Dissertations / Theses: 'Infants Newborn infants'

1

Au, Man-tak. "A study on the growth profile and factors affecting the rate of growth of new born babies in Hong Kong." [Hong Kong] : University of Hong Kong, 1991. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13064915.

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2

Tang, Mei-po. "Weight gain and methods of feeding a retrospective cohort study of the Hong Kong Chinese infants /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2004. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31972214.

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3

Pegg, Judith E. "Young infants demonstrate a preference for infant directed talk." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28997.

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This research was designed to assess 7-week-old infants' preference for infant directed and adult directed talk. (IDT and ADT) using the infant controlled habituation/dishabituation looking procedure. Infants were presented with short audio recordings of either a female or a male speaking in IDT during habituation and ADT during dishabituation or the reverse. In the control conditions, the stimulus did not change. Infants demonstrated preference for IDT over ADT in both male and female speaker conditions. They also demonstrated preference for the female speaker used in this study over the male speaker. Interactions among the dependent variables (first three looks), and the independent variables (infant gender, and style of speaking as well as infant gender, and speaker gender), suggest that the preference might not be as robust as the preference found in infants over 4 months. Evidence for discrimination between IDT and ADT was inferred from the between group demonstration of preference, but no evidence of within infant discrimination was found. Because the evidence suggests that 7-week-old infants demonstrate weaker preference for IDT over ADT than do infants of 4 months, it is assumed that infant preferences follow a developmental sequence. Thus, it is possible that developing preferences are influenced by experiential factors.
Arts, Faculty of
Psychology, Department of
Graduate

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4

Wan, Shek-kong Thomas. "Neutrophil function tests in Chinese newborn infants." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1991. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13186292.

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5

溫錫剛 and Shek-kong Thomas Wan. "Neutrophil function tests in Chinese newborn infants." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1991. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B43893363.

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6

Atkinson, Jessica. "An in-vivo structural MRI investigation of newborn infants' brains : preterm infants and infants born with intrauterine growth restriction." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2012. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/2002304/.

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Introduction: It is well documented that preterm infants are less developed than term infants at term age and infants with IUGR are said to be of higher vulnerability. Fractional Anisotropy (FA) and Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC) are sensitive to micro structural abnormalities and increases in anisotropy associated with premyelination are the earliest indications of the beginning processes of myelination. Furthermore reductions in brain volumes have been found in preterm infants compared to controls and IUGR infants. Thyroxine (T4) is necessary for normal growth and development of the central nervous system. Infants born preterm miss out on the maternal transfer of T4 that occurs during the third trimester and are born with an underdeveloped thyroid gland that is not yet producing sufficient amounts of T4. Method: Sixty nine infants (51 preterm, 9 IUGR and 9 controls) were imaged on a 1.5 Telsa MRI Scanner. DTI analysis was performed using medical imaging software (DTIstudio). FA and ADC maps were used to draw regions of interest around the posterior limb of the internal capsule (PLIC), corpus callosum (CC), frontal lobes (FL) and occipital lobes (OL). The software Brain Voyager QX (version 1.9.10) was used for image realignment and demarcation of T2 Weighted images and the images were analysed using medical imaging software for structure- specific brain volume measurements (Easymeasure). Statistical analysis was conducted with repeated measures ANOVA using SPSS version 18. Results: A significant interaction when investigating anterior vs. posterior structures and laterality of structures with treatment in the frontal lobes and posterior limb of the internal capsule was found suggesting a group difference between infants treated with levothyroxine and those receiving placebo. IUGR infants generally had lower FA and ADC than the control group. Generally lower structural volumes were found in the placebo and IUGR group. Conclusion: Administration of levothyroxine affects the structures on different sides of the brain differently and raises structural volumes. Levothyroxine may be of particular benefit to infants with low levels of thyroxine in their blood (hypothyroxinemia) and male preterm infants. Preterm infants born with intrauterine growth restriction are of higher vulnerability than appropriate for gestational age preterm infants with lower FA, higher ADC and lower structural volumes. Further research is required to fully explore asymmetries in the preterm and IUGR brain and should look at administering levothyroxine to infants with low levels of thyroxine in their blood.

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7

Horne, Pamela. "The effects of glucose on the memory and attention of newborn human infants /." Thesis, McGill University, 1999. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=30668.

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The objective of this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was to determine whether glucose enhanced memory for a repeated auditory stimulus in human newborns. Infants consumed water or glucose (2-g/kg) solution. Memory test phases were: Orientation (turning towards the stimulus); Habituation (not turning towards), indicating familiarity; Delay (100 seconds); Spontaneous Recovery (stimulus representation: not turning towards indicates remembering, while turning towards indicates forgetting), and Novelty (turning towards a different word confirms wakefulness). Decreased head-turning towards during Spontaneous Recovery indicates enhanced memory. Blood glucose levels were measured after testing.
"Glucose" infants had higher blood glucose levels than "water" infants (p < 0.001). "Glucose" infants had significantly decreased turns towards during Spontaneous Recovery compared to "water" infants (p = 0.008), indicating memory enhancement.
Therefore, glucose specifically enhances memory for a repeated auditory stimulus in newborn humans. Elevating blood glucose levels by approximately 2 mmol/L appears to be sufficient for memory enhancement in healthy newborns.

