Journal articles: 'Infant motor development'

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Rosenberg, Angela M. "Infant Motor Development." Physical Therapy 87, no. 2 (February 1, 2007): 231–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2522/ptj.2007.87.2.231.2.

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Thomason, Moriah E., Jasmine Hect, Rebecca Waller, Janessa H. Manning, Ann M. Stacks, Marjorie Beeghly, Jordan L. Boeve, et al. "Prenatal neural origins of infant motor development: Associations between fetal brain and infant motor development." Development and Psychopathology 30, no. 3 (August 2018): 763–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095457941800072x.

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AbstractFunctional circuits of the human brain emerge and change dramatically over the second half of gestation. It is possible that variation in neural functional system connectivity in utero predicts individual differences in infant behavioral development, but this possibility has yet to be examined. The current study examines the association between fetal sensorimotor brain system functional connectivity and infant postnatal motor ability. Resting-state functional connectivity data was obtained in 96 healthy human fetuses during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy. Infant motor ability was measured 7 months after birth using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development. Increased connectivity between the emerging motor network and regions of the prefrontal cortex, temporal lobes, posterior cingulate, and supplementary motor regions was observed in infants that showed more mature motor functions. In addition, females demonstrated stronger fetal-brain to infant-behavior associations. These observations extend prior longitudinal research back into prenatal brain development and raise exciting new ideas about the advent of risk and the ontogeny of early sex differences.

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Cho, June, and Diane Holditch-Davis. "Effects of Perinatal Testosterone on Infant Health, Mother–Infant Interactions, and Infant Development." Biological Research For Nursing 16, no. 2 (May 2, 2013): 228–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1099800413486340.

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Objective: Many researchers and health care providers have noticed male vulnerability in infant health, mother–infant interactions, and some infant cognitive development, especially among very low birth weight (VLBW) preterm infants. However, factors beyond gender that could explain these observed differences have not been clear. The purpose of this article is to review the literature on the subject and to introduce a conceptual framework relating these factors. Discussion: According to gender-difference theories, prenatal exposure to high levels of testosterone may influence infant health and mother–infant interactions by negatively affecting infant cognitive/motor/language development. We constructed a conceptual framework based on the associations among biological (perinatal testosterone), stress-related (perinatal and maternal cortisol), and developmental (infant cognitive/motor/language skills) factors. If research establishes these biological, environmental, and developmental associations in mother–VLBW preterm pairs, the results will highlight the importance of addressing gender differences in nursing research and encourage the development of nursing interventions designed to reduce stress among mothers of VLBW preterm infants, particularly male infants. Conclusion: From a psychobiosocial perspective, combining biophysiological factors such as perinatal testosterone and cortisol with socioenvironmental factors such as the quality of mother–infant interactions and infant temperament may provide a broader view of gender differences in infant health and development.

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Saccani, Raquel, and Nadia Cristina Valentini. "Cross-cultural analysis of the motor development of Brazilian, Greek and Canadian infants assessed with the Alberta Infant Motor Scale." Revista Paulista de Pediatria 31, no. 3 (September 2013): 350–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-05822013000300012.

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OBJECTIVE: To compare the motor development of infants from three population samples (Brazil, Canada and Greece), to investigate differences in the percentile curves of motor development in these samples, and to investigate the prevalence of motor delays in Brazilian children. METHODS: Observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study with 795 Brazilian infants from zero to 18 months of age, assessed by the Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS) at day care centers, nurseries, basic health units and at home. The Brazilian infants' motor scores were compared to the results of two population samples from Greece (424 infants) and Canada (2,400 infants). Descriptive statistics was used, with one-sample t-test and binomial tests, being significant p≤0.05. RESULTS: 65.4% of Brazilian children showed typical motor development, although with lower mean scores. In the beginning of the second year of life, the differences in the motor development among Brazilian, Canadian and Greek infants were milder; at 15 months of age, the motor development became similar in the three groups. A non-linear motor development trend was observed. CONCLUSIONS: The lowest motor percentiles of the Brazilian sample emphasized the need for national norms in order to correctly categorize the infant motor development. The different ways of motor development may be a consequence of cultural differences in infant care.

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Hauck, Janet L., Isabella T. Felzer-Kim, and Kathryn L. Gwizdala. "Early Movement Matters: Interplay of Physical Activity and Motor Skill Development in Infants With Down Syndrome." Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly 37, no. 2 (April 1, 2020): 160–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/apaq.2019-0012.

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This longitudinal study investigated monthly motor development and physical activity (PA) of infants with and without Down syndrome. Gross and fine motor skills (Bayley Scales of Infant Development-III) and PA (accelerometer) were assessed in 35 infants at eight time points during infancy. A multivariate mixed model identified time points when motor scores diverged between the groups. In infants with Down syndrome, bivariate correlations between monthly PA and motor changes were calculated, and multivariate analysis of variance probed the influence of early PA on motor-skill timing. Results indicate that differences in gross and fine motor skills first emerge at 2 and 4 months, respectively. In infants with Down syndrome, gross motor and PA changes between 4 and 6 months were positively correlated. Infants more active than the mean at 2 or 3 months achieved several prone and sitting skills earlier. These results highlight the adaptability of early infancy and the importance of early intervention.

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Edwards, Sara L., and John F. Sarwark. "Infant and Child Motor Development." Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research &NA;, no. 434 (May 2005): 33–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00003086-200505000-00006.

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Wilson, Rujuta B., Sitaram Vangala, David Elashoff, Tabitha Safari, and Beth A. Smith. "Using Wearable Sensor Technology to Measure Motion Complexity in Infants at High Familial Risk for Autism Spectrum Disorder." Sensors 21, no. 2 (January 17, 2021): 616. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21020616.

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Background: Motor dysfunction has been reported as one of the first signs of atypical development in infants at high familial risk for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) (HR infants). However, studies have shown inconsistent results regarding the nature of motor dysfunction and whether it can be predictive of later ASD diagnosis. This is likely because current standardized motor assessments may not identify subtle and specific motor impairments that precede clinically observable motor dysfunction. Quantitative measures of motor development may address these limitations by providing objective evaluation of subtle motor differences in infancy. Methods: We used Opal wearable sensors to longitudinally evaluate full day motor activity in HR infants, and develop a measure of motion complexity. We focus on complexity of motion because optimal motion complexity is crucial to normal motor development and less complex behaviors might represent repetitive motor behaviors, a core diagnostic symptom of ASD. As proof of concept, the relationship of the motion complexity measure to developmental outcomes was examined in a small set of HR infants. Results: HR infants with a later diagnosis of ASD show lower motion complexity compared to those that do not. There is a stronger correlation between motion complexity and ASD outcome compared to outcomes of cognitive ability and adaptive skills. Conclusions: Objective measures of motor development are needed to identify characteristics of atypical infant motor function that are sensitive and specific markers of later ASD risk. Motion complexity could be used to track early infant motor development and to discriminate HR infants that go on to develop ASD.

