Academic literature on the topic 'Infants – Mortality – Ethiopia'
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Journal articles on the topic "Infants – Mortality – Ethiopia"
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Kiross, Girmay Tsegay, Catherine Chojenta, Daniel Barker, and Deborah Loxton. "Individual-, household- and community-level determinants of infant mortality in Ethiopia." PLOS ONE 16, no. 3 (2021): e0248501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0248501.
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Introduction People living in the same area share similar determinants of infant mortality, such as access to healthcare. The community’s prevailing norms and attitudes about health behaviours could also influence the health care decisions made by individuals. In diversified communities like Ethiopia, differences in child health outcomes might not be due to variation in individual and family characteristics alone, but also due to differences in the socioeconomic characteristics of the community where the child lives. While individual level characteristics have been examined to some extent, almost all studies into infant mortality conducted in Ethiopia have failed to consider the impact of community-level characteristics. Therefore, this study aims to identify individual and community level determinants of infant mortality in Ethiopia. Method Data from the Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey in 2016 were used for this study. A total of 10641 live births were included in this analysis. A multi-level logistic regression analysis was used to examine both individual and community level determinants while accounting for the hierarchal structure of the data. Results Individual-level characteristics such as infant sex have a statistically significant association with infant mortality. The odds of infant death before one year was 50% higher for males than females (AOR = 1.66; 95% CI: 1.25–2.20; p-value <0.001). At the community level, infants from pastoralist areas (Somali and Afar regions) were 1.4 more likely die compared with infants living in the Agrarian area such as Amhara, Tigray, and Oromia regions; AOR = 1.44; 95% CI; 1.02–2.06; p-value = 0.039). Conclusion Individual, household and community level characteristics have a statistically significant association with infant mortality. In addition to the individual based interventions already in place, household and community-based interventions such as focusing on socially and economically disadvantaged regions in Ethiopia could help to reduce infant mortality.
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Geteneh, Alene, Tesfaye Kassa, Yared Alemu, et al. "Enhanced identification of Group B streptococcus in infants with suspected meningitis in Ethiopia." PLOS ONE 15, no. 11 (2020): e0242628. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0242628.
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Meningitis is one of the top ten causes of death among Ethiopian infants. Group B streptococcus (GBS) has emerged as a leading cause of meningitis in neonates and young infants, resulting in high mortality. Despite this, there is no report on GBS associated meningitis in Ethiopia where infant meningitis is common. Hence, the aim of this study was to determine the proportion of GBS associated meningitis among Ethiopian infants. PCR was prospectively used to detect GBS in culture-negative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples, which were collected from infants suspected for meningitis, at Tikur Anbessa specialized hospital, Ethiopia, over a one-year period. GBS was detected by PCR in 63.9% of culture-negative CSF samples. Out of the 46 GBS positive infants, 10.9% (n = 5) of them died. The late onset of GBS (LOGBS) disease was noted to have a poor outcome with 3 LOGBS out of 5 GBS positive samples collected from patients with the final outcome of death. PCR was advantageous in the identification of GBS in culture-negative CSF samples. GBS was detected in 64% of the CSF samples from infants with meningitis compared with zero-detection rate by culture.
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Sakelo, Amanuel Nuramo, Nega Assefa, Lemessa Oljira, and Zebene Mekonnen Assefa. "Newborn Care Practice and Associated Factors among Mothers of One-Month-Old Infants in Southwest Ethiopia." International Journal of Pediatrics 2020 (October 20, 2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/3897427.
