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Journal articles on the topic 'Infants (Newborn)'
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1
Lis-Kuberka, Jolanta, and Magdalena Orczyk-Pawiłowicz. "Sialylated Oligosaccharides and Glycoconjugates of Human Milk. The Impact on Infant and Newborn Protection, Development and Well-Being." Nutrients 11, no. 2 (February 1, 2019): 306. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11020306.
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Human milk not only has nutritional value, but also provides a wide range of biologically active molecules, which are adapted to meet the needs of newborns and infants. Mother’s milk is a source of sialylated oligosaccharides and glycans that are attached to proteins and lipids, whose concentrations and composition are unique. Sialylated human milk glycoconjugates and oligosaccharides enrich the newborn immature immune system and are crucial for their proper development and well-being. Some of the milk sialylated oligosaccharide structures can locally exert biologically active effects in the newborn’s and infant’s gut. Sialylated molecules of human milk can be recognized and bound by sialic acid-dependent pathogens and inhibit their adhesion to the epithelial cells of newborns and infants. A small amount of intact sialylated oligosaccharides can be absorbed from the intestine and remain in the newborn’s circulation in concentrations high enough to modulate the immunological system at the cellular level and facilitate proper brain development during infancy. Conclusion: The review summarizes the current state of knowledge on sialylated human milk oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates, discusses the significance of sialylated structures of human milk in newborn protection and development, and presents the advantages of human milk over infant formula.
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Purdy, Isabell. "Newborn Auditory Follow-Up." Neonatal Network 19, no. 2 (March 2000): 25–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0730-0832.19.2.25.
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Because hearing is a key component in the infant’s development of speech, language, and cognition, early detection of infant hearing loss is critically important. The routine evaluation of hearing should include the identification of parental concerns regarding infant hearing as well as the assessment and diagnosis of infants with potential hearing impairment. Identification of hearing loss should be followed by early interventions to prevent developmental delays. This article promotes universal screening of newborn hearing. The article also provides a review of the embryogenesis of hearing and includes a breakdown of risks for hearing loss, recommendations for auditory testing, and suggestions for follow-up, early intervention, and support for families of infants with hearing impairment.
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Windarti, Siti Wahyu, and Ahmad Suryawan. "Effectiveness of The Newborn Behavioral Observation (NBO) System in Improving Mother and Infant Interaction." Folia Medica Indonesiana 57, no. 2 (June 1, 2021): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/fmi.v57i2.21558.
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The interaction of mother and infant is a fundamental basis for the development of the infant. It can also determine the success of the baby in the future. About 4 out of 10 infants experience problems interacting with their parents. The NBO system was created to sensitize parents on their infant’s competencies to help them understand their infant’s behavior, and promote positive interactions between parents and their new infant. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the NBO system to improve mother-infant interactions and find out the mothers’ knowledge about their infant’s behavior when participating in this observation. This study was a cross-sectional study consisting of all the newborns and their mothers admitted to the Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital Surabaya from May 2019 to January 2020 who met the inclusion criteria. Mothers and infants participated in the NBO within 1-3 days after delivering their infants and one month postpartum for the second NBO. The NBO was carried out with 35 mothers and infants. The mothers’ age was on average 28.5±5.98 years old, multiparous mothers accounted for 71.4%, most infants were male (65.7%), the median gestational age was 38 weeks with the median birth weight 2900 grams. The median score of mothers’ knowledge about their infants before the NBO session was 2 (1-6). After the session, these median scores increased to 7 (5–10) significantly (p<0.001). The NBO system was significant to strengthen mother-infant interaction and increased the mothers’ knowledge about their infants’ behavior.
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DuPont, Herbert, and Madeleine Salge. "The Importance of a Healthy Microbiome in Pregnancy and Infancy and Microbiota Treatment to Reverse Dysbiosis for Improved Health." Antibiotics 12, no. 11 (November 11, 2023): 1617. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12111617.
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Background: The microbiome of newborn infants during the first 1000 days, influenced early on by their mothers’ microbiome health, mode of delivery and breast feeding, orchestrates the education and programming of the infant’s immune system and determines in large part the general health of the infant for years. Methods: PubMed was reviewed for maternal infant microbiome health and microbiota therapy in this setting with prebiotics, probiotics, vaginal seeding and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). Results: A healthy nonobese mother, vaginal delivery and strict breast feeding contribute to microbiome health in a newborn and young infant. With reduced microbiome diversity (dysbiosis) during pregnancy, cesarean delivery, prematurity, and formula feeding contribute to dysbiosis in the newborn. Microbiota therapy is an important approach to repair dysbiosis in pregnant women and their infants. Currently available probiotics can have favorable metabolic effects on mothers and infants, but these effects are variable. In research settings, reversal of infant dysbiosis can be achieved via vaginal seeding or FMT. Next generation probiotics in development should replace current probiotics and FMT. Conclusions: The most critical phase of human microbiome development is in the first 2–3 years of life. Preventing and treating dysbiosis during pregnancy and early life can have a profound effect on an infant’s later health.
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Lobo, Renilda Shanthi, Theresa Leonilda Mendonca, and Seema S. Chavan. "Maternal directed interventions of preterm newborn on strengthening mother- newborn interaction in NICU: A systematic review." IP Journal of Paediatrics and Nursing Science 6, no. 4 (December 15, 2023): 130–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijpns.2023.023.
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The main factor contributing to neonatal fatalities globally is preterm birth Maternal participation in the care of preemies in the NICU can be challenging for mothers to strengthen the bond between them. The objective of the literature review was to appraise the effectiveness of maternal-directed interventions of preterm newborns on strengthening mother-newborn interaction in NICU, identify which tools are most frequently used, and report on outcomes of strengthening mother-newborn interaction in NICU.We conducted a PRISMA-compliant Meticulous search for articles indexed in the databasesPubMed, Psyc INFO, Web of Science, and CINAHL using disparate combinations of keywords comprising “maternal directed interventions’’ AND “preterm newborn’’ OR “strengthening’’ AND “mother- newborn interaction” were used to review in the databases. Five empirical studies were identified, massage including Auditory, Tactile, Visual, and Vestibular was linked to a faster symptom reduction of depression, ATVV have significant implications for mom and their premature babies, especially during the initial six months of life. At day 14 (=45.66, p<0.01), there were noticeable differences between groups as the suction pressure rose linearly over time. The mean weight, height, and head circumference of preterm babies who received the 2-week massage intervention were higher (F=41.151, 6.621, and 24.158, respectively; p<0.001). Breastfeeding habits among mothers of preterm infants are improved by the kangaroo mother's nursing on the infant's growth, neurological development, and reduction of morbidities related to preterm infants. Maternal interventions support infants from birth through early life to improve infant health, develop newly acquired abilities, reduce developmental issues, promote adaptive parenting and strengthen the mother-newborn bond.
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V R Selvaambigai. "A Study to Assess the Impact of Pathological Jaundice on Development during Early Childhood at Selected Hospitals, Puducherry, India." International Journal of Nursing Care 7, no. 1 (January 21, 2019): 93–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.37506/ijonc.v7i1.7667.
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Infants are important vulnerable groups in the segment of population and they are the determinants of health of nation. The future of the country depends on the care given to children. Jaundice is considered pathologic if it presents within the first 24 hours after birth, the total serum bilirubin level rises by more than 5 mg per dL (86 mol per L) per day or is higher than 17 mg per dL (290 mol per L), or an infant has signs and symptoms suggestive of serious illness. The present study aimed to assess the development among infants affected with pathological jaundice at selected hospital in puducherry. A descriptive research design was used and the study was carried out, 300 infants affected with pathological jaundice during newborn life were selected as the study sample using convenient sampling technique. The tools used for the data collection included newborn assessment tool, ages and stages questionnaire. Ages and stages questionnaire is a standardized questionnaire used worldwide to assess the development of children at all level of ages. Newborns with pathological jaundice were assessed for their growth. The newborns were followed during their regular visit to well-baby clinic, there development were assessed at 1 months (early infancy )and again at 12 months(late infancy) .On association between the early and late infants development, it was found that there was improvement in development between them which stated that there was impact of pathological jaundice on the development during early infancy whereas during late infancy they caught with the normal development showing improvement in overall domains. As per the statistical result, the calculated chisquare value was significant at 0.01 level (p<0.001).
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MERCHANT, NAZAKAT, and DENIS AZZOPARDI. "HYPOXIC ISCHAEMIC ENCEPHALOPATHY IN NEWBORN INFANTS." Fetal and Maternal Medicine Review 21, no. 3 (May 19, 2010): 242–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0965539510000069.
