Motor Scale para aplicação clínica e científica no Brasil." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/88414.

Full text

Abstract:

Introdução: a carência de estudos descrevendo a trajetória motora de crianças brasileiras na primeira infância, assim como, a ausência de instrumentos normatizados para avaliação do desempenho motor nesta idade, dificultam a triagem de atrasos motores. Existe a possibilidade de erros na categorização e interpretação das avaliações sempre que usadas normas de amostras populacionais com características socioculturais diferentes. Objetivos: a) descrever e interpretar a trajetória do desenvolvimento motor e a maestria nas aquisições posturais antigravitacionais de crianças brasileiras de 0 a 18 meses; b) descrever as diferenças existentes no desenvolvimento motor de meninos e meninas brasileiras de 0 a 18 meses de idade; c) comparar as médias dos escores e os percentis de crianças brasileiras com resultados de outras amostras populacionais; d) criar normas para a interpretação dos resultados das avaliações da Alberta Infant Motor Scale no Brasil, com a apresentação da média dos escores e os percentis para cada idade e sexo. Métodos: estudo descritivo e observacional, transversal (cross-seccional), do qual participaram 795 crianças de Instituições, Hospitais, Unidades Básicas de Saúde e Escolas de Educação Infantil. A Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS) foi utilizada para avaliar o desenvolvimento motor das crianças brasileiras. Os resultados de pesquisas com as amostras populacionais da Grécia (424 crianças) e do Canadá (2.400 crianças) foram utilizados nos estudos de comparação. Utilizou-se estatística descritiva, teste U Mann Whitney, teste t one-sample e binomial, sendo significante p<0,05. Resultados: os resultados indicaram: a) ocorre aumento alinear das aquisições motoras das crianças brasileiras com o passar da idade e aparecimento de platôs a partir dos 15 meses; b) a primeira posição na qual a criança adquire maestria é em supino e por último na posição sentado; c) a trajetória de desenvolvimento motor de meninos e meninas é semelhante; d) a trajetória motora das crianças brasileiras difere das crianças canadenses e gregas; e) o aparecimento do controle postural antigravitacional é mais tardio nas crianças brasileiras; f) pouca variação nos valores dos percentis até o primeiro mês de vida e após os 15 meses, demonstrando pouca sensibilidade da AIMS para diferenciar o desempenho motor de crianças nestas idades; g) os percentis nacionais descritos para adequada caracterização do desempenho das crianças brasileiras de 0 a 18 meses de idade diferem dos apresentados para a amostra canadense. Discussão: os escores brutos e percentis mais baixos da amostra brasileira reforçam a necessidade do uso de normas nacionais para categorizar adequadamente o desempenho motor da criança. Deve- se ter cautela ao utilizar a AIMS para avaliar crianças nos 2 primeiros meses de vida e após os 15 meses ou aquisição da marcha independente. As diferentes trajetórias do desenvolvimento motor são, possivelmente, decorrentes de diferenças sociais e culturais existentes entre os países.
Introduction: The lack of studies describing the motor trajectory’s brazilian children in early childhood, as well as, the absence of standardized instruments for assessment of motor development at this age, hinder screening of motor delays. There is the possibility of errors in categorization and interpretation of evaluations where the standards are sample with different sociocultural characteristics. Objectives: The purposes of this research were: a) describing and interpreting the trajectory of motor development and skill of antigravity and postural acquisitions of Brazilian children aging from 0 to 18 months; b) describing the existing differences on motor development of Brazilian boys and girls aging from 0 to 18 months; c) comparing scores and percentiles of Brazilian children with results from other population samples; d) creating norms to interpreting results of the evaluations of the Alberta Infant Motor Scale in Brazil, with presentation of scores and percentiles means to each age and gender group. Methods: It was a descriptive and observational, transactional study, in which participated 795 children from Institutions, Hospitals, Health Basic Unities and Schools and Primary Schools. The Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS) was used to evaluate motor development of Brazilian children. Results of researches with population samples from Greece (424 children) and from Canada (2.400 children) were used in comparison studies. Descriptive statistic was used, as well as, one sample t test, U Mann Whitney and binomial. Values p≤0,05 were considered statistically significative. Results: The results show that: a) there’s a nonlinear increase of the number of motor acquisitions on Brazilian children during the years and appearance of plateaus since 15 months of life; b) the first position a child acquires skill is supine, ending with sitting position; c) trajectory of motor development of boys and girls is similar; d) motor trajectory of Brazilian children is different from Canadian and Greek children; 3) appearance of antigravity and postural control is late in Brazilian children; f) little variation on numbers of percentiles to the first month of life and after 15 months, showing little sensibility of the AIMS to notice differences on motor performance in children at these ages; and g) national percentiles described to adequate characterization of Brazilian children’s performance aging from 0 to 18 months are different from the ones from Canadian sample. Discussion and conclusions: The lower raw scores and percentiles of the Brazilian sample reinforce the need of the use of national norms to categorize properly motor development. Should be cautious when using AIMS to assess children in the first 2 months of life and after 15 months or acquisition of the independent walking. The different trajectories on motor development are probably due to social and cultural differences between countries.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Chiquetti, Eloá Maria dos Santos. "Validação e normatização do “Test of Infant Motor Performance” (TIMP) para aplicação clínica e científica no Brasil." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/182016.

Full text

Abstract:

Introdução: A taxa de sobrevida em recém-nascidos com complicações perinatais vem aumentando, principalmente devido a melhoria dos cuidados e avanços na tecnologia nesta área, e como consequência o aumento de desordens neurocomportamentais como atraso no desenvolvimento motor, déficit cognitivo, problemas comportamentais e sociais. O diagnóstico precoce é muito importante para que a intervenção inicie o mais rápido possível, pois a plasticidade neural acelerada dos primeiros anos de vida otimiza os resultados interventivos. A identificação depende do uso de escalas validadas confiáveis, com comprovada sensibilidade e especificidade. No Brasil, o desafio do diagnóstico precoce de alterações no desenvolvimento motor é agravado pela escassez de instrumentos validados, possibilitando erros na categorização e interpretação dos resultados das avaliações, por estar usando normas de amostras populacionais com características socioculturais diferentes. Objetivos: (1) validar a versão em português brasileiro do TIMP (TIMP-BR) por meio da Teoria Clássica, (2) examinar as propriedades psicométricas do Test of Infant Motor Performance – TIMP-BR através da Teoria de Resposta ao Item; 3) comparar o desempenho motor de bebês brasileiros e americanos avaliados com o TIMP, 4) investigar a prevalência de atrasos motores no grupo de bebês brasileiros, 5) pesquisar a relação entre os fatores de risco biológicos e ambientais para o desempenho motor de bebês em idade precoce. Métodos: Estudo descritivo, observacional, comparativo e associativo de caráter transversal. A versão em português brasileiro do Test of Infant Motor Performance (TIMP) foi utilizada para avaliar e comparar o desempenho motor de bebês brasileiros; para verificar os fatores de risco biológico dos bebês um questionário estruturado com as características biológicas da amostra foi usado. O processo de validação foi realizado envolvendo 23 profissionais e 650 bebês brasileiros (até 4 meses de idade corrigida). Análise Rasch examinou as propriedades psicométricas da versão em português brasileiro do TIMP; utilizou-se teste t de uma amostra para comparar os escores dos bebês brasileiros com os escores dos bebês americanos; análise de regressão foi utilizada para investigar o efeito da associação entre fatores biológicos e oportunidades (affordances) domiciliares no desenvolvimento motor dos bebês. Resultados: os resultados indicaram: a) o TIMP é válido e fidedigno para avaliar o desempenho motor de bebês brasileiros; b) a análise Rasch confirmou a validade da versão em português brasileiro do TIMP; c) trajetória de desenvolvimento motor de bebês brasileiros se difere dos bebês americanos; bebês brasileiros demonstraram desempenho inferior nas idades de 34 semanas pós-concepcional até 5 semanas de idade corrigida, e desempenho superior nas idades acima de 12 semanas de idade corrigida. d) o desempenho motor de bebês nos primeiros meses de vida sofre influencias de fatores biológicos e ambientais, entre eles a idade gestacional, tempo de permanência em UTI e a variedade de estímulos realizados pelos pais. Conclusão: o TIMP é um instrumento válido e fidedigno para avaliar o desempenho motor de bebês brasileiros, onde a validade foi confirmada pela teoria clássica e teoria de resposta ao item. Há influência de fatores ambientais desde as idades iniciais do bebê. Os resultados ainda reforçam a importância e a necessidade de utilização de normas brasileiras para categorizar o desempenho motor de bebês avaliados pelo TIMP.
Introduction: The survival rate in newborns with perinatal complications has been increasing, mainly due to improved care and advances in technology in this area, and as a consequence, the increase of neurobehavioral disorders such as delayed motor development, cognitive deficit, behavioral and social problems. Early diagnosis is very important for the intervention starting as fast as possible, since the accelerated neural plasticity from the first years of life optimizes the intervention results. Identification depends on the use of reliable validated scales, with proven sensitivity and specificity. In Brazil, the challenge of early diagnosis of changes in motor development is aggravated by the scarcity of validated instruments, making errors in the categorization and interpretation of the evaluations results, because they are using standards of population samples with different sociocultural characteristics. Objectives: (1) Validating the Brazilian Portuguese version of the TIMP (TIMP-BR) through the Classical Theory, (2) examining the psychometric properties of the Test of Infant Motor Performance - TIMP-BR through Item Response Theory; 3) comparing motor performance of Brazilian and American infants evaluated with TIMP, 4) investigating the prevalence of motor delays in the Brazilian infant group, 5) investigating the relationship between biological and environmental risk factors for motor performance of early age. Methods: Descriptive, observational, comparative and associative cross - sectional study. The Brazilian Portuguese version the Test of Infant Motor Performance (TIMP) was used to evaluate and compare the motor performance of Brazilian infants; It was used a structured questionnaire with the biological characteristics of the sample to verify the biological risk factors of infants. The validation process was carried out involving 23 professionals and 650 Brazilian infants (up to 4 months corrected age). Rasch analysis examined the psychometric properties of the Brazilian Portuguese version of TIMP; a t-test of a sample was used to compare the Brazilian infant's scores with the American infant's scores; regression analysis was used to investigate the association effect between biological factors and home affordances on infant motor development. Results: the results indicated: a) the TIMP is valid and reliable to evaluate the motor performance of Brazilian infants; b) Rasch analysis confirmed the validity of the Brazilian Portuguese version of TIMP; c) motor development trajectory of Brazilian infants differs xi from American infants; brazilian infants demonstrated inferior performance at 34 weeks postconceptional up to 5 weeks of corrected age, and superior performance at ages above 12 weeks of corrected age d) the motor performance of infants in the first months of life is influenced by biological and environmental factors, including gestational age, length of stay in the ICU and the variety of stimuli performed by the parents. Conclusion: TIMP is a valid and reliable instrument to evaluate motor performance of Brazilian infants, where validity was confirmed by classical theory and item response theory. There are influences of environmental factors since the infant's early ages. The results also reinforce the importance and necessity of using Brazilian standards to categorize motor performance of infants evaluated by TIMP.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Silva, Larissa Paiva. "AvaliaÃÃo do desenvolvimento motor de crianÃas de zero a dezoito meses de vida." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2013. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=10689.

Full text

Abstract:

FundaÃÃo Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e TecnolÃgico
O acompanhamento do desenvolvimento infantil Ã configurado como uma das aÃÃes mais importantes para o alcance de melhor qualidade de vida. Objetivou-se avaliar o desenvolvimento motor de crianÃas com idade entre zero e 18 meses. Estudo descritivo, transversal, avaliativo, realizado nos Centros de SaÃde da FamÃlia (CSF) dos municÃpios de Fortaleza e Sobral, CearÃ (CE), Brasil. A amostra foi composta por 330 crianÃas, sendo 165 de cada municÃpio estudado. A coleta de dados ocorreu em Fevereiro-Maio/2012, foi utilizado um formulÃrio prÃ-estruturado contendo variÃveis da crianÃa e da famÃlia, a escala Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS), versÃo em portuguÃs, e o Instrumento de VigilÃncia do Desenvolvimento do MinistÃrio da SaÃde contido na Caderneta de SaÃde da CrianÃa (CSC), apÃs aprovaÃÃo pelo ComitÃ de Ãtica em Pesquisa. Observaram-se nos resultados que no municÃpio de Fortaleza, a maioria das crianÃas Ã do sexo feminino, nascida de parto cesÃreo; em Sobral prevaleceu o gÃnero masculino e o parto vaginal. Em Fortaleza, 7,2% das crianÃas eram prematuras, 6,6% baixo peso ao nascer; em Sobral 8,5% de prematuros e 8,5% com baixo peso ao nascer. Em relaÃÃo ao perfil socioeconÃmico e educacional dos pais/responsÃveis pelas crianÃas, prevaleceu, em ambos os municÃpios, 11 a 13 anos de estudo, idade entre 22 e 35 anos e nÃo ter ocupaÃÃo rentÃvel. Em relaÃÃo ao perfil sÃcio demogrÃfico, a maioria tinha rede de esgoto, coleta de lixo e chÃo com cerÃmica. O desenvolvimento motor das crianÃas avaliado pela escala AIMS, em ambos os municÃpios foi classificado como normal para a maioria das crianÃas (307), conforme ocorreu em relaÃÃo ao avaliado segundo o Instrumento de VigilÃncia do MinistÃrio da SaÃde (CSC) (302 crianÃas). Ao correlacionar os dois instrumentos utilizados, encontrou-se concordÃncia entre os mesmos, porÃm pobre (k=0,096; 0,077). Analisando as classificaÃÃes dos instrumentos em separado, observando-se maior poder de concordÃncia entre as que detectam dÃficit no desenvolvimento, entÃo, foram agrupadas as classificaÃÃes em âCom DÃficitâ e âSem DÃficitâ, resultando em concordÃncia quase perfeita (k=0,879; 0,910) entre os instrumentos. Evidenciou-se associaÃÃo significativa entre idade gestacional (p=0,012; 0,000) e peso ao nascer (p=0,000; 0,000), considerando a amostra completa, para ambos os instrumentos. Encontrou-se associaÃÃo significativa entre o desenvolvimento motor quando considerada a amostra total, e os fatores de risco ao nascimento internaÃÃo hospitalar, oxigenoterapia e fototerapia. A idade materna mostrou associaÃÃo significante em Fortaleza (p=0,001; 0,004) e quando considerada a amostra completa (p=0,017; 0,016), o estado civil (p=0,054; 0,049) e a ocupaÃÃo rentÃvel em Sobral (p=0,003; 0,013), ao serem associados com as classificaÃÃes das escalas. Em relaÃÃo aos dados sociodemogrÃficos nÃo foram evidenciados associaÃÃes estatisticamente significantes com o desenvolvimento segundo os instrumentos de avaliaÃÃo. Concluiu-se que nÃo existiu diferenÃa entre o desempenho motor das crianÃas residentes nos municÃpios estudados, os instrumentos utilizados possuem alto poder de concordÃncia entre si para detecÃÃo de dÃficit, e apresentaram correlaÃÃo significante com o desenvolvimento infantil com as variÃveis: idade gestacional, peso ao nascer, internaÃÃo hospitalar, oxigenoterapia, fototerapia, idade materna, estado civil e ocupaÃÃo rentÃvel da mÃe.
The accompaniment of infant development is considered one of the most important initiatives to reach a better quality of life. We sought to evaluate motor development in babies aged zero to 18 months. This is a descriptive, transversal and evaluative study performed in Health Family Centers (CSF) of the municipalities of Fortaleza and Sobral CE), Brazil. The sample was composed of 330 children, 165 from each studied municipality. Data collection took place between February/March 2012 through a predetermined form with child and family variables using the Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS), Portuguese version and the Ministry of Health Control Protocol included in the Child Health Booklet (CSC), after approval granted by the Research Ethics Committee. According to results, in the Fortaleza municipality, most children were females born through cesarean section whereas in Sobral there was a predominance of males and natural births. In Fortaleza, 7.2% of children were premature and 6.6% had lower weight at birth while in Sobral, 8.5% were premature and 8.5% were born with low weight. As for the socioeconomic and educational profile of childrenâs parents/tutors, we found that in both municipalities the majority of them had 11 to 13 years of study, were aged 22 to 35 and did not have a paid occupation. With regards to their socio-demographic profile, most of them had basic sanitation, garbage collection service and ceramic floors. Child motor development was evaluated through the AIMS scale in both municipalities and it was considered normal for most children (307). This was corroborated by the second evaluation, made by the Ministry of Health Control Protocol (CSC) (302 children). The analysis of both documents showed agreement between them, however weak (k=0096; 0.077). When analyzing both results separately, we noticed more concordance among development deficit items. Different evaluation items were identified as âWith deficitâ or Without Deficitâ, resulting in an almost perfect concordance (k=0.879; 0.910) between both instruments. There was also an important connection between the gestational age (p=0.012; 0.000) and the weight at birth (p=0.000; 0.000), considering the complete sample for both documents. We also found a relevant concordance between motor development when considering the full sample and risks factors associated to hospitalization, oxygen therapy and phototherapy. The maternal age showed a significant correlation in Fortaleza (p=0.001; 0.004). The analysis of the full sample (p=0.017; 0.016), the marital status (p=0.054; 0.049) and paid occupations in Sobral (p=0.003; 0.013), also resulted to be closely related to the scale qualifications. As for socio-demographic data, no statistically significant associations were found with regards to development levels according to the evaluation instruments. There was no difference between the childrenâs motor performance in the two studied municipalities. Both instruments presented high concordance levels in deficit detection and a significant correlation with infant mobility considering the following variables: gestational age, weight at birth, hospitalization, oxygen therapy, phototherapy, maternal age, marital status and mother paid occupation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Domellöf, Erik. "Development of functional asymmetries in young infants : A sensory-motor approach." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för psykologi, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-751.