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Newborn care refers to the care that is provided to the baby from birth to one-month-old by a caregiver or by the mothers including thermal care, hygienic care, cord care, eye care, breastfeeding, immunization, and identification of newborn danger signs. According to Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) 2016, the neonatal mortality rate was 29 deaths per 1000 live births, and the postneonatal mortality rate was 19 deaths per 1000 live births with neonates contributing 48 deaths per 1000 of the infant mortality. Neonatal mortality accounts for approximately two-thirds of all infant mortality worldwide. Objective. The objective of this study was to assess newborn care practice and associated factors among mothers with babies of one-month-old in Hossana town, Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples’ Region, Ethiopia, 2018. Methods. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among randomly selected 422 mothers with babies of one-month-old in Hossana town, southwest Ethiopia. The data were entered to EpiData 3.1 and exported to Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were applied, and frequencies and odds ratios were calculated to determine the prevalence and associated factors, respectively. Results. In this study, 31% of participants had good newborn care practice based on three composite variables such as 84% who have done early breastfeeding initiation, 32.9% who have done safe cord care, and 30.6% who have done thermal care. Educational status of the mother’s, primary ( AOR = 2.80 , 95% CI: 1.027-7.637), secondary ( AOR = 2.596 , 95% CI: 0.921-7.316), and college and above ( AOR = 3.63 , 95% CI: 1.056-12.492); mothers who practiced handwashing (hygiene) before touching a newborn ( AOR = 2.552 , 95% CI: 1.092-5.963); and mothers who had good knowledge on newborn care practice ( AOR = 15.638 , 95% CI: 3.599-67.943) were significantly associated with newborn care practice. Conclusion and Recommendation. The present study indicated that the level of comprehensive newborn care practice was unsatisfactory; all responsible bodies were giving attention and intervene on the predictors to improve newborn care practice and provide health education regarding newborn care practice. Education level, health education (counseling) on hygiene, and knowledge of mother on newborn care practice were independent predictors of newborn care practice.
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Demtse, Asrat G., Riccardo E. Pfister, Assaye K. Nigussie, et al. "Hypothermia in Preterm Newborns: Impact on Survival." Global Pediatric Health 7 (January 2020): 2333794X2095765. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2333794x20957655.
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Background. Globally, prematurity is the leading cause of neonatal mortality, and hypothermia is one of its contributing factors. The goal of this study was to determine the association between hypothermia and mortality. Methods. A prospective, multi-center, descriptive clinical study was conducted in 5 hospitals in Ethiopia. Axillary temperatures were taken at the time of admission to the newborn intensive care units (NICU) and followed during the NICU stay. Results. A total of 3852 premature neonates (<37 weeks) were admitted to the NICUs from July 2016 to May 2018. Of these infants, 1109 (28.8%) died and 2991 (79.6%) had hypothermia. Hypothermia was associated with perinatal asphyxia (89.5%), RDS (86.2%), and resuscitation at birth (82.7%). Admission temperatures in preterm newborns were inversely associated with mortality and morbidity. Conclusion. Hypothermia at admission is associated with neonatal mortality in premature neonates in Ethiopia. RDS and perinatal asphyxia were the main factors associated with hypothermia. The very high prevalence and association with mortality warrants quality improvement interventions.
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Gidi, Netsanet Workneh, Robert L. Goldenberg, Assaye K. Nigussie, et al. "Comparison of neonatal outcomes of small for gestational age and appropriate for gestational age preterm infants born at 28–36 weeks of gestation: a multicentre study in Ethiopia." BMJ Paediatrics Open 4, no. 1 (2020): e000740. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjpo-2020-000740.
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PurposeThe aim of this study was to assess morbidity and mortality pattern of small for gestational age (SGA) preterm infants in comparison to appropriate for gestational age (AGA) preterm infants of similar gestational age.MethodWe compared neonatal outcomes of 1336, 1:1 matched, singleton SGA and AGA preterm infants based on their gestational age using data from the study ‘Causes of Illness and Death of Preterm Infants in Ethiopia (SIP)’. Data were analysed using SPSS V.23. ORs and 95% CIs and χ2 tests were done, p value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultThe majority of the infants (1194, 89%) were moderate to late preterm (32–36 weeks of gestation), 763 (57%) were females. Male preterm infants had higher risk of being SGA than female infants (p<0.001). SGA infants had increased risk of hypoglycaemic (OR and 95% CI 1.6 (1.2 to 2.0), necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) 2.3 (1.2 to 4.1), polycythaemia 3.0 (1.6 to 5.4), late-onset neonatal sepsis (LOS) 3.6 (1.1 to 10.9)) and prolonged hospitalisation 2.9 (2.0 to 4.2). The rates of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), apnoea and mortality were similar in the SGA and AGA groups.ConclusionNeonatal complications such as hypoglycaemic, NEC, LOS, polycythaemia and prolonged hospitalisation are more common in SGA infants, while rates of RDS and mortality are similar in SGA and AGA groups. Early recognition of SGA status, high index of suspicion and screening for complications associated and timely intervention to prevent complications need due consideration.