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Neonatal encephalopathy has been defined as “a clinically defined syndrome of disturbed neurological function in the earliest days of life in the term infant, manifested by difficulty with initiating and maintaining respiration, depression of tone and reflexes, sub normal level of consciousness and often seizures”. It occurs in about 2–3 per 1000 births in developed countries. In developing countries, neonatal encephalopathy accounts for the largest number of deaths in infancy and childhood – approximately 1 million per year worldwide. Neonatal encephalopathy is associated with significant morbidity and mortality and is an important predictor of long term neurodevelopmental disability in near- and full-term newborn infants. Fifteen to 20 percent of infants with neonatal encephalopathy die in the neonatal period, and a further 25 percent have permanent neurologic deficits.
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Blaga, Ligia, Camelia Vidra, Gabriela Abrudan, Adriana Ciubotariu, Mircea Margescu, Alina Grama, and Tudor Lucian Pop. "Risk factors for neonatal cholestasis in small gestational age infants: case report and literature review." Newborn Reviews & Research 2, no. 1 (March 31, 2024): 21–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.37897/newborn.2024.1.4.
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Cholestatic jaundice, defined as conjugated bilirubin levels higher than 1 mg/dl, is a bile formation and excretion disturbance. Its incidence is estimated at 1 case in 2500 live births, being 100-200 times higher in preterm infants less than 28 weeks gestational age. It occurs in biliary atresia, infectious diseases, endocrine and inherited metabolic diseases, Alagille Syndrome, preterm and intrauterine growth-restricted newborns, lack of enteral feeding, and is more frequent in male gender. It is a frequent complication of parenteral nutrition. In preterm and small for gestational age (SGA) infants, the etiology of cholestasis is multifactorial. Early diagnosis enables early therapeutic intervention. We report the case of an SGA male preterm infant. He was born by C-section for fetal distress at 30 weeks gestational age with an 800 g birth weight. He developed mild respiratory distress, hypoglycemia, meconium ileus, and early cholestasis. Complex hematological, serological, and immunological tests were carried out; ultrasound evaluations were performed. The final diagnosis was cholestasis of multifactorial etiology in a preterm infant with severe intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). Treatment with ursodeoxycholic acid was started. Three months later, the transaminases, bilirubin, gammaglutamyl transferase (GGT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) triglycerides returned to normal. Conclusion. Cholestasis in SGA infants is a severe condition potentially associated with life-threatening complications, requiring complex diagnostic evaluation.
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Walsh, Heidi A. "Newborn Male Circumcision." Narrative Inquiry in Bioethics 13, no. 2 (June 2023): 65–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/nib.2023.a909656.
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Abstract: This symposium includes twelve personal narratives from parents about making the decision whether to circumcise their infant male children. The authors of the narratives include five fathers and seven mothers. Nine of the 12 parent authors opted to circumcise their infant sons, though the reasons they stated for doing so varied. Most of the parent authors relied on cultural or social beliefs, religious guidance, or a desire for sameness with the infant's father. Parents who didn't circumcise their male infants discuss their convictions about autonomy, bodily rights, and the medical benefits of circumcision versus the harm or pain caused by the procedure. The symposium includes four expert commentaries on the narratives that are informed and enriched by the commentators' expertise in pediatric bioethics, healthcare ethics, gender studies, Jewish law and tradition, and the medical and surgical techniques of circumcision.
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Urquia, ML, TA Stukel, K. Fung, RH Glazier, and JG Ray. "Estimating gestational age at birth: a population-based derivation-validation study." Chronic Diseases and Injuries in Canada 31, no. 3 (June 2011): 103–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.24095/hpcdp.31.3.04.
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Introduction Information on newborn gestational age (GA) is essential in research on perinatal and infant health, but it is not always available from administrative databases. We developed and validated a GA prediction model for singleton births for use in epidemiological studies. Methods Derivation of estimated GA was calculated based on 130 328 newborn infants born in Ontario hospitals between 2007 and 2009, using linear regression analysis, with several infant and maternal characteristics as the predictor (independent) variables. The model was validated in a separate sample of 130 329 newborns. Results The discriminative ability of the linear model based on infant birth weight and sex was reasonably approximate for infants born before the 37th week of gestation (r2 = 0.67; 95% CI: 0.65–0.68), but not for term births (37–42 weeks; r2 = 0.12; 95% CI: 0.12–0.13). Adding other infant and maternal characteristics did not improve the model discrimination. Conclusion Newborn gestational age before 37 weeks can be reasonably approximated using locally available data on birth weight and sex.
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Bashir, Muhammad. "Risk Factors of Neonatal Sepsis in DHQ Hospital Skardu." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 17, no. 7 (July 30, 2023): 31–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs202317731.
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Background: Sepsis is a substantial cause of newborn illness and death. Few aspects of sepsis' clinical impact and risk factors are thoroughly recognized. Late-onset sepsis is linked to healthcare-associated infections and affects newborns older than seven days. Aim: To evaluate the clinical outcome and risk variables related to newborn sepsis at the DHQ hospital Skardu in Pakistan. Methods: A quantitative retrospective institution-based chart review was carried out at DHQ Hospital Skardu with a sample size n=225. Results: 164(72.9%l) of the 225 evaluated newborn charts were for newborns less than 7 days old, and 144(64%) were for males. Meconium aspiration syndrome involved forty newborns, or 17.8%, while abnormal respiratory symptoms affected twenty-nine infants or 12.9%. Among newborns diagnosed with neonatal sepsis, therapy resulted in complete recovery for 189(84%) infants, death for 9(4%) infants, and transfer of care to other hospitals for 13(5.7%) infants. Meconium aspiration syndrome and respiratory distress syndrome contributed to the poor prognosis of newborn sepsis (AOR = 0.1989 [0.059-0.664] and AOR = 0.258 [0.072-0.900], respectively). Conclusion: The clinical prognosis for newborn sepsis at DHQ hospital Skardu was worse than desirable. RDS and meconium aspiration syndrome were the most accurate indicators of a poor prognosis in newborn sepsis. It is hypothesized that improved prenatal care, early diagnosis and treatment of neonatal illnesses or abnormalities, and the provision of essential newborn care to all newborns through the end of the neonatal period will all contribute to improved neonatal outcomes. Keywords: Risk factors, treatment, Sepsis, Neonatal, DHQ hospital, Sakrdu, Pakistan
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Bernard, Nathalie, Yves Giguère, Joanie Mélançon, Réjean Tessier, George M. Tarabulsy, and Jean-Claude Forest. "Sex-specific association of high maternal psychological stress during pregnancy on newborn birthweight." PLOS ONE 17, no. 1 (January 20, 2022): e0262641. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0262641.
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Birthweight is an important predictor of newborn health and has been linked to maternal psychological stress during pregnancy. However, it is unclear whether prenatal stress affects birthweight similarly for both male and female infants. We used a well-established pregnancy cohort to investigate the impact of high maternal psychological stress during pregnancy on birthweight as a function of infant sex. Overall, 5702 mother-newborn pairs were analysed. Of these, 198 mothers reported high levels of stress using the Psychological Stress Measure (nine-items version; PSM-9). Maternal psychological stress was assessed between the 24th and 28th week of gestation and analyses were performed jointly and independently as a function of neonatal sex (separate analyses for male and female infants). Newborns exposed to high maternal psychological stress during pregnancy (a score above 26 measured using the PSM-9 questionnaire, corresponding to >97.5th percentile) were compared to newborns of mothers who reported lower stress. ANCOVAs revealed that high levels of maternal stress during pregnancy were linked to infant birthweight as a function of infant sex. Male infants of mothers who reported high levels of stress had a greater birthweight whereas female infants had a lower birthweight under the same conditions, in comparison to mothers who did not report greater levels of stress. Although the effect size is small, these results underline the possibility that male and female fetuses may use different strategies when adapting to maternal adversity and highlight the need to consider infant sex as a moderator of the association between maternal psychological stress during pregnancy and infant birthweight.
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Ross, Arthur J. "Intestinal Obstruction in the Newborn." Pediatrics In Review 15, no. 9 (September 1, 1994): 338–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/pir.15.9.338.