Full text

Abstract:

Human functional laterality, typically involving a right-sided preference in most sensory-motor activities, is still a poorly understood issue. This is perhaps particularly true in terms of what underlying mechanisms that may govern lateral biases, as well as the developmental origins and course of events. The present thesis aims at investigating functional asymmetries in the upper and lower body movements of young human infants. In Study I, the presence of side biases in the stepping and placing responses and head turning in healthy fullterm newborns were explored. No evident lateral bias for the leg responses in terms of the first foot moved or direction of head turning was found. However, a lateral bias was revealed for onset latency in relation to the first foot moved in both stepping and placing. Asymmetries in head turning did not correspond to asymmetries in leg movements. In Study II, functional asymmetries in the stepping response of newborn infants were investigated in more detail by means of 3-D kinematic movement registration. Evident side differences were found in relation to smoother movement trajectories of the right leg by means of less movement segmentation compared to the left leg. Side differences were also found in relation to intralimb coordination in terms of stronger ankle-knee couplings and smaller phase shifts in the right leg than the left. In Study III, using the same movement registration technique, the kinematics of left and right arm movements during goal-directed reaching in infants were prospectively studied over the ages 6, 9, 12, and 36 months. Main findings included side differences and developmental trends related to the segmentation of the reaching movements and the reaching trajectory, as well as the distribution of arm-hand-use frequency. The results from Study I and II are discussed in relation to underlying neural mechanisms for lateral biases in leg movements and the important role of a thorough methodology in investigating newborn responses. Findings from Study III are discussed in terms of what they imply about the developmental origins for hand preference. An emphasis is also put on developmental differences between fullterm and preterm infants. Overall, the studies of the present thesis show that an increased understanding of subtle expressions of early functional asymmetries in the upper and lower body movements of young infants may be gained by means of refined measurements. Furthermore, such knowledge may provide an insight into the underlying neural mechanisms subserving asymmetries in the movements of young infants. The present studies also add new information to the current understanding of the development of human lateralized functions, in particular the findings derived from the longitudinal data. Apart from theoretical implications, the present thesis also involves a discussion with regard to the clinical relevance of investigating functional asymmetries in the movements of young infants.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Dias, Jorge Augusto Barbosa de Sales. "Desenvolvimento e aparato de suporte à locomoção aquática de bebês e de crianças de 3 a 24 meses." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/39/39133/tde-23052013-121751/.

Full text

Abstract:

A natação para bebês e crianças de até 2 anos de idade é a atividade física mais comumente realizada por essa população em todo mundo. Tal sucesso se deve aos possíveis benefícios que essa prática pode trazer para o desenvolvimento infantil. Contudo, a investigação dos efeitos da natação sobre essa população ainda são incipientes. No que concerne ao método, há carência de um protocolo padronizado para observação e registro do comportamento do bebê e da criança no meio líquido. Há diferentes métodos de pegadas, de posturas e de posicionamento descritos comprometendo a confiabilidade das investigações. O objetivo do presente estudo foi desenvolver um aparato de suporte à locomoção aquática de bebês e de crianças de 3 a 24 meses de idade. Buscou-se um aparato que permitisse um controle na forma de sustentação do bebê e que ao mesmo tempo permitisse e discriminasse as ações motoras demonstradas pelos participantes. O desenvolvimento do aparato consistiu de: I. Revisão de literatura para identificar os comportamentos a serem facilitados com o aparato; II. Elaboração do memorial descritivo do aparato com os propósitos a que se destina, suas características e especificidades técnicas, simulações de sua utilização etc.; III. Construção do protótipo do aparato e sua testagem; IV. Testagem de sua funcionalidade. A funcionalidade do aparato foi analisada por duas formas. 1- Pela apreciação dos peritos a partir dos filmes das sessões de testes com os bebês. Participaram cinco peritos com formação no estudo do comportamento motor (2 doutores e 3 mestres) e com experiência sobre o nadar de bebês e crianças. 2- Pela qualificação e quantificação das ações dos bebês e das crianças no uso do aparato. Dez indivíduos com idades variando entre 5 e 22 meses participaram das sessões de testes. Todos foram nascidos a termo e com o APGAR de oito ou mais no primeiro e no quinto minuto. Os peritos foram unânimes em considerar que o aparato funcionou e que está adequado ao uso que se destina (principalmente para pesquisas). Houve restrição sobre a segurança do bebê, particularmente no bebê mais jovem, apontada por dois peritos que foi prontamente corrigida no aparato. Todos os indivíduos puderam utilizar o aparato manifestando variabilidade intra e inter-individual. As análises das ações indicaram que o aparato deu apoio suficiente para a locomoção sem restringir a diversidade de padrões
Swimming for babies and children up to 2 years of age is the most commonly performed physical activity for this population worldwide. This success is due to the possible benefits that this practice can bring to their development. However, the research on the effects of swimming on this population are still incipient. Regarding the method, there is a lack of a standardized protocol for observing and recording behavior of babies and children in water. There are different techniques for holding babies, positioning them and postures, though none have been subject of investigation thus compromising research reliability. The aim of this study was to develop an apparatus to support aquatic locomotion of infants and children, 3-24 months of age. We sought an apparatus to allow a standardized holding technique to sustain the baby as well as to give enough freedom for the participants to experiment and show different motor actions. The development of the apparatus consisted of: I. Literature review to identify the behaviors to be \"facilitated\" by the apparatus; II. Elaboration of a descriptive memorial for the apparatus, describing its intended purpose, its technical features, its use and simulations etc.; III. Constructing and testing the apparatus; IV. The testing of its functionality in two ways. 1 - Expert assessment of the apparatus from video recordings of testing sessions with babies. There were five experts on motor behavior (two PhDs and three Masters) and baby swimming. 2 Description of babies action while in the use of the apparatus. Ten individuals with ages varying between 5 to 22 months took part in the testing sessions. They were all full term born and got 8 or more on the APGAR done in the first and fifth minute. The experts were unanimous in considering the apparatus functional and suitable for its intended use (research mostly). There was a concern on babiessafety, particularly for the young ones, made by two experts which has been promptly corrected in the apparatus. All babies and children could use the apparatus when intra and inter-individual variability were manifested. The analysis of their actions indicated that the apparatus gave sufficient support for their locomotion without restraining them the diversity of patterns

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Silva, Naíme Diane Sauaia Holanda. "VALIDADE CONCORRENTE E CONCORDÂNCIA ENTRE OS TESTES ALBERTA INFANT MOTOR SCALE E BAYLEY SCALES OF INFANT DEVELOPMENT-THRID EDITION EM PREMATUROS BRASILEIROS COM TRÊS MESES DE IDADE GESTACIONAL CORRIGIDA." Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 2010. http://tedebc.ufma.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/1148.

Full text

Abstract:

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-19T18:16:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 NAIME DIANE SAUAIA HOLANDA SILVA.pdf: 2473346 bytes, checksum: 07e67a7f1132d9fe7f4754bac958aa45 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-09-24
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
Objective: To compare the results with the Scale of Alberta (Alberta Infant Motor Scale), applied at three months of corrected gestational age (IGC), with those Scale Bayley (Bayley Scales of Infant Development - 3rd edition) in premature infants, discharged from the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit-NICU of University Hospital Maternal Child Unit - UFMA. Methods: We studied 42 premature infants in the outpatient clinics ("Follow up") Unit, University Hospital Maternal Child Unit - UFMA between March and August 2009. In the study of concurrent validity and agreement of the 42 premature infants at 3 months of IGC were assessed by AIMS and the motor scale of the Bayley Scales of Infant Development, 3rd edition, using the correlation coefficient of Pearson and the concordance test Bland & Altman to analyze the results. Results: In the study of concurrent validity, correlation found between the two scales was high (r = 0.86) and statistically significant (p <0.01) in the total population of infants. In concordance analysis showed that most of the measures is in the range between ± 1.96 standard deviation is thus the two tests agree. Conclusion: The AIMS is a valid and consistent with the standard measures can be recommended for evaluation of motor development of premature infants in the population of public health in Brazil.
Objetivo: Comparar os resultados obtidos com a Escala de Alberta (Alberta Infant Motor Scale), aplicada com três meses de idade gestacional corrigida (IGC), com aqueles da Escala de Bayley (Bayley Scales of Infant Development - 3ª edição) em lactentes nascidos prematuros, egressos da UTIN do Hospital Universitário Unidade Materno Infantil - UFMA. Métodos: Foram avaliados 42 lactentes nascidos prematuros no do Ambulatório de Seguimento ( Follow up ) do Hospital Universitário Unidade Materno Infantil - UFMA entre Março e Agosto de 2009. No estudo de validade concorrente e concordância os 42 lactentes prematuros com 3 meses de IGC foram avaliados pela AIMS e pela escala motora da Bayley Scales of Infant Development- 3ª edição, utilizando-se o coeficiente de correlação de Pearson e o teste de concordância Bland & Altman para analise dos resultados. Resultados: No estudo de validade concorrente, a correlação encontrada entre as duas escalas foi alta (r = 0,86) e estatisticamente significativa (p < 0,01) na população total de lactentes. Na análise de concordância observou-se que a maioria das medidas está na faixa compreendida entre ± 1,96 desvio padrão sendo, portanto, os dois testes concordantes. Conclusão: A AIMS é uma escala válida e concordante com as medidas padrões podendo ser indicada para avaliação do desenvolvimento motor de lactentes prematuros na população da rede publicam de saúde brasileira.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Scharrighuisen, Cornelia Maria. "Verbande tussen bewegingstimulasie en neuro-motoriese ontwikkeling by 3 tot 9 maande oue babas... / Marili Scharrighuisen." Thesis, North-West University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/8431.

Full text

Abstract:

Literature (Beck, 1986:96; Beaver & Brewster, 2002:132; Piaget et al., 2009:1) indicates that the first two years of a baby’s life is a critical period for development. This period is seen as windows of opportunity for development. There is still controversy in the literature regarding if baby stimulation helps babies to reach their neuro-motor development milestones faster, and which type of stimulation is the most advantageous, namely group stimulation or individual stimulation. The first objective of this study was to determine the effect of different methods of stimulation on the motor development of babies between the ages of 3 – 9 months, and secondly to determine what the effect of stimulation administered by a primary caregiver have on the motor development of babies between the ages of 3 – 9 months. A pretest-posttest design was used based on an available random sample where the effect of motor stimulation in different stimulation groups was tested. For objective 1 the babies (N=42) was divided into three different groups and exposed to informal stimulation (n=14), group stimulation as part of a day care program (n=15) and individual stimulation (n=13) administered by a primary caregiver. A nonstandardised checklist was designed by the researcher, refined in a pilot study and completed by the facilitators of the group and individual stimulation programs in which the content of the motor stimulation program was described. During the pretesting phase the babies were tested by the researcher in order to determine their motor milestone developmental status by means of the Peabody Developmental Motor Scales-2-measuring instrument (PDMS-2). This measuring instrument consists of five sub-scales that are converted to a gross motor, fine motor and total motor quotient. After applying the stimulation programs for 12 weeks on a daily basis in the group stimulation and the formal individual stimulation programs, the same aspects of the babies’ motor development was tested again by the PDMS-2. The results showed that after 3 – 9 months old babies were exposed to formal stimulation programs and the data was adjusted for age in months, gender, other activities and pretest results, they did not reach their neuro-motor developmental milestones faster than the babies that were exposed to informal stimulation. The results also show that babies that received individual stimulation administered by a primary caregiver did not reach their milestones faster than babies that only received informal stimulation. However, it seems that individual stimulation administered by a primary caregiver is more beneficial than group stimulation. For objective 2 the subjects (N=27) was divided into two groups and were exposed to informal stimulation (n=14) and individual stimulation (n=13) administered by a primary caregiver. A co-variance of analysis was used and effect sizes were determined for the differences that occurred. The results showed that 3 – 9 months old babies that were exposed to a formal stimulation program did not reach their neuro-motor development milestones faster than babies that were exposed to informal stimulation, because the informal stimulation groups achieved significant (d > 0.2) higher scores for the gross motor (d > 0.24), fine motor (d > 0.27) and total motor quotient (d > 0.33). Individual stimulation showed nonsignificant higher mean values for the reflex (ẋ = 10.30), locomotion (ẋ = 9.16) and visual-motor integration sub-scales (ẋ = 9.45), while informal stimulation showed higher mean values for static balance (ẋ = 11.46) and grasping skills (ẋ = 10.21). The conclusion can be made that simulation whether informal, formal or in a group is beneficial to babies, but the baby must be ready for the specific stimulation. The success of informal stimulation depends on the parents’ knowledge and educational levels. Consequently the same results will not necessarily be achieved by parents that are from a less wealthy environment and that have fewer opportunities to obtain knowledge about the optimal stimulation of babies.
Thesis (M.A. (Kinderkinetics))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Tripathi, Tanya. "An INNOVATIVE USE of TECHNOLOGY and ASSOCIATIVE LEARNING to ASSESS PRONE MOTOR LEARNING and DESIGN INTERVENTIONS to ENHANCE MOTOR DEVELOPMENT in INFANTS." VCU Scholars Compass, 2018. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5364.

Full text

Abstract:

Since the introduction of the American Academy of Pediatrics Back to Sleep Campaign infants have not met the recommendation to “incorporate supervised, awake “prone play” in their infant’s daily routine to support motor development and minimize the risk of plagiocephaly”. Interventions are needed to increase infants’ tolerance for prone position and prone playtime to reduce the risk of plagiocephaly and motor delays. Associative learning is the ability to understand causal relationship between events. Operant conditioning is a form of associative learning that occurs by associating a behavior with positive or negative consequences. Operant conditions has been utilized to encourage behaviors such as kicking, reaching and sucking in infants by associating these behaviors with positive reinforcement. This dissertation is a compilation of three papers that each represent a study used to investigate a potential play based interventions to encourage prone motor skills in infants. The first paper describes a series of experiment used to develop the Prone Play Activity Center (PPAC) and experimental protocols used in the other studies. The purpose of the second study was to determine the feasibility of a clinical trial comparing usual care (low tech) to a high-tech intervention based on the principles of operant conditioning to increase tolerance for prone and improve prone motor skills. Ten infants participated in the study where parents of infants in the high tech intervention group (n=5) used the PPAC for 3 weeks to practice prone play. Findings from this study suggested the proposed intervention is feasible with some modifications for a future large-scale clinical trial. The purpose of the third study evaluated the ability of 3-6 months old infants to demonstrate AL in prone and remember the association learned a day later. Findings from this study suggested that a majority of infants demonstrated AL in prone with poor retention of the association, 24 hours later. Taken together these 3 papers provide preliminary evidence that a clinical trial of an intervention is feasible and that associative learning could be used to reinforce specific prone motor behaviors in the majority of infants.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Giachetta, Luciana. "Caracterização do desempenho motor de recém-nascidos em unidade neonatal de nível terciário." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5141/tde-02022016-160512/.