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Metaferia, Gesit, Mahlet Abayneh, Sara Aynalem, et al. "Antenatal Steroid Utilization in Ethiopia." Global Pediatric Health 8 (January 2021): 2333794X2199034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2333794x21990344.
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Background. Administration of antenatal corticosteroids to pregnant mothers is one of the most effective interventions to decrease preterm neonatal mortality. In this study we assessed antenatal steroid utilization by the mother and its effect on preterm babies. Method. Two years prospective, multicenter, observational study was conducted in selected hospitals of Ethiopia. Significance of the study outcomes was tested by chi-square and binary logistic regression. Result. Out of 4919 participants, 1575 preterm babies whose gestational ages were below 35 weeks were included in the study. Use of antenatal dexamethasone was 37.5% among study participants. The risk of early onset neonatal sepsis 235 (40.4%) was higher in preterm babies whose mother took antenatal dexamethasone ( P-value .002) than those who did not. Conclusion. Antenatal dexamethasone use in our study was comparable with other low and middle-income countries. Risk of early onset neonatal sepsis was higher among infants whose mother took antenatal dexamethasone.
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Mony, Prem K., Henok Tadele, Abebe Gebremariam Gobezayehu, et al. "Scaling up Kangaroo Mother Care in Ethiopia and India: a multi-site implementation research study." BMJ Global Health 6, no. 9 (2021): e005905. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2021-005905.
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ObjectivesKangaroo Mother Care (KMC), prolonged skin-to-skin care of the low birth weight baby with the mother plus exclusive breastfeeding reduces neonatal mortality. Global KMC coverage is low. This study was conducted to develop and evaluate context-adapted implementation models to achieve improved coverage.DesignThis study used mixed-methods applying implementation science to develop an adaptable strategy to improve implementation. Formative research informed the initial model which was refined in three iterative cycles. The models included three components: (1) maximising access to KMC-implementing facilities, (2) ensuring KMC initiation and maintenance in facilities and (3) supporting continuation at home postdischarge.Participants3804 infants of birth weight under 2000 g who survived the first 3 days, were available in the study area and whose mother resided in the study area.Main outcome measuresThe primary outcomes were coverage of KMC during the 24 hours prior to discharge and at 7 days postdischarge.ResultsKey barriers and solutions were identified for scaling up KMC. The resulting implementation model achieved high population-based coverage. KMC initiation reached 68%–86% of infants in Ethiopian sites and 87% in Indian sites. At discharge, KMC was provided to 68% of infants in Ethiopia and 55% in India. At 7 days postdischarge, KMC was provided to 53%–65% of infants in all sites, except Oromia (38%) and Karnataka (36%).ConclusionsThis study shows how high coverage of KMC can be achieved using context-adapted models based on implementation science. They were supported by government leadership, health workers’ conviction that KMC is the standard of care, women’s and families’ acceptance of KMC, and changes in infrastructure, policy, skills and practice.Trial registration numbersISRCTN12286667; CTRI/2017/07/008988; NCT03098069; NCT03419416; NCT03506698.