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Obstruction of an infant's gastrointestinal (GI) tract can occur anywhere from the esophagus to the anus. For purposes of this review, the newborn infant will be defined as an infant from birth to 30 days of age. Both congenital and acquired obstructions will be addressed. In each instance, the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical aspects, and management of the disorder will be considered. Esophageal Atresia EPIDEMIOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS Esophageal atresia, or interruption of the esophagus, generally occurs in association with a tracheoesophageal fistula (EA - TEF). The most common anatomic arrangement is a blind proximal esophageal pouch that has a distal tracheoesophageal fistula (Figure 1). This is seen in 85% to 90% of infants who have this anomaly. Seen less commonly is pure esophageal atresia that does not have a tracheoesophageal fistula and tracheoesophageal fistula that does not have an esophageal atresia (H-type tracheoesophageal fistula). These latter two conditions occur in approximately 10% of newborns who have these types of anomalies. Other anatomic arrangements, such as an esophageal atresia that has a fistula between the upper pouch and trachea or esophageal atresia that has a fistula to both pouches, are seen in only a tiny fraction of these infants. EA - TEF occurs in approximately 1 in 4000 live births.
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Pejic, Katarina, Borisav Jankovic, Zeljko Mikovic, Zorica Rakonjac, Jelena Martic, and Natasa Stajic. "Non-immune hydrops fetalis: Clinical experience in newborn infants." Medical review 64, no. 9-10 (2011): 507–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/mpns1110507p.
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Introduction. Non-immune hydrops fetalis is a condition of excessive accumulation of extravascular fluid without identifiable circulating antibody to erythrocytes membrane antigens. In newborn infants it is characterized by skin oedema and pleural, pericardial or peritoneal effusion. In the era of routine Rh immunization for the prevention of foetal erythroblastosis, non-immune pathophysiologic mechanisms are presented in 76-87% of all hydropic newborns. Non-immune hydrops fetalis can be associated with numerous and various disorders. The mortality rate may exceed 50%. This study was aimed at presenting our clinical experience in treating newborn infants with non-immune hydrops fetalis. Material and methods. A retrospective-prospective study included newborn infants with non-immune hydrops fetalis, who were treated in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of Mother and Child Health Institute of Serbia between January 1, 2001 and October 31, 2010. All valid data about aetiology, diagnosis, clinical course and outcome were recorded. Results. The diagnosis of non-immune hydrops fetalis was made in 11 newborns. The etiologic diagnosis was established in 8 patients: anaemia due to fetomaternal transfusion in 4 patients and conatal cytomegalovirus infection, intracranial haemorrhage, isolated pulmonary lymphangiectasia and diffuse skin and mediastinal lymphangiomatosis in the remaining 4 patients. Conclusion. Non-immune hydrops of newborn infant is associated with a high mortality rate and requires complex diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. An optimal management of neonates with non-immune hydrops fetalis demands a multidisciplinary approach to the treatment in a neonatal intensive care unit.
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Waites, Ken B., Dennis T. Crouse, Joseph B. Philips, Kay C. Canupp, and Gail H. Cassell. "Ureaplasmal Pneumonia and Sepsis Associated With Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of the Newborn." Pediatrics 83, no. 1 (January 1, 1989): 79–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.83.1.79.
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Ureaplasma urealyticum was isolated from the lower respiratory tract of three infants with persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn. In one, cultures positive for U urealyticum were obtained on multiple occasions from trachea, blood, and pleural fluid prior to the infant's death on postnatal day 6. Autopsy findings confirmed the presence of severe pneumonia and the organism was again recovered from multiple sites. A second infant had no apparent predisposing factors for development of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn but U urealyticum and Staphylococcus epidermidis were recovered from the trachea antemortem and from lung tissue obtained during autopsy on the 12th postnatal day. The third infant had persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn and a pulmonary infiltrate within hours after birth with tracheal cultures positive for both U urealyticum and Mycoplosma hominis. Erythromycin was given for ten days, and the infant gradually improved. Prolonged ventilation with supplemental oxygen was necessary, and chronic lung disease developed. This is the first report of neonatal ureaplasmal pneumonia with sepsis and persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn as well as the first time a microorganism other than streptococci has been specifically implicated in the pathogenesis of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn. Respiratory infections with U urealyticum or other bacteria should be considered as possible causative or contributory factors in infants with persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn.
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Beiranvand, Shourangiz, Fatemeh Valizadeh, Reza Hosseinabadi, and Yadollah Pournia. "The Effects of Skin-to-Skin Contact on Temperature and Breastfeeding Successfulness in Full-Term Newborns after Cesarean Delivery." International Journal of Pediatrics 2014 (2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/846486.
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Background. The skin-to-skin contact (SSC) of mother and newborn is uncommon full-term newborns after delivering via cesarean section due to the possibility of hypothermia in the infants. The aim of this study was to compare mothers’ and infant’s temperatures after delivering via cesarean section.Material and Methods. In this randomized clinical trial, 90 infant/mothers dyads delivered via cesarean section were randomized to SSC (n=46) and routine care (n=44). In experimental group, skin-to-skin contact was performed for one hour and in the routine group the infant was dressed and put in the cot according to hospital routine care. The newborns’ mothers’ temperatures in both groups were taken at half-hour intervals. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics,t-tests, and chi-square tests.Results. The means of the newborns’ temperatures immediately after SSC (P=0.86), half an hour (P=0.31), and one hour (P=0.52) after the intervention did not show statistically significant differences between the two groups. The mean scores of the infants’ breastfeeding assessment in SSC (8.76±3.63) and routine care (7.25±3.5) groups did not show significant differences (P=0.048).Conclusion. Mother and infant’s skin-to-skin contact is possible after delivering via cesarean section and does not increase the risk of hypothermia.
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Zakaria, Zaitun, Hans Van Rostenberghe, Noraida Ramli, Mohamad Syahrain Suhaimi, Siti Nur Haidar Hazlan, and Jafri Malin Abdullah. "The Key Aspects of Neonatal and Infant Neurological Examination: The Ballard Score, the Infant’s Head with Hydrocephalus and Assessment in a Clinical Setting." Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences 30, no. 4 (August 24, 2023): 193–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.21315/mjms2023.30.4.16.
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The physical examination of the newborn is essential in diagnosing neurological or neurosurgical conditions in the newborn. This article focuses on three clinical assessments of newborns and infants that are especially important if neurological problems are suspected: The Ballard score, the examination of the head in a baby with (suspected) hydrocephalus, and the neurological and developmental evaluation of an infant in an ambulatory setting. A textual description and a link to a video describe each assessment.
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Krüger, Esedra E., Alta AM Kritzinger, and Lidia L. Pottas. "Breastfeeding skills of full-term newborns and associated factors in a low-and-middle-income setting." African Health Sciences 19, no. 3 (November 7, 2019): 2670–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v19i3.43.
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Background: Normative information on the breastfeeding of term newborns may guide clinicians in early identification of breastfeeding difficulties and oro-pharyngeal dysphagia (OPD), and may support optimal breastfeeding practices. Objective: To describe breastfeeding skills of term newborn infants in a South African hospital, a lower-middle-income setting, and investigate associations between infants’ feeding and other factors.Method: One breastfeeding session of each of the 71 healthy newborn full-term infants (mean chronological age=1.9 days; mean gestation=39.1 weeks) was evaluated using the Preterm Infant Breastfeeding Behavior Scale (PIBBS), suitable for use with term newborns.Results: All participants were exclusively breastfed. Thirteen participants (18%) were HIV-exposed. There was no significant difference in the findings of the PIBBS between HIV-exposed and unexposed participants. Most newborns had obvious rooting, latched deeply onto the nipple and some of the areola, had repeated long sucking bursts (mean length=16.82 sucks/burst), and swallowed repeatedly. Most participants were in either the drowsy or quiet-alert state, which are optimal behavioural states for breastfeeding. One to two-hourly on-demand feeds was significantly associated with mothers who had normal births and did not use galactogogues to promote lactation.Conclusion: Results may be used for early identification of OPD in newborns. The findings may be useful to primary care clinicians.Keywords: Full-term, newborn, breastfeeding, feeding skills, feeding characteristics, normative data.
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Chasnoff, Ira J. "Newborn Infants With Drug Withdrawal Symptoms." Pediatrics In Review 9, no. 9 (March 1, 1988): 273–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/pir.9.9.273.
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The overall incidence of substance abuse is stable for all drugs except cocaine which is steadily increasing in popularity in all aspects of the population. Signs of neonatal abstinence are seen to varying degrees in infants exposed to any of the drugs of abuse. Polydrug use by pregnant women is the most common form of substance abuse, and this complicates the evaluation of the newborn infant. Infants exposed in utero to cocaine are markedly tremulous and irritable and have an increased rate of prematurity. All infants delivered to substance-abusing mothers should be considered at increased risk for sudden infant death syndrome and evaluated accordingly.