Full text

Abstract:

Introdução: O conhecimento da seqüência do desenvolvimento e a utilização de um instrumento de avaliação validado são ferramentas úteis para guiar os profissionais sobre a necessidade ou não do encaminhamento dos recém-nascidos de risco para os serviços de seguimento ambulatorial. O TIMP (Test of Infant Motor Performance) é um instrumento de avaliação desenvolvido para recém-nascidos pré-termo com idade gestacional de 34 semanas até 4 meses de idade corrigida com alto valor preditivo para aplicação em unidade neonatal. Objetivo: Caracterizar o desempenho motor de recém-nascidos em unidade neonatal de nível terciário e comparar os resultados obtidos aos valores normativos preconizados pelo TIMP. Métodos: Foram incluídos 136 recém-nascidos com idade gestacional corrigida entre 34 a 416/7, em respiração espontânea e estado de consciência 4 ou 5, segundo Brazelton. O TIMP foi aplicado por um fisioterapeuta previamente habilitado, uma única vez em cada recém-nascido, no momento em que estes preencheram os critérios de inclusão durante a internação na unidade neonatal. Para a avaliação comparativa entre os recém-nascidos estudados com os valores normativos do teste, os mesmos foram divididos em quatro grupos: recém-nascidos entre 34 e 356/7 semanas; recém-nascidos entre 36 e 376/7 semanas; recém-nascidos entre 38 e 396/7 semanas e recém-nascidos entre 40 e 416/7 semanas. Na comparação entre os grupos foi utilizada análise de variância (ANOVA) ou teste Kruskal-Wallis e comparações múltiplas de Bonferroni. Os escores TIMP foram comparados com os respectivos valores médios de referência em cada grupo etário através do teste t-Student. Foram calculados os valores de Z-escore e o número de recém-nascidos em cada grupo etário abaixo do percentil 5. Foi considerado significante o valor de p< 0,05. Resultados: Os grupos etários de 34-35 e 36-37 semanas apresentaram escore TIMP semelhante aos valores de referência (p > 0,05); já nos grupos etários de 38-39 e 40-41 semanas os escores TIMP foram estatisticamente menores que os valores de referência (p < 0,001 e p = 0,018 respectivamente). Os grupos de 34-35 semanas e 36-37 semanas foram classificados como dentro da média, enquanto os grupos 38-39 semanas e 40-41 semanas foram classificados como média baixa. A classificação abaixo da média e muito abaixo da média não foi observada em nenhum dos grupos estudados. Conclusões: Houve diferença significativa no desempenho motor dos recém-nascidos nos grupos etários de 38-39 semanas e 40-41 semanas quando comparados aos valores normativos do TIMP. Esse comportamento sugere que a casuística estudada apresenta particularidades que possivelmente influenciaram seu desempenho motor. Apesar da média baixa em dois grupos, todos os recém-nascidos foram classificados como dentro da média, demonstrando que o TIMP é um instrumento de grande utilidade e pode ser usado com segurança em unidade neonatal terciária
Introduction: knowledge of follow-up of the development and use of a validated assessment tool are useful instruments to guide healthcare providers for the need of referring or not the newborns at risk to follow-up services. The TIMP (Test of Infant Motor Performance) is an assessment tool designed for preterm infants with gestational age of 34 weeks up to 4 months of age adjusted to a high predictive value for application in neonatal unit. Objective: to characterize the motor performance of newborns in neonatal unit of tertiary level and compare the results to the regulatory values recommended by the TIMP. Methods: we included 136 newborns with adjusted gestational age between 34 to 416/7, in spontaneous breathing and State of consciousness 4 or 5, according to Brazelton. The TIMP was applied by a previously trained physical therapist, once in every newborn, when they met the criteria for inclusion during the hospitalization in the neonatal unit. For benchmarking among newborns studied with the normative values of the test, they were divided into four groups: newborns between 34 and 356/7 weeks; newborns between 36 and 376/7 weeks; newborns between 38 and 396/7 weeks; newborns between 40 and 416/7 weeks. For the comparison between the groups, it was used analysis of variance (ANOVA) Kruskal-Wallis test and multiple Bonferroni comparisons. The TIMP scores were compared with their average values of reference in each age group through t-Student test. It was calculated the values of Z-score and the number of newborns in each age group below percentile 5. It was considered significant the value of p < 0.05. Results: The age groups of 34-35 and 36-37 weeks showed the TIMP score similar to reference values (p > 0.05); as for the age groups 38-39 and 40-41 weeks, the TIMP scores were statistically lower than the reference values (p= 0.001 and p = 0.018 < respectively). Groups of 34-35 weeks and 36-37 weeks were classified as average, while the 38 groups-39 weeks and 40-41 weeks were classified as low average. The classifications below average and far below average were not observed in any of the groups studied. Conclusions: There was no significant difference in motor performance of newborns in the age groups of 38-39 weeks and 40-41 weeks when compared with the normative values of TIMP. This behavior suggests that the material studied presents peculiarities that possibly influenced its motor performance. Despite the low average rating in the two groups, all newborns were rated as average, demonstrating that the TIMP is a very useful tool and can be safely used in a tertiary neonatal unit

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Defilipo, Érica Cesário. "Oportunidades do ambiente domiciliar e fatores associados para o desenvolvimento motor entre três e 18 meses de idade." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, 2011. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/2132.

Full text

Abstract:

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-07-18T18:28:35Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ericacesariodefilipo.pdf: 7442788 bytes, checksum: cb467a3b9547a0a36ad6cedffc55ac02 (MD5)
Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-07-22T15:11:49Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 ericacesariodefilipo.pdf: 7442788 bytes, checksum: cb467a3b9547a0a36ad6cedffc55ac02 (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-22T15:11:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ericacesariodefilipo.pdf: 7442788 bytes, checksum: cb467a3b9547a0a36ad6cedffc55ac02 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-03-29
CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
O ambiente domiciliar tem sido apontado na literatura como um dos fatores extrínsecos que mais influencia o desenvolvimento, pois proporciona à criança oportunidades para a exploração que permitem que o comportamento motor seja estimulado de forma natural. A interação com os pais, a variabilidade de estimulação e a disponibilidade de brinquedos são indicadores críticos para a qualidade do ambiente familiar. Os objetivos do presente estudo foram avaliar as oportunidades presentes no ambiente domiciliar para o desenvolvimento motor de lactentes com idade entre três e 18 meses, residentes no município de Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, e verificar a associação destas com os fatores biológicos, comportamentais, demográficos e socioeconômicos. Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico, transversal, baseado em inquérito populacional. Os participantes desta pesquisa foram selecionados por processo de amostragem aleatória, estratificada e conglomerada em múltiplos estágios. As unidades primárias de amostragem foram os setores censitários e a base populacional utilizada foi construída a partir de um levantamento prévio. Participaram do estudo 239 lactentes com idade entre três e 18 meses. Foram coletados dados das características do lactente e de sua família e aplicado o questionário da Associação Brasileira de Empresas de Pesquisa. Posteriormente, os pais preencheram o questionário Affordance in the Home Environment for Motor Development –Infant Scale, que avalia as oportunidades para o desenvolvimento motor presentes no ambiente domiciliar. Para interpretação dos dados, primeiramente procedeu-se análise bivariada, na qual foi aplicado o teste Qui quadrado (c 2) ou Exato de Fischer. Para verificar as associações das variáveis independentes e de controle com as oportunidades de estímulos ambientais, foi utilizada análise de regressão logística. Os fatores que apresentaram valor de p inferior a 0,10 na análise bivariada foram considerados elegíveis para compor os modelos multivariados. Grande parte da amostra estudada apresentou oportunidades relativamente baixas de estímulos para o desenvolvimento motor no domicílio. Foi encontrada associação significativa entre as oportunidades de estimulação motora presentes no lar e as seguintes variáveis: idade do lactente, tempo de aleitamento, necessidade de internação, número de pessoas, adultos e crianças no domicílio, chefe da família, escolaridade materna e paterna, estado civil da mãe, convívio com o pai, classificação socioeconômica, renda mensal e per capta e tipo de residência. Após a análise de regressão logística, foi verificado que lactentes com maior idade e que permaneceram internados no primeiro ano de vida apresentaram melhores oportunidade de estimulação para o desenvolvimento motor. O maior nível socioeconômico, a maior escolaridade da mãe e o fato do pai ser considerado o chefe da família foram fatores preditores para um ambiente com oportunidades mais adequadas. Os resultados sugerem também que lactentes que residem em casa, comparada ao apartamento, com mais de três adultos possuem ambiente mais rico em oportunidades de estimulação. Na análise estratificada por faixas etárias, verificou-se que para o grupo com idade entre três e nove meses o tempo de aleitamento, a presença de irmãos, o número de adultos no domicílio, o tipo de residência, a classificação socioeconômica e a renda mensal foram os principais fatores associados às oportunidades de desenvolvimento motor presentes no domicílio. Para o grupo com idade entre dez e 18 meses, os principais fatores associados às melhores oportunidades de estimulação motora no lar foram o estado civil da mãe, a escolaridade paterna e materna, a classificação socioeconômica e a renda per capta. Os resultados permitiram identificar os principais fatores associados às oportunidades presentes no domicílio para o desenvolvimento motor, através de uma visão global do contexto em que a criança vive. Desta forma, o estudo aponta para a necessidade de planejamento de ações em saúde, educação e políticas públicas que considerem os aspectos aqui investigados, a fim de melhorar a realidade encontrada.
The home environment has been reported as one of the factors that most influence the development as it provides the child opportunities for exploration that allows the motor behavior to be stimulated naturally. The interaction with their parents, the variability of stimulation and the materials for play are critical indicators for the quality of family environment. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the opportunities present in the home environment for motor development of infants aged between three and 18 months, residents in Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, and the association of these biological, behavioral, demographic and socioeconomic factors. This is an epidemiological, cross-sectional population-based survey. Participants in this research were selected by random sampling process stratified multistage cluster. The primary sampling units were census tracts and the population base used was built from a previous survey. The study included 239 infants aged between three and 18 months. Data on characteristics of the infant and his family were collected and the questionnaire of the Associação Brasileira de Empresas de Pesquisa was applied. Subsequently, parents completed the questionnaire Affordance in the Home Environment for Motor Development –Infant Scale, which assesses the opportunities for motor development in domiciliary environments. To interpret the data, first proceeded the bivariate analysis, in which was applied the chi-square (c 2) or Fisher exact. To verify the associations of independent and control variables with the opportunities in home environment, logistic regression analysis was used. The factors that showed p less than 0.10 in bivariate analysis were considered eligible to write the multivariate models. Great part of the sample studied showed low opportunities of home environment. Significant association was found between the opportunities for motor stimulation present at home and the following variables: age, duration of breastfeeding, need for hospitalization in the first year of life, number of people, adults and children in the household, family head, maternal and paternal education, mother's marital status, socialization with father, socioeconomic status, monthly incomes and per capta and type of residence. After regression it was found that infants with older age and that were hospitalized in the first year of life had better opportunities of stimulation for motor development. The higher socioeconomic status, the greater education of the mother and the fact of the father be considered the head of the family were predictors of a more suitable environment with opportunities. The results also suggest that infants who live at home, compared to apartment, with three or more adults have richer environment of opportunities for stimulation. The stratified analysis by age showed that for the group aged between three and nine months, the duration of breastfeeding, the presence of siblings, the number of adults in the household, type of residence, socioeconomic status and the monthly income were the main factors associated with opportunities for motor development present in the home. For the group aged between ten and 18 months, the main factors associated with better opportunities for motor stimulation in the home were the mother's marital status, maternal and paternal education, socioeconomic status and income per capta. The results showed the main factors associated to the opportunities present in the home environment for motor development through an overview of the context in which the child lives. Thus, this study highlights the need for planning of public health and public politics that consider the aspects investigated here in order to improve the actual situation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Chen, Chao-Ying. "Cognitive, motor, and autonomic function in infants with complex congenital heart diseases, infants born preterm, and infants born full-term." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1408984094.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Böhm, Birgitta. "Risk and resilience in children born preterm : cognitive and executive functioning at 5 1/2 years of age /." Stockholm, 2003. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2003/91-7349-729-0/.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Chile, Dayane Mello Pattis. "Influência dos determinantes ambientais no desenvolvimento motor de crianças das creches públicas de Aracaju-SE." Universidade Federal de Sergipe, 2013. https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/3906.

Full text

Abstract:

The infant motor development is the individual s ability to perform increasingly complex functions and is associated with age. The development is due to the requirement of the task, the biology of the individual and the interaction with the environment in which it entered, and this interaction acts decisively and may aggravate or mitigate the impact of development on biological risk. Motor delays at this stage of development cause damage that may extend into adulthood. The present study aims at analyzing the influence of environmental determinants on motor development of children from public daycare centers in Aracaju / SE, whose instrument of data collection was the Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS). It was observed that 58.82% of children had a normal motor development, 29.42% suspect motor development and 11.76% remaining have delayed motor development. The results indicate that the length of stay of children in day care centers are not leveraging the appropriate motor development of children, as it is not perceived improvement in motor behavior of children aged 12-18 months, when compared to children attending the nurseries for a shorter time (06-12 months old). In general it can be concluded that the process of motor development is influenced by environmental factors such as lack of good opportunities stimulus via appropriate toys, wider spaces to play and explore the environment among others, limiting motor performance of children in day care centers.
O desenvolvimento motor infantil é a capacidade do indivíduo para realizar funções cada vez mais complexas e está relacionado com a idade. O desenvolvimento é decorrente da exigência da tarefa, da biologia do indivíduo e da interação com o ambiente na qual esta inserido, sendo que esta interação atua de modo decisivo, podendo atenuar ou agravar o impacto do risco biológico no desenvolvimento. Atrasos motores nesta fase do desenvolvimento acarretam prejuízos que podem se estender até a fase adulta. O presente estudo tem por objetivo analisar a influência dos determinantes ambientais no desenvolvimento motor de crianças das creches públicas de Aracaju/SE, cujo instrumento de coleta dos dados foi a Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS). Observou-se que 58,82% das crianças apresentaram um desenvolvimento motor normal; 29,42% desenvolvimento motor suspeito e o restante 11,76% apresentam atraso no desenvolvimento motor. Os resultados obtidos nos indicam que o tempo de permanência das crianças nas creches não está potencializando o adequado desenvolvimento motor das crianças, já que não se percebe melhora no comportamento motor das crianças na faixa etária de 12-18 meses, quando comparada as crianças frequentadoras das creches há menos tempo (06-12 meses de idade). De modo geral pode-se concluir que o processo de desenvolvimento motor sofre influência de fatores ambientais como falta de boas oportunidades de estímulo via brinquedos adequados, espaços mais amplos para brincar e explorar o ambiente entre outros, limitando o desempenho motor das crianças nas creches.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Santos, Viviane Martins. "Avaliação do desenvolvimento motor de recém-nascidos pré-termo tardios até a idade gestacional corrigida de 40 semanas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5141/tde-24102014-123617/.