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8

Herbst, Andreas. "Acidemia at birth risk factors, diagnosis and prognosis, with special reference to maternal fever in labour /." Lund : Dept. of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Lund, 1997. http://books.google.com/books?id=dF9rAAAAMAAJ.

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9

Marshall, Timothy R. "Holding and rocking the full-term neonate: the immediate and residual effects on behavioral state and heart rate." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/54237.

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This study explored infants' immediate and residual responses to holding and rocking, and how these responses relate to previously proposed mechanisms to explain long term benefits found when infants are repeatedly exposed to tactile and vestibular stimulation. This form of stimulation has been proposed to increase infants' ability to control and organize l) their behavioral state, 2) their arousal and autonomic functioning, or 3) that there is no clear relationship between immediate responses and long term benefits. Behavioral state and heart rate were collected on 40 infants who were randomly assigned to either a control group where infants were briefly repositioned twice but otherwise lay undisturbed for 90 minutes or an experimental group where infants were held and rocked for 30 minutes during the middle of a 90-minute observation. Results of analyses showed that, when infants were held and rocked they 1) displayed a lower Heart Rate Mean and Standard Deviation, 2) displayed a lower Mean Heart Rate During Active Sleep, 3) spent less time in a FussCry State, 3) were less likely to cry continuously, and 4) displayed nominally Smoother State Transitions and greater Stability Within States. Following the cessation of the rocking stimulus infants in the Experimental Group l) displayed a lower Mean Heart Rate, 2) displayed a lower Mean Heart Rate while in a Quiet Alert State, 3) were more likely to spend some time in a Quiet Sleep State, and 4) were less likely to cry continuously. In addition, all infants displayed Smoother State Transitions and greater Stability Within States during the first 30 minutes than during the final 30 minutes of the observation. Finally, across the 90-minute observation, the infants who were not rocked spent progressively more time in a Quiet Alert State, whereas infants who were rocked spent less time in a Quiet Alert State. The results were the most consistent with the hypothesis that the mechanism leading to both the immediate and residual effects of the stimulation was an increase in control and organization of infants’ arousal and autonomic functioning.
Ph. D.

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10

Samson, Gregory Raymond. "An immune study of newborn infants with congenital syphilis." Thesis, University of Cape Town, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/26182.

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11

Au, Man-tak, and 區萬德. "A study on the growth profile and factors affecting the rate of growthof new born babies in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1991. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3197644X.

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12

de, la Cruz-Schmedel Dorothy. "Neonate psychophysiological responses to ambient features of the neonatal intensive care unit." Scholarly Commons, 1989. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/549.

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Hospital treatment environments have become a major concern in recent years. Noise and illumination are potential stress sources in hospitals. The purpose ofthis study was to examine the effects of hospital noise levels and ambient illumination on newborn infants (neonates). Noise levels and lighting were varied and the effect upon neonatal heart rate, respiration rate, blood pressure, and oxygen consumption were measured. These measures are sensitive tosympathetic nervous system reactivity such as that brought about by stressful environments. In addition, noise and lighting levels were measured to determine if differences existed across conditions. Psychophysiological responses to various noise and lighting levels varied within and across neonates with some changes in the expected direction. Some unexpected results of Quiet Time were noted among neonatal intensive care staff and hospital personnel.

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13

Grunau, Ruth Veronica Elizabeth. "Cry and facial behavior during induced pain in neonates." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/25808.

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Pain behavior of neonates was compared across sleep/waking states and sex. From Gate-Control Theory (Melzack and Wall, 1982) it was hypothesized that pain behavior would vary depending on the ongoing functional state of the infant, in contrast with Specificity Theory (Mountcastle, 1980), from which one would expect neonatal pain expression to be solely a function of degree of tissue damage. The findings of facial action variation across sleep/waking state was interpreted as consistent with Gate-Control Theory. Awake alert infants responded with the most facial activity, which supported Brazelton's (1973) view that infants in this state are most receptive to environmental stimulation. Fundamental frequency of cry was not related to sleep/waking state. This suggested that findings from the cry literature on pain cry as a reflection of nervous system "stress", in unwell newborns, do not generalize directly to healthy infants under varying degrees of stress as a function of state. Sex differences were apparent in speed of response, with boys showing shorter time to cry and facial action following heel-lance. Issues raised by the study include the importance of using measurement techniques which are independent of pre-conceived categories of affective response, and the surprising degree of responsivity of the neonate to ongoing events. Exploratory analyses suggested obstetric factors were related to overall facial action. Caution was expressed in this interpretation due to the great complexity of the inter-relationships of medical, physiological and maternal variables which go far beyond the scope of this study. It was concluded that obstetric features such as mode of delivery should be considered in sample selection for neonatal pain studies, in contrast to current practise which has been to assume healthy newborns form an homogeneous population. It was clear from these findings that the issues are multifaceted, and the optimal way to proceed with research in the area of neonatal pain is with an interdisciplinary team format.
Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies
Graduate

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14

Diesel, Holly Johanna. "Soothability and growth in preterm neonates." Diss., St. Louis, Mo. : University of Missouri--St. Louis, 2009. http://etd.umsl.edu/r4401.

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15

Langdon, Matthew D. "Antioxidant properties of milk from mothers of pre-term and full-term infants compared to infant formula." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0016/MQ55516.pdf.

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16

Huntington, Lee. "The relation of spontaneous startles to cardiac and respiratory activity in newborn infants." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/53880.

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Previous studies have reported that spontaneous startles occur most frequently in the quiet sleep states, and have posited an energy release model in which spontaneous startles occur to release energy which would otherwise wake the infant. An alternative suggestion is that startles serve a homeostatic function by increasing the activity of the infant during periods of low arousal. The purpose of the current study was to examine the function of spontaneous startles using the ongoing cardiac and respiratory activity as indices of arousal. Twenty-six newborn infants were assigned to two groups. The first group was exposed to auditory stimulation which previously had been shown to decrease heart rate and respiratory rate for the first half of the one hour observation period. To the extent that spontaneous startles are related to periods of low arousal, decreasing the ongoing activity via the auditory intervention was expected to increase the rate of startles. The second group received no auditory stimulation. The occurrence of spontaneous startles was preceded by periods of lower than average heart rate and decreasing respiratory rate. Startles were followed by periods of increasing heart rate and further decreasing respiratory rate. In addition, the auditory intervention group reliably showed both a lower heart rate and an increased number of startles while exposed to the auditory stimulation, while the nonintervention group showed comparable rates of startles and heart rates in both halves of the observation period. Further, regardless of group status, most infants had their higher rate of startles in the period in which they had their lower heart rate. Finding lower heart rate and decreasing respiratory rate preceding startles, and lower heart rate and increased number of startles when exposed to the auditory stimulation, suggests that spontaneous startles modulate periods of low arousal in newborn infants.
Ph. D.

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17

Swanepoel, Daniël Christiaan De Wet. "Infant hearing screening at maternal and child health clinics in a developing South African community." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2004. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-08242005-093303.

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18

Buchanan, Donna Lynn 1952. "SUCTION CATHETER PLACEMENT IN THE NEONATE DURING ENDOTRACHEAL SUCTION USING THREE HEAD POSITIONS (BRONCHIAL, CANNULATION, PULMONARY TOILET)." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/275533.

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19

Matthewson, Beryl Ellen. "Digoxin-like immunoreactive substances in the neonate." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28022.

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Digoxin, a steroidal glycoside that inhibits Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase, is the most commonly prescribed cardiac medication in North America. Blood levels of this drug are routinely measured to reduce the risks of toxicity. Reports questioning the specificity of antisera used in radioimmunoassays for serum digoxin measurements began to appear after 1975¹ when plasma from patients with renal failure, not on glycoside therapy, showed false-positive digoxin levels. Since then, digoxin-like immunoreactive substances (DLIS) have been found in sera from patients with hepatic failure, hypertension, pre-eclampsia, in amniotic fluid and cord blood. Some of the highest values for DLIS have been detected in premature infants, where levels have often exceeded the therapeutic range (0.2-2.0 µg/L) for digoxin. Cord blood has been identified as a rich source of DLIS. Dahl et al² were the first to suggest that a circulating saluretic substance "endoxin", may cause hypertension in salt sensitive rats. Gruber et al³ reported on the existence of digoxin-like factor(s) in the plasma of volume-expanded dogs. Plasma from these dogs inhibited Na⁺/K⁺ATPase activity. A number of other studies have supported the concept that such digoxin-like factors may be of etiological significance in hypertension⁴. In view of these observations, a study was undertaken to isolate and fractionate DLIS from mixed cord blood and determine whether or not any of this digoxin-like material possessed Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase inhibitory properties. Cord blood collected in the Grace Hospital Maternity Unit (Vancouver, BC), was pooled and DLIS extracted using C₁₈,R-Sep Paks. Extracts were resolved by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) into several fractions containing digoxin equivalent immunoactivity as measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA). A number of steroids and bile acids (dehydroepi-androsterone-sulfate, cortisone, Cortisol, deoxycortisone, ∆⁴androstene-dione, progesterone and glycochenodeoxycholic acid) cross-reacted with digoxin antisera and had HPLC retention times similar to DLIS-containing fractions. The ability of HPLC generated DLIS positive cord blood fractions to inhibit Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase activity was determined in three different assay systems; red cell ⁸⁶Rb uptake canine kidney-Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase and red cell membrane-Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase. At least six fractions contained DLIS and inhibited Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase activity. Inhibition varied with the assay system used but none of the fractions inhibited ⁸⁶Rb uptake by erythocytes. One fraction (which eluted at 29 minutes) contained progesterone; 72% of the inhibitory activity present in this fraction was attributable to this steroid. Another inhibitory fraction co-eluted with dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEAS-S). The only fractions found to inhibit both the red cell membrane and canine kidney Na⁺ /K⁺-ATPase enzymes eluted at 7 and 29 minutes. In summary, a number of digoxin-like immunoreactive substances were isolated from cord blood by HPLC fractionation and found to inhibit Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase activity. Inhibition varied with the assay system used. There was no apparent correlation between inhibition and digoxin immunoreactivity. Very large quantities (500 mL) of cord blood were extracted to demonstrate these properties. It remains to be determined whether or not DLIS isolated during the perinatal period is of physiological significance.
Medicine, Faculty of
Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of
Graduate

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20

Askie, Lisa. "A randomised controlled trial of oxygen therapy on growth and development of preterm infants." Connect to full text, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/599.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Sydney, 2003.
Includes tables and questionnaires. Title from title screen (viewed Apr. 28, 2008). Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy to the Centre for Perinatal Health Services Research, School of Public Health. Includes bibliography. Also available in print form.

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21

Santos, Rosana Francisco Siqueira dos. "Ocorrencia de Enterobacter sakazakii em formulas infantis para lactentes em hospitais e maternidades da região de Campinas/SP." [s.n.], 2006. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/254599.

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Orientador: Jose Luiz Pereira, Valeria Chritina Amstalden Junqueira
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-07T20:30:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Santos_RosanaFranciscoSiqueirados_M.pdf: 1367464 bytes, checksum: 1f8a0a9b0f9ec558cd3f583d15def385 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006
Mestrado
Mestre em Ciência de Alimentos

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22

Schuetze, Pamela. "Detection by adults of differences in the duration of pauses in infant cries." Thesis, This resource online, 1993. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-11102009-020235/.

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23

Tarquinio, Nancy. "Newborn response to decreased sound pressure level." Thesis, McGill University, 1990. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=74573.

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Human newborns' response to decreased sound pressure level (SPL) was investigated with a localized headturning habituation procedure. Following criterion orientation (three headturns toward the sound out of four consecutive trials) and habituation (three consecutive trials with no headturns or headturns away from the sound), study 1 and 2 assessed newborn female infants' (M age = 41 hrs.) responses to lower-volume sounds immediately following habituation and following a 55-sec delay, respectively. Generalization of habituation to decreased volume following delay with recovery immediately following habituation was observed. Immediate recovery to decreased SPL contradicts a selective receptor adaptation view because a lower-intensity stimulus does not engage a separate set of receptor cells. It is proposed that generalization of habituation following delay involves recognition of the sound as familiar despite variations in volume.

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24

Kovács-Mazza, Jolán. "The effects of vocal music on young infants : mother tongue versus foreign language." Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=24088.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate whether young infants would differentiate sedative vocal music in their mother tongue versus sedative vocal music in a foreign language. It was hypothesized that if infants did discriminate between the two languages, they would demonstrate a preference for their mother tongue. The responses of ten one- to four-day-old full-term infants were recorded by measuring their sucking rate while presenting lullabies. The infants were randomly and evenly divided into two groups. The first group heard four presentations of the mother tongue version followed by four presentations of the foreign language version. The second group heard the foreign language version of a lullaby followed by the same lullaby sung in the infant's mother tongue. A 5-second interval of silence was spaced between lullabies. The lullaby chose was Twinkle Twinkle Little Star. It was performed by a classically trained soprano, in English, French, and Italian, and Russian. Russian was chosen as the foreign language and English, French, and Italian covered the mother tongues for all infants in the study.
Results revealed that infants were not able to detect a difference between the mother tongue version of the lullaby as opposed to the foreign language version. However, the results of the present study may be attributed to an insufficient sample size and to the ineffectiveness of the methodology employed.

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25

汪蓓麗 and Pui-lai Wong. "An evidence-based guideline of using dry care approach for umbilical cord care in newborn." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/193069.

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As a baby is born, the umbilical cord is cut and clamped, then it dries up and detaches. During the course of cord detachment and before the wound completely heals up, umbilical cord care is essential for preventing any local infection, which may lead to septicemia or infection of other organs. However, the yellowish and blood-stained discharge from the base of the cord and the appearance of the cord stump often causes anxiety among parents and make them hesitant to provide cord care. Hence, healthcare professionals are responsible for explaining the importance of proper cord care and provide consistent information on the course of cord detachment. This will decrease parental anxiety or the cord-related issues and improve compliance. Currently, different solutions are being used at different healthcare facilities. This leads to confusion among healthcare professionals and parents. Moreover, as evidenced in many studies, different solutions can affect the umbilical cord detachment time and prolongation of umbilical cord separation time, which can cause immense anxiety among the parents. Hence, a solution that is effective in reducing the umbilical cord separation time can help to alleviate parental anxiety. Dry care, such as using cold boiled water to clean the cord, is suggested to be suitable for umbilical cord care as it shortens the umbilical cord separation time compares to alcohol, which is still being used in many healthcare facilities. Therefore, this proposed innovation attempts to promote dry care as the standard umbilical cord care practice, to shorten the umbilical cord separation time, which in turn, decreases parental anxiety and the workload related to cord care for the healthcare professionals. The implementation of dry care was explored and it was found that this innovation is cost-effective and has a high transferability and feasibility in the current setting of Hong Kong Maternal and Child Health Clinics. An evidence-based practice guideline was developed and would be launched initially on a trial basis at one of the Maternal and Child Health Clinics after a well-developed communication and implementation plan is established. It is expected to take about 12 months from gaining approval, implementation of the innovation, data collection and to the last stage, program evaluation.
published_or_final_version
Nursing Studies
Master
Master of Nursing

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26

Edge, Linda Denise. "Neonaticide a cross-disciplinary approach /." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 47 p, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1597631281&sid=44&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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27

Domellöf, Erik. "Stepping, placing and headturning biases in newborn infants : A neurodevelopmental perspective." Licentiate thesis, Umeå University, Department of Psychology, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-22534.

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In the present thesis the stepping, placing and head turning responses in healthy humanfullterm newborns are investigated. The main focus is put on a study of these newbornresponses in relation to functional asymmetries, while at the same time exploring anddiscussing different factors that possibly can affect the outcome of such studies. Study I aims to examine one such factor in relation to underlying mechanisms controlling leg movements in focusing on the effects of glucose on newborn stepping and placing responses. The results revealed that glucose, as well as an inactive state, resulted in less pronounced stepping responses and difficulties in eliciting them. There was also a tendency towards a similar finding for placing in that both glucose and an inactive state were associated with a less vigorous placing response, although this could not be proved significant. However, there was no effect of glucose on expressions of laterality in either ofthe responses studied. A theoretical debate in progress concerns whether different newborn functional asymmetries can be said representing a single neural system for lateralization or multiple sub-systems rooted in different neural mechanisms (Grattan, De Vos, Levy, & McClintock, 1992). In order to look closer at this issue in relation to newborn head- and leg preferences, Study II was designed to investigate the presence of side biases in newbornstepping and placing responses (lower-body), together with head turning preference (upperbody), and whether observed lateral biases of the upper- and lower body are congruent with each other. No evident lateral bias could be found for either response in terms of the first foot moved or direction of head turning. Furthermore, asymmetries in head turning did not correspond to asymmetries in leg movements, in support for multiple sub-systemsrather than a single lateralized system. However, a lateral bias was found for onset latency in relation to the first foot moved in both stepping and placing. The findings are discussed in relation to underlying neural mechanisms for lateral biases in leg movements and the important role of a thorough methodology in investigating newborn responses.

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Stålhammar, Maria. "Neutrophil Chemotaxis and Respiratory Burst in Term and Preterm Newborn Infants." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för kvinnors och barns hälsa, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-305009.

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Neutrophil activation is the most important initial immune defense against invading microbes in newborn infants. The reduced neutrophil migration and uncontrolled regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production observed in neonates, could result in a diminished infectious response or in tissue damage. The aims were to study neutrophil chemotactic response towards IL-8 and fMLP in term neonates; to examine neutrophil receptor expression involved in adhesion, migration, phagocytosis and complement after stimulation with IL-8 and fMLP in term neonates; and to investigate neutrophil production of ROS, induced by PMA and E.coli, after preincubation with IL-8 and fMLP in term and preterm newborn infants. Comparisons were made to neutrophils from healthy adults. Chemotaxis was distinguished from randomly migrating neutrophils, and the neutrophil migration distance and the number of migrating neutrophils per distance was evaluated. Neutrophils were labeled with antibodies to cell surface antigens (CD11b, CD18, CD65, CD15S, CD162, CD44, CD35, CD88, CD181, CD182 and CD64) after stimulation with IL-8 and fMLP. After preincubation of neutrophils with fMLP or IL-8 and stimulation with PMA or E.coli, respiratory burst was detected. The same analyses were also made in preterm infants (median 25+3weeks GA; range 23+0–29+2) within 3 days postnatal age. Neutrophils from neonates exhibited different migratory and receptor responses to IL-8 and fMLP, with a diminished response towards IL-8 in term newborn infants in terms of reduced chemotaxis and modulation of receptors involved in adhesion, chemotaxis, complement and phagocytosis as compared to adults. fMLP reduced PMA- and E.coli-induced respiratory burst in neutrophils from term neonates and adults. The reduced respiratory burst by fMLP may be a mechanism for reducing the detrimental effects of uncontrolled inflammation. Although a similar burst reduction was observed in preterm infants born >25 weeks GA with fMLP, a diminished neutrophil respiratory burst modulation in very preterm infants cannot be excluded and requires further studies at different gestational and postnatal ages.

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29

Parmar, Natasha. "Apprehension of Newborn Infants by Child Protection Services: Experiences of Mothers." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/42503.

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In Ontario, 1% of women who give birth have their newborn infant apprehended by child protection agencies (~200/year). Hospital-based perinatal nurses are in a unique position to support mothers. However, there is a lack of research examining mothers’ experiences of newborn infant apprehension. The purpose of this study was to explore mothers’ experiences with nurses and other providers when newborn infant apprehension occurs. Doka’s Disenfranchised Grief Framework was used as a lens to help guide the research questions, methods and analysis. Thorne’s Interpretive Descriptive approach was employed. Mothers who had experienced newborn infant apprehension in the last 10 years were recruited from an agency in Ontario. Nine individual, semi-structured interviews were conducted. When analyzing the data, the researchers identified patterns and themes from among the mothers’ varied experiences. The analysis resulted in four themes: Not good enough, I am a mother, I have rights, I live everyday like I’m grieving, and Hope in the face of adversity. The findings illuminated the imbalance of power that mothers face when experiencing newborn infant apprehension, where power and authority rest with health and social service providers. This research study will focus on the findings describing what mothers want - for nurses to be open-minded, non-judgmental, to teach mothers regarding cycles of violence, and to advocate for mothers’ rights. Ultimately, the mothers posited that nurses are well positioned to empower mothers, thereby giving them the opportunity to begin recovery. The findings indicate a need for nurses to provide safe, compassionate, competent, ethical care and inform how perinatal nurses can better support mothers experiencing newborn infant apprehension.

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30

Valiante, A. Grace (Antonella Grace). "Acute effects of feeding on cognition in healthy well-nourished newborn infants." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=115845.

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Despite considerable evidence in older populations that food intake can improve mental performance, little is known about the acute effects of feeding on cognition in the newborn period, a time when learning and memory are critical for discovering and adapting to everyday experiences. Feeding occurs well over 2500 times in the first year of life, raising the possibility that iterative effects on cognition may have cumulative effects over time. We recently demonstrated feeding enhancement of memory in two-to-three day old infants. Infants tested after a feed (versus before) displayed better memory for unfamiliar spoken words they previously habituated to and that were represented after a 100s delay. In this Doctoral Thesis, Studies 1 and 2 explore further the influence of feeding on short-term retention of spoken words. Memory was assessed using headturning and the Habituation-Recovery response. Study 1 extended the effect to older infants aged two-to-three weeks. Memory was enhanced after a feed over even longer delays, including 100s, 200s, 300s, 400s, and 500s. The overall gain in memory as measured by prefeed and postfeed differences at each delay was over two minutes long. Because newborn infants are more likely to hear recurrent words spoken by familiar voices, auditory experiences that they preferentially recognize, Study 2 looked at the separate effects of familiarity and feeding. Two day-old infants were assessed for either familiar speech-sound ("baby" spoken by the mother) or unfamiliar speech-sound from Study 1 ("beagle" spoken by a female stranger). The baby-mother sound stimulus was remembered better over a retention interval of 85 seconds than unfamiliar beagle-stranger, suggesting a strong influence of familiarity. To define the extent of the feeding effect, Study 3 examined sensorimotor processing of a reflex response. Three day-olds were assessed on habituation and retention of habituation of the glabella blink reflex over delays of 8s and l8s. No effect of feeding was found. Taken together, the implications of these findings are twofold. First, enhancement of memory for speech-sound by iterative feeding or recurrent exposure to familiar speech-sound stimuli may facilitate the acquisition of language. Second, feeding effects on cognition may depend on the nature of the task and previous experience with the stimulus. Further research is necessary for identifying what kinds of information and what processing abilities are more susceptible to the effects of feeding in early infancy.

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31

Domellöf, Erik. "Stepping, placing, and head turning biases in newborn infants : a neurodevelopmental perspective." Umeå: Institutionen för psykologi, Umeå universitet, 2004. http://www.psy.umu.se/forskning/rapporter/.

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32

Gaillard, Erol Attila. "The proximal airway ion transport phenotype in newborn term and preterm infants." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.425706.

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Saarenmaa, Elina. "Analgesia for newborn infants during mechanical ventilation : a clinical and pharmacokinetic study." Helsinki : University of Helsinki, 2001. http://ethesis.helsinki.fi/julkaisut/laa/kliin/vk/saarenmaa/.

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Chung, Yee-har Ida. "An exploratory study of marital adjustment of mothers with a first born child /." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1992. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13418075.

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35

Chiu, Hoi-kan April, and 趙凱勤. "Racial, gender and ear factors in neonatal transient evoked otoacoustic emission screening." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B30470985.

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Tang, Mei-po, and 鄧美寶. "Weight gain and methods of feeding: a retrospective cohort study of the Hong Kong Chinese infants." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31972214.

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Manahan, Mindy Lawree. "The Effects of Therapeutic Touch on Pain Responses in Infants Receiving Immunizations." University of Toledo Health Science Campus / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=mco1123165800.

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Ku, Jack Jek Kee. "High frequency (1000 Hz) tympanometry findings in newborn versus 3-week-old infants /." St. Lucia, Qld, 2003. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe17884.pdf.

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Horne, Pamela. "The effects of glucose on the memory and attention of newborn human infants." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0033/MQ64372.pdf.

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Finnemore, Anna. "Quantitative assessment and functional correlates of cardiac mechanics and energetics in newborn infants." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/25281.

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Introduction: As preterm birth and survival rates continue to rise, circulatory failure remains a leading cause of mortality and morbidity. Structural and functional variations in circulatory physiology within the preterm population have been described, secondary to pre and post natal factors. This study applied magnetic resonance imaging techniques to assess cardiac function; analysed suitable techniques for indexing functional parameters by body size and applied a novel method of body composition quantification to investigate the impact of varying growth patterns on cardiac measures. Methods: Steady state free precession MRI imaging was used to analyse cardiac function in 78 preterm neonates. Analysis techniques were validated by comparison to phase contrast measures in 40 infants. Current methods of indexing for body size were compared. A modified DIXON whole body MRI scan utilising chemical shift was validated in phantoms and in vivo and successfully applied to 20 infants to assess adipose tissue content. Results: Validation of acquisition and analysis techniques demonstrated an acceptable level of accuracy. Functional measures indexed by body weight generally decreased with increasing corrected gestational age but patterns were altered when indexed by body surface area. Allometric transformation did not significantly improve correlation between size and function. Full body MDIXON scans demonstrated variations in body fat percentage of between 15 and 25%. Indexing cardiac function by lean body mass gave differing trends to total weight. Conclusions: Analysis of cardiac function in preterm neonates using MRI can be used to describe normative ranges and causes of variation for functional parameters. However, until an appropriate indexing technique for body size can be determined, the impact of pre and post natal factors cannot be fully understood. Analysis of body composition using MRI imaging may present a new indexing technique and allow us to investigate the effects of different growth patterns on cardiac function.

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Korngold, Caleb Bosler. "Febrile Infants and Common Respiratory Viruses: Epidemiology and Clinical Implications." Yale University, 2009. http://ymtdl.med.yale.edu/theses/available/etd-03062009-075645/.

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Fever in infants younger than 2 months of age causes a significant number of emergency department visits and is particularly worrisome because of the potential for serious infection. Management of febrile infants is problematic because clinical observation is not a reliable indicator of serious bacterial illness (SBI), such as bacteremia, meningitis, and urinary tract infection (UTI). Numerous investigators have proposed methods of screening laboratory tests to ascertain the risk of SBI in febrile infants. These screening tests could potentially avoid the invasive and costly sepsis work-up, which usually includes complete blood count (CBC), blood culture, urinalysis, urine culture, and lumbar puncture. We conducted a prospective, cross-sectional study that examined the prevalence of rhinovirus (RV) and coronavirus (CoV), which are two of the most common causes of upper respiratory infections in the first year of life, and human metapneumovirus (hMPV), which is a common cause of bronchiolitis, in infants younger than 2 months of age. This study also examined whether febrile infants with RV were more or less likely to also have a SBI than infants without a viral respiratory infection. Methodology: Fever was defined as rectal temperatures greater than 37.9C or a historical fever greater than 100.3F. Nasal swabs were tested with reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rt-PCR) techniques for rhinoviruses (RV), human metapneumovirus (hMPV) and coronaviruses (CoV). Nasal samples were also tested for RSV, influenza A and B, parainfluenza types 1, 2 and 3, and adenovirus via direct fluorescent antibody (DFA). Conclusion: Rhinovirus (RV) was the most commonly detected respiratory viral pathogen in our cohort (14% out of 98 total enrolled patients). Coronovirus (CoV) and human metapneumovirus (hMPV) were both detected but in only one patient (1%) each. RV occurred predominantly in the summer (79%). This cohort of patients showed no difference between the incidence of serious bacterial illness (SBI) with and without RV infection (p=0.84).

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Li, Shui-fun. "Otoacoustic emissions in universal neonatal hearing screening efficacy of a combined stimuli protocol /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2004. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31046083.

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Rogers, Jacquelyn A. "Multiparous perceptions of full term and preterm neonates." Virtual Press, 1990. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/722790.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate whether multiparous mothers of full term infants perceived newborns differently than multiparous mothers of premature infants. A convenience sample of 32 multiparous mothers was selected and placed into one of two groups according to the gestational age. Group 1 was comprised of 25 full term mothers and Group 2 was comprised of 7 preterm mothers.The Neonatal Perception Inventory - I was utilized to elicit mother's perceptions of the newborn. The instrument was found to be valid and reliable for use with multiparas. Demographic data was gathered on age, educational level, number of previous pregnancies and the classification of a high-risk pregnancy.Differences between the two groups were analyzed utilizing a ttest and Analysis of Covariance. The study's results indicated that there is no significant difference between neonatal perceptions of multiparous mothers of full term infants and multiparous mothers of premature infants.
School of Nursing

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44

Davies, John. "Posttraumatic stress symptoms following childbirth and the early mother-infant relationship : an exploratory study of mother's perceptions of their newborn infants." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.421024.

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O'Brien, Shannon. "The psychological impact of Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) : a review of the literature." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50173.

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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2004.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: his review examines the literature on the psychological impact of Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) on the mother, infant, support personnel and other caretakers. The paper summarizes the findings of the KMC research and considers the implications of it in light of high numbers of premature and low birth weight infants in South Africa. The review briefly considers theories of bonding and attachment adopted in the research and theories on why KMC is effective. The psychological impact of one component of KMC, Skin-to-Skin Care (SSC), used primarily in developed countries to supplement traditional care, has been extensively researched. In contrast, much less research has explored the psychological impact of full KMC programmes in developing countries. Our understanding of the psychological impact of KMC therefore relies predominantly on research from a very different context to the one in which KMC is used. As SSC has been utilised very differently to KMC and in first world settings, it cannot offer mothers or their family reliable information on the psychological demands and benefits ofKMC. Findings: Although KMC appears to offer invaluable physiological benefits and assists in 'humanising' neonatal care in important ways, there is currently very little published research on the short or long-term psychological impact of KMC on the mother, infant, support personnel and other caretakers. On the whole, research findings on the psychological impact of KMC were not conclusive but indicate some positive outcomes for increased maternal sensitivity and confidence, developmental benefits for the infant and an improvement in the clarity of infants' cues and communication with caregiver. Findings on the psychological impact of KMC for support personnel and other caretakers such as the family of the infant are also not conclusive and indicate that more research is necessary. Further research is required regarding cross-cultural experiences of KMC; maternal experiences of depression, anxiety and ambivalence; long-term developmental and attachment outcomes for the infant and the possible preventative value of KMC for maternal and infant mental health.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie hersiening ondersoek die literatuur aangaande die sielkundige uitwerking van Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) op die ma, suigeling, ondersteunende personeel en ander opsigters. Die artikel is 'n opsomming van die uitspraak van KMC navorsing en oorweeg die gevolgtrekkings daarvan ten opsigte van die hoe getal vroeggebore en lae ligaamsgewig van suigelinge wat in Suid-Afrika gebore is. Die hersiening kyk kortliks na die teorie verbonde aan die binding en gehegtheid van die navorsing en teorie oor hoekom KMC doeltreffend is. Die sielkundige uitwerking van een onderdeel van KMC, Skin-to-Skin Care (SSC), wat meestal in gevorderde lande gebruik word om tradisionele versorg te verryk, is deeglik ondersoek. Inteendeel is ver minder navorsing op die sielkundige uitwerking van volle KMC programme in ontwikellende lande gedoen. Dus is ons begrip van die sielkundige uitwerking van KMC afhanklik op navorsing vanuit 'n ander konteks as die een waarin die eintlik gebruik is. SSC word baie anders benut as KMC, en in eerstewereldkontekste kan dit dus nie veel betroubare inligting op die sielkundige vereistes en voordele van KMC verskaf nie. Bevindings: Al kom dit voor dat KMC waardevolle sielkundige voordele verskaf en help in geboorte nasorg op belangrike maniere, is daar huidiglik baie min navorsing op druk oor die kort- of die langtermyn sielkundige uitwerking van KMC op die ma, suigeling, ondersteunende personeel en ander oppassers. In die algemeen, is die bevindings van navorsing oor die sielkundige uitwerking van KMC nie volkome nie, maar dui positiewe uitslae aan op verhoogde moederlike gevoelens en selfvertroue. Navorsing dui ook ontwikkelingsvoordele vir die suigeling, asook die bevordering van die duidelikheid van sy kommunikasie met die oppasser. Bevindings op die sielkundige uitwerking van KMC op die ondersteunende personeel en ander oppassers, byvoorbeeld familielede van die suigeling, is ook nie volkome nie, en dui die nodigheid van verdere navorsing aan. Verdere navorsing oor die kruiskulturele ervaring van KMC, moederlike ondervinding van moedeloosheid, angs en dubbelsinnigheid is benodig. Langtermyn ontwikkeling en gehegtigheidsake vir die suigeling en die moontlike voorkomende waarde van KMC vir moederlike en suigeling se geestelike gesondheid is ook wel benodig.

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Alasmi, Mahmood Mohamed. "EFFECTS OF CHOLESTEROL SUPPLEMENTATION ON CHOLESTEROL SYNTHESIS RATES IN INFANTS." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2000. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin974741712.

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47

Boyd, Christopher M. "The behavioral effects of nonnutritive sucking on infants of differential fetal growth." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/44702.

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Newborn infants with differential patterns of fetal growth, as determined by their weight-for-length, typically display behaviors which have been conceptualized as reflecting the integrity of the infant's behavioral organization. The newborn infant's sucking is one behavior that has been hypothesized to both reflect the effects of previous experiences on behavioral organization and affect the infant's future behavioral development. In particular, the infant's pattern of sucking activity may not only reflect the integrity of the infant's nervous system, it may also alter the temporal organization of the infant's behavioral state and motor activity by increasing behavioral quiescence. The purpose of this study was to compare the sucking activity of underweight-for-length (N = 30) and averageâ weightâ forâ length (N = 30) infants and its effects on behavioral state and motor activity. Fifteen low-PI and 15 averageâ PI infants were randomly assigned to each of two experimental conditions.

Master of Science

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48

Kusak, Kimberly Larsen. "An evidence-based approach to managing neonatal abstinence syndrome." Thesis, Montana State University, 2008. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2008/kusak/KusakK0808.pdf.

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Neonates born to mothers addicted to opiates may develop neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS). An infant exposed to opiates in-utero causes the neonate to withdraw from the substance after birth. Neonates with NAS are at risk for adverse outcomes including seizures and death along with many adverse symptoms related to neurological excitability and gastrointestinal dysfunction as described by the American Academy of Pediatrics (1998). As mentioned by Hunt et al. (2008), neonates exposed to opiates are at higher risk for prematurity, low birth weight and adverse neurodevelopment. These risk factors are directly related to increased death and adverse outcomes for this population. Variability exists regarding the treatment of NAS. The project intention is to propose an evidence-based practice recommendation for the treatment of neonates with NAS, thus providing consistency in care. A thorough literature search was done using several search engines including Medline, Pubmed, Cochran Library, CINAHL, National Guidelines Clearinghouse, Medline via First Search, and individual journal searches. The evidence was compiled and reviewed for strong research technique including type of randomization, inclusion and exclusion criteria, population representation, bias, confounding variables, and loss to follow-up. Protocol recommendations include evidence based recommendations for the care of NAS including medication treatment protocols. The protocol\'s focus is on increased positive patient outcomes and safety. Specifically, the goal is to avoid adverse outcomes such as seizures and death along with decreased duration of treatment, hospital stay, and nursing care. Overall, the practice recommendations raise multidisciplinary team awareness, increases care consistency, and provides a method for early intervention.

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Vora, Aditya. "Long-term effects of neonatal pain on adulthood stress behavior and neuroendocrinology." Diss., Connect to the thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10066/1329.

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Chong, Siu-yung, and 莊少容. "Evaluation of Apgar score as an intermediate assessment of the risk ofearly mortality." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B30273195.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Infants Newborn infants'

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