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Formiga, Cibelle Kayenne Martins Roberto, Martina Estevam Brom Vieira, Rayne Ramos Facundes, and Maria Beatriz Martins Linhares. "Predictive models of early motor development in preterm infants: a longitudinal-prospective study." Journal of Human Growth and Development 27, no. 2 (September 6, 2017): 189. http://dx.doi.org/10.7322/jhgd.111288.

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Introduction: Preterm infants are vulnerable to developmental delays. Detecting problems at an early age is one of the challenges of professionals and researchers in the area.Objectives: To analyse the motor development and to identify the risk factors associated with predictors of overall and motor delay in preterm newborns.Methods: Eighty preterm infants (50% female; mean gestational age = 33 ± 2.2 weeks) with low birth weight (average of 1,715 ± 437 g) were evaluated using the Neurobehavioral Assessment of the Preterm Infant (NAPI) during the neonatal phase (prior to term age), the Denver Developmental Screening Test II (DDST-II) between 2 and 8 months, the Test of Infant Motor Performance between 2 and 4 months regarding motor development and the Alberta Infant Motor Scale between 4 and 8 months. Results: Neurobehavioural delay was noted in 24% of the infants in the neonatal phase. Between 2 and 8 months, the delay in overall development was ≥ 31% and the delay in motor development was 35–36 %. Decreased levels of alertness, orientation, motor developmentand vigouraccording to theNAPIwereshown to be predictive of a delay indevelopment between4 and 6 months of age.The delayin overall development between 2 and 6 months was predictive of a delay in motor development between6 and 8months. Conclusion: Neurobehavioural variables, hospital stayandoverall delayare goodpredictorsof motor developmentduring the first yearof age.

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Carlson, Dimity B., Richard C. LaBarba, Joseph D. Sclafani, and Clint A. Bowers. "Cognitive and Motor Development in Infants of Adolescent Mothers: A Longitudinal Analysis." International Journal of Behavioral Development 9, no. 1 (March 1986): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016502548600900101.

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A longitudinal study of cognitive and motor development among infants born to adolescent mothers was conducted with 58 adolescent mothers and a control group of 59 adult mothers. The experimental and control groups were matched on race (white/black), parity, prenatal care, and SES. Data were obtained on antepartum, delivery, and postpartum performance of the mothers, along with data on infant status within each maternal group. Additionally, infants from each maternal group were followed longitudinally over the first year of life. Measures of infant mental and motor development test performance on the Bayley Scales of Infant Development were obtained at six and 12 months of age. The HOME Inventory was also used to obtain ratings of the infant home environment at six and 12 months of age. No differences were observed in the incidence of infant or maternal complications between the adolescent and adult maternal groups. However, birthweight, cesarean section, and labor and delivery complications were significantly related to race, with black subjects experiencing less favorable outcomes on these variables. Infants born to adolescent mothers scored significantly lower on the Mental Development Index of the Bayley relative to controls. Black infants also performed significantly lower on this Index compared to white infants. Home environments of infants born to adolescents were found to be significantly less nurturant than those of controls, and the HOME ratings for black subjects were significantly lower than those for whites.

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Long, Suzanne H., Susan R. Harris, Beverley J. Eldridge, and Mary P. Galea. "Gross motor development is delayed following early cardiac surgery." Cardiology in the Young 22, no. 5 (February 29, 2012): 574–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1047951112000121.

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AbstractObjectiveTo describe the gross motor development of infants who had undergone cardiac surgery in the neonatal or early infant period.MethodsGross motor performance was assessed when infants were 4, 8, 12, and 16 months of age with the Alberta Infant Motor Scale. This scale is a discriminative gross motor outcome measure that may be used to assess infants from birth to independent walking. Infants were videotaped during the assessment and were later evaluated by a senior paediatric physiotherapist who was blinded to each infant's medical history, including previous clinical assessments. Demographic, diagnostic, surgical, critical care, and medical variables were considered with respect to gross motor outcomes.ResultsA total of 50 infants who underwent elective or emergency cardiac surgery at less than or up to 8 weeks of age, between July 2006 and January 2008, were recruited to this study and were assessed at 4 months of age. Approximately, 92%, 84%, and 94% of study participants returned for assessment at 8, 12, and 16 months of age, respectively. Study participants had delayed gross motor development across all study time points; 62% of study participants did not have typical gross motor development during the first year of life. Hospital length of stay was associated with gross motor outcome across infancy.ConclusionActive gross motor surveillance of all infants undergoing early cardiac surgery is recommended. Further studies of larger congenital heart disease samples are required, as are longitudinal studies that determine the significance of these findings at school age and beyond.

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Strączyńska, Agnieszka, Agnieszka Radzimińska, Magdalena Weber-Rajek, Katarzyna Strojek, Zuzanna Piekorz, and Aleksander Goch. "REHABILITATION OF INFANTS AFTER TRANSTIBIAL AMPUTATION DUE TO THROMBOSIS IN THE PERINATAL PERIOD. CASE REPORT." Wiadomości Lekarskie 72, no. 7 (2019): 1408–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.36740/wlek201907131.

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Congenital thrombosis and amputation in infancy is not common. Therefore, the existing literature lacks sufficient evidence regarding this subject. Available research primarily focuses on treatment and causes of thrombosis in children. The paper describes a case of preterm infant after transtibial amputation due to common iliac artery thrombosis during the perinatal period. The girl began neurodevelopmental therapy based on normal development patterns of infants, which was provided three times a week for 45 minutes. The rehabilitation process also included prosthesis and surgical interventions. The assessment of motor development of the child was carried out at the age of 6, 9, 12, 18 and 20 months, using the motor scale of the Albert Infants Motor Scale (AIMS). Case analysis allows to state that infant rehabilitation after transtibial amputation should be individualized, and focus on supporting normal motor development, based on the correct movement sequences of infants. Additionally, the AIMS scale can be used to assess the gross motor development in infants after amputation and is useful in formulating early therapeutic intervention. A prosthetist should perform prosthesis revisions as often as needed, i.e., in infants that is usually every 4 months. What is more, successful outcomes can be achieved by implementing proper surgical procedures regarding the appositional overgrowth of the residual limb in growing children.