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Ekubagewargies, Daniale Tekelia, Habtamu Sewunet Mekonnen, and Tsehayu Melak Siyoum. "Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of HIV Positive Mothers on Antiretroviral Treatment towards Infant Feeding in Gondar Town Health Institutions, North West Ethiopia, 2017." International Journal of Pediatrics 2019 (January 1, 2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/9107989.
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Introduction. The world health organization recommends feeding practices for infants born from Human Immunodeficiency Virus infected mothers to be safe to both the infant and the mother. This includes prevention of mother to child transmission of the virus and at the same time meeting nutritional requirements of the child. This requires prioritizing prevention of HIV transmission through breastfeeding against non-HIV morbidity and mortality especially from malnutrition and serious illnesses such as diarrhea, among nonbreastfed infants. Objective. This study was aimed at assessing knowledge, attitude, and practice of HIV positive mothers on antiretroviral therapy towards infant feeding. Method. Institution based cross-sectional study was conducted among 402 HIV positive mothers at ART clinics of Gondar town from March 1 to April 18, 2017. Systematic random sampling technique was used to select study participants. Data was collected using a structured, pretested, interviewer-administered questionnaire. The collected data was entered into Epi Info version 7 and analyzed using SPSS version 20 software. Result. A total of 402 participants were interviewed with a 100% response rate. The mean age of participants was 29.24 (SD±10.06) years. The overall level of participant good knowledge and favorable attitude was 68.91% and 75.87%, respectively. Only 23.7% of mothers were practicing infant feeding according to WHO recommendation.
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Gusland, Daniele, Melkamu Berhane, Abinet Bekele, Yamrot Woldegiorgis, Dawd Siraj, and James Conway. "#70: Comparing Prospectively Identified Etiologic Agents of Neonatal Sepsis in Southwest Ethiopia with WHO Empiric Antibiotic Guidelines." Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society 10, Supplement_1 (2021): S17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jpids/piaa170.053.
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Abstract Background Neonatal sepsis accounts for one third of global neonatal mortality. To improve access to treatment for neonatal sepsis, in 2015 the World Health Organization (WHO) released guidance for outpatient treatment (when referral is not possible or refused) of Possible Serious Bacterial Infection (PSBI).1 However, studies from low and middle-income countries suggest that bacteria causing neonatal infection differ from high-income countries, with higher rates of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella species and high rates of antimicrobial resistance. For this reason, local surveillance is vital to develop local antibiograms and tailor appropriate prescribing. Methods This is an analysis of the first 6 months of a prospective study of young infants admitted to Jimma University Hospital with PSBI. Young infants admitted to Jimma University Hospital with PSBI (defined by WHO danger signs: poor feeding, seizures, fever, lethargy, hypothermia, tachypnea, and increased work of breathing) are being recruited over a 12-month period. Blood cultures are obtained on admission, incubated in the BACTEC system and positive cultures evaluated for antibiotic susceptibility by Kirby-Bauer Disc diffusion. Primary outcomes are culture positivity, organism identification, and rates of antimicrobial resistance. Secondary outcomes include mortality rates and duration of hospital stay. The data included in this analysis were collected from March 21, 2019, through September 20, 2019. Data collection is ongoing. Results In total, 196 infants have been enrolled with a culture positivity rate of 58%. At this time, most frequently identified organisms are Klebsiella spp. (43.4%) and Staphylococcus aureus (12.2%). Gram-negative rods represent 67.8% of the isolates and gram-positive cocci 32.2%. Less than half the isolates (44.4%) were susceptible to either first-line antibiotic (ampicillin and gentamicin). Only 17.4% of the gram-positive cocci were sensitive to oxacillin. In-hospital mortality rates for those with positive cultures approached 15% (compared with 5% for culture negative). The average hospital stay for infants with positive cultures was 13.9 days compared with 10.1 for those with negative cultures. Conclusion Klebsiella spp. are responsible for a plurality of neonatal sepsis admissions at Jimma University Hospital. The organisms responsible for neonatal sepsis in southwest Ethiopia are highly resistant to the WHO recommended first-line antibiotics. It is possible that adoption of the WHO guidelines may be inappropriate in this population, which could be better served by tailoring empiric antibiotics to the identified organisms. Reference 1. World Health Organization. Guideline: Managing possible serious bacterial infection in young infants when a referral is not feasible. (2015) Geneva, CH.