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Barbara, Janet Mann. "BEHAVIORAL DEVELOPMENT IN WILD BOTTLENOSE DOLPHIN NEWBORNS (TURSIOPS SP.)." Behaviour 136, no. 5 (1999): 529–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853999501469.
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AbstractNewborn characteristics, patterns of motoric and social behavioural development, and mother-infant relationships in free-ranging and semi-provisioned bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops sp.) are examined. Nine newborns were observed for 189 hours over the first 10 weeks of life. Newborn infants breathe more often than their mothers, and synchronize their breathing and swimming with her soon after birth, but show a gradual decline in synchrony as they age. Virtually all patterns of infant behaviour, mother-infant proximity, and spatial relationships with the mother changed as a function of infant age. Maternal activity, however, does not change over time, except that mothers decrease their role in maintaining proximity to their infants from the first month to the second month of infant life. Infants spend less time close to their mothers, less time echelon swimming (close, alongside the mother), and more time infant-position swimming (in contact under the mother) as they age. Infants spend more time traveling and socializing independently over time. They also separate from their mothers more often and for longer periods of time. Infants do not forage during the newborn period, but are observed 'practice foraging' by the end of the first month. Rubbing, petting, chasing, and displaying with other animals (including the mother) were common forms of socializing. Infants frequently initiate rubbing with their mothers, with particular focus on her head region. Infants typically associate with young females, adult females and other infants, but not with adult or subadult males. Developmental shifts and overall patterns are discussed in the context of the bottlenose dolphin's fission-fusion social organization and ecology. The effects of provisioning on dolphin behaviour are addressed.
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Oliven, Anita, Katherine C. King, and Satish C. Kalhan. "Gastrointestinal Enhanced Insulin Release in Response to Glucose in Newborn Infants." Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition 5, no. 2 (March 1986): 220–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1536-4801.1986.tb09053.x.
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Summary:The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether or not gastrointestinal (GI) enhanced insulin response occurs in newborn infants soon after birth. Glucose infusion by intravenous or orogastric routes was given to infants during the first 4 days of life, aiming at achieving similar plasma glucose concentrations. Their plasma insulin responses were then compared. Thirty term, new‐born infants (10 appropriate for gestational age, 8 small for gestational age, 6 large for gestational age, and 6 infants of diabetic mothers) were studied. With intravenous glucose infusions of 8 mg/kg/min or orogastric infusion of 16 mg/kg/min, the plasma glucose concentrations achieved were similar and approximated 110 mg/dl. Plasma insulin responses were greater in infants receiving glucose via the GI route. The finding was in contrast to our previous data, in which no GI enhancement of insulin response was demonstrated. The present data suggest that in the term newborn infant, GI enhanced insulin release occurs only when a threshold of plasma glucose concentration has been exceeded. It appears that the enteroinsular axis is functional in newborns soon after birth.
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Kaitz, M., A. M. Rokem, and A. I. Eidelman. "Infants' Face-Recognition by Primiparous and Multiparous Women." Perceptual and Motor Skills 67, no. 2 (October 1988): 495–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1988.67.2.495.
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We have compared the ability of 49 primiparous and 75 multiparous women to recognize photographs of their newborn infants. In line with previous research on infant cries, we found that multiparous women who had been with their infant 0.5 to 5.0 hr. were significantly more successful in recognizing their infants' photographs than primiparous women with comparable exposure to their newborns. For women who had not been with their infants more than 5 hr., parity was not related to recognition. We propose that the transient performance deficit of the primiparous women indicates a short-lived impairment of perceptual/cognitive skills associated with their more stressful childbearing experience.
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VandenBerg, Kathleen A., and Erin Sundseth Ross. "Individualized Developmental Care in the Neonatal Intensive Care Nursery." Perspectives on Swallowing and Swallowing Disorders (Dysphagia) 17, no. 3 (October 2008): 84–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/sasd17.3.84.
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Abstract Advances in medical care have improved the success of medical interventions in treating high-risk and premature infants, but long-term developmental outcomes are less positive. The neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) setting influences infant brain development and organization, as well as the parent-infant relationship. One advanced-practice role for a speech-language pathologist (SLP) is that of a newborn developmental specialist (NDS). The NDS working in the NICU understands the influence of medical, environmental, and caregiving interactions on the neurologic and neurobehavioral organization of the infant. The NICU setting advanced practice skills are grounded in an individualized, developmentally supportive care model, such as the Newborn Individualized Developmental Care and Assessment Program (NIDCAP). Neurodevelopmental assessment focuses on the competence of the infant. The developmental assessment and intervention strategies are individualized to support the infant's own goal strivings. In this framework, interactions with infants become modified to increase competence and organization. The SLP working in the NICU is in a unique position to facilitate communication between the infant and the parent, as well as between the infant and professional caregivers. The SLP can help the parent interpret and respond appropriately to the infant's communication by focusing on non-verbal stress and stability cues, and by planning all interactions with a goal of co-regulation. Interactions with infants and families in this Model in the NICU have beneficial lifelong implications.
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Kumar, Archit, Brahm Dutt Sharma, and Nisha K. Ojha. "Nurturing Infants Exploring Ayurveda's Holistic Approach to Care." International Research Journal of Ayurveda & Yoga 7, no. 4 (April 30, 2024): 50–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.48165/irjay.2024.70409.
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Abstract Introduction – Ayurveda encompasses a wide range of practices within pediatric care especially plays a pivotal role in nurturing infants by offering safe and effective approaches not only for disease treatment but also for maintaining overall health in this span of age. Acharyas offered their insights on all aspects of newborn and infant care, spanning from birth until the newborn's complete stability. Methods - This study was completed by gathering the knowledge from classical Ayurvedic literature, research articles, guidelines, and PubMed and MedLine databases. Results and Discussion- This study investigates traditional Ayurvedic methods for infant care placing particular attention on evaluating the safety and effectiveness of these practices within the framework of neonatal and infant healthcare upto the age of one year. Conclusion –Kaumarbhritya is seen as the first direct assistance provided by the science of Ayurveda to a newborn upon his debut in this new world, directing him towards a healthy lifestyle in the future and bringing out the finest version of himself. This paper offers an overview of the literary contributions and historical traditional medical practices of healthcare in the domain of Balachikitsa mainly of neonatal and infancy period.The goal is to underscore the significance of research grounded in evidence and its integration into hidden principles concerning neonatal and infant issues described in Ayurveda.
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Namgung, Ran, and Reginald C. Tsang. "Factors affecting newborn bone mineral content: in utero effects on newborn bone mineralization." Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 59, no. 1 (February 2000): 55–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0029665100000070.
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Several factors have been found recently to have a significant impact on newborn bone mineral content (BMC) and developing fetal bone. Recently we showed that maternal vitamin D deficiency may affect fetal bone mineralization. Korean winter-born newborn infants had extremely low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD), high serum cross-linked carboxy-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (ICTP; a bone resorption marker), and markedly lower (8 %) total body BMC than summer-born newborn infants. Infant total body BMC was positively correlated with cord serum 25-OHD and inversely correlated with ICTP, which was also negatively correlated with vitamin D status. In three separate studies on North American neonates we found markedly lower (8–12 %) BMC in summer newborn infants compared with winter newborn infants, the opposite of the findings for Korean neonates. The major reason for the conflicting BMC results might be the markedly different maternal vitamin D status of the North American and Korean subjects. Recently, we found evidence of decreased bone formation rates in infants who were small-for-gestational age (SGA) compared with infants who were appropriate-for-gestational age; we reported reduced BMC, cord serum osteocalcin (a marker of bone formation) and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (the active metabolite of vitamin D), but no alterations in indices of fetal bone collagen metabolism. In theory, reduced utero-placental blood flow in SGA infants may result in reduced transplacental mineral supply and reduced fetal bone formation. Infants of diabetic mothers (IDM) have low BMC at birth, and infant BMC correlated inversely with poor control of diabetes in the mother, specifically first trimester maternal mean capillary blood glucose concentration, implying that factors early in pregnancy might have an effect on fetal BMC. The low BMC in IDM may be related to the decreased transplacental mineral transfer. Cord serum ICTP concentrations were higher in IDM than in control subjects, implying increased intrauterine bone resorption. BMC is consistently increased with increasing body weight and length in infants. Race and gender differences in BMC appear in early life, but not at birth. Ethanol consumption and smoking by the mother during pregnancy affect fetal skeletal development.
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Nolan, Lila S., Olivia B. Parks, and Misty Good. "A Review of the Immunomodulating Components of Maternal Breast Milk and Protection Against Necrotizing Enterocolitis." Nutrients 12, no. 1 (December 19, 2019): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12010014.