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Prins, S. A., J. S. von Lindern, S. van Dijk, and F. G. A. Versteegh. "Motor Development of Premature Infants Born between 32 and 34 Weeks." International Journal of Pediatrics 2010 (2010): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/462048.

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Little is known about motor development in late preterm born infants. Our objective was to determine long-term outcome of motor skills of infants born between 32 and 34 weeks. All infants were assessed at corrected ages of 3 and 9 months, using the Alberta Infant Motor Scale. At corrected ages of 4 years, the Movement Assessment Battery for Children was done. Seventy infants were seen at 4 years of age (median of 3 assessments per infant). Abnormal assessment at 3 or 9 months of age resulted in normal outcome in almost 80% at 4 years. On the other hand, a normal outcome in the first year of life resulted in an abnormal outcome at 4 years in 10% of the infants. Our results suggest that long-term followup of these late preterm born infants is necessary, as the assessments in the first year do not predict the long-term outcome.

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May, D. Scott. "Infant Reflexes in Human Motor Development." Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry 25, no. 1 (January 1986): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0002-7138(09)60623-3.

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Saputri, Nurwinda, and Eriska Prahasti. "Nutritional Status with Infant Motor Development." IJECA (International Journal of Education and Curriculum Application) 1, no. 3 (December 30, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.31764/ijeca.v1i3.2108.

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Children under the age of five (toddler) Indonesia experience nerve development and brain disorders ranging from mild to severe. Every 2 out of 1,000 babies experience motor development disorders. Factors affecting motor development in toddlers, such as hereditary, prenatal environment, postnatal environment. Nutritional status plays an important role in motor development. The purpose of this research is to know the relationship of nutritional status with the development of coarse motor toddler This research is an analytical survey research with cross sectional approach. Sampling techniques used are total sampling. Sample as much as 60 toddlers. This data is collected using checklist and observation sheets. Hypothesis test using Chi square correlation analysis. Data analysis results show the value of P value (0.000) < α (0.05) which means there is a significant relationship as well as the relation of relationships belonging to the strong category with the frequency value of the coefficient of (0.625). In conclusion there is a relationship of nutritional status with the infant motor development, and the relationship of these two variables is significant.

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Jensen, Robert K., Han Sun, Tina Treitz, and Helen E. Parker. "Gravity Constraints in Infant Motor Development." Journal of Motor Behavior 29, no. 1 (March 1997): 64–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222899709603470.

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Shafir, Tal, Rosa Angulo-Barroso, Yuezhou Jing, Mary Lu Angelilli, Sandra W. Jacobson, and Betsy Lozoff. "Iron deficiency and infant motor development." Early Human Development 84, no. 7 (July 2008): 479–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2007.12.009.

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Rocha, Nelci Adriana Cicuto Ferreira, Fernanda Pereira dos Santos Silva, Mariana Martins dos Santos, and Stacey C. Dusing. "Impact of mother–infant interaction on development during the first year of life: A systematic review." Journal of Child Health Care 24, no. 3 (July 23, 2019): 365–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1367493519864742.

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The objectives of this project were to systematically review the impact of mother–infant interaction on the development of infants 12 months or younger and determine factors that mediate this relationship and early development. We systematically reviewed the literature and identified 21 papers which fulfilled inclusion and exclusion criteria. The majority of the studies found significant association between mother–infant interaction and language, cognition, motor, and social development during the first year of life. Only seven studies assessed motor development and four studies found significant relationship between motor development and mother–infant interaction. Prematurity, infant age, multiples births, maternal anxiety, maternal opioid exposure, history of foster care, and criminal record were the only factors found to mediate the relationship between mother–infant interaction and social, cognitive, and language development. The quality of the interactions between a mother and infant can both positively and negatively influence cognitive, language, and social outcomes during the first year of life. Additional research is needed to determine the influence of mother–infant interaction on motor development. Future research is needed on the efficacy of interventions designed to alter mother–infant interaction with the ultimate goal of achieving positive developmental outcomes during the first year of life.

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Leguire, L. E., R. R. Fellows, and G. Bier. "Bayley Mental Scale of Infant Development and Visually Impaired Children." Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness 84, no. 8 (October 1990): 400–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0145482x9008400802.

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Twenty infants and toddlers were determined to be visually impaired based on an ophthalmological examination and electrophysiological testing (Visual Evoked Response). To assess changes in visual-motor function with age, the 20 visually impaired infants and toddlers were followed, longitudinally, with the Bayley Mental Scale of Infant Development (BMSID). Based on the longitudinal BMSID data the study revealed the infants and toddlers obtained a range of scores. The results of the BMSID are discussed within the context of its role as a comprehensive assessment tool that charts changes in the visual-motor function of visually impaired children.

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Woodward, Amanda L., and Sarah A. Gerson. "Mirroring and the development of action understanding." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 369, no. 1644 (June 5, 2014): 20130181. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2013.0181.

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The discovery of mirror neurons in the monkey motor cortex has inspired wide-ranging hypotheses about the potential relationship between action control and social cognition. In this paper, we consider the hypothesis that this relationship supports the early development of a critical aspect of social understanding, the ability to analyse others’ actions in terms of goals. Recent investigations of infant action understanding have revealed rich connections between motor development and the analysis of goals in others’ actions. In particular, infants’ own goal-directed actions influence their analysis of others’ goals. This evidence indicates that the cognitive systems that drive infants’ own actions contribute to their analysis of goals in others’ actions. These effects occur at a relatively abstract level of analysis both in terms of the structure infants perceive in others’ actions and relevant structure in infants’ own actions. Although the neural bases of these effects in infants are not yet well understood, current evidence indicates that connections between action production and action perception in infancy involve the interrelated neural systems at work in generating planned, intelligent action.

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Achermann, Sheila, Pär Nyström, Sven Bölte, and Terje Falck-Ytter. "Motor atypicalities in infancy are associated with general developmental level at 2 years, but not autistic symptoms." Autism 24, no. 7 (May 15, 2020): 1650–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361320918745.