Full text

Abstract:

INTRODUÇÃO: Os relatos do desenvolvimento motor de recém-nascidos prétermo (RNPT) extremo são razoavelmente bem documentados, mas pouco se sabe sobre o desenvolvimento de RNPT Tardios (RNPT T). OBJETIVOS: Analisar o desenvolvimento motor de RNPT T desde o nascimento até a idade corrigida de termo e comparar ao de recém-nascidos de termo (RNT) ao nascer. MÉTODOS: Foi realizado um estudo de coorte, prospectivo, com 29 RNPT Te 88 RNT de 4 hospitais credenciados à rede pública de saúde no município de Cuiabá/MT. OS RNPT T foram submetidos à avaliação motora através do Test of Infant Motor Performance (TIMP) ao nascer, realizaram US de crânio nas duas primeiras semanas de vida e repetiram o TIMP a cada duas semanas até a idade equivalente ao termo, bem como as medidas de peso, comprimento e perímetro cefálico. Ao termo, foi realizada uma avaliação neurológica pelo método de Dubowitz. Os RNT foram submetidos à avaliação motora pelo TIMP e neurológica de Dubowitz ao nascer. ANÁLISE ESTATÍSTICA: O tamanho da amostra definiu 29 crianças no grupo RNPT T, considerando um poder de teste de 80% e nível de significância de 5%. As análises basearam-se nos testes Exato de Fisher e Qui Quadrado e para comparação das variáveis quantitativas, os testes t de Student para duas amostras pareadas e teste t de Student para duas amostras independentes. Para análise dos fatores preditores do TIMP ao T foi realizada Regressão Múltipla Linear. RESULTADOS: Dos 29 RNPT T avaliados, 23 (79,3%) apresentaram US de crânio dentro da normalidade, 2 (6,9%) hemorragia intracraniana (HIC) grau I e 4 (13,8%) HIC grau I bilateral. O escore total do TIMP aumentou significativamente a partir de 38 - 39 semanas no grupo RNPT T (51,9 ± 5,8 às 34-35 sem, 53,6 ± 6,4 às 36-37 sem, 57,7 ± 7,3 às 38-39 sem e 62,6 ± 5,2 às 40 sem) (p < 0,05). As médias dos escores do TIMP de RNPT T em idades equivalentes às dos RNT ao nascer foram, às 38- 39 sem, de 57,7 ± 7,3 e 59,8 ± 6,4 e, às 40 sem, de 62,6 ± 5,2 e 61,7 ± 5,0,respectivamente, sem diferenças estatísticas entre estes. Por análise de regressão múltipla linear foram identificados a idade materna e o perímetro cefálico como preditores do TIMP em RNPT T em idade equivalente ao termo. Não foram encontradas diferenças ao comparar os escores das avaliações neurológicas pelo método Dubowitz de RNPT T aos de termo ao nascer. CONCLUSÃO: RNPT T de baixo risco podem apresentar evolução motora com aumento significante a partir de 38-39 semanas pós-termo, alcançando desempenho motor em idade equivalente ao termo, semelhante ao de RNT ao nascer. A idade materna e o PC foram identificados como preditores do escore do TIMP em RNPT T à idade corrigida de termo
INTRODUCTION: Reports on the motor development of extremely preterm infants are frequent in the literature, but little is known about the development of late preterm infants (LPI). OBJECTIVES: To analyze the motor development of LPI from birth until term-corrected age, and compare with that of term infants (TI) at birth. METHODS: A cohort study was performed, in which the Test of Infant Motor Performance (TIMP) was administered to 29 LPI at birth and repeated every two weeks until term-corrected age, as well as the anthropometric measures of weight, length and head circumference. A cranial ultrasound (US) in the first two weeks of age and a Dubowitz neurological assessment were administered to LPI at term corrected age. The TIMP and the Dubowitz neurological examination were administered to TI at birth. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: The sample size was defined as 29 LPI, considering a test power of 80 % and a significance level of 5. Qualitative variables were compared using the Fisher exact test and Chi Square and Student\'s t test for two samples and paired Student\'s t test for two independent samples for quantitative variables. The multiple linear regression was performed for analysis of predictors of TIMP at term time. RESULTS: Among the 29 LPI evaluated, 23 (79.3%) had a cranial US within normal limits, 2 (6.9%) intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) grade I, and 4 (13.8%) bilateral ICH grade I. The mean TIMP score and standard deviation of LPI was 51.9 ± 5.8 at 34-35 weeks and 62.6 ± 5.2 at 40 weeks. There was a significant increase at 38-39 weeks in the LPI group (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in the motor evaluations between LPI at the age equivalent to TI at birth (38-39 weeks and 40 weeks). The growth of LPI until term was adequate in relation to Alexander curve. After multiple linear regression we found that maternal age and head circumference were predictors of TIMP in LP at term age. No differences were found when comparing the scores of neurological assessments by Dubowitz between LPI and T infants. CONCLUSION: Low risk LPI presented a gradual progression of motor development until the term-corrected age, but differences with TI at birth were not detected. Maternal age and head circumference were identified as predictors of TIMP score at term in LPI

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Arias, Amabile Vessoni. "Desenvolvimento apendicular de lactentes nascidos a termo pequenos para a idade gestacional no primeiro semestre de vida." [s.n.], 2006. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/312220.

Full text

Abstract:

Orientador: Vanda Maria Gimenes Gonçalves
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-07T04:57:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Arias_AmabileVessoni_M.pdf: 1671138 bytes, checksum: 357c2be1e2fe1e36f5c703c54e4dc57b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006
Resumo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar e comparar o desenvolvimento apendicular no 1º, 2º, 3º e 6º meses de lactentes nascidos a termo, pequenos (PIG) ou adequados (AIG) para idade gestacional. O desenho foi de um estudo de corte seccional e de coorte longitudinal. Entre maio de 2000 a julho de 2003, foram selecionados 95 recém-nascidos no Serviço de Neonatologia Centro de Atenção Integral à Saúde da Mulher (Caism/Unicamp). Para cada neonato PIG, os dois neonatos AIG seguintes foram selecionados. O projeto foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa. Foram critérios inclusão: residentes na região de Campinas; idade gestacional entre 37-41 semanas; peso de nascimento menor que percentil 10 para o grupo PIG ou entre percentis 10 e 90 para o grupo AIG. Foram excluídas as síndromes genéticas, malformações, infecções congênitas confirmadas e internados em UTIN. Utilizaram-se as Escalas Mental e Motora das ¿Bayley Scales of Infant Development-II¿. No estudo seccional, foram avaliados no 1º mês, 63 lactentes (18 PIG, 45 AIG); no 2º mês, 68 lactentes (25 PIG, 43 AIG); no 3º mês, 68 lactentes (22 PIG, 46 AIG) e no 6º mês, 67 lactentes (25 PIG, 42 AIG). No estudo longitudinal foram avaliados 28 lactentes (10 PIG, 18 AIG). No estudo seccional o peso ao nascimento foi significativamente menor no grupo PIG (p<0,001). Houve diferença entre os grupos quanto às mães com outra ocupação, 0,18 vezes mais associadas e grau de escolaridade materna menor que 8 anos, 3,71 vezes mais associada ao grupo PIG. O ¿Index Score¿ (IS) motor foi significativamente menor no grupo PIG no 2º mês (p=0,010). Houve diferença significativa para as provas: MO12 (tenta levar mão à boca, p=0,015) no 1º mês; ME35 (brinca com chocalho, p=0,024) e ME38 (estende mão em direção ao aro suspenso, p=0,022) no 3º mês. Houve diferença significativa para as provas avaliadas no 6º mês: ME59 (manipula sino com interesse nos detalhes, p=0,012); ME62 (puxa barbante para segurar aro, p=0,049). Houve tendência à diferença significativa para as provas MO06 (mãos cerradas maior parte do tempo, p=0,067) no 1º mês; MO31 (usa oponência parcial do polegar para apanhar cubo, p=0,077) e ME54 (transfere objetos de uma mão para outra, p=0,081) no 6º mês. No estudo longitudinal, a ¿performance¿ motora foi semelhante entre os grupos, contudo houve diferença significativa entre os meses (p=0,006) com maior freqüência de classificação inadequada no 3º mês. O IS motor foi significativamente menor no grupo PIG (p=0,039), com o menor IS no 3º mês (p=<0,000). Houve diferença significativa entre o 3º e 6º meses na prova MO29 (apanha bastão com toda a mão, p=<0,000), executada com maior freqüência no 6º mês por ambos os grupos. Houve tendência à diferença significativa entre o 2º e 3º meses na prova ME35 (brinca com chocalho, p=0,083)
Abstract: The objective of this study was to assess and to compare the fine motor development of infants in the 1st 2nd, 3rd and 6th months of full-term appropriate (AGA) or small-for-gestational age (SGA) infants. The research design was a prospective cross-sectional cohort study and a follow-up study. From May 2000 to July 2003, 95 full-term neonates were selected at Neonatology Service at the Center of Integral attention to Woman¿s Health (Caism/Unicamp). When a SGA neonate was chosen, the following two AGA neonates were selected. Ethical permission was obtained from the Research Ethics Committee of the Medical School at Unicamp. Inclusion criteria were: subjects living in Campinas; gestational age categorized as full-term (37-41 weeks); birth weight less than the 10th percentile for the SGA group and between the 10th and the 90th percentile for the AGA group. Genetic syndromes, multiple congenital malformations, verified congenital infections, the ones admitted at NICU. The Motor and Mental Scales of the Bayley Scales of Infant Development-II was used. The cross-sectional study evaluated in the 1st month, 63 infants (18 SGA, 45 AGA); in the 2nd month, 68 infants (25 SGA, 43 AGA); in the 3rd month, 68 infants (22 SGA, 46 AGA); in the 6th month, 67 (25 SGA, 42 AIG) infants. The longitudinal study evaluated 28 infants (10 SGA e 18 AGA). In the cross-sectional study the birth weight was significantly lower in the SGA group. There was significant difference between the mothers with another occupation, 0.18 times more associated and level of maternal education lower that 8 years, 3.71 times more associated with the SGA group. The motor index score (IS) was significantly lower in the SGA group in the 2nd month (p=0.010). There was significant difference in the items: MO12 (attempts to bring hands to mouth, p=0.015) in the 1st month; ME35 (plays with rattle, p=0.024) and ME38 (reaches for suspended ring, p=0.022) in the 3rd month. There was significant difference in the items in the 6th month: ME59 (manipulates bell, p=0.012); ME62 (pulls string adaptively to secure ring, p=0.049). There was a trend to significant difference in the items: MO06- (hands are fisted, p=0.067) in the 1st month; MO31 (uses partial thumb opposition to grasp cube, p=0.077) and ME54 (transfers object from hand, p=0.081) in the 6th month. In the longitudinal study the motor performance was similar between the groups, however there was significant difference among the months (p=0.006), with higher frequency of inadequate classification in the SGA group in the 3rd month. The motor IS was significantly lower in the SGA group (p=0.039), with the lowest motor IS in the 3rd month (p=<0.000). There was significant difference among the 3rd and 6th months in the item MO29 (uses whole hand to grasp rod, p=<0.000), with higher frequency in both groups, in the 6th month. There was a trend to significant difference among the 2nd and 3rd months in the item ME35 (plays with rattle, p=0.083)
Mestrado
Neurologia
Mestre em Ciências Médicas

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Rodrigues, Jacqueline Rossi Alvares 1978. "Fisioterapia preventiva no SUS = caracterização do desempenho motor de lactente em situação de risco." [s.n.], 2011. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/309629.

Full text

Abstract:

Orientador: Heloisa Gagheggi Ravanini Gardon Gagliardo
Dissertação (mestrado profissional) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-19T03:43:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rodrigues_JacquelineRossiAlvares_M.pdf: 537774 bytes, checksum: 8346c97aabe361faeadc84b7f2520858 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011
Resumo: Recém-nascidos com risco de morbimortalidade são alvo de cuidados neonatais intensivos e de programas de monitoramento do desenvolvimento infantil. No Sistema Único de Saúde, o fisioterapeuta é um dos membros da equipe de atenção a esta população, contribuindo para a promoção da saúde, para a prevenção de alterações do desempenho motor e intervenção reabilitacional. No Programa Recém-nascido de Risco da Prefeitura Municipal de Sorocaba/ SP, o fisioterapeuta realiza o atendimento preventivo para essa população, localizado em uma unidade de saúde pública de atenção secundária. Os objetivos deste estudo foram: investigar a viabilidade de utilização e instrumento padronizado de avaliação do desempenho motor e suas contribuições para ações preventivas e de promoção do desenvolvimento infantil realizadas pelo fisioterapeuta em serviço público, caracterizar a população de recém-nascidos do Programa encaminhados para fisioterapia no que se refere a suas características ao nascimento, diagnóstico e desempenho motor, verificar a existência de associação entre as condições do nascimento e atraso do desempenho motor e analisar o tempo de aplicação do instrumento de escolha. Os lactentes foram selecionados no próprio serviço, no período de setembro de 2009 a fevereiro de 2010, considerando para a inclusão os critérios definidas no Programa RN de Risco, idade corrigida de até 4 meses e que tiveram anuência dos pais mediante termo de consentimento livre e esclarecido. Foram excluídos os lactentes que apresentaram desconforto como choro excessivo, estado de vigília alterado e dispnéia que comprometeram a conclusão da avaliação. A amostra foi constituída de 24 lactentes. Para levantamento dos dados clínicos realizou-se consulta aos encaminhamentos médicos, prontuários, resumos de alta e caderneta de saúde da criança. Para avaliação do desempenho motor utilizou-se o Test of Infant Motor Performance - TIMP (versão 5.1 em português). Os resultados obtidos revelaram que a amostra do estudo representou 77,42% da demanda do serviço no período. Detectou-se que 79,16% (19 lactentes) apresentaram diagnóstico de prematuridade, com média de idade gestacional de 34 semanas e peso ao nascimento de 1.909 gramas. A média de idade corrigida foi de 6 semanas no dia da avaliação. O desempenho motor da amostra estava abaixo da média (com atraso) para 17 lactentes (70,83% da amostra). Ao Teste Exato de Fisher, não foi possível encontrar associação entre o atraso do desempenho e prematuridade (p = 0,605), demais diagnóstico de lactentes a termo (p= 0,608) ou baixo peso entre os prematuros (p = 0,737), para um nível de significância considerado p ? 0, 05. O tempo médio utilizado para realização do TIMP foi de aproximadamente 28 minutos. Mediante os achados conclui-se que a maioria dos lactentes tinha importantes indicadores de risco para o neurodesenvolvimento, que são a prematuridade e o baixo peso, mas para a amostra da pesquisa nenhum indicador foi determinante para a presença de atraso do desempenho motor. O uso do TIMP foi considerado viável, pois a idade de indicação para seu uso atingiu a maioria dos lactentes atendidos no período do estudo, o tempo de sua aplicação foi de acordo com as instruções do teste e atende as necessidades da rotina de um serviço público. O uso do TIMP permitiu ainda a detecção de atraso do desempenho motor da maioria dos lactentes avaliados. A pesquisa forneceu as informações necessárias para conhecer a demanda do serviço, propiciando subsídio para planejamento de ações futuras para crianças com alterações do desenvolvimento motor atendidas pela fisioterapia preventiva no município pelo Sistema Único de Saúde
Abstract: Newborns at risk of morbidity and mortality are subject to intensive neonatal care and monitoring programs of child development. In the Brazilian's National Health System, the physiotherapist is a member of a staff attention to this population contributing to health promotion, prevention of alterations in motor performance and intervention rehabilitational. In Newborn at Risk Program of the Sorocaba / São Paulo, the therapist does preventive intervention of this population, located in a public health unit for secondary care. The objectives of this study were to investigate the viability of use and standardized instrument for assessing motor performance and their contributions to preventive measures and promotion of child development conducted by physiotherapists in public service, to characterize the population of newborns referred for physical therapy program with regard to their birth characteristics, diagnosis, and motor performance, verify the existence of an association between the conditions of birth and delayed motor performance and analyze the application time of the instrument of choice. The infants were selected in the service during the period September 2009 to February 2010, considering the inclusion criteria defined by the Newborn at Risk Program, 4 months corrected age and who had parental consent. Infants were excluded who had discomfort as excessive crying, waking and dyspnea changes that compromised the assessment is complete. The sample consisted of 24 infants. The clinical diagnostics data were collected at medical referrals, medical records, discharge summaries and the child's health record. To evaluate the motor performance, we used the Test of Infant Motor Performance - TIMP (version 5.1 in Portuguese). The results revealed that the study sample represented 77.42% of the demand in the period. We found that 79.16% (19 infants) were diagnosed with preterm birth, with an average of 34 weeks gestational age and birth weight of 1,909 grams. Mean corrected age was 6 weeks on the day of assessment. The motor performance of the sample was below average (with delay) to 17 infants (70.83% of the sample). By Fisher's exact test, could not find an association between the delay performance and prematurity (p = 0.605), other diagnosis of full-term infants (p = 0.608) or low birth weight among infants (p = 0.737), to a level of significance p ? 0,05. The average time used to perform the TIMP was approximately 28 minutes. Through the findings we concluded that the majority of infants had majopr risk factors for neurodevelçpment, wich are prematurity and low weight at birth, but for this research sample was no indicator for determining the presence of delayed motor performance. The use of TIMP was considered viable because of the age indication for its use has reached the majority of infants treated during the study period, the time of its application was in accordance with the instructions of the test and showed the needs of a routine public service. The use of TIMP also allowed the detection of delayed motor performance of the majority of infants evaluated. The research provide the information necessary to know the demand of the service, providing subsidy for planning future actions for children with delayed motor development attended by preventive physical therapy in the municipality by the Brazilian's National Health System
Mestrado
Interdisciplinaridade e Reabilitação
Mestre em Saúde, Interdisciplinaridade e Reabilitação

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Šimkutė, Vaida. "Kineziterapijos efektyvumas judėjimo funkcijų atsiradimo laikui giliai ir vidutiniškai neišnešiotiems kūdikiams pagal koreguoto amžiaus rodiklius." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2006. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2006~D_20060508_173104-28524.