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Breast milk contains immunomodulating components that are beneficial to newborns during maturation of their immune system. Human breast milk composition is influenced by an infant’s gestational and chronological age, lactation stage, and the mother and infant’s health status. Major immunologic components in human milk, such as secretory immunoglobulin A (IgA) and growth factors, have a known role in regulating gut barrier integrity and microbial colonization, which therefore protect against the development of a life-threatening gastrointestinal illness affecting newborn infants called necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Breast milk is a known protective factor in the prevention of NEC when compared with feeding with commercial formula. Breast milk supplements infants with human milk oligosaccharides, leukocytes, cytokines, nitric oxide, and growth factors that attenuate inflammatory responses and provide immunological defenses to reduce the incidence of NEC. This article aims to review the variety of immunomodulating components in breast milk that protect the infant from the development of NEC.
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Funes, Samanta C., Miguel A. Mansilla, Gisela Canedo-Marroquín, Margarita K. Lay, Claudia A. Riedel, and Alexis M. Kalergis. "Role of Regulatory T Cells in Infection and Vaccination During Early Infancy." Current Pharmaceutical Design 24, no. 30 (December 8, 2018): 3495–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612824666180829094315.
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Reducing infant mortality due to infectious diseases is one of the most important public health goals worldwide. Several approaches have been implemented to reach this goal and vaccination has been an effective strategy for reducing infant and newborn mortality. However, the immunological features of neonates and infants represent a significant barrier to the effectiveness of vaccination. Since regulatory T cells (Treg cells) are known to play an active role in contributing to various mechanisms of suppression of the immune cell function. It has been proposed that these immune cells could decrease the immunogenicity of vaccines administered in newborns and infants. In this article, we discuss the various types of Treg cells, along with their suppressing and inhibitory mechanisms, which are used by these cells in the context of infectious and immunization processes in newborns and infants.
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Herzog, D., P. Chessex, S. Martin, and F. Alvarez. "Transient Cholestasis in Newborn Infants with Perinatal Asphyxia." Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology 17, no. 3 (2003): 179–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2003/108473.
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In asphyxiated newborn infants, cholestasis often leads to extensive investigations and a cause can rarely be found.OBJECTIVE: To assess the frequency of transient neonatal cholestasis in an unselected group of asphyxiated newborn infants in a mother-child centre.METHOD: Charts of 181 asphyxiated newborn infants born with appropriate birth weight for gestational age (AGA) or small weight for gestational age (SGA) at Sainte-Justine Hospital, Montreal, Quebec between 1989 and 1993 were reviewed.RESULTS: Transient neonatal cholestasis was found in 8.5% of asphyxiated AGA and 33% of SGA newborn infants, compared with 3.94% cholestasis of any etiology in nonasphyxiated SGA infants. Asphyxiated neonates born before the age of 35 weeks had an increased risk for transient neonatal cholestasis (odds ratio 2.84, CI 1.0-8.1).CONCLUSION: Transient neonatal cholestasis is associated with several contributing factors related to the severity of the neonatal distress. Asphyxia is frequently accompanied by cholestasis in this group of newborns and without symptoms other than uncomplicated cholestasis. Investigations should be focussed on conditions requiring immediate therapy.
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Hartnett, Michael J., Michele A. Lloyd-Puryear, Norma P. Tavakoli, Julia Wynn, Carrie L. Koval-Burt, Dorota Gruber, Tracy Trotter, et al. "Newborn Screening for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: First Year Results of a Population-Based Pilot." International Journal of Neonatal Screening 8, no. 4 (September 22, 2022): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijns8040050.
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Advancements in therapies for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) have made diagnosis within the newborn period a high priority. We undertook a consortia approach to advance DMD newborn screening in the United States. This manuscript describes the formation of the Duchenne Newborn Screening Consortium, the development of the pilot protocols, data collection tools including parent surveys, and findings from the first year of a two-year pilot. The DMD pilot design is population-based recruitment of infants born in New York State. Data tools were developed to document the analytical and clinical validity of DMD NBS, capture parental attitudes, and collect longitudinal health information for diagnosed newborns. Data visualizations were updated monthly to inform the consortium on enrollment. After 12 months, 15,754 newborns were screened for DMD by the New York State Newborn Screening (NYS NBS) Program. One hundred and forty screened infants had borderline screening results, and sixteen infants were referred for molecular testing. Three male infants were diagnosed with dystrophinopathy. Data from the first year of a two-year NBS pilot for DMD demonstrate the feasibility of NBS for DMD. The consortia approach was found to be a useful model, and the Newborn Screening Translational Research Network’s data tools played a key role in describing the NBS pilot findings and engaging stakeholders.
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LASHARI, K., M. KUMARI, SM SHAHKAR, A. FAROOQUI, SANGEET, and MS ZAFAR. "MATERNAL STRESS AND NEWBORN BEHAVIOR, MATERNAL DEPRESSION AND NEWBORN COGNITION." Biological and Clinical Sciences Research Journal 2023, no. 1 (November 7, 2023): 521. http://dx.doi.org/10.54112/bcsrj.v2023i1.521.
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The objective of this study is to determine the relationship between maternal stress, maternal depression, and newborn behavior/cognition. This cross-sectional study included 60 participants and their newborn babies. Maternal depression was assessed using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), while the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) was used to measure stress levels. The newborn behavior/cognition was measured using the BSID-III Screening Test scores. Data was collected from January 2023 to June 2023. Mothers had an average age of 35.63± 7.22 years, while the newborn infants had an average of 8.61± 3.27 years. Among the newborns, 56.7% were male infants, while 43.3% were female infants. The study determined the characteristics of enrolled patients and their newborn infants. The correlations between BSID-III Screening Test scores and maternal depression, as well as maternal stress, were also presented. The study showed that there was a correlation between cognitive development and maternal depression, with an R-value of 0.19 and an insignificant P-value of 0.14. Similarly, a correlation was found between cognitive development and maternal stress, with an R-value of 0.17 and an insignificant P-value of 0.17. The study concluded that maternal stress during pregnancy can impact newborn behavior, highlighting the importance of addressing maternal stress and depression, not only for the well-being of the mothers but also for fostering healthy newborn behavior and cognitive development.
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Pateva, Irina, Elisabeth Kerling, Susan Carlson, Manju Reddy, Dan Chen, and Jakica Tancabelic. "Effect Of Maternal Cigarette Smoking On Newborn Iron Stores." Blood 122, no. 21 (November 15, 2013): 4671. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v122.21.4671.4671.
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Objective Previous small-scale studies suggest that maternal smoking lowers neonatal body iron. Our objective was to study and compare the relationship between maternal and infants’ body iron in smokers and non-smokers in a large matched-pair cohort. Method This was a prospective cohort study involving 144 mothers – 72 smokers and 72 non-smokers and their respective infants. Samples were obtained from maternal blood and infants’ cord blood at delivery for serum transferrin receptor (sTfR) and ferritin levels. Serum TfR and ferritin levels were measured by RAMCO ELISA and RIA assays. The total body iron (TBI) was calculated using the sTfR/ferritin ratio. Results Maternal total body iron and smoking status Women who smoked had lower sTfR, higher ferritin and higher body iron compared to nonsmoking women. Infant’s total body iron, measurements at birth and smoking status In contrast to their respective mothers, we found a small but statistically significant negative correlation between smoking and infants’ total body iron. The number of PPD smoked was negatively correlated with infants’ ferritin and total body iron. The number of days smoked during pregnancy was also negatively correlated with infants’ ferritin and total body iron and positively correlated with infants' sTfR. Birth weight was lower in babies of smokers compared to nonsmokers (mean /- SD =3270 +/-475 vs. 3393 g +/- 475 g, p=0.03). Correlation studies revealed that birth weight in infants of smokers was negatively correlated with PPD smoked and number of days smoked. Birth length in the same infants was also negatively correlated with PPD smoked and number of days smoked. Conclusion Mothers who smoked during pregnancy had higher iron stores but their newborn infants had lower iron stores than those of non-smoking mothers. There may be a negative dose-dependent response between fetal smoke exposure and infant iron stores. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Kalhan, Satish C., Prabhu Parimi, Ron Van Beek, Carol Gilfillan, Firas Saker, Lourdes Gruca, and Pieter J. J. Sauer. "Estimation of gluconeogenesis in newborn infants." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 281, no. 5 (November 1, 2001): E991—E997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.2001.281.5.e991.