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Gidi, Netsanet Workneh, Amha Mekasha, Assaye K. Nigussie, et al. "Preterm Nutrition and Clinical Outcomes." Global Pediatric Health 7 (January 2020): 2333794X2093785. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2333794x20937851.
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Background. In low-income countries, preterm nutrition is often inadequately addressed. The aim of the study was to assess the patterns of feeding and associated clinical outcomes of preterm neonates admitted to neonatal intensive care units in Ethiopia. Method. This was a multicenter, prospective study. Infants’ clinical characteristics at birth, daily monitoring of feeding history, and weight measurements were collected. An outcome assessment was completed at 28 days. Result. For this analysis, 2560 infants (53% male) were eligible. The mean (SD) gestational age was 33.1 (2.2) weeks. During the hospital stay the proportion of infants on breast milk only, preterm formula, term formula, and mixed feeding was 58%, 27.4%, 1.6%, and 34.1%, respectively. Delay in enteral feeding was associated with increased risk of death (odds ratio [OR] = 1.92, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.33-2.78; P < .001) and (OR = 5.06, 95% CI = 3.23-7.87; P < .001) for 1 to 3 and 4 to 6 days of delay in enteral feeding, respectively, after adjusting for possible confounders. The length of delay in enteral feeding was associated with increased risk of hypoglycemia (OR = 1.2, 95% CI = 1.1-1.2; P = .005). The mortality rate was lower in hospitals providing preterm formula more often ( P = .04). Half of the infants continued losing weight at the time of discharge. Conclusion. Delayed enteral feeding significantly increases the risk of mortality before discharge and hypoglycemia in preterm infants in resource-limited settings. Ensuring adequate nutritional support of preterm infants is highly needed.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Infants – Mortality – Ethiopia"
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Gebremeskel, Tamiru. "The impact of early childbearing on maternal behaviour and infant health in Ethiopia." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Sociologiska institutionen, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-106261.
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This study assessed how early motherhood influences maternal behavior and infant healthin Ethiopia. Data from the Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey 2011 were used.Descriptive and Multinomial analysis were performed to observe the determinants of antenatalcare visits and birth weight. Cox regression model was employed for analyzing the risk of infantmortality. Findings clearly show that young maternal age at birth was associated with asignificantly lower number of ANC visits and increased the risk of infant mortality. However,there was no significant difference in the incidence of having babies with a low birth weight byage. Apart from maternal age at birth, education, wealth status, place of residence and ethnicityhad a stronger significant effect on outcome variables.In conclusion, this study demonstrated that young age at birth has an effect on utilizationof ANC service and infant health. For a favorable maternal behavior and infant health outcomewe strongly suggest that the following should be considered-: strong enforcement of minimumage at marriage abided by law, promoting young women’s education, and adequate andaffordable health care services in remote rural areas where health clinics are inaccessible.
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Fantahun, Mesganaw. "Mortality and survival from childhood to old age in rural Ethiopia." Doctoral thesis, Umeå : Umeå universitet, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-1559.
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Wussobo, Adane M. "Health and Poverty: The Issue of Health Inequalities in Ethiopia." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/6312.