Full text

Abstract:

Infants born prior to the term of 36 gestation weeks and 6 days are considered preterm infants. The number of preterm infants in Lithuania amounts to 5 – 6% per year. The most significant health problems of such infants in the neonate period are caused by immaturity of the organs and their systems. Knowledge of a preterm infant’s psychomotoric development contributes to early notification of disorders, more effective composition of problem-orientated corrective programs and monitoring of development progress. According to the reference literature, early application of physical therapy enables recovery of as much as 50 percent of infants and improvement of the condition of the rest. The goal of this thesis is to determine within which group: in the preterm infants (extremely preterm (born within 25-30 gestation week) or very preterm infants (born within 31-36 gestation week)), physical therapy has major effect for the emergence time of motor function. The objectives of the thesis are as follows: 1. Comparison of emergence time of motor functions with regard to extremely preterm and very preterm infants within the same stage of corrected age. 2. Comparison of motor development of the extremely preterm and very preterm infant groups and within each separate group considering the gender aspect. 3. Comparison of motor development alternation of the extremely preterm and very preterm infant groups and within each separate group considering the aspect of applied surgical treatment... [to full text]

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Murray, G. (Graham). "Early development and adult cognitive function in schizophrenia and the general population—a longitudinal perspective." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2005. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9514278925.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Many adults with schizophrenia have cognitive deficits, and many children who go on to develop schizophrenia as adults have subtle sub-clinical signs of early developmental deviance. However, the relationship between early markers of neurodevelopment and later neurocognition remains unclear. The present thesis principally investigates infant neurodevelopment, adolescent scholastic function and adult cognition in the Northern Finland 1966 Birth Cohort (n = 12,058). Proxy markers of neurocognition – developmental milestones and school performance – were collected prospectively. Individuals who went on to develop schizophrenia were identified. School performance in pre-schizophrenic individuals was assessed by teacher ratings (n = 100). Cognition in subjects with schizophrenia was assessed at age 33–35 (n = 61). A representative sample of the general population at risk was studied as a comparison group (school assessments n = 9351; neurocognitive assessment n = 104). The schizophrenia group achieved neuromotor milestones later (p < 0.0001) and performed worse than the control group on all cognitive measures (p < 0.0025). In pooled analyses there were associations between infant motor development and adult cognition in executive function (p = 0.006), verbal learning (p = 0.007) and visuospatial working memory (p = 0.02), (earlier development was linked to better adult cognition) but not in visual object learning. The pattern of associations between development and adult cognition was broadly similar in schizophrenia and the general population, whereas associations between development and adolescent scholastic function were stronger in schizophrenia than in controls (p < 0.05). A complementary neuropsychological case study of spontaneous clinical and cognitive improvement in chronic schizophrenia is also presented, showing that cognitive deficits in schizophrenia do not always represent a static encephalopathy, but can be subject to marked improvement. The possibility of using knowledge about premorbid features to help predict and prevent schizophrenia is also critically reviewed, using the school setting as a practical example. It is concluded that many obstacles remain before knowledge about premorbid features can be translated to preventative interventions. Overall, the results of these investigations are consistent with the hypothesis that in schizophrenia, mild infant motor developmental delay, adolescent scholastic performance and cognitive deficits may be age dependent manifestations of the same underlying neural process. Thus, they may be better considered as part of a single longitudinal syndrome
Tiivistelmä Skitsofreniaa sairastavilla aikuisilla on kognitiivisten toimintojen puutoksia. Kognitiivisia (tiedon prosessoinnin) toimintoja ovat esimerkiksi tarkkaavaisuus, huomiokyky, oppiminen, muisti, asioiden suunnittelu ja ongelmanratkaisu. Monilla lapsilla, jotka sairastuvat aikuisiällä skitsofreniaan, on vähäisiä, kliinisesti merkityksettömiä varhaisen kehityksen poikkeamia tai hitautta. Varhaisen kehityksen ja myöhemmän kognition yhteys on toistaiseksi epäselvä. Tämä tutkimus selvittää varhaisen hermostonkehityksen, nuoruusiän koulunkäynnin ja aikuisiän kognition yhteyttä Pohjois-Suomen 1966 syntymäkohortissa (N = 12 058). Tiedot hermoston tietotoimintoja kuvaavista muuttujista (varhainen kehitys ja koulumenestys) kerättiin prospektiivisesti, samoin tieto skitsofreniaan sairastumisesta. Opettajat arvioivat tutkittavien (n = 100) koulumenestystä ennen sairastumista. Skitsofreniaa sairastavien kognitiivinen suorituskyky arvioitiin 33–35 vuoden iässä (n = 61). Vertailuryhmänä käytettiin edustavaa otosta yleisväestöstä (koulumenestys n = 9351; kognitiivinen suorituskyky n = 104). Skitsofreniaryhmä saavutti motoriset kehityskynnykset (kuten seisomaan ja kävelemään oppiminen) keskimäärin merkittävästi myöhemmin ja suoriutui huonommin kuin kontrolliryhmä kaikissa kognitiivisen suorituskyvyn mittauksissa. Lisäksi varhaisen motorisen kehityksen ja aikuisiän kognitiivisen suorituskyvyn välillä havaittiin yhteys. Erityisesti varhainen motorinen kehitys ennusti hyvää toiminnanohjausta, verbaalista oppimista ja visuospatiaalista työmuistia. Vastaavaa yhteyttä ei havaittu visuaalisen oppimisen alueella. Varhaisen kehityksen ja aikuisiän kognitiivisten toimintojen yhteys oli samantyyppinen sekä skitsofreniassa että yleisväestössä, kun taas varhaisen kehityksen ja nuoruusiän koulumenetyksen yhteys oli vahvempi skitsofreniaan sairastuneilla kuin verrokkihenkilöillä. Yhtenä osatyönä esitetään tapausselostus, jossa kaksi kroonista skitsofreniaa sairastavaa henkilöä toipui spontaanisti sekä kliinisesti ja kognitiivisesti. Tapausselostus osoittaa, että skitsofreniaan liittyvä kognitiivisen tason lasku ei välttämättä heijasta pysyvää aivojen toiminnantason laskua, vaan tila voi huomattavasti korjaantua. Tutkimuksen osana on myös katsaus siitä, missä määrin on mahdollista ennustaa skitsofreniaa sairautta edeltävien piirteiden ja koulussa tehtyjen havaintojen perusteella. Katsauksen valossa on ilmeistä, että on edelleen hyvin vaikea hyödyntää sairautta edeltäviä piirteitä tulevan sairauden ennustamisessa ja etenkin ehkäisyssä. Yhteenvetona voidaan todeta tämän tutkimuksen keskeisten tulosten tukevan hypoteesia, jonka mukaan skitsofreniaan myöhemmin sairastuneilla havaittu lievä varhaisen motorisen kehityksen viive, heikko nuoruusiän koulumenestys ja kognitiivisen tason lasku heijastanevat ikäsidonnaista keskushermoston kehitysprosessia ja voivat olla osa samasta pitkittäisestä oirekokonaisuudesta

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Soares, Daniele de Almeida. "Desenvolvimento e efeito do peso adicional no comportamento exploratório manual de lactentes pré-termo tardios." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/5280.

Full text

Abstract:

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:19:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 3598.pdf: 1656101 bytes, checksum: 5a2e1fda1dddbe758b4f2be808a80795 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-28
Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais
Background: During the first year of life, the human infant learns fundamental behaviors, such as reaching and manipulating, which will be extensively performed to explore objects. This exploration is performed by means of diversified manual actions, which may be influenced by organic immaturity, such as late prematurity, and by external perturbations, such as addition of weight load on upper limbs. Objective: This work had as general aim to verify the manual exploratory behavior in late preterm infants and full-term infants from 5 to 7 months of age, with and without additional weight load on wrists. Methods: Nine low-risk preterm infants (5 male) with minimal and maximal gestational ages of, respectively, 34 and 36 weeks and 6 days (M =35.6 ± 0.5) and mean birth weight of 2.960±0.25 kilograms, and 10 healthy fullterm infants (4 male) with minimal and maximal gestational ages of, respectively, 38 and 42 weeks (M =39.0 ± 0.73) and mean birth weight of 3.363 ± 0.14 kilograms, participated in this research. The infants were evaluated longitudinally at 5, 6 and 7 months of age (corrected to the preterm infants). The infants were placed in a baby chair reclined 50º from the horizontal and were tested in two experimental conditions: without the use of weight load (A) and with the use of weight load (B). During condition A, an attractive, silent and malleable rubber object, unfamiliar to the infants, was presented by the examiner at the infant s midline for 120 seconds. The infant could freely explore the object by up to 20 seconds or up to drop it. During condition B the same procedure conducted during condition A was carried out, however a bracelet weighting 20% of total arm mass was attached to the infant's both wrists. The evaluations were recorded by three digital cameras and analyzed frame by frame. The manual exploratory actions were coded as Fingering, Mouthing, Waving, Banging on the Object, Banging the Object, Transferring, Rotating, and Alternating. Results: The age of 7 months seemed to represent a gain in frequencies of actions Fingering, Waving, Banging-the-object and Rotating in preterm infants. They performed a lower frequency of action Mouthing compared to full-term infants at all ages (p<0.05). There were no significant differences (p>0.05) between conditions A and B in any studied variable, regardless of group or age. Conclusions: There were a decrease in the frequency of Fingering and an increase in the frequencies of Waving, Banging the Object and Rotating in both groups in the studied age. Although the preterm infants have seemed to mouth the object less than the full-term infants, in general the manual exploratory behavior was similar between the groups. Furthermore, the somatossensory and mechanical stimulus provided by the weight load was irrelevant to the frequency of performance of the exploratory actions, presenting a stabilizer effect on them in both studied groups. The late prematurity did not interfere in the infants motor responses as a function of the additional weight load at the studied age.
Contextualização: Durante o primeiro ano de vida, o lactente humano aprende comportamentos fundamentais, como alcançar e manipular, que serão empregados extensivamente para explorar os objetos. Essa exploração é realizada por meio de ações manuais diversificadas, as quais podem ser influenciadas pela imaturidade orgânica, como a prematuridade tardia, e por perturbações externas, como a adição de peso nos membros superiores. Objetivo: Este trabalho teve por objetivo geral verificar o comportamento exploratório manual de lactentes pré-termo tardios e lactentes a termo de 5 a 7 meses de idade, com e sem uso de peso adicional nos punhos. Métodos: Para isto, participaram da pesquisa 09 lactentes pré-termo tardios de baixo risco (5 do sexo masculino), com idade gestacional mínima de 34 semanas e máxima de 36 semanas e 6 dias (M=35,6±0,5 semanas) e peso médio ao nascimento de 2,960±0,25 quilogramas, e 10 lactentes a termo saudáveis (4 do sexo masculino), com idades gestacionais mínima e máxima respectivas de 38 e 42 semanas (M= 39±0,73 semanas) e peso médio ao nascimento de 3,363±0,14 quilogramas. Os lactentes foram avaliados longitudinalmente aos 5, 6 e 7 meses, sendo a idade corrigida para a prematuridade. Sentados em uma cadeira infantil inclinada a 50º com a horizontal, os lactentes foram testados em duas condições experimentais: na condição A, um objeto atrativo maleável, não-sonoro e não familiar ao lactente foi apresentado pelo examinador, na linha média do tronco do lactente, na altura de seus ombros, numa distância alcançável, por um período de 120 segundos. O lactente podia explorar o objeto livremente por até 20 segundos após alcançá-lo ou até deixá-lo cair; na condição B foi realizado o mesmo procedimento da condição A, entretanto, adicionando-se um bracelete com peso de 20% da massa total de seu membro superior em ambos os punhos do lactente. As avaliações foram filmadas por três câmeras digitais e analisadas quadro a quadro. Foram codificadas as seguintes ações exploratórias manuais: Deslizar, Objeto à Boca, Agitar, Bater no Objeto, Bater com Objeto, Transferir, Girar, e Alternar. Resultados: A idade de 7 meses pareceu representar um ganho nas freqüências das ações Deslizar, Agitar, Bater com Objeto e Girar nos lactentes pré-termo. Estes realizam uma menor freqüência da ação Objeto à Boca em comparação aos lactentes a termo em todas as idades (p<0,05). Não houve diferenças significativas (p>0,05) entre as condições A e B em nenhuma das ações estudadas, independentemente de grupo ou idade. Conclusões: Houve diminuição na freqüência da ação Deslizar e ganho nas freqüências das ações Agitar, Bater com Objeto e Girar em ambos os grupos no período estudado. Embora os lactentes prétermo tenham levado o objeto à boca em menor freqüência do que os lactentes a termo, de forma geral o comportamento exploratório manual foi similar entre os grupos. Além disso, o estímulo somatossensorial e mecânico fornecido pelo peso adotado foi irrelevante para a freqüência de acionamento das ações exploratórias, apresentando efeito estabilizador sobre as mesmas em ambos os grupos estudados. A prematuridade tardia não interferiu nas respostas motoras dos lactentes em função do peso adicional na faixa etária estudada.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Campos, Denise. "Pequeno para a idade gestacional = comportamento motor nos primeiros meses de vida." [s.n.], 2010. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/312209.