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Atypical motor development has frequently been reported in infants at elevated likelihood for autism spectrum disorder. However, no previous study has used detailed motion capture technology to compare infant siblings of children with autism spectrum disorder and infant siblings with no familial history of autism spectrum disorder. We investigated reaching movements during an interceptive action task in 10-month-old infants using kinematic data with high spatiotemporal resolution. The results indicated that several measures were different in infants at elevated likelihood. However, longitudinal analyses revealed that while specific infant motor measures (e.g. number of movement units) were related to broad measures of general developmental level in toddlerhood, the associations with later autism spectrum disorder symptomatology were not significant. These findings confirm that some aspects of motor functioning are atypical in infants at elevated likelihood for autism spectrum disorder, but provide no support for the view that these issues are specifically linked to autism spectrum disorder symptoms, but may rather reflect neurodevelopment more generally. Lay abstract Atypicalities in motor functioning are often observed in later born infant siblings of children with autism spectrum disorder. The goal of our study was to investigate motor functioning in infants with and without familial history of autism spectrum disorder. Specifically, we investigated how infants catch a ball that is rolling toward them following a non-straight path, a task that requires both efficient planning and execution. Their performance was measured using detailed three-dimensional motion capture technology. We found that several early motor functioning measures were different in infants with an older autistic sibling compared to controls. However, these early motor measures were not related to autistic symptoms at the age of 2 years. Instead, we found that some of the early motor measures were related to their subsequent non-social, general development. The findings of our study help us understand motor functioning early in life and how motor functioning is related to other aspects of development.

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Marques, Fernanda J. P., Marta C. S. Teixeira, Rafael R. Barra, Fernanda M. de Lima, Bruno L. Scofano Dias, Camila Pupe, Osvaldo J. M. Nascimento, and Marcio Leyser. "Children Born With Congenital Zika Syndrome Display Atypical Gross Motor Development and a Higher Risk for Cerebral Palsy." Journal of Child Neurology 34, no. 2 (November 13, 2018): 81–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0883073818811234.

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Importance: Congenital Zika syndrome virus infection is said to interfere in children’s development. Objective: evaluate gross motor trajectories and the frequency of cerebral palsy in children with congenital Zika syndrome. Design: Cohort study applying the Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS) and the Bayley III Scales in infants from 6 to 18 months of age. Setting: The SARAH network, Rio de Janeiro. Participants: Thirty-nine infants whose diagnoses were established through clinical history, serology tests, and neuroimaging findings. Main outcomes and measures: Congenital Zika syndrome is associated with severe motor delays and is a risk factor to the diagnosis of cerebral palsy. Results: The Alberta Infant Motor Scale mean raw score at 6 months was 9.74 (SD 4.80) or equivalent to 2 to 3 months of motor developmental age. At the age of 12 months, 14.13 (SD 11.90), corresponding to 3 to 4 months of motor development age; the Bayley III Scales results correlated to the Alberta Infant Motor Scale ( P < .001) at this age. At 18 months, 15.77 (SD 13.80) or a motor development equivalent to 4 to 5 months of age. Thirty-five of 39 children (89.7%) met criteria for the diagnosis of cerebral palsy. Conclusions and relevance: Gross motor development marginally progresses from 6 to 18 months of age. These individuals also displayed a high frequency of cerebral palsy.

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Van Hus, Janeline W. P., Martine Jeukens-Visser, Karen Koldewijn, Loekie Van Sonderen, Joke H. Kok, Frans Nollet, and Aleid G. Van Wassenaer-Leemhuis. "Comparing Two Motor Assessment Tools to Evaluate Neurobehavioral Intervention Effects in Infants With Very Low Birth Weight at 1 Year." Physical Therapy 93, no. 11 (November 1, 2013): 1475–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2522/ptj.20120460.

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Background Infants with very low birth weight (VLBW) are at increased risk for motor deficits, which may be reduced by early intervention programs. For detection of motor deficits and to monitor intervention, different assessment tools are available. It is important to choose tools that are sensitive to evaluate the efficacy of intervention on motor outcome. Objective The purpose of this study was to compare the Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS) and the Psychomotor Developmental Index (PDI) of the Bayley Scales of Infant Development–Dutch Second Edition (BSID-II-NL) in their ability to evaluate effects of an early intervention, provided by pediatric physical therapists, on motor development in infants with VLBW at 12 months corrected age (CA). Design This was a secondary study in which data collected from a randomized controlled trial (RCT) were used. Methods At 12 months CA, 116 of 176 infants with VLBW participating in an RCT on the effect of the Infant Behavioral Assessment and Intervention Program were assessed with both the AIMS and the PDI. Intervention effects on the AIMS and PDI were compared. Results Corrected for baseline differences, significant intervention effects were found for AIMS and PDI scores. The highest effect size was for the AIMS subscale sit. A significant reduction of abnormal motor development in the intervention group was found only with the AIMS. Limitations No Dutch norms are available for the AIMS. Conclusions The responsiveness of the AIMS to detect intervention effects was better than that of the PDI. Therefore, caution is recommended in monitoring infants with VLBW only with the PDI, and the use of both the AIMS and the Bayley Scales of Infant Development is advised when evaluating intervention effects on motor development at 12 months CA.

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Cavazzola, Lenise Baldin, Natiele de Mello De Oliveira, Mayra Nathu Lodi, Bruna Chiarani, Fernanda Trubian, Caroline Cenci Sangali, Laura de Moura Rodrigues, and Raquel Saccani. "Very Low Birth Weight Preterm Children Motor Performance in the First Year of Life." Journal of Health Sciences 22, no. 4 (December 21, 2020): 254–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.17921/2447-8938.2020v22n4p254-259.