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The rate of glucose turnover (Ra) and gluconeogenesis (GNG) via pyruvate were quantified in seven full-term healthy babies between 24 and 48 h after birth and in twelve low-birth-weight infants on days 3 and 4 by use of [13C6]glucose and2H2O. The preterm babies were receiving parenteral alimentation of either glucose or glucose plus amino acid with or without lipids. The contribution of GNG to glucose production was measured by the appearance of 2H on C-6 of glucose. Glucose Ra in full-term babies was 30 ± 1.7 (SD) μmol · kg−1 · min−1. GNG via pyruvate contributed ∼31% to glucose Ra. In preterm babies, the contribution of GNG to endogenous glucose Rawas variable (range 6–60%). The highest contribution was in infants receiving low rates of exogenous glucose infusion. In an additional group of infants of normal and diabetic mothers, lactate turnover and its incorporation into glucose were measured within 4–24 h of birth by use of [13C3]lactate tracer. The rate of lactate turnover was 38 μmol · kg−1 · min−1, and lactate C, not corrected for loss of tracer in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, contributed ∼18% to glucose C. Lactate and glucose kinetics were similar in infants that were small for their gestational age and in normal infants or infants of diabetic mothers. These data show that gluconeogenesis is evident soon after birth in the newborn infant and that, even after a brief fast (5 h), GNG via pyruvate makes a significant contribution to glucose production in healthy full-term infants. These data may have important implications for the nutritional support of the healthy and sick newborn infant.
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Nerdrum Aagaard, Ellisiv, Anne Lee Solevåg, and Ola Didrik Saugstad. "Significance of Neonatal Heart Rate in the Delivery Room—A Review." Children 10, no. 9 (September 14, 2023): 1551. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children10091551.
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Background: Heart rate (HR) is considered the main vital sign in newborns during perinatal transition, with a threshold of 100 beats per minute (bpm), below which, intervention is recommended. However, recent changes in delivery room management, including delayed cord clamping, are likely to have influenced normal HR transition. Objective: To summarize the updated knowledge about the factors, including measurement methods, that influence HR in newborn infants immediately after birth. Additionally, this paper provides an overview of delivery room HR as a prognostic indicator in different subgroups of newborns. Methods: We searched PubMed, EMBASE, and Google Scholar with the terms infant, heart rate, delivery room, resuscitation, pulse oximetry, and electrocardiogram. Results: Seven studies that described HR values in newborn infants immediately after birth were included. Pulse oximetry-derived HR percentiles after immediate cord clamping may not be applicable to the current practice of delayed cord clamping and the increasing use of delivery room electrocardiograms. Mask ventilation may adversely affect HR, particularly in premature and non-asphyxiated infants. Prolonged bradycardia is a negative prognostic factor, especially if combined with hypoxemia in infants <32 weeks of gestation. Conclusions: HR assessment in the delivery room remains important. However, the cardiopulmonary transition is affected by delayed cord clamping, gestational age, and underlying conditions.
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Ristovska, Sanja, Orhideja Stomnaroska, and Renata Dimitrioska. "Transient Neonatal Myasthenia Gravis: A Case Report." PRILOZI 44, no. 2 (July 1, 2023): 165–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/prilozi-2023-0036.
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Abstract Transient neonatal myasthenia gravis (TNMG) is a neuromuscular disorder that occurs in infants born from mothers with myasthenia gravis (MG) due to transplacental transfer of antibodies against the acetylcholine receptor. TNMG is a rare form occurring in 10-15% of infants born from mothers with MG. We present a case of a newborn with TNMG with generalized hypotonia and respiratory distress. The newborn shows symptoms of hypotonia, weakened reflexes, poor crying, difficult sucking and potentiated tachydyspnea after 24 hours of birth and needs of assisted mechanical ventilation. Based on the mother’s positive history of MG and the high titer of mother’s (8.43nmol/l) and newborn’s (9.088nmol/l) anti-AChR antibodies, TNMG was diagnosed. The baby was treated with assisted mechanical ventilation and neostig-mine until the anti-AChR antibody titer was negative. Adequate management of the newborn resulted in a positive outcome and evident withdrawal of the symptoms. Although TNMG is one of the rare neuromuscular disorders in newborns that can be treated, a multidisciplinary approach in the management of pregnant women with MG and newborns through timely diagnosis and early appropriate treatment, results in successful resolution of this condition.
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Smith, Pamela C., Catherine F. Yonkaitis, and Melissa M. Reigart. "Standardizing Care of the Late Preterm Infant." MCN: The American Journal of Maternal/Child Nursing 48, no. 5 (September 2023): 244–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/nmc.0000000000000936.
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Abstract Background: Late preterm infants are infants born between 34 and 36 6/7 weeks gestation. Compared to term infants, late preterm infants are at increased risk for breastfeeding difficulties, hypoglycemia, hyperbilirubinemia, and hypothermia due to their relative physiologic and metabolic immaturity. Problem: Medical record reviews performed at a level III maternal and newborn hospital in central Illinois revealed only 64% of late preterm infants admitted to the newborn nursery received care per the unit late preterm infant policy. The aim of this quality improvement project was to increase nurse adherence to the policy to 80%. Methods: Between May 2022 and September 2022, several interventions were implemented for maternal–child nurses and support clinicians: an education offering, creation of a late preterm infant-specific breastfeeding log, and electronic medical record updates. Post-intervention medical record reviews measured policy adherence through documentation of feeding sessions, hypoglycemia, hypothermia, and hyperbilirubinemia. Descriptive statistics were performed to determine improvement. Results: Nurse adherence to the late preterm infant policy increased to 90% over the period of the project. Clinical Implications: Late preterm infant care protocols should be in place in all newborn nurseries. Late preterm infant policy adherence can be supported through electronic medical record prompts, use of a late preterm infant-specific breastfeeding log, and continuing education.
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Zarubin, A. A., E. S. Filippov, A. S. Vanyarkina, O. G. Ivanova, and A. A. Shishkina. "Comparison of Uncontrolled and Device-Induced Therapeutic Hypothermia in Newborn Infants with Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy." Acta Biomedica Scientifica 6, no. 1 (April 10, 2021): 88–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.29413/abs.2021-6.1.13.
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Background. Newborn infants who have undergone severe birth asphyxia have a high risk of neurological disorders and death. The most effective method for the treatment of hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy caused by intrapartum asphyxia is therapeutic hypothermia, or targeted temperature management. Currently, there are no large studies comparing its different methods, therefore the aim of our study was to compare the effectiveness of device-induced and uncontrolled therapeutic hypothermia in newborn infants who underwent intrapartum asphyxia.Materials and methods. Study design: we conducted a retrospective, longitudinal, cohort study in 39 newborn infants born in severe asphyxia and receiving uncontrolled therapeutic hypothermia (group 1), and in 48 newborn infants born in severe asphyxia and receiving device-induced therapeutic hypothermia (group 2). Statistical data processing was carried out using standard techniques.Results. The body temperature in newborn infants of both groups was reduced to 33.5 °C within the first hour, but when using uncontrolled therapeutic hypothermia, the body temperature fluctuated from 32 to 35 °C. Device-induced therapeutic hypothermia has a more effective neuroprotective effect as compared to uncontrolled hypothermia (p< 0.05) and more rapidly stabilizes metabolism in newborns due to a decrease in lactate levels (p < 0.05). In newborns device-induced therapeutic hypothermia stabilizes hemodynamics more quickly compared to uncontrolled therapeutic hypothermia (p < 0.05). Device-induced therapeutic hypothermia reduces the period of hospitalization in the neonatal intensive care unit (p < 0.05), the risk of cerebral edema (p < 0.05) and of the repeated episodes of seizures (p < 0.05). Conclusion. Using uncontrolled therapeutic hypothermia causes a high risk of unintentional fluctuations in rectal temperature towards both hypothermia and rewarming, which can aggravate the severe condition of newborn infants. Device-induced therapeutic hypothermia has a more effective neuroprotective effect.
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Das, Jagadish, Mohammad Khan, Jannatul Ferdous, Mohammed Shaheen, Syeda Hasan, Adrita Das, Arifa Akther, and Kamrunnahar Bhuiyan. "A Case Report on SARS-CoV-2 Positive Neonate with Complex Heart Disease." ULUTAS MEDICAL JOURNAL 10, no. 2 (2024): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/umj.20240327041038.