Full text

Abstract:

Orientador: Vanda Maria Gimenes Gonçalves
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-15T08:45:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Campos_Denise_D.pdf: 1881685 bytes, checksum: af706b0aedc7772254376e13f4bf60c0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010
Resumo: A desnutrição intra-uterina tem sido associada a morbidade neurológica em longo prazo. Tendo em vista que os lactentes nascidos pequenos para a idade gestacional (PIG) representam um modelo de estudo para essa situação e que a maioria dos trabalhos focaliza a idade escolar, o presente estudo teve como objetivo comparar o desempenho motor de lactentes nascidos a termo PIG com lactentes nascidos a termo adequados para a idade gestacional (AIG) no 1°, 2°, 3° e 6° meses. Tratou-se de um estudo prospectivo e seccional. Os neonatos foram selecionados na maternidade do Centro de Atenção Integral a Saúde da Mulher da Universidade Estadual de Campinas, no período de maio de 2000 a julho de 2003, obedecendo aos seguintes critérios de inclusão: recém-nascidos (RN) residentes na região de Campinas, que permaneceram no alojamento conjunto, resultantes de gestação de feto único, com idade gestacional entre 37 e 41 semanas, com peso ao nascimento classificado entre o percentil 10 e 90 da curva de crescimento fetal para o grupo AIG e, abaixo do percentil 10 para o grupo PIG. Foram excluídos: RN com síndromes genéticas, malformações e infecções congênitas. Para avaliação foi utilizada a Escala Motora das Bayley Scales of Infant Development-II. A partir da pontuação do Index Score (IS), com media 100 e desvio padrão de 15, os lactentes foram classificados com performance acelerada (IS=115), performance dentro dos limites normais (IS=85-114), performance levemente atrasada (IS=70-84) ou performance significantemente atrasada (IS=69). Para analise dos dados foi considerado o valor do IS obtido no 1°, 2°, 3° e 6° meses. Quando houve diferença significativa de IS entre os grupos PIG e AIG, as provas daquela idade e as características familiares que poderiam contribuir para as diferenças foram investigadas. A amostra compreendeu 63 lactentes (18 PIG; 45 AIG) no 1° mês, 68 lactentes (25 PIG; 43 AIG) no 2° mês, 68 lactentes (22 PIG; 46 AIG) no 3° mês e 66 lactentes (24 PIG; 42 AIG) no 6° mês. O grupo PIG apresentou media de IS significativamente menor que o grupo AIG no 2° e 6° meses. Nesses períodos, houve menor proporção de lactentes do grupo PIG que realizaram com sucesso as seguintes provas: "faz movimentos alternantes para arrastar em prono", "troca de decúbito lateral para dorsal", "equilibra a cabeça", "senta sozinho momentaneamente por 2 segundos" e "senta sozinho por 30 segundos". Considerando as características familiares, os grupos diferiram quanto a ocupação materna, escolaridade materna e renda per capita, de modo que no grupo PIG houve maior freqüência de mães que não trabalhavam fora do lar, que apresentavam menos de 8 anos de estudo e com baixa renda familiar. Os resultados obtidos sugerem que os lactentes nascidos a termo PIG estão sob maior risco para apresentar alterações no desenvolvimento motor
Abstract: Intrauterine malnutrition has been associated with long-term neurological morbidity. Considering that infants born small for gestational age represent a study model for this condition and that most studies focus on school age children, the present study aimed to compare the motor performance of infants born small for gestational age (SGA) with those appropriate for gestational age (AGA) at 1, 2, 3, and 6 months. This was a cross-sectional and prospective study. The neonates were selected at the Neonatology Service of the Center for Integral Attention to Women's Health-University of Campinas, between May 2000 and July 2003, according to the following criteria: healthy newborns resident in the region of Campinas, resulting of single fetus pregnancies, with gestational age between 37 and 41 weeks, with birthweight between the 10th and 90th percentiles of fetal growth curves for the AGA group and under the 10th percentile for the SGA group. Newborns with genetic syndromes, congenital malformations and infections were excluded. The Motor Scale of Bayley Scales of Infant Development-II was used for evaluation. Using the index score (IS), with a mean of 100 and standard deviation of 15, the infants were classified as presenting accelerated performance (IS=115), within normal performance limits (IS=85- 114), mildly delayed performance (IS=70-84) or significantly delayed performance (IS=69). The IS during the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 6th months of life were considered in the analysis of the results obtained. When a significant difference in IS occurred between the SGA and AGA groups, the items at that age and the family characteristics that could contribute to these differences were investigated. The sample comprised 63 infants (18 SGA; 45 AGA) aged 1 month, 68 infants (25 SGA; 43 AGA) aged 2 months, 68 infants (22 SGA; 46 AGA) aged 3 months and 66 infants (24 SGA; 42 AGA) aged 6 months. The SGA group presented a mean motor IS lower than the AGA group at 2 and 6 months. For these periods, the SGA group presented a lower proportion of infants who successfully performed the following skills: "makes crawling movements", "turns from side to back", "balances head", "sits alone momentarily" and "sits alone for 30 seconds". Considering the family characteristics, the groups differed with respect to maternal occupation, maternal education and family income; therefore, the SGA group showed a large number of mothers who did not work outside the home, had less than 8 years of study and low family incomes. The results obtained suggest that the infants who are SGA present a greater risk for adverse motor outcomes
Doutorado
Ciencias Biomedicas
Doutor em Ciências Médicas

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Genovesi, Fernanda Françoso. "Comparação entre os General Movements Assessment e Escala Motora Infantil de Alberta em recém-nascidos e lactentes de risco para alterações do desenvolvimento motor." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5170/tde-22092017-154531/.

Full text

Abstract:

Introdução: O aperfeiçoamento da assistência pré-natal e neonatal contribuiu para maior sobrevida dos recém-nascidos com riscos para alterações do desenvolvimento. A detecção precoce e eficaz destes riscos é fundamental para a intervenção oportuna e minimização dos danos funcionais. A avaliação com melhor valor preditivo para anormalidades é pelos General Movements (GMs), porém a mais utilizada no Brasil é a Escala Motora Infantil de Alberta (EMIA). Objetivo: Verificar a validade dos GMs e da EMIA com um e três meses de idade para predizer o desfecho do desenvolvimento motor pela EMIA aos seis e 12 meses. Método: Estudo observacional longitudinal com 45 recém-nascidos e lactentes do Hospital Universitário da Universidade de São Paulo, avaliados do nascimento até os cinco meses de idade (corrigida, se prematuros) pelos GMs, e de um a 12 meses pela EMIA. Foi realizada análise descritiva e testes de kappa e curva roc para a comparação entre as avaliações. Resultados: Os participantes (masculino = 51,1%) apresentaram idade gestacional média de 34 semanas; 57,7% apresentaram alteração em pelo menos uma avaliação pelos GMs, com predomínio do repertório pobre (RP) e fidgety movements (FM) ausentes, enquanto 46,6% apresentaram alguma alteração na EMIA. A maioria (85,7%) apresentou avaliações normais aos 12 meses de idade pela EMIA; e os com avaliações anormais também tiveram GMs alterados em toda sua trajetória. Houve pobre confiabilidade entre os GMs e a EMIA no primeiro (kappa: 0,165) e no terceiro mês, ligeira confiabilidade (kappa: 0,259). Comparando os writhing movements (WM) com a EMIA com um mês, para prever desfecho aos seis meses de idade, foi encontrado uma sensibilidade dos WM de 78,6% e uma especificidade de 100%. Valores melhores de sensibilidade e especificidade também foram encontrados nos WM para desfecho com 12 meses de idade (sensibilidade de 75% e especificidade em 100%). Os lactentes que apresentavam alguma alteração nas avaliações eram encaminhados para fisioterapia. Conclusão: Foi possível observar um grande número de participantes com GMs alterados, porém com diminuição/normalização nas avaliações pela EMIA, podendo ser devido a intervenção fisioterapêutica nos casos mais graves. A avaliação com melhores valores para predição do desenvolvimento são os GMs na fase dos WMs. Não existe correlação entre a avaliação dos GMs com 1 mês e EMIA 1 com mês, nem entre estes dois métodos aos 3 meses
Introduction: Improvement of prenatal and neonatal care has contributed to a greater survival of newborns with risks for developmental disorders. Early and effective detection of these risks is essential for timely intervention and minimization of functional impairment. The most predictive value for abnormalities is the General Movements (GMs), but the most used in Brazil is the Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS). Objective: To verify the validity of GMs and EMIA at one and three months of age to predict the outcome of motor development by EMIA at six and 12 months. Method: A longitudinal observational study with 45 newborns and infants of the University Hospital of the University of São Paulo, evaluated from birth to five months of age (corrected, if premature) by GMs, and from one to 12 months by EMIA. Descriptive analysis and kappa and roc curve tests were performed to compare the evaluations. Results: Participants (male = 51.1%) had a mean gestational age of 34 weeks; 57.7% presented alterations in at least one evaluation by GMs, with a predominance of poor repertoire (RP) and fidgety movements (FM) absent, while 46.6% had some alteration in EMIA. The majority (85.7%) presented normal evaluations at 12 months of age by EMIA; And those with abnormal ratings also had altered GMs throughout their trajectory. There was poor reliability between GMs and EMIA in the first (kappa: 0.165) and in the third month, slight reliability (kappa: 0.259). Comparing writhing movements (WM) with EMIA at one month, to predict outcome at six months of age, a WM sensitivity of 78.6% and a specificity of 100% was found. Better sensitivity and specificity values were also found in WM for 12-month-old outcome (75% sensitivity and 100% specificity). Infants who presented some alterations in the assessments were referred to physical therapy. Conclusion: It was possible to observe a large number of participants with altered GMs, but with a decrease / normalization in the evaluations by EMIA, and may be due to physiotherapeutic intervention in the most severe cases. The best predictive values for development prediction are GMs in the WM phase. There is no correlation between the evaluation of GMs at 1 month and EMIA 1 with month, nor between these two methods at 3 months

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Forma, Vincent. "Étude de la mobilité quadrupède en position ventrale chez le nouveau-né et le nourrisson humain." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCB223/document.

Full text

Abstract:

La locomotion autonome est une étape clef du développement du nourrisson. Elle débute dans la majorité des cas par la marche quadrupède au deuxième semestre de vie. Cependant, dès la naissance, le nouveau-né est déjà capable de se propulser de manière autonome en position ventrale. Cette mobilité quadrupède précoce a été très peu étudiée, car considérée par la plupart des auteurs comme un simple réflexe de reptation, destiné à disparaître rapidement sous l'influence du développement cortical : cette reptation n'aurait aucun lien avec la marche mature, n'impliquerait pas les bras et aurait pour fonction principale de permettre au nouveau-né de se propulser jusqu'au sein maternel. Contrairement à ce point de vue, quelques auteurs ont observé que cette mobilité semblait complexe et pouvait éventuellement persister jusqu'à l'âge de 2-3 mois, dans un contexte adapté. Ces observations posent la question de savoir si cette mobilité primitive, loin d'être un simple réflexe, pourrait être en lien avec la marche quadrupède et bipède mature. L'objectif de cette thèse est d'étudier les différentes caractéristiques, en particulier cinématiques, de cette mobilité quadrupède depuis la naissance jusqu'au sixième mois. Dans ce but, un dispositif a été créé, le CrawliSkate, qui permet de libérer les bras et faciliter la propulsion. Trois études ont été menées et montrent que cette mobilité quadrupède est loin d'être un simple réflexe stéréotypé, qu'elle implique une coordination des jambes et des bras, qu'elle peut en partie être modifiée dès la naissance à un niveau supra spinal par la vision et enfin qu'elle persiste tout en se modifiant durant tout le premier semestre de la vie
Self-produced locomotion is a key stage in infant development, which usually begins with hand and knees crawling in the second semester of life. Since the moment of birth, however, newborns are already capable of autonomous propulsion from a prone position. This precocious form of quadrupedalism remains largely unstudied due in part to the fact that most researchers consider these creeping movements to constitute a mere reflex, destined dissipate as cortical development progresses. Under such an interpretation, this creeping « reflex » would have no link with mature, bipedal walking, would not recruit the upper limbs and would serve mainly as a mechanism by which newborns could reach the maternal breast. Contrary to this point of view, a handful of authors have observed that these patterns of locomotion seem complex, and might persist in some form until the age of 2-3 months. These observations invite us to consider the possibility that such primitive locomotion might be directly involved in the emergence of quadrupedal and bipedal gait. The present thesis examines the various characteristics (particularly cinematic) of this prone mobility, from birth to about six months of age. To this end, we describe the creation of an experimental tool that frees the use of a newborn's limbs and facilitates the aforementioned form of propulsion: the CrawliSkate. We present three studies showing that neonatal prone mobility goes beyond simple reflexes, involves coordination between the upper and lower limbs, and can be partially modified at birth at a supra-spinal level through visual stimulation. Lastly, we demonstrate that this pattern of locomotion persists, albeit with heavy modification, throughout the first semester of life

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Törölä, H. (Helena). "Vocalisation and feeding skills in extremely preterm infants:an intensive follow-up from birth to first word and first step." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2013. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526200811.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract The preverbal vocalisation up to the first word, feeding skills as well as motor development until the first steps of ELBW preterm infants without disability were compared in this descriptive study to those of healthy full-term infants. In addition, preverbal and feeding skills were studied in relation to gross motor movement patterns. The preverbal development of preterm infants proceeded according to the same temporal schedule as that of full-term infants, however, preterm infants failed to produce several vocalisation skills that full-term infants presented. The preterm infants increased their vocalisation slower than the full-term infants in the beginning of each of the developmental stages. The difference between the preterm and the full-term infants grew when approaching syllables, syllable combinations, and words. The preterm infants reached the first word approximately two months later than the full-term infants. The suckling of preterm infants was either disorganised or dysfunctional, while normal or disorganised in the case of full-term infants. The preterm infants reached the spoon-feeding skills approximately at the same (corrected) ages as the full-term infants, but the transitions to new stages were difficult. Half of the preterm infants suffered from feeding problems while only two of the full-term infants had feeding problems. Both the preterm and full-term infants reached vocalisation and feeding skills in relation to gross motor movement patterns earlier than assumed according to the predominant clinical knowledge. The vocalisation and feeding skills did not seem to be dependent upon the gross motor development
Tiivistelmä Tässä kuvailevassa tutkimuksessa tarkasteltiin tiiviissä seurannassa erittäin ennenaikaisina ja pienipainoisina syntyneiden lasten esileksikaalista ääntelyä ensisanaan asti sekä syömistaitojen ja motoriikan kehitystä ensiaskeliin asti. Tuloksia verrattiin terveiden, täysiaikaisina syntyneiden lasten vastaaviin taitoihin. Lisäksi ääntelyn ja syömisen kehitystä tarkasteltiin suhteessa karkeamotoristen taitojen kehitysaikatauluun. Ennenaikaisesti syntyneiden lasten ääntely kehittyi saman aikataulun mukaan kuin täysiaikaisten lasten ääntely. Ennenaikaisesti syntyneet lapset jättivät kuitenkin väliin taitoja, jotka täysiaikaisina syntyneet lapset saavuttivat. Siirryttäessä uusille ääntelyn ja kielen kehitystasoille ennenaikaisina syntyneiden lasten ääntelyn määrä lisääntyi hitaammin kuin täysiaikaisina syntyneiden lasten ääntelyn määrä. Ero ennenaikaisina ja täysiaikaisina syntyneiden lasten kehityksessä kasvoi lähestyttäessä tavuja, tavuyhdistelmiä ja sanoja. Ennenaikaisesti syntyneet lapset saavuttivat ensisanavaiheen kaksi kuukautta täysiaikaisia lapsia myöhemmin. Ennenaikaisina syntyneiden lasten syömisen taidoissa havaittiin, että varhainen imeminen oli joko jäsentymätöntä tai poikkeavaa, kun täysiaikaisina syntyneillä se oli puolestaan normaalia tai jäsentymätöntä. Ennenaikaisina syntyneet lapset oppivat käsittelemään soseita ja kiinteitä ruokia samassa (korjatussa) iässä kuin täysiaikaisina syntyneet lapset, mutta siirtyminen kehitysvaiheesta toiseen tuotti vaikeutta. Puolet ennenaikaisista lapsista kärsi syömisvaikeuksista. Sen sijaan täysiaikaisina syntyneistä lapsista kahdella todettiin syömisen vaikeutta. Sekä ennenaikaisina että täysiaikaisina syntyneet lapset oppivat ääntelyn ja syömisen taitoja ennen tiettyjä karkeamotorisia liikemalleja, joiden on vallitsevan kuntoutuskäsityksen mukaisesti oletettu edeltävän näiden taitojen saavuttamista. Ääntelyn ja syömisen taidot eivät siis näyttäneet olevan riippuvaisia karkeamotoriikan kehityksestä

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Silva, Miriam Beckhäuser de Bastos. "Perfil motor de crianças na educação infantil : estudo longitudinal." Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, 2009. http://tede.udesc.br/handle/handle/451.