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AbstractMotor skills acquisition is negatively affected by low birth weight in preterm infants. This research aimed to evaluate the motor development of preterm babies from zero to 12 months of corrected age, born with very low birth weight. The sample of 45 children, from 2 to 12 months of chronological age, was divided into two groups: Group A (from 0 to 6 months, n=35) and Group B (from 7 to 12 months, n=10). In order to assess the motor skill development, Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS) was used along with two questionnaires to control the biological and environmental risk factors. In the results 53,3% of the children were preterm below 30 weeks gestational age, and more than 40% of the evaluated population presented a poor motor performance for the age, with 13.3% of the referred children as having abnormal motor development and 35.6%, suspicious of delayed motor development. The worst performance could be observed in Group B. The findings reinforce the importance of early assessment, considering that the first semester is the most critical period for the child’s neuropsychomotor development. Key-words: Infant, Premature. Motor Skills. Infant, Very Low Birth Weight. Resumo O baixo peso ao nascer afeta negativamente as aquisições motoras dos prematuros. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar o desenvolvimento motor de bebês pré-termos de zero a 12 meses de idade corrigida, nascidos de muito baixo peso. Participaram da pesquisa 45 crianças, com idade entre 2 e 12 meses de idade cronológica, divididas em 2 grupos: Grupo A (0 a 6 meses, n=35) e grupo B (7 a 12 meses, n=10). Para avaliação motora foi utilizada a Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS) e dois questionários para controle dos fatores de risco biológicos e ambientais. Nos resultados, 53,3% das crianças eram prematuras com idade gestacional menor que 30 semanas e mais de 40% da população avaliada apresentou desempenho motor inadequado, sendo que 13,3% apresentaram atraso e 35,6% suspeita de atraso. O pior desempenho foi observado no grupo A. Os achados reforçam a importância da avaliação precoce, considerando que o primeiro semestre é o período mais crítico ao desenvolvimento motor. Palavras-chave: Recém-Nascido Prematuro. Destreza Motora. Recém-Nascido de muito Baixo Peso.

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Takeshita, Hideko. "Dynamic comparison of the development of combinatory manipulations between chimpanzee and human infants." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 24, no. 1 (February 2001): 65–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x01513916.

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I present my observations of combinatory manipulations by three infant chimpanzees in a series of test tasks. Common characteristics of motor patterns were observed across the tasks between both infant chimpanzees and 1-year-old infants. Based on the results, I point out that comparative approach can illuminate Thelen et al.'s arguments.

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Li, Xiao-Li, Yun Liu, Miao Liu, Chun-Yan Yang, and Qiao-Zhi Yang. "Early Premature Infant Oral Motor Intervention Improved Oral Feeding and Prognosis by Promoting Neurodevelopment." American Journal of Perinatology 37, no. 06 (April 23, 2019): 626–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1685448.

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Abstract Objective This study aimed to explore the clinical significance of early premature infant oral motor intervention (PIOMI) in the prognosis of premature infants. Study Design Infants were randomly divided into an intervention group (n = 78) and a control group (n = 73). PIOMI was given to the intervention group 15 to 30 minutes before feeding once a day for 14 days. The whole procedure lasted 15 minutes, including oral stimulation and nonnutritive sucking. Oral feeding ability and neuromotor development were evaluated using the Preterm Infant Oral Feeding Readiness Assessment (PIOFRA) scale and Infant Neurological International Battery (Infanib) scale. Results The PIOFRA score was higher in the intervention group and increased with time, showing a group–time interaction effect. The intervention group exhibited a higher feeding efficiency, a shorter transition time from assisted oral feeding to independent oral feeding, and lower body weight at achievement of independent oral feeding. The percentages of infants with a normal score on the Infanib scale were higher in the intervention group at 3 and 6 months of age, and an abnormal ratio was lower in the intervention group at 6 months (p < 0.01). Conclusion PIOMI promoted neuromotor coordination by improving neurodevelopment, thereby improving the oral feeding ability and prognosis of preterm infants.

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Tella, Patricia, Luciane da Rosa Piccolo, Mayra Lemus Rangel, Luis Augusto Rohde, Guilherme Vanoni Polanczyk, Euripides Constantino Miguel, Sandra Josefina Ferraz Ellero Grisi, Bacy Fleitlich-Bilyk, and Alexandre Archanjo Ferraro. "Socioeconomic diversities and infant development at 6 to 9 months in a poverty area of São Paulo, Brazil." Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy 40, no. 3 (August 23, 2018): 232–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2237-6089-2017-0008.

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Abstract Introduction The effects of socioeconomic disparities on cognitive development tend to emerge early in infancy and to widen throughout childhood, and may perpetuate later in life. Although the study of how poverty affects early childhood has increased in the last 20 years, many of the effects remain largely unknown, especially during the first year of life. Aim To investigate the influence of socioeconomic status (SES) and maternal education on infants’ language, motor and cognitive development. Methods The cognitive, language and motor skills of 444 infants aged 6 to 9 months selected from a poor neighborhood in São Paulo, Brazil, were evaluated using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development. A questionnaire on socioeconomic background was administered to the participants’ families. Results A positive association was found between SES and infants’ performance on language and motor scales. Additionally, higher maternal education was associated with higher language and cognitive scores. Conclusion Our findings indicate that SES effects are detectable very early in infancy. This result has implications for the timing of both screening and intervention efforts to help children overcome the consequences of living in poverty.

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Kepenek-Varol, Büşra, Zeynep Hoşbay, Selçuk Varol, and Emel Torun. "Assessment of motor development using the alberta infant motor scale in full-term infants." Turkish Journal of Pediatrics 62, no. 1 (2020): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.24953/turkjped.2020.01.013.

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van Haastert, I. C., L. S. de Vries, P. J. M. Helders, and M. J. Jongmans. "Early gross motor development of preterm infants according to the Alberta Infant Motor Scale." Journal of Pediatrics 149, no. 5 (November 2006): 617–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2006.07.025.

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Apicella, Fabio, Natasha Chericoni, Valeria Costanzo, Sara Baldini, Lucia Billeci, David Cohen, and Filippo Muratori. "Reciprocity in Interaction: A Window on the First Year of Life in Autism." Autism Research and Treatment 2013 (2013): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/705895.

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From early infancy onwards, young children appear motivated to engage reciprocally with others and share psychological states during dyadic interactions. Although poor reciprocity is one of the defining features of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), few studies have focused on the direct assessment of real-life reciprocal behavior; consequently, our knowledge of the nature and the development of this core feature of autism is still limited. In this study, we describe the phenomenon of reciprocity in infant-caregiver interaction by analyzing family movies taken during the first year of life of 10 infants with ASD and 9 infants with typical development (TD). We analyzed reciprocal behaviors by means of a coding scheme developed for this purpose (caregiver-infant reciprocity scale (CIRS)). Infants with ASD displayed less motor activity during the first semester and subsequently fewer vocalizations, compared to TD infants. Caregivers of ASD infants showed in the second semester shorter periods of involvement and a reduction of affectionate touch. These results suggest that from the first months of life a nonsynchronic motor-vocal pattern may interfere in different ways with the development of reciprocity in the primary relationship between infants later diagnosed with ASD and their caregivers.

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Caparros-Gonzalez, Rafael A., Borja Romero-Gonzalez, Raquel Gonzalez-Perez, Lidia Lucena-Prieto, Miguel Perez-Garcia, Francisco Cruz-Quintana, and Maria Isabel Peralta-Ramirez. "Maternal and Neonatal Hair Cortisol Levels Are Associated with Infant Neurodevelopment at Six Months of Age." Journal of Clinical Medicine 8, no. 11 (November 19, 2019): 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm8112015.

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Background: Maternal stress during pregnancy can affect fetal development during certain sensitive periods. Objective: To longitudinally assess maternal hair cortisol levels during pregnancy, and the postpartum along with neonatal hair cortisol levels that could be associated with infant neurodevelopment at six months of age. Methods: A sample of 41 pregnant women longitudinally assessed during the first, second, and third trimester and the postpartum, along with their 41 full-term neonates participated in this study. Hair cortisol levels were assessed from participants. Infant neurodevelopment was assessed by means of the Bayley Scale of Infants Development, Third Edition at age six months. Results: Maternal hair cortisol levels in the first and second trimester accounted for 24% and 23%, respectively, of variance of infant gross motor development (p < 0.05). Maternal hair cortisol levels during the postpartum accounted for 31% of variance of infant cognitive development (p < 0.05), and 25% of variance of infant gross motor development (p < 0.05). Neonatal hair cortisol levels accounted for 28% of variance of infant gross motor development (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The preconception and prenatal time are sensitive periods related to infant neurodevelopment along with the cortisol levels surrounding the fetus while in the womb. Pregnant women could be assessed for hair cortisol levels while attending a prenatal appointment.

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Cintas, Holly M. "Cross-Cultural Variation in Infant Motor Development." Physical & Occupational Therapy In Pediatrics 8, no. 4 (January 1989): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/j006v08n04_01.

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Thein, M. M., J. Lee, V. Tay, and S. L. Ling. "Infant walker use, injuries, and motor development." Injury Prevention 3, no. 1 (March 1, 1997): 63–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ip.3.1.63.

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Adolph, Karen E., and Justine E. Hoch. "Motor Development: Embodied, Embedded, Enculturated, and Enabling." Annual Review of Psychology 70, no. 1 (January 4, 2019): 141–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-010418-102836.

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Motor development and psychological development are fundamentally related, but researchers typically consider them separately. In this review, we present four key features of infant motor development and show that motor skill acquisition both requires and reflects basic psychological functions. ( a) Motor development is embodied: Opportunities for action depend on the current status of the body. ( b) Motor development is embedded: Variations in the environment create and constrain possibilities for action. ( c) Motor development is enculturated: Social and cultural influences shape motor behaviors. ( d) Motor development is enabling: New motor skills create new opportunities for exploration and learning that instigate cascades of development across diverse psychological domains. For each of these key features, we show that changes in infants’ bodies, environments, and experiences entail behavioral flexibility and are thus essential to psychology. Moreover, we suggest that motor development is an ideal model system for the study of psychological development.

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RATLIFF-SCHAUB, KAREN, CARL E. HUNT, DAVID CROWELL, HOWARD GOLUB, SHEILAH SMOK-PEARSALL, PAULA PALMER, SUSAN SCHAFER, SHARON BAK, JEAN CANTEY-KISER, and ROBERTA O'BELL. "Relationship Between Infant Sleep Position and Motor Development in Preterm Infants*." Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics 22, no. 5 (October 2001): 293–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004703-200110000-00003.

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Kádár, M., G. J. Szőllősi, Sz Molnár, L. Kardos, and L. Szabó. "Surveying the relation between the means of infant feeding and motor development in Hungary." Developments in Health Sciences 3, no. 3 (April 19, 2021): 65–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/2066.2020.00012.

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AbstractPurposeUnderstanding the role of nutrition in the development of children’s physical, mental, and motor abilities.Materials/methodsExamination of visiting nurse reports on feeding habits and perceived developmental delays in infants at 1 year of age between 2010 and 2015.ResultsBetween 0 and 6 months of age the lowest number of new cases (4.4/100,000) identified by health screenings can be anticipated among the infants feeding exclusively with breastmilk. We find a similarly low number of identifiable new cases among infants nourished with breastmilk where it is mixed with other nutrients (4.7 new cases) while the most cases of delayed motor development can be anticipated among infants nourished with infant formulae (48.4 new cases).ConclusionsThe role of nutrition in infants’ motor development is vital, especially breastfeeding. Regular health status checks of infants are inevitably required for the adoption of higher-level health-policy decisions which may induce projects, programmes, and strategies aimed at the improvement of health. Thorough documentation and continuous collection of the pertinent data is likewise requisite.

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Reid, Vincent, Daniel Stahl, and Tricia Striano. "The presence or absence of older siblings and variation in infant goal-directed motor development." International Journal of Behavioral Development 34, no. 4 (April 1, 2010): 325–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0165025409337570.

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This study investigates the relationship between having an older sibling and early goal-directed motor development. In a longitudinal study, infants were filmed playing with their mother and were observed at 5 and 12 months of age. After each observation, they were assessed with the Mental Bayley Scale. From the mother—child interaction, playing was coded in terms of the production of infant goal-directed actions. Results indicated that infants with siblings produced fewer goal-directed actions at 5 months than infants without older siblings, but at 12 months they produced relatively more goal-directed actions than infants without older siblings. There was no relationship with scores on the Mental Bayley Scale. In order to examine differences in adult behavior that may account for variation in infant motor performance, maternal level of motionese was scored with no differences found between the sibling—no sibling groups.

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Oktaviana, Wita, and Budi Anna Keliat. "Application of Therapeutic Therapy Therapies in Improving Baby Motor Development." Jurnal Keperawatan Jiwa 8, no. 3 (July 13, 2020): 265. http://dx.doi.org/10.26714/jkj.8.3.2020.265-272.