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In pediatric patients, Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) presents usually without symptoms or with mild to moderate COVID-19. However, infants may present with more severe diseases, leading to even respiratory failure. COVID-19 may adversely affect the course of congenital heart disease (CHD) and vice versa in neonates and small infants. There is limited data about confirmed COVID-19 cases with CHD in neonates and early infancy. A newborn infant with confirmed COVID-19 was admitted to the Department of Neonatology of Chittagong Medical College Hospital. The case presented with C-Transposition of great arteries, superior-inferior ventricles, large upper muscular VSD with reverse shunt, large ASD with a left to right shunt, moderate right AV valve regurgitation (MR), and severe pulmonary hypertension. The newborn infant was isolated and was treated with antibiotics and cardiac drugs, along with supportive care. Ultimately, the infant deteriorated and expired. A newborn infant might be infected with COVID-19 even if a history of such infection in parents and caregivers is not found. Early identification of COVID-19 in neonates with CHD is essential for planning treatment, including limiting its transmission in the community.
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Jeon, Ga Won. "Pathophysiology, classification, and complications of common asymptomatic thrombocytosis in newborn infants." Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics 65, no. 4 (April 15, 2022): 182–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3345/cep.2021.00864.
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We frequently encounter newborn infants with thrombocytosis in the neonatal intensive care unit. However, neonatal thrombocytosis is not yet fully understood. Thrombocytosis is more frequently identified in newborns and young infants, notably more often in those younger than 2 years than in older children or adults. The production of megakaryocytes (megakaryopoiesis) and platelets (thrombopoiesis) is mainly regulated by thrombopoietin (TPO). Increased TPO levels during infection or inflammation can stimulate megakaryopoiesis, resulting in thrombopoiesis. TPO concentrations are higher in newborn infants than in adults. Levels increase after birth, peak on the second day after birth, and start decreasing at 1 month of age. Initial platelet counts at birth increase with gestational age. Thus, preterm infants have lower initial platelet counts at birth than late-preterm or term infants. Postnatal thrombocytosis is more frequently observed in preterm infants than in term infants. A high TPO concentration and low TPO receptor expression on platelets leading to elevated plasma-free TPO, increased sensitivity of megakaryocyte precursor cells to TPO, a decreased red blood cell count, and immaturity of platelet regulation are speculated to induce thrombocytosis in preterm infants. Thrombocytosis in newborn infants is considered a reactive process (secondary thrombocytosis) following infection, acute/chronic inflammation, or anemia. Thrombocytosis in newborn infants is benign, resolves spontaneously, and, unlike in adults, is rarely associated with hemorrhagic and thromboembolic complications.
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Wilkinson, Dominic. "Should We Replace Disabled Newborn Infants?" Journal of Moral Philosophy 8, no. 3 (2011): 390–414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/174552411x591348.
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AbstractIf a disabled newborn infant dies, her parents may be able to conceive another child without impairment. This is sometimes referred to as 'replacement'. Some philosophers have argued that replacement provides a strong reason for disabled newborns to be killed or allowed to die. In this paper I focus on the case for replacement as it relates to decisions about life support in newborn intensive care. I argue (following Jeff McMahan) that the impersonal reason to replace is weak and easily outweighed. I assess and reject several possible ways in which the impersonal reason to replace could be defended. I then address an alternative justification for replacement – as an individual-affecting benefit. The strongest justification for replacement may be the interests of parents. In the latter part of the paper I look at a related question. What role should replacement play in decisions about the funding of newborn intensive care?
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Springate, James E., Robert D. Fildes, and Leonard G. Feld. "Assessment of Renal Function in Newborn Infants." Pediatrics In Review 9, no. 2 (August 1, 1987): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/pir.9.2.51.
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Proper interpretation of renal function tests in newborn infants requires knowledge of conceptual age. A plasma creatinine concentration of 1.2 mg/dL, serum bicarbonate concentration of 16 mEq/L, and a fractional excretion of sodium of 5% is normal in a 2-week-old infant born at 28 weeks's gestational age but markedly abnormal in a 2-week-old baby born at term. Newborn infants with urinary tract infections need radiologic evaluation for vesicoureteral reflux and urinary tract obstruction using voiding cystourethrogram and renal sonography or radionuclide scanning. Intravenous pyebography is not the test of choice for this evaluation. If severe hypertension develops in a 1-week-old infant, seriously ill with respiratory distress syndrome, evaluation should include determination of the use of umbilical artery catheters and investigation for renal artery thrombosis with sonography and radionuclide scanning because renovascular disease is the major cause of hypertension in newborn infants.
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Luong, Deandra, Po-Yin Cheung, Keith J. Barrington, Peter G. Davis, Jennifer Unrau, Shyamala Dakshinamurti, and Georg M. Schmölzer. "Cardiac arrest with pulseless electrical activity rhythm in newborn infants: a case series." Archives of Disease in Childhood - Fetal and Neonatal Edition 104, no. 6 (February 22, 2019): F572—F574. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2018-316087.
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The 2015 neonatal resuscitation guidelines added ECG to assess an infant’s heart rate when determining the need for resuscitation at birth. However, a recent case report raised concerns about this technique in the delivery room. We report four cases of pulseless electrical activity during neonatal cardiopulmonary resuscitation in levels II–III neonatal intensive care units in Canada (Edmonton [n=3] and Winnipeg [n=1]).Healthcare providers should be aware that pulseless electrical activity can occur in newborn infants during cardiopulmonary resuscitation. We propose an adapted neonatal resuscitation algorithm to include pulseless electrical activity. Furthermore, in compromised newborns, heart rate should be assessed using a combination of methods/techniques to ensure accurate heart rate assessment. When ECG displays a heart rate but the infant is unresponsive, pulseless electrical activity should be suspected and chest compression should be started.
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Mulder, Pamela J., and Sue E. Gardner. "The Healthy Newborn Hydration Model." Biological Research For Nursing 17, no. 1 (April 15, 2014): 94–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1099800414529362.
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The normal small volume of breast milk produced in the first 2 days following birth may raise concerns about adequate hydration in breast-fed newborns. These concerns are further magnified when breast-fed infants lose ≥7% of their birth weight within 2 days postnatally. Weight loss following birth is presumably mostly water loss that could result in hypohydration and subsequent hypernatremic dehydration. However, excess fluid loss immediately following birth is a normal and necessary process. Furthermore, newborns exposed to excess fluid intake during labor may need to lose ≥7% of birth weight in the first 2 days following birth in order to achieve euhydration. Normal newborn fluid loss following birth confounds the use of weight loss as the sole measure of newborn hydration. We thus propose the healthy newborn hydration model that highlights the normalcy of newborn weight loss immediately following birth and the healthy newborn’s compensatory mechanisms for preserving adequate hydration. We also recommend the use of serum sodium to measure intravascular osmolarity in addition to monitoring weight loss to obtain a more comprehensive newborn hydration assessment. Research is necessary in healthy newborns to identify relationships among fluids received in utero, newborn weight loss, and hydration, as evaluated with laboratory measures, in the first 2 days following birth. This information will guide clinicians in correctly identifying newborns with inadequate hydration who are in need of supplementary fluids versus newborns with adequate hydration for whom exclusive breast-feeding can be supported and encouraged.
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Zhang, Stephanie Q., Hayley Friedman, and Marya L. Strand. "Length of Resuscitation for Severely Depressed Newborns." American Journal of Perinatology 37, no. 09 (June 5, 2019): 933–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1692181.
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Objective Current guidelines for neonatal resuscitation suggest it may be reasonable to stop resuscitation after 10 minutes in infants born with no detectable heartbeat. This study describes the length of resuscitation provided in a cohort of profoundly compromised newborn infants. Study Design Chart review of a regional hospital system database of newborn infants from 2010 to 2017 with a documented 10-minute Apgar score of 0 or 1. Results From a total birth population of 49,876 infants, 172 newborns were identified. Of these, 133 infants did not receive resuscitation and died while receiving comfort care. In the 39 resuscitated infants, 15 (38%) achieved return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) at an average of 20 minutes; 32 of these 39 newborns (82%) died within 24 hours. Average time to ROSC for survivors was 17.8 minutes. Death or severe neurologic disability at 15 to 24 months of age was present in 92% (36/39) of resuscitated infants. Conclusion Prolonged resuscitation of newborns is rare. In this cohort, 92% died or had severe neurodevelopmental disability. Infants with ROSC received 20 minutes of resuscitation. Infants with ROSC typically did not survive beyond 24 hours unless they survived to discharge. To increase the number of infants with ROSC, continuing resuscitation beyond 10 minutes may be reasonable.
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MIZEJEWSKI, G. J., and K. A. PASS. "α-Fetoprotein and Hypothyroidism in Infants." Pediatrics 90, no. 6 (December 1, 1992): 1008–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.90.6.1008a.
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To the Editor.— We recently have documented a relationship between serum α-fetoprotein (AFP) and congenital hypothyroidism (CH) in the newborn period. Previous studies in our laboratory and others had reported a relationship between elevated serum AFP and elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)/low thyroxine T4 in newborns and infants in the first few months of life.1-4 The New York State Newborn Screening Program for CH routinely screens more than 300 000 specimens per year diagnosing 120 to 140 confirmed cases of CH annually.
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McKenna, Laura. "Pancreatic Disorders in the Newborn." Neonatal Network 19, no. 4 (June 2000): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0730-0832.19.4.13.
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Except for the hyperinsulinism associated with the infant of a diabetic mother (accounting for about 5 percent of NICU admissions annually), pancreatic disorders of the newborn are rare. Congenital anomalies (such as annular pancreas) and endocrine disorders (such as hyperinsulinism of nesidioblastosis or hyperglycemia of neonatal diabetes mellitus) present many challenges to the personnel caring for these infants and their families. The potential mortality and morbidity of these disorders make it imperative for nurses and nurse practitioners working with infants to recognize and understand pancreatic dysfunction so that appropriate and timely intervention can prevent complications of brain injury and developmental delay. The home care needs of these infants and the extensive teaching needs of their parents require skilled nursing care to ensure a safe discharge.
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Milašinović, Ljubomir, Ivan Hrabovski, Zorica Grujić, Mirjana Bogavac, and Aleksandra Nikolić. "Biochemical and Physiological Characteristics of Neonates Born to Mothers with Diabetes During Gestation." Journal of Medical Biochemistry 31, no. 1 (January 1, 2012): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10011-011-0042-2.
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Biochemical and Physiological Characteristics of Neonates Born to Mothers with Diabetes During GestationThe aim of this study was to investigate how glucose homeostasis disorders influence biochemical homeostasis and fetal maturation. A prospective randomized study included 102 infants: 31 newborns of mothers with glucose homeostasis disorders (Group I) and 71 newborns of healthy mothers (Group II). In the pregnant women, the mean age, body weight and height, BMI, parity, duration of the disease and the mode of labor were estimated. The following procedures were performed in each newborn infant: physical examination, determination of Apgar score, measurements of birth weight and length, estimation of neurological status, clinical estimation of gestational age, ECG and ultrasonography of the brain, as well as the basic hematologic, biochemical and microbiological analyses. Newborn infants of diabetic pregnancies were small for gestational age and of high birth weight. The levels of Na+, K+and Cl-ions did not show significant differences between the investigated groups, whereas the levels of total Ca and Mg were significantly decreased (2.18±0.59 and 0.65±0.17 mmol/L) (p<0.001) in the investigated group relative to the control group (2.42±0.53 and 0.81±0.09 mmol/L). The newborn infants of diabetic pregnancies presented with significantly decreased values of phosphates, bicarbonates and pH, whereas the difference in total osmolality was not statistically significant. The level of glucose at birth in the infants of diabetic mothers was lower (2.91±0.51 mmol/L) (p<0.001) than in the infants of healthy pregnancies (3.94±0.29 mmol/L). Glycemia lower than 2 mmol/L was recorded in 6.5% of infants of the investigated group. The level of bilirubin was significantly increased (209.71±56.66 mmol/L) (p<0.001) in infants of diabetic mothers compared to those of the healthy ones (155.70±61.14 mmol/L), like the incidence of clinically manifested hyperbilirubinemia. Disorders of maternal glucose homeostasis cause biochemical disorders such as hypoglycemia, hypocalcemia, hyperbilirubinemia, hypomagne semia and are associated with impaired maturation and congenital malformations of the fetus.
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Bruckner, Marlies, Gianluca Lista, Ola D. Saugstad, and Georg M. Schmölzer. "Delivery Room Management of Asphyxiated Term and Near-Term Infants." Neonatology 118, no. 4 (2021): 487–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000516429.
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Approximately 800,000 newborns die annually due to birth asphyxia. The resuscitation of asphyxiated term newly born infants often occurs unexpected and is challenging for healthcare providers as it demands experience and knowledge in neonatal resuscitation. Current neonatal resuscitation guidelines often focus on resuscitation of extremely and/or very preterm infants; however, the recommendations for asphyxiated term newborn infants differ in some aspects to those for preterm infants (i.e., respiratory support, supplemental oxygen, and temperature management). Since the update of the neonatal resuscitation guidelines in 2015, several studies examining various resuscitation approaches to improve the outcome of asphyxiated infants have been published. In this review, we discuss current recommendations and recent findings and provide an overview of delivery room management of asphyxiated term newborn infants.
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Blass, Elliott M., and Lisa B. Hoffmeyer. "Sucrose as an Analgesic for Newborn Infants." Pediatrics 87, no. 2 (February 1, 1991): 215–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.87.2.215.
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The effectiveness of sucrose as an analgesic agent for newborn infants was assessed during two standard painful hospital procedures: blood collection via heel lance and circumcision. Infants who drank 2 mL of a 12% sucrose solution prior to blood collection cried 50% less during the blood collection procedure than did control infants who had received 2 mL of sterile water. Crying of infants who ingested sucrose returned to baseline levels within 30 to 60 seconds after blood collection whereas control infants required 2.5 to 3.0 minutes to return to baseline. Like findings were obtained for infants who received sucrose on a pacifier prior to and during circumcision. Specifically, control infants who underwent a standard circumcision procedure without intervention cried 67% of the time. A water-moistened pacifier reduced crying to 49% (P < .01). Crying was reduced further to 31% (P < .05) by providing infants with a sucrose-flavored pacifier to suck. These findings, which parallel results obtained in studies of pain in infant rats, provide a potent yet simple, benign intervention to help alleviate stress and pain routinely experienced by human infants.
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Jubella, Morien, Ferawati Taherong, and Nurfaizah Alza. "MANAJEMEN ASUHAN KEBIDANAN SEGERA BAYI BARU LAHIR BERKELANJUTAN PADA BAYI NY “M” DENGAN IKTERUS NEONATORUM FISIOLOGIS DI RUMAH SAKIT UMUM BAHAGIA MAKASSAR TAHUN 2021." Jurnal Midwifery 4, no. 1 (February 26, 2022): 65–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.24252/jmw.v4i1.28001.
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Introduction Neonatal jaundice is a clinical condition in infants characterized by a yellow discoloration of the skin and sclera due to excessive accumulation of unconjugated bilirubin. There were about 60% of term infants who experience jaundice in the first week of their age, and about 80% of cases were found in preterm infants. Neontaol jaundice in newborns was a common problem often faced by health workers. The increase level of bilirubin in newborns has been considered to be a normal transition phase. However, the excessive increase of bilirubin in blood can cause a janudice which requires a special treatment. The major purpose of this research was to investigate and conduct a midwifery care management on a newborn of Mrs. “M” with the case of physiological jaundice at Bahagia General Hospital of Makassar. This research was conducted on October 8 to November 21, 2021, and this study was based on the 7 stages of Varney management approach and SOAP documentation procedure. The findings of this study indicated that there were no obstacles found during the process of treatment on the newborn of Mrs. “M”. The treatments and care were conducted for five times for approaximately 1 month. During the process, it was found that the newborn had undergone a jaundice on his skin since october 7, 2021. However, on the third visit, it was apparent that the infant’s condition was better in which the bilirubin level saw a considerable fall. As a result, the treatment of phototheraphy could be discontinued. This study concluded that the newborn’s condition had been good due to the quick and proper treatment and care given to the baby. In this case, the roles of mifwives and health workers are highly significant to deal with patients with the case of neonatal jaundice. Moreover, it is also expected to midwives to give proper understanding and information to the families on the patient so that they could help in the healing process of the baby.
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Orhon, Alper, Hatice Topal, Nilay Hakan, and Esra Arun Ozer. "Cord blood nucleated red blood cell level: is it a predictive marker for neonatal jaundice?" LaboratoriumsMedizin 42, no. 5 (October 25, 2018): 171–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/labmed-2018-0065.
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AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to evaluate if the cord blood nucleated red blood cell (nRBC) levels can predict the development of hyperbilirubinemia in healthy neonates.MethodsAll healthy newborn infants born after 35 or more weeks of gestation at our hospital between January 2016 and April 2017 were included. The levels of nRBC were counted in umbilical cord blood samples. Neonates were grouped into two study groups based on the presence or absence of neonatal jaundice.ResultsThe study included overall 149 eligible newborn infants. The levels of nRBC and absolute nRBC count showed statistically significant differences between newborns with or without jaundice (p=0.01 and 0.02, respectively).ConclusionsWe suggest that increased nRBC counts in cord blood may be a predictive marker for hyperbilirubinemia in healthy newborn infants.