Full text

Abstract:

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-06T17:07:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MIRIAM BECKHAUSER DE BASTOS SILVA.pdf: 518024 bytes, checksum: c68d36ce193c9ed0ad81f9444ad78a9e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-08-10
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
The purpose of this study was to investigate through eighteen months, the motor development of 2-6 year-old kids, males and females, enrolled in children s education in two different private schools in Florianópolis,SC. For data collection it was used the Scale for Motor Development EDM (ROSA NETO, 2002), which encompasses a group of tests that evaluate the following motor skills: fine motricity, global motricity, balance, body scheme, spatial organization and time organization. Also, Excell 2003 was used for data storage and for obtaining age and motor quotient from the participants. Epi-Info 6.0 software was used for data treatment and analysis. Data were analyzed by Descriptive Statistics (frequency, percentages, average, standard deviation, variance minimum value, maximum value and median). Also, Comparative Analysis (T-student test) was used. Kruskal-Wallis Test was used for parametric variables. And Linear Regression Test or Pearson Correlation Coefficient was used for correlation analysis. The significance level for the tests (hypothesis ) as 95%. Semi-structured interviews were performed lo collect information about school context with the teachers, adapted from Berleze (2002), presenting questions about motor experience opportunities offered to the children at school. The results found show that the general motor development in most of the pre-scholars evaluated during these eighteen months was considered normal, normal medium according to the Scale for Motor Development EDM (ROSA NETO, 2002). It wasn t found significant differences on the general motor development of pre-scholars among the three motor evaluations performed. Concerning gender, significant differences were found between boys and girls in fine and global motor skills, and temporal organization. Concerning school context, it is believed that the motor activities schools offer may contribute to foster motor development in motor skills in general in pre-scholars. It can he concluded that the changes in motor development occur through time, in a progressive non-linear mode, varying according to maturity and stimulus of each child.
Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar ao longo de dezoito meses, o nível de Desenvolvimento Motor de crianças de 2 a 6 anos, de ambos os sexos, matriculadas na Educação Infantil de duas escolas da Rede Particular de Ensino, em Florianópolis/SC. O instrumento utilizado para a coleta dos dados foi a Escala de Desenvolvimento Motor EDM (ROSA NETO, 2002), que se caracteriza por um conjunto de provas que avaliam as seguintes habilidades motoras: Motricidade Fina. Motricidade Global, Equilíbrio, Esquema Corporal, Organização Espacial e Organização Temporal. Para a obtenção das Idades e Quocientes Motores dos participantes e para armazenar os dados foi utilizado o Programa Informático EXCELL (Versão, 2003). Para o tratamento e análise dos dados foi utilizado o Programa Informático Epi-Info (Versão. 6.0). Os dados foram analisados através de Estatística Descritiva (freqüências, percentuais, média, desvio-padrão. Variância, valor mínimo, valor máximo e mediana). Foi utilizada a análise Comparativa. (Teste T de Student . Para as variáveis não Paramétricas, Teste de Kruskal-Wallis . Para a análise de correlação foi utilizado o Teste de Regressão Linear ou Coeficiente de Correlação de Pearson . O nível de significância lixado para os testes (hipóteses) foi de 95%. Para as informações sobre o contexto Escolar foi utilizada um Entrevista Semi-Estruturada com as professoras, adaptada por Berleze (2002), que consta de perguntas sobre as oportunidades de vivências motoras oferecidas para as crianças dentro da escola. Os resultados encontrados revelam que o Desenvolvimento Motor Geral da maioria dos Pré-escolares avaliados ao longo de dezoito meses, foi considerado dentro da normalidade, no nível Normal Médio de acordo com a Escala de Desenvolvimento Motor - EDM - (ROSA NETO, 2002). Não foram encontradas diferenças significativas no desenvolvimento Motor geral dos Pré-escolares, entre as três avaliações motoras realizadas. Em relação ao gênero, encontrou-se diferenças significativas entre meninos e meninas nas habilidades de Motricidade Fina, Motricidade Global e Organização Temporal. Quanto ao contexto Escolar, acredita-se que as atividades motoras que as Escolas oportunizam, podem contribuir de forma a promover o Desenvolvimento Motor dos Pré-escolares, nas habilidades motoras em geral. Conclui-se que as mudanças no Desenvolvimento Motor ocorrem ao longo do tempo, de forma progressiva e não linear, variando de acordo com a maturidade e os estímulos de cada criança.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Formiga, Cibelle Kayenne Martins Roberto. "Programa de intervenção com bebês pré-termo e suas famílias: avaliação e subsídios para prevenção de deficiências." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/2983.

Full text

Abstract:

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:46:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissCKMRF.pdf: 3015571 bytes, checksum: cb74604e50a6fa10a49cf31400d74604 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003-11-18
Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos
Early identification of developmental delays in preterm infants is notable in various studies which emphasize the prevention of disabilities through the possibility of a better prognosis through specialized special education services or other rehabilitation measures. Intervention programs emphasize the integration of parental participation so they may take on coresponsibility for their children's development as an integral part of the treatment. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of a program of early intervention with babies preterm with and without the parents' training. The participants in this study were 8 preterm infants with an average gestational age of 32 weeks and an average chronological age of 3 months and 6 days and their respective families. The study was done at the Neuropediatric Physiotherapy Unit at UFSCar and approved by the University Research Ethics Committee. The experimental research method was used and the participants were randomly divided into two separate groups: Control and Experimental. The Control Group was composed of 4 infants who received physiotherapy treatment but whose parents did not receive any orientation or training to work with their children at home. The Experimental Group was composed of 4 infants who received physiotherapy treatment and whose parents received orientation and training to continue the physiotherapy program at home. This four month study utilized the Operational Portage Inventory (OPI) and the Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS) to measure the infants'development. All data from evaluation charts and videotapes of monthly evaluations and weekly sessions were registered and analyzed for two aspects: infant and parent behavior. The categories for the analysis of motor sensory development were in accord with the items proposed in AIMS and the training items were in accord with the OPI. The statistical treatment utilized the regression method to compare the evolution between the control and experimental groups. Analysis of parent participation in the intervention program was evaluated in three aspects: behaviors installed in the mediators, the performance of mediators as observers and the mediators opinion of the intervention program. The results demonstrated that both groups had significant improvement in all developmental areas analyzed and when compared to each other, the experimental group's evolution was superior to the control group. In relation to family participation in the program, the results verified that parents in the experimental group demonstrated a good level of involvement with behavior in installed in relation to training with the infant and both groups demonstrated satisfaction in participation in the study based on the evolution obtained by their children. Based on these results it can be stated that the participation of parents associated with the intervention program significantly benefited the sensory motor development of the infants in the present study.
A identificação precoce dos desvios do desenvolvimento em bebês pré-termo vem se destacando em vários estudos que enfatizam a prevenção de deficiências pela possibilidade de um melhor prognóstico por meio de serviços educacionais especializados ou outras medidas de reabilitação. Alem disso, os programas de intervenção vêm enfatizando a participação dos pais a fim de tornálos parte integrante e co-responsáveis do desenvolvimento de seus filhos. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar a eficácia de um programa de intervenção precoce com bebês pré-termo com e sem o treinamento dos pais. Participaram do estudo 08 bebês pré-termo, de ambos os sexos, com idade gestacional média de 32 semanas, idade cronológica média de 3 meses e 6 dias e suas respectivas famílias. O estudo foi desenvolvido no setor de Fisioterapia em Neuropediatria da UFSCar e aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da Universidade. O delineamento usado foi do tipo experimental e os participantes foram divididos aleatoriamente em dois grupos distintos: controle e experimental. O grupo controle era formado por quatro bebês que realizavam a fisioterapia e os pais não receberam orientação e treinamento para trabalharem os filhos em domicílio. O grupo experimental era composto de quatro bebês que receberam o tratamento de fisioterapia e cujos pais foram orientados e treinados para a continuação do programa em casa. O estudo teve um duração total de 4 meses e foram utilizados como instrumentos de medida do desenvolvimento dos bebês o Inventário Portage Operacionalizado (IPO) e a Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS). Todos os dados das fichas de avaliação e filmagens das avaliações mensais e sessões semanais foram registrados e analisados em dois aspectos: comportamentos do bebê e comportamento dos pais. As categorias de análise do desenvolvimento sensório-motor foram de acordo com os itens propostos na AIMS e nos itens de treino do IPO. O tratamento estatístico utilizado foi o método de regressão para comparar a evolução obtida entre os grupos controle e experimental. A análise da participação dos pais no programa de intervenção foi avaliada em três aspectos: comportamentos instalados nos mediadores; desempenho dos mediadores enquanto observadores; opinião dos mediadores sobre o programa de intervenção. Os resultados demonstraram que os dois grupos de bebês tiveram evoluções significativas em todas as áreas do desenvolvimento analisadas e quando comparados os grupos verificou-se que o grupo experimental apresentou uma evolução superior à apresentada pelo grupo controle. Em relação à participação das famílias no programa de intervenção verificou-se que os pais do grupo experimental apresentam um bom nível de envolvimento, com instalação de comportamentos em relação aos treinos com a criança e os dois grupos demonstraram satisfação em participar da pesquisa com base na evolução obtida pelos filhos. Com base nestes resultados pode-se afirmar que a participação dos pais associada ao programa de intervenção aplicado beneficiou significativamente o desenvolvimento motor dos bebês do presente estudo.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Bartlett, Doreen Joan. "Early motor development of term breech- and cephalic-presenting infants." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq22948.pdf.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Boynewicz, Kara, and Alyson Chroust. "NAS and Effects on Motor, Cognition, Social-Emotional Development in Infants." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/8345.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Boynewicz, Kara, Alyson Chroust, Diana Morelen, Beth Bailey, Jesi Hall, and David Wood. "Motor Development and Abilities of Infants Born With Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/8349.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

何翠頤 and Chui-yee Cherri Ho. "The development of antigravity postures in infants." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1997. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31215269.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Ho, Chui-yee Cherri. "The development of antigravity postures in infants /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1997. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B19473059.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Lew, Adina R. "The development of hand-mouth coordination in early infancy." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/22867.

Full text

Abstract:

The aim of the thesis is to offer a comprehensive account of the developmental course of hand-mouth (HM) coordination from birth until a mature form of the coordination is attained. Questions relating both to the structure and function of the coordination were addressed. Three studies are reported. The method of observation was the same in each case; video records of two perpendicular views of the infant were obtained and a micro-analysis of movement structure was carried out. The main question addressed in study 1 was whether spontaneous HM contacts in newborns are related to hunger. HM contacts were compared before and after feeding in a group of newborn babies. There was no change in the relative distribution of locations of contacts on the mouth and face before and after feeding, but anticipatory mouth opening prior to HM contacts only occurred before feeding. Study 2 sought to obtain detailed measures of transitions taking place between 1-5 months in the structure of HM coordination, and to investigate what factors could be responsible for the changes observed. A longitudinal design was employed where babies were observed at monthly intervals. A small object was placed in the hands of infants to promote oral contacts. At 4 months of age, contacts began to be centred on the mouth (as opposed to other parts of the face) and the frequency of contacts was significantly higher when the object was present relative to the frequency of spontaneous contacts. Anticipatory mouth opening only occurred at 5 months of age, suggesting that this aspect of the coordination follows a U-shaped developmental trajectory. There was evidence that vision was playing a role in motivating HM contacts by 5 months of age. Consistent individual differences between babies were found in different aspects of HM coordination raising the possibility that more than one developmental route is followed in the achievement of mature HM coordination. Study 3 investigated HM coordination cross-sectionally between the ages of 5-9 months. The possibility that the development of reaching was influencing the development of HM coordination was investigated. Two situations were compared, one where the infant had to reach for an object prior to transportation to the mouth and another where the object was placed in the hand of the infant. Although HM coordination and reaching and grasping were already integrated at 5 months, the two coordinations appear to develop independently of each other. The development of HM coordination was found to be marked by motivational and structural shifts and apparent regressions. The results are interpreted within a dynamic systems view of development.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Pin, Tamis Wai-mun. "Impact of adverse events on motor development in early infancy /." Connect to thesis, 2009. http://repository.unimelb.edu.au/10187/4863.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Hughes, Anita J. "Development and evaluation of a multi-media intervention to enhance the motor development of premature infants." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2017. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/43353/.

Full text

Abstract:

Background: Pregnancy is defined as lasting 40 weeks and birth that occurs before 37 weeks of gestation are classed as preterm, with neonates from as early as 22 weeks gestation surviving, although this is rare. Prematurity is associated with a range of long-term morbidities which negatively influence health and well-being. Infants born at less than 33 weeks gestation are at significantly increased risk for impaired motor development compared with their term peers (Allen, 2008). Deficits in motor skills such as balance, eye-hand co-ordination and manual dexterity have been well documented and are evident in infancy (Wood et al., 2000; Bracewell and Marlow, 2002). Early interventions have demonstrated some success in improving motor skills, but the effective elements were unclear. In addition, interactions between parent and infant can be problematic. Aims: The aim was to develop and evaluate an interactive multimedia parenting intervention, which focuses of motor development of their preterm infant, and to compare parental perceptions of infant capability, parental confidence and parental stress. Methods: The design of the intervention incorporated Social learning theory (Bandura, 1977) as the basis for the parenting intervention. The development of the intervention incorporated findings from a systematic review and a focus group with feedback from relevant healthcare, education professionals and parents of preterm infants. A randomised controlled trial was designed and conducted to evaluate the effectiveness and acceptability of the intervention. In total 168 preterm infants were recruited from five NHS neonatal intensive care units and randomly allocated to an intervention or control arm. The intervention arm consisted of the Helping Our Premature infant ON to better motor skills (HOP-ON) programme and Sharing My Infant’s Learning Experiences (SMILES) programme alongside treatment as usual. The control arm received the SMILES programme alongside treatment as usual. The primary outcome was motor scores on from AIMS and Bayley III developmental assessment. The secondary outcomes were parental perceptions of infant capability, parental confidence and parental stress. Evaluation of the study was conducted following the 12 month assessment. Findings: The primary outcomes of motor scores on the AIMS and Bayley III were not significantly different between the intervention and control groups. Parental perceptions of infant capability were measured with IPIQ and no statistically significant differences were found at 3-4 months corrected age. In relation to parental confidence and stress, these were measured at 3-4 months corrected age and 12 months corrected age using the Parenting Stress Index (PSI) short form. At 12 months corrected age there was a difference between the intervention and control group, with the control group showing significantly higher levels of stress than the intervention group (p < 0.038). Conclusion: The need for interventions with parents and their preterm infants is well established, and although the HOP-ON programme did not significantly improve the motor skills of the preterm infants, the evaluation suggests that parents found the information valuable. HOP-ON is an easy to use intervention, which would benefit from further exploration, along with the reduction on reported stress levels at 12 months.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Lamb, W. H. "A prospective study of psycho-motor development in rural West African (Gambian) infants." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.380209.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Palazzin, Alessandra. "Aprendizado motor em crianças e adultos normais: semelhanças e diferenças." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/47/47135/tde-28052008-081151/.