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Infancy is the starting point according to the capabilities and abilities that are formed. The age of the baby has a developmental task that must be questioned, namely trust and suspicion, which is not fulfilled so that it can cause fear there will be no comfort from the environment so that this baby develops suspicion for others and does not trust other people as well. Therapeutic group therapy (TKT) is one type of therapy that helps complete the development of infants, one of which is the development of motor skills. The purpose of reporting this case is to further resolve the application of TKT in improving infant motor development. The method used in this scientific work is a case report. The intervention was carried out on six family that has babies 0-6 months with a priority nursing diagnosis that is enforced is the readiness to increase the infant's age. Interventions were carried out in groups where each group consisted of 6-10 people. Improving the ability of infants through discussion and interviews after the intervention is carried out. The interventions given were generalist therapy and therapeutic group therapy (TKT). The author uses a workbook and a therapeutic evaluation book for Therapeutic Groups (TKT) to determine the understanding of baby's abilities. The results obtained are group therapy that can provide increased motor skills in infants.

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Fuentefria, Rubia do N., Rita C. Silveira, and Renato S. Procianoy. "Motor development of preterm infants assessed by the Alberta Infant Motor Scale: systematic review article." Jornal de Pediatria 93, no. 4 (July 2017): 328–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jped.2017.03.003.

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Fuentefria, Rubia do N., Rita C. Silveira, and Renato S. Procianoy. "Motor development of preterm infants assessed by the Alberta Infant Motor Scale: systematic review article." Jornal de Pediatria (Versão em Português) 93, no. 4 (July 2017): 328–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpedp.2017.05.002.

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Dusing, Stacey C., Theresa Izzo, Leroy R. Thacker, and James Cole Galloway. "Postural Complexity Influences Development in Infants Born Preterm With Brain Injury: Relating Perception-Action Theory to 3 Cases." Physical Therapy 94, no. 10 (October 1, 2014): 1508–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2522/ptj.20140023.

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Background and Purpose Perception-action theory suggests a cyclical relationship between movement and perceptual information. In this case series, changes in postural complexity were used to quantify an infant's action and perception during the development of early motor behaviors. Case Description Three infants born preterm with periventricular white matter injury were included. Outcomes Longitudinal changes in postural complexity (approximate entropy of the center of pressure), head control, reaching, and global development, measured with the Test of Infant Motor Performance and the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, were assessed every 0.5 to 3 months during the first year of life. All 3 infants demonstrated altered postural complexity and developmental delays. However, the timing of the altered postural complexity and the type of delays varied among the infants. For infant 1, reduced postural complexity or limited action while learning to control her head in the midline position may have contributed to her motor delay. However, her ability to adapt her postural complexity eventually may have supported her ability to learn from her environment, as reflected in her relative cognitive strength. For infant 2, limited early postural complexity may have negatively affected his learning through action, resulting in cognitive delay. For infant 3, an increase in postural complexity above typical levels was associated with declining neurological status. Discussion Postural complexity is proposed as a measure of perception and action in the postural control system during the development of early behaviors. An optimal, intermediate level of postural complexity supports the use of a variety of postural control strategies and enhances the perception-action cycle. Either excessive or reduced postural complexity may contribute to developmental delays in infants born preterm with white matter injury.

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Morais, Maria de Lima Salum e., Tania Kiehl Lucci, and Emma Otta. "Postpartum depression and child development in first year of life." Estudos de Psicologia (Campinas) 30, no. 1 (March 2013): 7–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-166x2013000100002.

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The aim of the study was to investigate the characteristics of infant development at four, eight and twelve months of age, as result of postpartum depression. The prevalence of Postpartum Depression - measured by the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale - at four months after delivery was 30.3%; at eight months, 26.4%; and at 12 months, 25.0%. Chi-square tests were used to compare children of mothers with and without Postpartum Depression in relation to developmental milestones. It was found developmental delay in infants of mothers with Postpartum Depression in: two interactional indicators at four months, two motor indicators at eight months and one gross motor indicator at twelve months. However, children of mothers with Postpartum Depression showed better results in one fine motor and in two language items at 12 months. The results point to the necessity of considering external and internal factors of mother and infant in the study of the effects of maternal depression on child development.

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Berger, Paige, Jasmine Plows, Roshonda Jones, Tanya Alderete, Claudia Rios, Marie Poulsen, David Fields, Lars Bode, Bradley Peterson, and Michael Goran. "Maternal Consumption of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages and Juices in Lactation Predicts Poorer Infant Neurodevelopment at 24 Postnatal Months." Current Developments in Nutrition 4, Supplement_2 (May 29, 2020): 943. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa054_015.

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Abstract Objectives Our prior studies have shown that maternal sugar-sweetened beverage and juice (SSBJ) consumption influenced breast milk fructose, and higher breast milk fructose was associated with greater infant growth. It is unknown whether maternal SSBJ consumption in lactation also influences infant neurodevelopment. The aim of this study was to determine whether maternal SSBJ consumption in lactation was associated with infant cognitive, language, and motor development at 24 postnatal months. Associations of maternal fructose, added, and total sugar consumption with infant neurodevelopmental outcomes were also examined. Methods Hispanic mother-infant pairs (N = 89) were recruited across the spectrum of pre-pregnancy BMI. Mothers completed two 24-hour dietary recalls at 1 and 6 postnatal months. The Bayley-III Scales were administered to all infants at 24 postnatal months to assess cognitive, language, and motor development. Multiple linear regressions were used to assess the correlations of maternal diet with infant Bayley-III outcomes, adjusting for maternal age, BMI, education level, energy intake, infant age, sex, and birthweight. Results At 1 postnatal month, mothers consumed 2.7 ± 3.1 servings SSBJ, 22 ± 12 g fructose, 59 ± 35 g added sugar, and 98 ± 47 g total sugar per day, and all were inversely associated with infant Bayley-III outcomes. Every 1 serving increase in SSBJs was associated with a 0.24 decrease in cognitive, 0.50 decrease in language, and 0.43 decrease in motor development scores (all P's ≤0.01). At 6 postnatal months, maternal SSBJ consumption remained inversely associated with infant motor development scores (B = −0.24, P = 0.03), but maternal fructose, added, and total sugar consumption were not associated with infant Bayley-III outcomes. Conclusions Our findings suggest that maternal SSBJ consumption in early lactation is an adverse influence of infant neurodevelopmental outcomes at 24 postnatal months. Funding Sources National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIH R01 DK110793); The Gerber Foundation (15PN-013).

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Valentini, Nadia Cristina, and Raquel Saccani. "Brazilian Validation of the Alberta Infant Motor Scale." Physical Therapy 92, no. 3 (March 1, 2012): 440–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2522/ptj.20110036.

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Background The Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS) is a well-known motor assessment tool used to identify potential delays in infants' motor development. Although Brazilian researchers and practitioners have used the AIMS in laboratories and clinical settings, its translation to Portuguese and validation for the Brazilian population is yet to be investigated. Objective This study aimed to translate and validate all AIMS items with respect to internal consistency and content, criterion, and construct validity. Design A cross-sectional and longitudinal design was used. Methods A cross-cultural translation was used to generate a Brazilian-Portuguese version of the AIMS. In addition, a validation process was conducted involving 22 professionals and 766 Brazilian infants (aged 0–18 months). Results The results demonstrated language clarity and internal consistency for the motor criteria (motor development score, α=.90; prone, α=.85; supine, α=.92; sitting, α=.84; and standing, α=.86). The analysis also revealed high discriminative power to identify typical and atypical development (motor development score, P<.001; percentile, P=.04; classification criterion, χ2=6.03; P=.05). Temporal stability (P=.07) (rho=.85, P<.001) was observed, and predictive power (P<.001) was limited to the group of infants aged from 3 months to 9 months. Limitations Limited predictive validity was observed, which may have been due to the restricted time that the groups were followed longitudinally. Conclusions In sum, the translated version of AIMS presented adequate validity and reliability.

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Wayan, Noviani Ni, and Fitria . "The impact of baby spa on the growth and development of infants aged 3-6 months at Puskesmas I Denpasar Selatan." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 6, no. 8 (July 25, 2018): 2601. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20183239.

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Background: Infancy is a critical period which required special and thorough treatment. The pursuant of optimal growth and development of infant is influenced by some factors which are correlated namely, genetics, environment, behavior, and stimulus. One of the measurements to determine growth is weight. Baby spa is one of physiotherapy for infant and could stimulate infant’s motor movement which has significant influence on their growth and development.Methods: The method of this research was Quasi experimental design using the framework of pretest and posttest with control group design on infants aged 3 until 6 months who are healthy. Kartu Menuju Sehat (KMS) or growth chart was used to record the growth of infant before and after the treatment. Denver Developmental Screening Test (DDST) was utilized to measure the infant’s development before and after the treatment. Baby spa therapy was performed once every two weeks for 12 weeks.Results: The research 20 infants of treatment group and control group statistically showed significant increase before and after baby spa treatment in term of growth and development of infants aged 3-6 months with p value=0.0000. There was an impact of the baby spa treatment towards the growth and development of infant aged 3-6 months based on the p value: 0.021.Conclusions: Baby spa which was performed on infants aged 3-6 months significantly increases their growth and development.

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Plimpton, Carol E. "Effects of Water and Land in Early Experience Programs on the Motor Development and Movement Comfortableness of Infants Aged 6 to 18 MO." Perceptual and Motor Skills 62, no. 3 (June 1986): 719–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1986.62.3.719.

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29 parent-infant pairs in early motor experience programs were studied to determine whether such programs influence motor development and movement comfortableness of the infant aged 6 to 18 mo. Infants were randomly assigned to one of five groups: Water-Water, Land-Land, Land-Water, Water-Land, or Control. Activity groups met in 20-min. sessions twice per week for 7 wk. Analysis of covariance of pre- and posttest scores on the Bayley Motor Scale assessed effects of the programs on motor development. Movement comfortableness was assessed by live observation by trained coders (four times during the study) who performed interval recording of six selected behaviors. Analysis of variance compared activity groups. Findings of both the analyses and of general descriptive analysis are discussed.

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Caçola, Priscila M., Carl Gabbard, Maria I. L. Montebelo, and Denise C. C. Santos. "Further Development and Validation of the Affordances in the Home Environment for Motor Development–Infant Scale (AHEMD-IS)." Physical Therapy 95, no. 6 (June 1, 2015): 901–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2522/ptj.20140011.

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Background Affordances in the home environment may play a significant role in infant motor development. Objective The purpose of this study was to further develop and validate the Affordances in the Home Environment for Motor Development–Infant Scale (AHEMD-IS), an inventory that measures the quantity and quality of motor affordances in the home. Design A cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate criteria for content validity, reliability, internal consistency, floor and ceiling effects, and interpretability of the instrument. Methods A pilot version of the inventory with 5 dimensions was used for expert panel analysis and administered to parents of infants (N=419). Data were analyzed with Cronbach alpha, intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs), ceiling and floor effects, and item and dimension interpretability analyses for creation of a scoring system with descriptive categories for each dimension and total score. Results Average agreement among the expert panel was 95% across all evaluation criteria. Cronbach alpha values with the 41-item scale ranged between .639 and .824 for the separate dimensions, with a total value of .824 (95% confidence interval [95% CI]=.781, .862). The ICC values were .990 for interrater reliability and .949 for intrarater reliability. There was a ceiling effect on 3 questions for the Inside Space dimension and on 3 questions for the Variety of Stimulation dimension. These results demonstrated the need for reduction in total items (from 41 to 35) and the combination of space dimensions. After removal of questions, internal consistency was .766 (95% CI=.729, .800) for total score. Overall assessment categories were created as: less than adequate, moderately adequate, adequate, and excellent. Limitations The inventory does not determine specific use (time, frequency) of affordances in the home, and it does not account for infants' out-of-home activities. Conclusions The AHEMD-IS is a reliable and valid instrument to assess affordances in the home environment that promote infant motor development.

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Davis, Beth Ellen, Rachel Y. Moon, Hari C. Sachs, and Mary C. Ottolini. "Effects of Sleep Position on Infant Motor Development." Pediatrics 102, no. 5 (November 1, 1998): 1135–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.102.5.1135.

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Campbell, Suzann K., Elizabeth T. Osten, Thubi H. A. Kolobe, and Anne G. Fisher. "Development of the Test of Infant Motor Performance." Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America 4, no. 3 (August 1993): 541–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1047-9651(18)30569-2.

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Stockman, J. A. "Infant Overweight Is Associated with Delayed Motor Development." Yearbook of Pediatrics 2012 (January 2012): 438–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yped.2011.04.010.

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Ravenscroft, Eleanor F., and Susan R. Harris. "Is Maternal Education Related to Infant Motor Development?" Pediatric Physical Therapy 19, no. 1 (2007): 56–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.pep.0000234962.53642.a5.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Infant motor development'

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