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The objectives of this study are to provide a comprehensive assessment of inequalities in infant and under-five years' child survival, access to and utilisations of child health services among different socio-economic groups in Ethiopia; and identify issues for policies and programmes at national and sub-national levels. This thesis examines the effect of parental socioeconomic status, maternal and delivery care services, mothers' bio-demographic and background characteristics on the level of differences in infant and under-five years' child survival and access to and utilisation of child health services. Descriptive and multivariate analyses were carried out for selected variables in the literature which were consider as the major determinants of infant mortality rate (IMR) and under-five years' child mortality rate (U5MR); access to and utilisations of child health services based on data from Ethiopian demographic and health survey (EDHS), covering the years 2000-2005. In the multivariate analysis a logit regression model was used to estimates inequalities in infant and under-five years' child survival, and inequalities in access to and utilisation of child health services. In Ethiopia, little was known about inequalities in IMR and U5MR, and inequalities in access to and utilisation of child health services. Besides, there is no systematic analysis of health inequalities and into its determinants using logistic regression. According to the available literature, this is the first comprehensive and systematic analysis of inequality of health in Ethiopia. The findings show that compared to under-five years' children of mothers' partners with no work, mothers' partners in professional, technical and managerial occupations had 13 times more chance of under-five years child survival for 2000 weighted observations. In addition, compared to infants of mothers who were gave birth to one child in last 5 years preceding the survey, infants of mothers who were gave birth to 2 children in last 5 years preceding the survey had 70% less chance of infant survival while infants of mothers who were gave birth to 3 or more children had 89% less chance of infant survival for 2000 weighted observations. Moreover, this study finding also indicates that inequalities increased significantly in the five years period between 2000 and 2005 among mothers with different birth interval. Most of the relations between birth interval and receiving childhood immunisation for vaccine-preventable diseases were statistically significant. Moreover compared to non-educated mothers, mothers who completed secondary and higher education were nearly 10 times more likely to receive DPT3 immunisation for their young children. This study concludes that policy measures that tackle health inequalities will have a positive impact in the implementation of health sector strategy of Ethiopia. Health inequalities studies in Ethiopia and Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) countries should focus on systematic analysis of different socio-economic groups. The finding of this study support investing in the Ethiopia's health extension package (HEP) is a necessary but not sufficient condition for addressing rural poor health problem. HEP is successful in increasing primary health care coverage in rural Ethiopia to 89.6% (FMOH, 2009) but unable to reduce Ethiopia's higher level of IMR and U5MR. HEP is one of the success stories that address the rural poor health problem and can also be adapted to developing countries of SSA. The finding also shows that the success stories such as health insurance programs like Rwanda (World Bank, 2008a) and Ethiopia (FMOH, 2009/10) will play a key role in achieving country's health care financing goal of universal coverage. This can also be replicated in the developing SSA countries.
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Guta, Yonas Regassa. "Post-mortem lessons : community-based model for preventing maternal mortality and newborn death in Ethiopia." Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/21911.
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Ethiopia is one of the five nations that bear the global burden of nearly 50% maternal mortalities and newborn deaths. Cause-specific maternal mortality and newborn death information are vitally important for prevention, but little is known about the causes of deaths. Many maternal mortalities and newborn deaths occur at home, outside the formal health sector, and few are attended by qualified medical professionals. Despite the fact that, non-medical factors are often more important in determining whether a woman/newborn lives or dies than the medical cause of death itself. This study determines and explores factors contributing to maternal mortalities and newborn deaths in Ethiopia with the aim of developing a community-based model for averting maternal mortalities and newborn deaths in Ethiopia.
The study was organised in three phases. In Phase 1, a community-based-retrospective approach using explorative, descriptive and contextual study design, combining both qualitative and quantitative methods (mixed methods) were used to make an in-depth investigation and analysis of the circumstances and events surrounding individual cases of maternal mortality and newborn deaths. The result of the study revealed various direct and indirect as well as possible contributing factors to maternal mortalities and newborn deaths which outlined bases for forwarding Phase 2 of the study called concept analysis. In Phase 3, a prototype model was developed according to Chinn and Kramer’s approach to theory generation: initially, based on the empirical perspectives of the study, concept analysis was conducted. The structure and process of a model to avert maternal mortality and newborn death were described; and, six survey list; namely, agent, recipient, context, procedure, dynamic and terminus of Dickoff, James and Wiedenbach (1968) form the basis for development and description of a model for averting maternal mortality and newborn deaths in Ethiopia.
Impediment in receiving prompt, adequate and appropriate care were common problems encountered even after reaching an appropriate medical facility. For any attempt to attain a significant reduction in maternal mortality and newborn death, the health care system in Ethiopia must assume its tasks to institute critical changes in both the structure and process of health care delivery services.Health Studies
D. Litt. et Phil. (Health Studies)
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Muhe, Lulu. "Child health and acute respiratory infections in Ethiopia : epidemiology for prevention and control." Doctoral thesis, 1994. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-102337.
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This thesis is based on studies in Butajira district in the south central part of Ethiopia and one study in the Ethio-Swedish Children's Hospital in Addis Ababa. The Butajira project has a continuous demographic surveillance system, established in 1987 in a sample of 10 communities with a total baseline population of about 30,000. The project includes the development and evaluation of a system for continuous registration of vital events and provides a baseline population and sampling frame for health related research activities. The thesis used different study designs within the surveillance system. A carriership study was undertaken to determine the potential bacterial respiratory pathogens among under-five children. A clinical study was done to investigate aetiological agents among young infants (below 3 months) with pneumonia, sepsis and meningitis in a hospital setting. Interview studies were carried out on mothers' perceptions of illness and practices in the care of children with acute respiratory infections. Within the surveillance system, patterns of under-five mortality were analysed. A nested case-referent design was applied to assess public health and behavioural determinants of mortality. A cohort study was performed among under-fives in three communities to estimate the magnitude of illness burden, particularly from ARI, as well as to assess determinants of ARI morbidity. Among 1126 under-five children, 85% were found to harbour H. influenzae, 83% M. catarrhalis and 90% S. pneumoniae in the nasopharynx. The hospital-based study isolated S. pneumoniae, Streptococcus group A, Salmonella group B, E. coli and H. influenzae in the age group below 3 months. The study of mothers' perceptions and practices, showed that mothers do know the symptoms of measles and whooping cough, while they do not recognize pneumonia as an illness entity and are not aware of fast breathing as an important sign of pneumonia. The mortality studies showed a high infant and under-five mortality rate. ARI was responsible for one fifth of the under-five mortality and almost one third of the infant mortality rate. Cause of death in the case-referent study was determined using a validated verbal autopsy method. Breast-feeding and supplementary feeding were demonstrated to be strongly protective when controlling for parental and environmental determinants of mortality. A one year prospective home surveillance study showed that illness was reported in 5.8% of 1,216 person-years. ARI contributed half of this illness load and was particularly associated with parental factors. Among sanitation factors, the absence of piped water was an important determinant of morbidity. Among housing factors, the type of roof and lighting source for the house, and among parental factors, illiteracy of either parents and having a farmer as a father, were found to be independently associated with increased morbidity. Among health and behavioural factors, preterm delivery and lack of immunization were associated with increased morbidity. The results of the studies of this thesis have been utilized to design an intervention case management package. The intervention study and evaluation of its impact is now on-going.Diss. (sammanfattning) Umeå : Umeå universitet, 1994, härtill 7 uppsatser.
digitalisering@umu.se
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Biratu, Andargachew Kassa. "Addressing the high adverse pregnancy outcomes through the incorporation of preconception care (PCC) in the health system of Ethiopia." Thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/24859.
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Background: Preconception care (PCC) is highly recommended evidence-based intervention to optimize women’s health in particular and in so doing reduce the incidences of adverse pregnancy outcomes (APO). PCC targets modification of risk factors to APO occurring before and just at early weeks of conception. Nevertheless, in Ethiopia, the need to implement PCC as part of the continuums of the comprehensive Maternal, Neonatal and Child Health Care services is not yet studied.
Purpose/Aim of the study: This study aimed to develop a guideline to assist the incorporation of PCC in Ethiopian health system thereby reduce the highly incident APOs in the country, which is the purpose of the study.
Methodology: This study applied the explanatory sequential mixed method to determine the determinants to the non-implementation PCC in Ethiopia. In addition, a policy document analysis was conducted to identify the existence of policy guiding the implementation of PCC in Ethiopia. Finally, the study applied a Delphi technique to increase the utility and acceptance of the guideline developed. The study was guided by a theory based framework called a Framework for Determinants of Innovation Processes (FDOIP).
RESULT: Nearly all (84.7%) of the healthcare providers (HCPs) never ever practiced PCC. Even among those who ever practiced, the majority (74%), practiced it poorly. More than two third (68.6%) had poor PCC knowledge. HCP’s with good PCC knowledge had likely hood of practicing PCC by four times greater than those with poor PCC knowledge (AOR=4.4, 95% CI: 2.5-7.6). The policy document analysis identified the absence of policy guiding the practice of PCC in Ethiopia. The HCP’s curriculums also didn’t include PCC. The determinants to non-implementation of PCC, as perceived by the qualitative study participants include absence of national PCC policy , absence of PCC guideline, lack of institutional PCC plan, presence of other competing demand, lack of laboratory facilities and setup, lack of accountable body, absence of Individual or organization introduced PCC to the country, absence of trained manpower on PCC, absence of known expert in PCC, Poor public awareness about preconception health and PCC, Unplanned Pregnancy and poor health seeking behaviour.
CONCLUSION
The study revealed the absence of a standard and complete PCC practices by the HCPs. Nearly all HCPs never ever implement PCC. Even those very few practitioners were found practicing PCC poorly that is in a substandard, incidental, and in an inconsistent way. There is no formal policy document guiding the implementation of in Ethiopia. The HCPs training curriculum didn’t include PCC. The guideline developed base on the study findings of the study recommended to incorporating PCC in Ethiopia health system.Health Studies
D. Litt. et Phil. (Health Studies)
Books on the topic "Infants – Mortality – Ethiopia"
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Negera, Assefa. An analysis of the trends, differentials and key proximate determinants of infant and under-five mortality in Ethiopia: Further analysis of the 2000, 2005, and 2011 demographic and health surveys. ICF International, 2013.
Conference papers on the topic "Infants – Mortality – Ethiopia"
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Widiyaningrum, Alfiati Nanda, Bhisma Murti, and Eti Poncorini Pamungkasari. "Effect of Meconium Stained Amniotic Fluid on The Risk of Infants Asphyxia: A Meta-Analysis." In The 7th International Conference on Public Health 2020. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.130.
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ABSTRACT Background: Meconium aspiration syndrome refers to the aspiration of meconium and amniotic fluid by the fetus. It can occur when the fetus is still in the uterus, passing through the birth canal or when it takes its first breath after birth. Meconium aspiration is a serious condition with high morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to examine the effect of meconium stained amniotic fluid on the risk of infants asphyxia. Subjects and Method: Meta analysis and systematic review was conducted by collecting published articles from PubMed, Google Scholar, Clinical Key, Science Direct, and Springer Link databases. Keywords used risk factor, asphyxia, birth asphyxia, meconium stained amniotic, meconium stained liquor, and cross sectional. The inclusion criteria were full text, using English language, using cross-sectional study design, and reporting adjusted odds ratio. The study population was infants. Intervention was meconium stained amniotic liquid with comparison clean amniotic liquid. The study outcome was asphyxia. The collected articles were selected by PRISMA flow chart. The quantitative data were analyzed by fixed effect model using Revman 5.3. Results: 7 studies from Ethiopia reported that meconium stained amniotic fluid increased the risk of asphyxia in infants 5.83 (aOR= 5.83; CI 95%= 4.15 to 8.20; p <0.001). Conclusion: Meconium stained amniotic fluid increases the risk of asphyxia in infants. Keywords: meconium, amniotic fluid, asphyxia, infants Correspondence: Alfiati Nanda Widiyaningrum. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: widiyaningruma@gmail.com. Mobile:081327524537. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.130