Full text

Abstract:

O aprendizado é a base do comportamento motor humano. Através dele habilidades são adquiridas e aperfeiçoadas com o treino, permitindo uma melhor interação com o meio. Em casos de lesão do sistema nervoso isto se torna ainda mais importante, já que muitas das funções são perdidas e devem ser reaprendidas dentro de um novo contexto. Sendo assim, estudos sobre a aprendizagem podem contribuir muito com a prática clínica, permitindo um aprimoramento dos programas de reabilitação. Apesar do grande interesse nessa área, pouco ainda se sabe sobre esse processo, especialmente durante o desenvolvimento, no qual diferenças estruturais e funcionais (especialmente relacionadas a funções cognitivas) são encontradas. Por ser a aprendizado resultado de modificações nas conexões entre diferentes estruturas cerebrais, e por estas alcançarem a maturidade apenas na segunda década de vida, é plausível supor-se que existam diferenças neste processo entre adultos e crianças. Sendo assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar se há diferenças no processo de aprendizagem motora entre crianças de 09 e 10 anos e adultos, e assim identificar possíveis aspectos sensoriais, motores e cognitivos que estariam contribuindo para essa diferença. Para tanto foi comparado o desempenho, em ternos de velocidade, entre 20 crianças com idade entre 9 e 10 anos (9.6+0.50) e 20 adultos jovens (26.7+3.77) em uma tarefa de oposição de dedos. Foi considerada a capacidade de realizar movimentos independentemente da ordem e de executá-los numa seqüência específica, a qual foi submetida a treinamento (4 blocos de 600 movimentos cada). Cada grupo foi dividido em duas condições de treinamento: com e sem visão, a fim de avaliarmos o quanto informações perceptuais influenciam no processo. Foram realizadas avaliações antes e após o treinamento, além de reavaliações semanais até 28 dias depois do 6 treinamento. Comparamos ainda o desempenho entre a seqüência treinada e uma seqüência controle, para verificarmos se haveria generalização do aprendizado. Os resultados analisados, por meio da Análise Multivariada para medidas repetidas, demonstraram que ambos os grupos beneficiaram-se do treinamento, com melhora do desempenho para seqüência treinada que se manteve até 28 dias após o treino, evidenciando o aprendizado da tarefa. No entanto, apesar de crianças serem capazes de realizar movimentos de oposição de dedos na mesma velocidade do que os adultos, apresentam prejuízo ao realizá-los numa ordem específica, o que poderia ser explicado por diferenças na formação de modelos internos de movimento mais do que na capacidade de execução da tarefa. Esta hipótese pôde ser confirmada pelas diferenças encontradas na capacidade de generalização do aprendizado, onde crianças apresentaram prejuízo em relação aos adultos. O treinamento com e sem visão não influenciou significativamente no desempenho desta tarefa tanto para adultos quanto para crianças, embora possam existir diferenças na utilização dessa informação para o processo de aprendizagem. Nossos resultados podem ser explicados por diferenças na capacidade de construção e consolidação de modelos internos de movimento, processo no qual a cognição exerce papel fundamental. Na prática clínica, especialmente com crianças, isto levaria a uma maior valorização dos aspectos cognitivos da tarefa, mais do puramente a realização do treinamento motor.
The learning process is the base of the human behavior motor. By means of its abilities are acquired and improved by the training, allowing a better interaction with the half. In brain lesion cases this even becomes important, since many functions are conceded and should be relearned inside a new context. Being this way, studies on the learning can contribute a lot for the practice practises, allowing the rehabilitation programs refinement. In spite of the great interest in this area, little still knows about that process, especially during the development, in which structural and functional differences (especially related the cognitive functions) are found. Considering the learning as the result of modifications in the connections between different cerebral structures, and for these reach the maturity just in the life Monday decade, is plausible to suppose that there are differences in this process between adults and children. Being this way, the goal of this study was to investigate there are differences in the process of motive learning between children of 9 and 10 years and adult, and this way, identify possible sensory aspects, motors and cognitive that would be contributing for these possible differences.To reach such goal was compared the performance, by speed, come in 20 children with age between 9 and 10 years (9.6+0.50) and 20 young adults (26.7+3.77) in a fingers opposition task. It was considered the capacity of accomplishing actions regardless of the order and of executing them in a specific sequence, trained by means of 4 blocks of 600 movements, performed in an unique session. Each group was divided into two training terms: With and without vision, in order to evaluate the how much visual information influence in the process. They were performed evaluations before and after the training, besides weekly revaluations up to 28 days after the training. Still compared the performance between trained sequence and a sequence control, to 8 verify there would be learning generalization. The analyzed results, by means of ANOVA for repeated measures, demonstrated that both groups they benefited of the training, with performance improvement for trained sequence that was kept up to 28 days after the training, evidencing task learning consolidation. However, it verified that the training effect on the ability to speed up of opposition of independent fingers of an order specifies is the same between adults and children, in contrast with the training effect on the ability to speed up of the fingers opposition actions inside an order pre-established, where children they present significantly prejudiced in comparison to adults, particularly the ones that trained without vision. These differences could be explained by deficiencies in the action internal models formation more than in the task execution capacity. This hypothesis could be confirmed by the differences found in the learning generalization capacity, where children presented prejudice regarding the adults. This way, the differences in the learning process between adults and children found in the current study can be explained by differences in the capacity of movement internal models construction and consolidation, process in which the cognition exercises fundamental role. In the clinical practice, especially with children, this would carry to a task cognitive aspects larger valorization, more of the purely the training motor accomplishment.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Pollitt, Ernesto, and Tomás Caycho. "Motor development as an indicator of child development in the first two years of life." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2012. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/99600.

Full text

Abstract:

The purpose of this study is to support the notion of the motor area as indicator of integrated child development in children from 3 to 24 months old, for its use in population studies. Knowledge of the objective differences in child development will help identify some of the causes that explain these differences and is relevant to the social programming necessary to prevent or mitigate its consequences in the population.
El propósito de este trabajo es fundamentar la selección del área motora en niños/as de 3 a 24 meses de edad como indicador del desarrollo integral infantil para su aplicación en estudios poblacionales. El conocimiento de las diferencias objetivas en el desarrollo infantil entre regiones, departamentos, altura sobre el nivel del mar, etc., ayudará a la identificación de algunas de las causas que explican esas diferencias, lo que se convierte en información relevante para la programación social necesaria para la prevención de esas diferencias o la atenuación de sus consecuencias a nivel poblacional.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Kroeker, Rosalie. "Rhythmic behaviors in typically developing infants, and infants with later diagnosed autism or developmental delay /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9099.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Pollitt, Ernesto. "Stability and variability in the acquisition of six motor mile-stones during early infancy." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2012. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/102679.

Full text

Abstract:

The purpose of this work is to show, through evidence derived from scientific studies of healthy and well-nourished infants as well as infants selected from populations with high rates of chronic infection and malnutrition, that the order in the emergence of motor milestones is stable among these two groups. On the other hand, among the children at risk, the variance in the age of emergence of the same milestones was wider than that among the healthy and well-nourished children. The similarities between groups suggest that genetic factors explain the stability of order of emergence of the milestones, while social and cultural factors may explain the differences between groups in the variance in the age of acquisition. The information has theoretical and applied value in the evaluation of motor development in order to identify the determinants of this area of development.
El propósito del trabajo es mostrar, mediante evidencia proveniente de estudios científicos con infantes sanos y bien nutridos y con poblaciones infantiles con altas tasas de desnutrición e infecciones, que el orden en que se presenta la emergencia de los hitos motores gruesos es estable en estos dos grupos. Por otro lado, la variabilidad en la edad de adquisición de los mismos entre los infantes en riesgo es mayor que en los niños sanos y bien nutridos. Los resultados sugieren que factores genéticos pueden contribuir a la estabilidad en el orden de emergencia y que factores socioculturales y de salud pueden haber contribuido al origen de las diferencias en la edad de adquisición. La información tiene importancia teórica y aplicada para la evaluación del desarrollo motor con el propósito objetivo de identificar los determinantes de dicha área del desarrollo.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Babinsky, Erin. "Visuomotor mechanisms in reaching in adults, infants, and children." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2009. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:b6c93d84-72d4-461f-9b9e-8ccc8e198a74.

Full text

Abstract:

This thesis investigates how adults, infants, and children use visual information to control reaching movements. To do this, the kinematics of a reaching movement were recorded using a 6 camera motion tracking system. Adult reaching movements were investigated in three different experiments. The first experiment looked at the effect of visual information about the reach space and the target on reaching movements. Adult reaches are significantly affected by removal of visual information about the reach space and the target, e.g. peak speed decreases as distance information is occluded. Adult reaching movements are also affected by the length of the delay between viewing an object and then reaching for it in complete darkness. Experiment 2 reveals that there is a linear increase in movement duration, decrease in peak speed, and increase in maximum grip aperture with increasing temporal delay. This is due to the decay of dorsal visual information. Experiment 3 found that a cautious reaching movement can be defined as a reach where duration increases, average speed decreases, and peak timing is proportionally earlier in the reach. The three developmental experiments investigated the changes in reaching in infancy, in typically developing 5-year-old children, and in children with Williams syndrome (WS). Between 9 and 16 months of age, infants develop better coordination of reaching movements. Improved dark reaching behaviour in 16-month-olds may be associated with more mature processing in the dorsal visual stream. Reaching movements in 5-year-old children are straighter and faster than infant reaches but behaviour is not yet stereotyped like adults. WS children generate reaches that are slower and incorporate more movement units than 5-year-old children, and WS behaviour may reflect poor processing of dorsal visual information rather than poor control of arm movement.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Filho, Ernani Xavier. "A aquisição da locomoção aquática em bebês no primeiro ano de vida." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/39/39132/tde-03122007-105655/.

Full text

Abstract:

Estudos iniciais sobre a aquisição da locomoção aquática por bebês identificaram uma seqüência ordenada de padrões de movimento ao longo do primeiro ano de vida. A explicação dada a respeito dessa constatação sustenta que isso se deva a alterações no controle motor causado pela maturação do sistema nervoso. Estudos posteriores têm contestado a existência dessa seqüência predeterminada de padrões, sugerindo uma menor predisposição do organismo e uma maior influência ambiental na aquisição desses comportamentos. O presente projeto visou investigar o efeito da estimulação sistemática do reflexo de nadar no comportamento de bebês na locomoção aquática no primeiro ano de vida. Participaram do experimento dezeseis bebês, com idade media de quatorze semanas, divididos em dois: grupo experimental e controle. O registro dos dados foi feito com uma câmera (Panasonic Camerascope S-VHS Movie modelo AG 456) e a identificação e quantificação dos movimentos foram feitas mediante a análise quadro a quadro utilizando-se do software APAS 2000 (Ariel System). Consideraram-se os movimentos do corpo todo ou de partes e que durassem pelo menos dois segundos. Os resultados obtidos permitiram identificar diferenças significativas na duração do comportamento predominante do mergulho ventral autônomo entre os grupos nos componentes, cabeça, braços, pernas e tronco em nível de 5%. Nas outras demais posições experimentais os resultados obtidos não foram totalmente conclusivos. O que nos leva a afirmar que houve efeito de prática entre os grupos principalmente para a posição experimental do mergulho ventral autônomo
Early studies about acquisition of swimming behavior in infants identified an ordered sequence of movement patterns span the first year of life. The explanation attributed to this fact defends that it happens due to changes in motor control caused by the maturation of nervous system. Nevertheless, it has been questioned, suggesting a smaller predisposition of the organism in the skills acquisition process, suggesting a bigger environmental influence in the acquisition of this behavior. In this way, the present study aimed testing the effects of practice on elementary swim patterns. For this, sixteen full-terms, fourteen weeks ear old infants, were recruited from the Londrina State University community in Londrina. The infants were randomly assigned to one of two groups. The experimental group was taken to the aquatic environment twice a week for a period of seven consecutive months and received thirty minutes of stimulation of swimming patterns each day. The control group received no systematic stimulation. Both groups were taken to aquatic environment twice a month and filmed for a period of fifteen minutes in each experimental position. The movements made by all the body or the segments, during more than two consecutive seconds, were considered to this analysis. From the data gathered it was possible to identify some behavioural patterns regarding to the action of the head, the limbs and the trunk. A planned comparison confirmed that the duration of the most frequent movement of the experimental group was longer than that of the control group. Those results suggest that the effects of practice can provide variations on some swimming behavior

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Tudela, Mariana Cardoso. "Prática de atividade física e competência motora em crianças de baixo nível socioeconômico." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/100/100139/tde-24112016-235901/.

Full text

Abstract:

Os objetivos desta pesquisa foram a) quantificar a prática de atividade física durante os dias de semana e finais de semana e avaliar o cumprimento das recomendações internacionais, b) mensurar indicadores de competência motora e c) verificar as relações entre essas variáveis em crianças de baixo nível socioeconômico. Participaram do estudo 234 crianças (44% meninas) entre 3 e 6 anos de idade (M=5,2; DP=0,78). Entre essas 234 crianças, 176 atingiram o critério de tempo mínimo de uso do acelerômetro, o qual foi utilizado para mensurar a prática de atividade física. A competência motora foi mensurada com a utilização do Test of Gross Motor Development (TGMD-2) e do Korperkoordination Test fur Kinder (KTK). Os resultados mostraram que os meninos despenderam mais tempo em atividade física total do que as meninas nos dias de semana (204,0 ± 44,0 xs 222,5 ± 41,8 minutos; p<0,01) e nos dias de final de semana (209,3 ± 49,3 xs 227,9 ± 65,0 minutos; p< 0,01). Em ambos os sexos, o tempo médio diário de atividade física total ficou acima das diretrizes internacionais de prática de atividade física para pré-escolares (> =180 minutos por dia). Em relação ao desempenho no TGMD-2, houve uma superioridade estatisticamente significante dos meninos principalmente nas habilidades de controle de objetos, com estabilização do desempenho, em ambos os sexos, por volta dos 5 anos de idade. No teste KTK, não houve diferença entre os sexos na pontuação total obtida. Quanto a associação entre as variáveis de atividade física e competência motora, apesar de estatisticamente significantes, os coeficientes de correlação foram reduzidos em ambos os sexos, oscilando entre r = 0,26 para a atividade física vigorosa dentro da escola e a pontuação total no controle de objetos nas meninas e r = 0,31 para a atividade física vigorosa fora da escola e a pontuação total no KTK para os meninos. Além disso, a análise do qui-quadrado demonstrou não existir associação entre o fato de atingir as recomendações internacionais de prática de atividade física total e o nível de competência motora. Conclui-se que os meninos apresentam maiores índices de prática de atividade física do que as meninas e possuem maior competência motora, especialmente nas habilidades de controle de objetos, porém, os valores reduzidos ou inexistentes de associação entre a prática de atividade física e a competência motora levantam um questionamento acerca da adequação das diretrizes internacionais de prática de atividade física na infância, indicando que a quantidade de atividade física talvez não seja um aspecto relevante para a aquisição de competência motora. Esses dados reforçam a necessidade de uma maior preocupação com aspectos qualitativos da atividade física
The objectives of this study were a) to quantify the practice of physical activity during the weekdays and weekends and assess compliance with international guidelines, b) to measure indicators of motor competence and c) to verify the relationships between these variables in children of low socioeconomic status. The study included 234 children (44% girls) between 3 and 6 years of age (M = 5.2, SD = 0.78). Among these 234 children, 176 reached the criteria of accelerometer use, which was used to measure physical activity. The motor competence was measured using the Test of Gross Motor Development (TGMD-2) and korperkoordination Test fur Kinder (KTK). The results showed that the boys spent more time in total physical activity than girls on weekdays (204.0 ± 44.0 xs 222.5 ± 41.8 minutes, p <0.01) and on weekends (209.3 ± 49.3 227.9 ± 65.0 minutes xs, p <0.01). In both genders, the daily average time of total physical activity was above the international uidelines for physical activity for preschoolers (>= 180 minutes per day). Regarding the performance on TGMD-2, there was a statistically significant superiority of boys mainly in object control skills, with stabilization of performance, in both genders, at about 5 years old. In the KTK, there was no difference between the genders in the total score. The association between physical activity and motor skills, although statistically significant, were reduced in both genders, ranging from r = 0.26 for vigorous physical activity within the school and the total score in object control skills in the girls and r = 0.31 for vigorous physical activity outside school and the total KTK score in the boys. In addition, chi-square analysis showed no association between attending the international guidelines of total physical activity and the level of motor competence. In conclusion, boys showed higher levels of total physical activity than girls and also showed greater motor competence, especially in object control skills; however, the low or non-significant values of association between physical activity and motor competence raise a question about the adequacy of international guidelines for physical activity in childhood, indicating that the amount of physical activity may not be a relevant aspect for the acquisition of motor competence. These data reinforce the need for a greater focus on qualitative aspects of physical activity

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Infant motor development'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles