Relevant bibliographies by topics / Infection à VIH

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Infection à VIH'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 27 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Infection à VIH"

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Hoen, B. "Primo-infection VIH." Annales de Dermatologie et de Vénéréologie 133, no. 8-9 (2006): 41–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0151-9638(06)71023-7.

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Delfraissy, Jean-Franccois, and Cécile Goujard. "Infection à VIH." Annales de l'Institut Pasteur / Actualités 11, no. 3 (2000): 99–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-4204(00)80030-x.

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Timsit, F. J., M. Janier, C. Vernay-Vaïsse, F. Bouscarat, S. Fouéré, and N. Dupin. "Primo-infection VIH." Annales de Dermatologie et de Vénéréologie 143, no. 11 (2016): 749–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.annder.2016.09.029.

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Fall, N., N. F. Ngom-Gueye, N. M. Diop, et al. "Co-infection tuberculose/VIH." Revue des Maladies Respiratoires 31 (January 2014): A157. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rmr.2013.10.549.

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Berhouet, M. "Infection VIH en Pediatrie." Médecine et Maladies Infectieuses 19 (April 1989): 267–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0399-077x(89)80091-5.

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Catherinot, E. "Infection VIH et BPCO." Revue des Maladies Respiratoires Actualités 4, no. 5 (2012): 410–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1877-1203(12)70278-1.

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Cluzeau, Thomas. "Lymphome hodgkinien et infection VIH." Hématologie 16, no. 2 (2010): 170–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1684/hma.2010.0442.

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Borand, Laurence, Phearavin Pheng, Manil Saman, et al. "Co-infection tuberculose et VIH." médecine/sciences 29, no. 10 (2013): 908–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/medsci/20132910020.

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Bernard, P., A. Boibieux, B. Contamin, D. Bouhour, and D. Peyramond. "Infection à VIH et azithromycine." Médecine et Maladies Infectieuses 28, no. 4 (1998): 273–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0399-077x(98)80049-8.

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Dellamonica, P. "Diarrhées et infection à VIH." Médecine et Maladies Infectieuses 33 (February 2003): 105–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0399-077x(02)00479-1.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Infection à VIH"

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Lehmani, Albert. "Infection VIH en Ethiopie." Montpellier 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON11003.

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Ballongue, Xavier. "VIH et orthopédie." Bordeaux 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR2M147.

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Giordanengo, Valérie. "Glycoproteines lymphocytaires, infection vih et autoimmunite." Aix-Marseille 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996AIX20652.

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Kony, Sabine. "Tuberculose et infection à VIH au Sénégal." Paris 11, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA11T061.

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Nos travaux sur la tuberculose et le VIH menés à Dakar, Sénégal, s'inscrivent dans le contexte plus général du continent africain caractérisé par un dénuement des structures de soins et un nombre grandissant de personnes touchées par la tuberculose et le VIH. Se posent en particulier le problème du diagnostic de la tuberculose, clé de voûte de son contrôle, et celui de la carence des moyens de prise en charge des patients VIH -positifs. Ces travaux s'articulent autour de 3 axes : 1/ le phénomène des bacilloscopies négatives des tuberculoses pulmonaires, qui induisent un problème de diagnostic, la bacilloscopie des crachats à la recherche de bacilles tuberculeux étant souvent l'unique moyen de confirmer le diagnostic, 2/ la signification clinique, biologique et radiologique des baisses profondes des CD4 observées chez les patients tuberculeux VIH-négatifs, et 3/ le moyen de compenser l'inaccessibilité à la numération des CD4, outil important dans la prise en charge des patients VIH-positifs, en particulier pour la mise en place d'une prophylaxie des infections opportunistes par cotrimoxazole. Parmi 450 patients hospitalisés atteints d'une tuberculose pulmonaire, dont 40 (9%) étaient VIH-positifs, 85 (19%) patients présentaient une bacilloscopie négative. Celle-ci était plus fréquente chez les patients VIH-positifs que chez les patients VIH-négatifs (35% versus 17% ; p=0,01) et ses facteurs de risque étaient : une absence de toux, de caverne, la séropositivité pour le VIH, un taux de CD4 200 /mm³ et un âge &gt;40 ans. Ces résultats confirment ceux de la plupart des études africaines et la nécessité de développer des algorithmes diagnostiques de cette forme de tuberculose. Parmi 430 patients tuberculeux VIH-négatifs hospitalisés, les baisses profondes de CD4 (&lt;300/mm³ ) étaient fréquentes (14%), suggérant, avec d'autres études précédemment réalisées, une association entre le syndrome de « lymphocytopénie CD4 idiopathique » et la tuberculose. Ces baisses de CD4 semblaient associées à une maladie plus avancée et une immunodépression concomitante. Concernant la prise en charge des patients VIH-positifs, nous avons élaboré un système de score simple prédisant un taux de CD4 &lt;400/mm³ avec une sensibilité de 98% et une valeur prédictive négative de 83%, taux pour lequel une prophylaxie par cotrimoxazole est requise<br>Our studies on tuberculosis and HIV were performed in Dakar, Senegal, in an African context characterized by the deprivation of health care facilities and a growing number of persons affected by tuberculosis and HIV. In particular, the problems of tuberculosis diagnosis, which is a major condition of its control, and lack of means for HIV-positive patient management are prevalent. These studies tum around three facets: 1/ pulmonary tuberculosis diagnosis difficulties associated with negative sputum acid-fast-bacilli (AFB) smears, since finding AFB in sputum by direct microscopy is often the only way to confirm tuberculosis diagnosis, 2/ the clinical, biological and radiographie signification of severe CD4+ depletion observed in HIV- negative patients with tuberculosis, and 3/ a means of compensating for the inaccessibility of CD4+ numeration, an important tool in the management of HIV-positive patients, in particular to establish the appropriate timing of prevention of opportunistic infections with cotrimoxazole. Among 450 hospitalized patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, of whom 40 (9%) were HIV-positive, 85 (19%) patients had a negative sputum AFB smear. This phenomenon was more frequent in HIV-positive patients than in HIV-negative patients (35% versus 17%, p=0. 01) and its risk factors were: absence of cough, absence of cavitation, HIV seropositivity, a CD4+ cell count 200/mm³ and an age &gt;40 years. These results are consistent with most of other African studies and confirm the need to develop diagnosis algorithms for this form of tuberculosis. Among 430 HIV-negative hospitalized patients with tuberculosis, severe CD4+ depletions (&lt;300/mm³) were frequent (14%), suggesting, with other results already published, an existing association between tuberculosis and the "idiopathie CD4+ T-lymphocytopenia". Our results also suggested that these depletions were associated with more advanced disease and accompanying immunodepression. Regarding HIV-positive patient management, we have developed a simple score to predict CD4+ cell counts &lt;400/mm³, for use as a decision tool for prevention by cotrimoxazole
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Atwine, Daniel. "Improving TB management and control through innovative shorter anti-tuberculosis regimens." Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTT041/document.

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Le traitement actuel de la tuberculose chimio-sensible est de 6 mois, ce qui est beaucoup trop long et entraine des défauts d’adhésion au traitement, des échecs thérapeutiques par sélection de bactéries résistantes. Puisque dans le futur proche, aucun nouveau traitement ne permettra de raccourcir la durée de traitement, d’autres voies doivent être recherchées, entre autres l’augmentation de la posologie de rifampicine (R) au-delà des 10 mg/kg actuellement recommandés qui pourrait permettre un traitement de 3-4 mois.Notre travail, réalisé dans le cadre d’essais cliniques, a consisté d’une part à étudier la tolérance d’une dose élevée de R au sein du traitement antituberculeux standard chez des patients tuberculeux séronégatifs ou séropositifs pour le VIH, et d’autre part l’interaction entre une double dose de R (20mg/kg) et le traitement antirétroviral, en particulier l’efavirenz (EFV). Enfin un autre axe de recherche a consisté à étudier si la négativation des cultures de crachat à 2 mois pouvait être un marqueur de l’efficacité du traitement antituberculeux dans les essais cliniques. Afin de répondre à ces objectifs, les études suivantes ont été réalisées.Une étude ouverte, de Phase II, randomisée, contrôlée (RIFATOX) a été mise en place (Bolivie, Pérou and Ouganda). Trois cent patients tuberculeux, séronégatifs pour le VIH ont été randomisés entre 3 schémas thérapeutiques se différenciant par la posologie de la R durant les 16 premières semaines : R à 10, 15 ou 20 mg/kg. La fonction hépatique et la réponse bactériologiques ont été monitorées. La toxicité hépatique n’était pas plus importante à dose élevée de R. En utilisant les résultats des patients ougandais, nous avons montré que la négativation des cultures à deux mois était influencée par le type de milieu de culture utilisé, avec négativation plus importante en milieu solide qu’en milieu liquide pour les traitements avec dose élevée de R. Ces résultats nous amènent à recommander que le même milieu de culture soit utilisé dans tous les sites lors d’essais multicentriques visant à étudier l’efficacité de traitement antituberculeux.Une étude bibliographique « systématique » a été réalisée afin de colliger les informations existantes sur l’efficacité, la tolérance et les interactions pharmacocinétiques de l’EFV associé au traitement antituberculeux à posologie standard dans les pays à forte endémie. Vingt-deux articles publiés entre 2006 et 2016 ont été sélectionnés. Aucune relation entre des concentrations élevées d’EFV et la survenue d’effets indésirables neurologiques ou hépatiques n’a pu être mise en évidence.Au vu de ces informations, un essai pharmacocinétique de phase 2, ouvert (ANRS12292 RIFAVIRENZ trial) a randomisé 97 patients tuberculeux vivant avec le VIH et naïfs de traitement antirétroviral entre 3 bras de traitement : R20mg/kg+EFV 600mg, R20mg/kg +EFV 800 mg et R10mg/kg+EFV600mg (bras contrôle). R était associé au traitement antituberculeux à posologie standard et EFV associé à deux analogues nucléosidiques (tenofovir+lamivudine) a été initié 2-4 semaines après le traitement antituberculeux. Après 8 semaines de suivi, tous les patients ont reçu les traitements à posologie standard. Des prélèvements sanguins ont été réalisés pour étudier la pharmacocinétique de l’EFV associé à R ou administré seul (4 semaines après arrêt du traitement antituberculeux). Malgré une légère diminution des concentrations d’EFV dans le bras R20 mg/kg+EFV 600mg, les concentrations sont restées dans la zone des concentrations thérapeutiques. Quelque soit le bras de traitement, le traitement a été bien toléré. Cependant s’il n’y avait pas de différence sur l’efficacité virologique mesurée à 12 semaines, elle était diminuée à 24 semaines dans le bras R20 mg/kg+EFV 600mg. La pertinence clinique de ce résultat est en cours d’évaluation pour que des patients tuberculeux vivant avec le VIH puissent être inclus dans de futurs essais de phase 3<br>The recommended 6-month treatment for drug-susceptible tuberculosis (DS-TB) is too long, hence threatening patient adherence, with resulting treatment failure and drug-resistance. Consequently, this complicates efforts towards achieving the TB control and elimination goal. Currently, no new drug is expected in the short term for reducing treatment duration. We hypothesized that optimization of the current treatment regimen with use of high-dose rifampicin (R), above the 10mg/kg current dose, might result in a shorter TB treatment duration (3-4 months). Clinical trials were conducted to investigate two research areas: first, Safety of high-dose R in HIV-negative TB and in HIV-TB coinfected patients; secondly, drug-drug interaction between high-dose R and antiretroviral drugs. A 3rd research area addressed the use of 2 months sputum culture conversion as surrogate marker for treatment efficacy in TB trials.A Phase II, open-label randomized controlled trial (RIFATOX) was conducted with sites in Bolivia, Peru and Uganda. Three hundred HIV-negative smear-positive TB patients were randomised between three regimens differing only by R dose during the first 16 weeks of the standard 24 weeks treatment: R at 10 mg/kg and two high-R doses (15mg/kg or 20mg/kg). Liver function and bacteriological response were monitored. There was no significant increase in hepatotoxicity with high-dose R. Using data from the cohort of patients from the Ugandan site only, we showed that month-2 culture conversion, a commonly used surrogate marker in phase 2 trials was influenced by the culture method used with significantly higher conversion rates noted with solid versus liquid media within patients on high-R dose regimens. We therefore recommend use the same culture method across sites within multi-centric TB trials.We conducted a systematic review to gather existing information on the pharmacokinetics, adverse effects and efficacy of efavirenz (EFV), the most commonly used antiretroviral drug, co-administered with R-based TB regimens among high TB/HIV-burden countries. Twenty-two articles published between 2006 and 2016 were analyzed. With the use of 600mg EFV daily, plasma concentrations on average were above the minimum therapeutic concentrations during R co-administration with good safety and efficacy. No clear relationship between supratherapeutic EFV concentrations and occurrence of neurological and hepatic adverse events was observed.Then, we conducted a phase-2, randomized, open-label pharmacokinetic trial (ANRS12292 RIFAVIRENZ trial) among 97 DS-TB patients and antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naïve Ugandan patients. These were randomized between 3 drug regimens: 2 using R (20mg/Kg) with ART initiation 2-4 weeks later with EFV600mg/day or 800mg/day) and a control regimen using R10mg/kg and EFV600mg/day. At 8 weeks, all patients were switched to standard R and EFV doses. All patients had intensive pharmacokinetic sampling 4 weeks after EFV-R co-administration, and 4 weeks after R discontinuation. Despite a trend of lower EFV concentration when the R dose was doubled, concentrations remained within the therapeutic window. Treatment with high-dose R was well tolerated. Virological efficacy was high during the first 12 weeks on ART but reduced in the R arms after 24 weeks. We conclude that, use of high-dose R at 20mg/Kg is safe and could be evaluated in larger trials towards shortening of treatment for DS-TB patients. Due to late virological failures in patients on R 20 mg/kg and standard EFV dose, comprehensive efforts through additional research are needed to fast-track the inclusion of TB-HIV co-infected patients in phase 3 trials
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Garnier, Georges. "Maladie de hodgkin et infection a vih." Nice, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990NICE6821.

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Damouche, Abderaouf. "Infection par le VIH et tissu adipeux." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS124/document.

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Les traitements antirétroviraux (TARV) actuels ne parviennent pas à éradiquer totalement le virus de l'immunodéficience humaine (VIH) de l’organisme, le virus reste présent dans des sites anatomiques ou cellulaires appelés "réservoirs". Cette persistance virale se traduit aussi par une inflammation chronique à bas-bruit, responsable de la majorité des comorbidités associées au VIH.L'objectif de mon travail de thèse est d'étudier le rôle du tissu adipeux infecté en tant que facteur d'inflammation et site de persistance virale. Le tissu adipeux est un organe endocrine, doué de propriétés immunologiques claires dans lequel on trouve les cibles principales du VIH: les LTCD4 et les macrophages. Nous avons analysé l'impact de l'infection SIV sur les profils d'activation et différenciation des lymphocytes T et macrophages du tissu adipeux sous cutané (SCAT) et le tissu graisseux mésentérique (VAT) prélevé au niveau du grand omentum de macaques cynomolgus. Nous avons démontré une activation du tissu adipeux: recrutement des macrophages, profil plus inflammatoire des macrophages, recrutement massif de LTCD8, et une plus forte proportion de LT activés. Parallèlement, nous avons détecté la présence du virus SIV (détection d'ARN et d'ADN viral) dans les fractions stroma-vasculaires du tissu adipeux et dans les fractions triées de lymphocytes T et macrophages chez les macaques infectés. Nous avons aussi démontré la présence du VIH au niveau du tissu adipeux des patients infectés et traités (Damouche et al PlosPathogens 2015). Ces résultats identifient pour la première fois le tissu adipeux comme un site réservoir du VIH.Nous avons ensuite évalué si le tissu adipeux présente des propriétés intrinsèques favorisant la persistance du VIH en nous concentrant sur les lymphocytes T CD4. Cette étude a été menée chez des patients infectés par le VIH et sous TARV efficace et des sujets non infectés. Nous avons observés une augmentation dans la proportion des Ly Treg chez les patients infectés par rapport aux sujets sains. Aucun changement majeur dans les pourcentages des fractions Th1 et Th17, au sein des Ly T CD4 chez les patients infectés par le VIH et sous ART n’a été observé. De même, le pourcentage de lymphocytes T CD4 mémoires « résidant » n'a pas été affecté par l’infection. Collectivement, ces résultats suggèrent que les cellules T CD4 du tissu adipeux n'ont pas subi d’importantes altérations dans le profil de différenciation et d’activation malgré la persistance virale. Nous avons aussi évalué le profil immuno-modulateur pouvant contribuer à l'activation limitée intervenant dans le tissu adipeux. Nous avons observé un pourcentage élevé de cellules exprimant PD-1 parmi les cellules T CD4 mémoire résistante aux tissus adipeux chez les patients infectés par le VIH et non infectés, suggérant un rôle immuno-modulateur des cellules T CD4 du TA. Cette forte expression de PD-1 à la surface des cellules T CD4, intrinsèque au tissu adipeux pourrait contribuer à la persistance virale<br>The current antiretroviral treatments (ART) do not completely eradicate the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) from the body, the virus remains present in anatomical or cellular sites called "reservoirs". This viral persistence also results in chronic low-grade inflammation, responsible for the majority of HIV-associated comorbidities.The objective of my thesis work is to study the role of infected adipose tissue as an inflammatory factor and site of viral persistence. Adipose tissue is an endocrine organ with clear immunological properties in which the main targets of HIV are found: CD4 T lymphocytes and macrophages. We analyzed the impact of the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection on the activation and differentiation profiles of T lymphocytes and macrophages of subcutaneous adipose tissue (SCAT) and mesenteric adipose tissue (VAT) from the large omentum of cynomolgus macaques. We have demonstrated an activation of adipose tissue: macrophage recruitment, macrophage inflammatory profile, massive recruitment of LTCD8, and a higher proportion of activated T lymphocytes. At the same time, we detected the presence of the SIV virus (detection of RNA and viral DNA) in the stroma-vascular fractions of the adipose tissue and in the sorted fractions of T lymphocytes and macrophages in the infected macaques. We also demonstrated the presence of HIV in the adipose tissue of infected and treated patients (Damouche et al PlosPathogens 2015). These results identify for the first time adipose tissue as an HIV reservoir site.We then evaluated whether adipose tissue exhibits intrinsic properties that promote persistence of HIV by focusing on CD4 T lymphocytes. This study was conducted in HIV-infected patients under effective HAART and non-infected subjects. We found no major changes in the percentages of Th1, Th17 fractions within Ly T CD4 in HIV-infected patients and ART, but an increased in the proportion of Treg cells was observed in infected patients compared to healthy subjects. The percentage of "resident" CD4 T cell lymphocytes was not affected by infection. Collectively, these results suggest that CD4 T cells of adipose tissue have not undergone significant alterations in the differentiation and activation profile despite viral persistence. We also evaluated the immuno-modulatory profile that may contribute to limited activation in adipose tissue. We observed a high percentage of cells expressing PD-1 among the CD4 T cells resistant to adipose tissue in HIV-infected and uninfected patients, suggesting an immunomodulatory role of CD4 T cells of TA. This strong expression of PD-1 on the surface of CD4 T cells, intrinsic to adipose tissue, could contribute to viral persistence
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Tscherning, Charlotte. "Déterminants biologiques et génétiques du VIH-1 et rôle du placenta dans la transmission materno-foetale." Lyon 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LYO1T187.

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GOMMY, FLORENCE. "Lymphomes et vih." Aix-Marseille 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994AIX20017.

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COGET, ALAIN. "Infection par le vih : bilan predictif d'aggravation clinique." Lille 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LIL2M113.

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Books on the topic "Infection à VIH"

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Dariosecq, Jean-Michel. Infection VIH: Mémento thérapeutique 2003. 6th ed. Doin, 2003.

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Montagnier, Luc. Sida et infection par VIH. Flammarion, 1989.

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Cassuto, Jill-Patrice. SIDA et infection par le VIH. 3rd ed. Masson, 1996.

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Schifter, Jacobo. Las gavetas sexuales del costarricense y el riesgo de infección con el VIH. Editorial Imediex, 1996.

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Carr, Daniel B. La Douleur du SIDA/VIH. Institut UPSA de la douleur, 1996.

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Catalán, José. Psychological medicine of HIV infection. Oxford University Press, 1995.

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Adrian, Burgess, Klimes Ivana, and Gazzard Brian, eds. Psychological medicine of HIV infection. Oxford University Press, 1995.

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Bartlett, John G. The Johns Hopkins Hospital 1996 guide to medical care of patients with HIV infection. 6th ed. Williams & Wilkins, 1996.

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Mon corps se détruit, ma vie se construit. Éditions du CRAM, 1997.

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V, Stimson Gerry, Des Jarlais Don 1945-, Ball Andrew L, and World Health Organization, eds. Drug injecting and HIV infection: Global dimensions and local responses. UCL Press, 1998.

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Book chapters on the topic "Infection à VIH"

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Aquilina, Christian, and Roland Viraben. "Infection par le VIH." In Manifestations dermatologiques des maladies infectieuses, métaboliques et toxiques. Springer Paris, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-2-287-48494-0_13.

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Stocchetti, N., T. Serioli, M. Mergoni, M. G. Menozzi, P. Paini, and P. Zuccoli. "Rate of Infection and Cost Containment in Intracranial Pressure Recording." In Intracranial Pressure VII. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73987-3_25.

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Ayi, Bertha. "Infections Acquired via Fresh Water: from Lakes to Hot Tubs." In Infections of Leisure. ASM Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/9781555819231.ch2.

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Ercan, Batur, Nhiem Tran, and Thomas J. Webster. "Monitoring Inflammation and Infection via Implanted Nanosensors." In Nanotechnology Enabled In situ Sensors for Monitoring Health. Springer New York, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-7291-0_3.

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Ghiara, P., and M. Marchetti. "Strategies for Preventive and Therapeutic Vaccination Against Helicobacter pylori Infection." In Symposium in Immunology VII. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-80466-3_7.

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Link, H., G. Maschmeyer, P. Meyer, et al. "Interventional Antimicrobial Strategy in Neutropenic Infections." In Acute Leukemias VI. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60377-8_148.

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Louis Palatty, Princy. "Optimising Antiretroviral Therapy Via Pharmacokinetics." In Holistic Approaches to Infectious Diseases. Apple Academic Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b19944-12.

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Kim, Cheorl-Ho. "Pathogen-Host Infection Via Glycan Recognition and Interaction." In Glycobiology of Innate Immunology. Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-9081-5_5.

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Whalen, R. G. "DNA Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Allergies and Cancer." In Symposium in Immunology VII. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-80466-3_14.

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Tracy, J. Kathleen. "Understanding and Reducing Risks via Infection in LBT Women." In Cancer and the LGBT Community. Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-15057-4_3.

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Conference papers on the topic "Infection à VIH"

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"PS-040 - RELEVANCIA DE LA PATOLOGÍA DUAL EN LA INFECCIÓN DEL VHC EN PACIENTES INGRESADOS EN LA UNIDAD DE HOSPITALIZACIÓN BREVE DE PSIQUIATRÍA DE SALAMANCA." In 24 CONGRESO DE LA SOCIEDAD ESPAÑOLA DE PATOLOGÍA DUAL. SEPD, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.17579/abstractbooksepd2022.ps040.

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La prevalencia de hepatitis C es claramente superior en pacientes con adicciones y se ha demostrado la relevancia de la presencia de patología dual en unidades de subagudos de Psiquiatría. Existen pocos datos de su prevalencia y relevancia en Unidades de Hospitalización Breve. Se estudia una muestra de 1841 ingresos realizados entre el enero del 2017 y octubre del 2021. Un 40% eran reingresos de pacientes por lo que se incluyen 1096 pacientes distintos (52,1% eran mujeres), edad media de edad 49,62 (DT=16,27). 340 sujetos (31,3%) padecían Trastornos psicóticos, 180 depresivos (17%), 105 Trastornos de Ansiedad (10,1%), 46 Trastornos de la conducta alimentaria (4,4%), 72 T. Personalidad (6,9%), 34 tenían CI bajo (3,3%). Hasta 112 pacientes tenían diagnóstico principal de T. por consumo de sustancias (10.2%). 15 pacientes fueron positivos en el análisis de Sífilis (1,5%), 47 sujetos para Hepatitis B (4,7%), 28 pacientes para Hepatitis C (2,8%) y 15 fueron positivos para VIH (1,5%). Los pacientes con T. por consumo de sustancias se asociaron a la presencia de hepatitis C p-valor=0,054 y VIH p-valor=0,044. La presencia de pacientes con serología positiva para la hepatitis C en Unidades de Hospitalización Breve Psiquiátrica es muy superior a la esperable para población general y parece estar vinculada a pacientes duales. Roncero, C., Buch-Vicente, B., Martín-Sánchez, Á. M., Álvarez-Navares, A. I., Andrés-Olivera, P., Gamonal-Limcaoco, S., Lozano-López, M. T., Aguilar, L., Sánchez-Casado, F., &amp; García-Ullán, L. (2022). Prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection in patients with chronic mental disorders: The relevance of dual disorders. Gastroenterologia y hepatologia, S0210-5705(22)00172-8. Braude, M. R., Phan, T., Dev, A., &amp; Sievert, W. (2021). Determinants of Hepatitis C Virus Prevalence in People With Serious Mental Illness: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. The Journal of clinical psychiatry, 83(1), 21r14079.
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Oujdad, S., S. Zafad, H. El Attar, and I. Ben Yahya. "Histiocytose langerhansienne de l’adulte : à propos d’un cas." In 66ème Congrès de la SFCO. EDP Sciences, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/sfco/20206603013.

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L’histiocytose langerhansienne est une maladie rare causée par la prolifération et l’infiltration d’un ou plusieurs organes, par des cellules dendritiques de type Langerhans. Elle s’exprime par des manifestations cliniques extrêmement polymorphes et peut toucher l’os, la peau, l’hypophyse, les poumons, le système nerveux central, et plus rarement le foie et le système digestif. Elle a été initialement décrite chez les enfants. L’histiocytose langerhansienne de l’adulte présente une entité particulière tant par ses manifestations cliniques que par sa prise en charge. Le cas présenté est celui d’un patient âgé de 53ans, en bon état de santé apparent et non fumeur, qui s’est présenté à la consultation pour des lésions nécrotiques et douloureuses des muqueuses gingivales mandibulaires et maxillaires, associées à des mobilités dentaires sévères. L’examen exobuccal ne révélait aucune asymétrie faciale ni adénopathies. L’examen endobuccal confirmait la présence de lésions nécrotiques gingivales et une parodontite sévère au niveau mandibulaire antérieur et maxillaire postérieur. Le secteur maxillaire antérieur présentait un parodonte sain. L’examen radiologique panoramique et Cone Beam CT , révélaient des lyses osseuses moyennes à terminales s’étendant de la 44 à la 38 et au niveau des molaires maxillaires droites et gauches. Les dents antérieures ne présentaient quant à elles pas de lyse. Par ailleurs des images lacunaires à l’emporte pièce siégeaient au niveau du secteur mandibulaire édenté. Ces manifestations évoquaient un lymphome ou une manifestation orale d’une infection virale type VIH. L’examen biologique révélait une légère hyperleucocytose et une augmentation de la vitesse de sédimentation à la première heure. L’examen anatomopathologique des lésions muqueuses, a rapporté la présence d’éléments histiocytaires se regroupant en nodules, concluant en une histiocytose langerhasienne de l’adulte. Le bilan d’extension ne révélait aucune atteinte associée, concluant en une histiocytose localisée. L’étude moléculaire a montré la présence d’une mutation V600E du gène BRAF (Facchetti et al, European journal of pathology, 471(4); 2017). Ce dernier est situé sur le chromosome 7, et il est impliqué dans l’envoi des signaux qui déterminent la croissance cellulaire. L’évolution et le pronostic de cette maladie sont étroitement liés à l’âge et aux organes atteints. Les régressions spontanées ont été rapportées, et peuvent être induites par un curetage ou par une simple biopsie. (Goncalves et al, Biomedical research notes,9(19); 2016) Pour notre cas, les extractions des dents mobiles avec curetage des lésions ont permis une cicatrisation complète. La thérapeutique médicamenteuse peut comprendre une corticothérapie locale ou systémique, des bisphosphonates, voire même une radiothérapie. Par ailleurs la confirmation de la mutation BRAF permet d’oser un traitement spécifique par inhibition de l’enzyme produite par ce gène. (Martıénez et al, Revisita Odontologica Mexicana, 16(2 ); 2012)
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Silva, Vitória Pimentel da, Lucas Immich Gonçalves, Giordani Rodrigues dos Passos, Maísa Kappel, Mayumi Charão, and Jefferson Becker. "Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada Syndrome: case report." In XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.637.

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Context: Red eye complaints are common in medical practice. Trauma, infection and autoimmune disorders are possible causes. It is essential to diagnose early to avoid sequelae. Case report: Female, 58 years old, 30 days of progression of bilateral frontal and retro-orbital headache associated with red eye and decreased visual acuity in both eyes, otalgia and tinnitus in the left ear. No trauma history. She started treatment in another hospital with acyclovir for suspected viral meningitis and was referred for evaluation after 10 days due to the lack of improvement. In our evaluation, the patient had severely impaired visual acuity (counted fingers in the RE and 20/400 in the LE), with uveitis, papilloedema and bilateral serous retinal detachment. Lumbar puncture showed aseptic meningitis (940 leukocytes with 100% lymphocytes, 66 mg/dL proteins, normal glucose and negative evaluation for CSF infections). Laboratory tests showed an increase in inflammatory markers (VSG 121) and positive anti-TPO, with other negative autoantibodies. Brain MRI with subacute retinal detachment, without intracranial lesions. Audiometry with mild to moderate bilateral sensorineural hearing loss. The patient was treated with IV methylprednisolone for 5 days with partial symptom improvement. Conclusion: Among the bilateral uveitis causes, it is crucial to remember Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada Syndrome (VKH), which occurs through bilateral uveitis, sometimes accompanied by retinal detachment, in association with hypochromic skin lesions, sensorineural hearing loss, headache and aseptic meningitis2 . VKH results from an autoimmune lesion in the melanocytes3 . Treatment should be done with topical corticosteroid, associated with cycloplegics and systemic corticosteroid therapy with long-term immunosuppression2.
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Hui, Jie, Pu-Ting Dong, Lijia Liang, et al. "Inhibiting staphylococcus aureus antibiotic resistance via photo-disassembly of membrane microdomains." In Photonic Diagnosis, Monitoring, Prevention, and Treatment of Infections and Inflammatory Diseases 2020, edited by Tianhong Dai, Mei X. Wu, and Jürgen Popp. SPIE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2543045.

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Willis, Jace A., Vsevolod Cheburkanov, Giulia Kassab, Vanderlei S. Bagnato, and Vladislav V. Yakovlev. "MHV-1 in vivo viral load reduction via antibody-conjugated photodynamic inactivation." In Photonic Diagnosis, Monitoring, Prevention, and Treatment of Infections and Inflammatory Diseases 2021, edited by Tianhong Dai, Mei X. Wu, and Jürgen Popp. SPIE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2577893.

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Silva, Thayssa. "Immunossupression murine model to study antiviral resistance emergence during Influenza A infection." In IV International Symposium on Immunobiologicals & VII Seminário Anual Científico e Tecnológico. Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.35259/isi.sact.2019_32862.

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Carnevalli, Ana Clara, Leonardo Leal, Alexandre Scherma, et al. "Identification of diabetic patients via urine analysis by FTIR: preliminary study (Conference Presentation)." In Photonic Diagnosis, Monitoring, Prevention, and Treatment of Infections and Inflammatory Diseases 2019, edited by Tianhong Dai, Mei X. Wu, and Jürgen Popp. SPIE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2510175.

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Zhu, Qianqian, Annibale Panichella, and Andy Zaidman. "Speeding-Up Mutation Testing via Data Compression and State Infection." In 2017 IEEE International Conference on Software Testing, Verification and Validation: Workshops (ICSTW). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icstw.2017.25.

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Souza, Audrien, Lauana Torres, Lyana Lima, et al. "Repurposing Annita® drug against ZIKV infection on Human Placenta and Cervix cells." In IV International Symposium on Immunobiologicals & VII Seminário Anual Científico e Tecnológico. Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.35259/isi.sact.2019_32818.

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Raposo, Jéssica, Rafaela Pinto, Amanda Lopes, et al. "Investigation of active human herpesviruses 6 and 7 infection before and after renal transplantation." In IV International Symposium on Immunobiologicals & VII Seminário Anual Científico e Tecnológico. Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.35259/isi.sact.2019_32830.

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Reports on the topic "Infection à VIH"

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Baszler, Timothy, Igor Savitsky, Christopher Davies, Lauren Staska, and Varda Shkap. Identification of bovine Neospora caninum cytotoxic T-lymphocyte epitopes for development of peptide-based vaccine. United States Department of Agriculture, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7695592.bard.

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The goal of the one-year feasibility study was to identify specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) epitopes to Neosporacaninum in the natural bovine host in order to make progress toward developing an effective peptide-based vaccine against bovine neosporosis. We tested the hypothesis that: N. caninum SRS2 peptides contain immunogenicCTLepitope clusters cross-presented by multiple bovine MHC-I and MHC-IIhaplotypes. The specific objectives were: (1) Map bovine CTLepitopes of N. caninum NcSRS-2 and identify consensus MHC-I and class-II binding motifs; and (2) Determine if subunit immunization with peptides containing N. caninum-specificCTLepitopes cross-reactive to multiple bovine MHChaplotypes induces a CTL response in cattle with disparate MHChaplotypes. Neosporosis is a major cause of infectious abortion and congenital disease in cattle, persisting in cattle herds via vertical transmission.5 N. caninum abortions are reported in Israel; a serological survey of 52 Israeli dairy herds with reported abortions indicated a 31% infection rate in cows and 16% infection rate in aborted fetuses.9,14 Broad economic loss due to bovine neosporosis is estimated at $35,000,000 per year in California, USA, and $100,000,000 (Australian) per year in Australia and New Zealand.13 Per herd losses in a Canadian herd of 50 cattle are estimated more conservatively at $2,305 (Canadian) annually.4 Up to date practical measures to reduce losses from neosporosis in cattle have not been achieved. There is no chemotherapy available and, although progress has been made toward understanding immunity to Neospora infections, no efficacious vaccine is available to limit outbreaks or prevent abortions. Vaccine development to prevent N. caninum abortion and congenital infection remains a high research priority. To this end, our research group has over the past decade: 1) Identified the importance of T-lymphocyte-mediated immunity, particularly IFN-γ responses, as necessary for immune protection to congenital neosporosis in mice,1,2,10,11 and 2) Identified MHC class II restricted CD4+ CTL in Neosporainfected Holstein cattle,16 and 3) Identified NcSRS2 as a highly conserved surface protein associated with immunity to Neospora infections in mice and cattle.7,8,15 In this BARD-funded 12 month feasibility study, we continued our study of Neospora immunity in cattle and successfully completed T-lymphocyte epitope mapping of NcSRS2 surface protein with peptides and bovine immune cells,15 fulfilling objective 1. We also documented the importance of immune responses NcSRS2 by showing that immunization with native NcSRS2 reduces congenital Neospora transmission in mice,7 and that antibodies to NcSRS2 specifically inhibition invasion of placental trophoblasts.8 Most importantly we showed that T-lymphocyte responses similar to parasite infection, namely induction of activated IFN-γ secreting Tlymphocytes, could be induced by subunit immunization with NcSRS2 peptides containing the Neospora-specificCTLepitopes (Baszler et al, In preparation) fulfilling objective 2. Both DNA and peptide-based subunit approaches were tested. Only lipopeptide-based NcSRS2 subunits, modified with N-terminal linked palmitic acid to enhance Toll-like receptors 2 and 1 (TLR2-TLR1), stimulated robust antigen-specific T-lymphocyte proliferation, IFN-γ secretion, and serum antibody production across different MHC-IIhaplotypes. The discovery of MHC-II cross-reactive T-cellinducing parasite peptides capable of inducing a potentially protective immune response following subunit immunization in cattle is of significant practical importance to vaccine development to bovine neosporosis. In addition, our findings are more widely applicable in future investigations of protective T-cell, subunit-based immunity against other infectious diseases in outbred cattle populations.
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Barberio, Joseph, Jacob Becraft, Zied Ben Chaouch, et al. Accelerating Vaccine Innovation for Emerging Infectious Diseases via Parallel Discovery. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w30126.

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Splitter, Gary A., Menachem Banai, and Jerome S. Harms. Brucella second messenger coordinates stages of infection. United States Department of Agriculture, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2011.7699864.bard.

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Aim 1: To determine levels of this second messenger in: a) B. melitensiscyclic-dimericguanosinemonophosphate-regulating mutants (BMEI1448, BMEI1453, and BMEI1520), and b) B. melitensis16M (wild type) and mutant infections of macrophages and immune competent mice. (US lab primary) Aim 2: To determine proteomic differences between Brucelladeletion mutants BMEI1453 (high cyclic-dimericguanosinemonophosphate, chronic persistent state) and BMEI1520 (low cyclicdimericguanosinemonophosphate, acute virulent state) compared to wild type B. melitensisto identify the role of this second messenger in establishing the two polar states of brucellosis. (US lab primary with synergistic assistance from the Israel lab Aim 3: Determine the level of Brucellacyclic-dimericguanosinemonophosphate and transcriptional expression from naturally infected placenta. (Israel lab primary with synergistic assistance from the US lab). B. Background Brucellaspecies are Gram-negative, facultative intracellular bacterial pathogens that cause brucellosis, the most prevalent zoonosis worldwide. Brucellosis is characterized by increased abortion, weak offspring, and decreased milk production in animals. Humans are infected with Brucellaby consuming contaminated milk products or via inhalation of aerosolized bacteria from occupational hazards. Chronic human infections can result in complications such as liver damage, orchitis, endocarditis, and arthritis. Brucellaspp. have the ability to infect both professional and non-professional phagocytes. Because of this, Brucellaencounter varied environments both throughout the body and within a cell and must adapt accordingly. To date, few virulence factors have been identified in B. melitensisand even less is known about how these virulence factors are regulated. Subsequently, little is known about how Brucellaadapt to its rapidly changing environments, and how it alternates between acute and chronic virulence. Our studies suggest that decreased concentrations of cyclic dimericguanosinemonophosphate (c-di-GMP) lead to an acute virulent state and increased concentrations of c-di-GMP lead to persistent, chronic state of B. melitensisin a mouse model of infection. We hypothesize that B. melitensisuses c-di-GMP to transition from the chronic state of an infected host to the acute, virulent stage of infection in the placenta where the bacteria prepare to infect a new host. Studies on environmental pathogens such as Vibrio choleraeand Pseudomonas aeruginosasupport a mechanism where changes in c-di-GMP levels cause the bacterium to alternate between virulent and chronic states. Little work exists on understanding the role of c-di-GMP in dangerous intracellular pathogens, like Brucellathat is a frequent pathogen in Israeli domestic animals and U.S. elk and bison. Brucellamust carefully regulate virulence factors during infection of a host to ensure proper expression at appropriate times in response to host cues. Recently, the novel secondary signaling molecule c-di-GMP has been identified as a major component of bacterial regulation and we have identified c-di-GMP as an important signaling factor in B. melitensishost adaptation. C. Major conclusions, solutions, achievements 1. The B. melitensis1453 deletion mutant has increased c-di-GMP, while the 1520 deletion mutant has decreased c-di-GMP. 2. Both mutants grow similarly in in vitro cultures; however, the 1453 mutant has a microcolony phenotype both in vitro and in vivo 3. The 1453 mutant has increased crystal violet staining suggesting biofilm formation. 4. Scanning electron microscopy revealed an abnormal coccus appearance with in increased cell area. 5. Proteomic analysis revealed the 1453 mutant possessed increased production of proteins involved in cell wall processes, cell division, and the Type IV secretion system, and a decrease in proteins involved in amino acid transport/metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, fatty acid production, and iron acquisition suggesting less preparedness for intracellular survival. 6. RNAseq analysis of bone marrow derived macrophages infected with the mutants revealed the host immune response is greatly reduced with the 1453 mutant infection. These findings support that microlocalization of proteins involved in c-di-GMP homeostasis serve a second messenger to B. melitensisregulating functions of the bacteria during infection of the host.
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Bates, Paul. Developing a System for Directed Gene Introduction into Mammary Gland Via Targeted Infection of Retrovirus Receptor Transgenics. Defense Technical Information Center, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada301604.

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Dolja, Valerian V., Amit Gal-On, and Victor Gaba. Suppression of Potyvirus Infection by a Closterovirus Protein. United States Department of Agriculture, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7580682.bard.

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The plant virus family Polyviridae is the largest and most destructive of all plant viruses. Despite the continuous effort to develop resistant plant varieties, there is a desperate need for novel approaches conferring wide-range potyvirus resistance. Based on experiments with the tobacco etch potyvirus (TEV)-derived gene expression vector, we suggested approach for screening of the candidate resistance genes. This approach relies on insertion of the genes into a virus vector and evaluation of the phenotypes of the resulting recombinant viruses. The genes which suppress infection by the recombinant virus are selected as candidates for engineering transgenic resistance. Our analysis of the TEV variants expressing proteins of the beet yellows closterovirus (BYV) revealed that one of those, the leader proteinase (L-Pro), strongly and specifically interfered with the hybrid TEV infection. Since closterovirus L-Pro is evolutionary related to potyviral helper component-proteinase (HC-Pro), we suggested that the L-Pro interfered with HC-Pro function via a trans-dominant inhibitory effect. Based on these findings, we proposed to test two major hypotheses. First, we suggested that L-Pro-mediated suppression of potyvirus infection is a general phenomenon effective against a range of potyviruses. The second hypothesis stated that the suppression effect can be reproduced in transgenic plants expressing L-Pro, and can be utilized for generation of resistance to potyviruses. In accord with these hypotheses, we developed two original objectives of our proposal: A) to determine the range of the closterovirus-derived suppression of potyviral infection, and B) to try and utilize the L-Pro-mediated suppression for the development of transgenic resistance to potyviruses. In the first phase of the project, we have developed all major tools and technologies required for successful completion of the proposed research. These included TEV and ZYMV vectors engineered to express several closteroviral L-Pro variants, and generation of the large collection of transgenic plants. To our satisfaction, characterization of the infection phenotypes exhibited by chimeric TEV and ZYMV variants confirmed our first hypothesis. For instance, similar to TEV-L- Pro(BYV) chimera, ZYMV-L-Pro(LIYV) chimera was debilitated in its systemic spread. In contrast, ZYMV-GUS chimera (positive control) was competent in establishing vigorous systemic infection. These and other results with chimeric viruses indicated that several closteroviral proteinases inhibit long-distance movement of the potyviruses upon co-expression in infected plants. In order to complete the second objective, we have generated ~90 tobacco lines transformed with closteroviral L-Pro variants, as well as ~100 lines transformed with BYV Hsp70-homolog (Hsp70h; a negative control). The presence and expression of the trans gene in each line was initially confirmed using RT-PCR and RNA preparations isolated from plants. However, since detection of the trans gene-specific RNA can not guarantee production of the corresponding protein, we have also generated L-Pro- and Hsp70h-specific antisera using corresponding synthetic peptides. These antisera allowed us to confirm that the transgenic plant lines produced detectable, although highly variable levels of the closterovirus antigens. In a final phase of the project, we tested susceptibility of the transgenic lines to TEV infection. To this end, we determined that the minimal dilution of the TEV inoculum that is still capable of infecting 100% of nontransgenic plants was 1:20, and used 10 plants per line (in total, ~2,000 plants). Unfortunately, none of the lines exhibited statistically significant reduction in susceptibility. Although discouraging, this outcome prompted us to expand our experimental plan and conduct additional experiments. Our aim was to test if closteroviral proteinases are capable of functioning in trans. We have developed agroinfection protocol for BYV, and tested if co- expression of the L-Pro is capable of rescuing corresponding null-mutant. The clear-cut, negative results of these experiments demonstrated that L-Pro acts only in cis, thus explaining the lack of resistance in our transgenic plants. We have also characterized a collection of the L-Pro alanine- scanning mutants and found direct genetic evidence of the requirement for L-Pro in virus systemic spread. To conclude, our research supported by BARD confirmed one but not another of our original hypotheses. Moreover, it provided an important insight into functional specialization of the viral proteinases and generated set of tools and data with which we will be able to address the molecular mechanisms by which these proteins provide a variety of critical functions during virus life cycle.
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Vecherin, Sergey, Derek Chang, Emily Wells, et al. Assessment of the COVID-19 infection risk at a workplace through stochastic microexposure modeling. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/43740.

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The COVID-19 pandemic has a significant impact on economy. Decisions regarding the reopening of businesses should account for infection risks. This paper describes a novel model for COVID-19 infection risks and policy evaluations. The model combines the best principles of the agent-based, microexposure, and probabilistic modeling approaches. It takes into account specifics of a workplace, mask efficiency, and daily routines of employees, but does not require specific interagent rules for simulations. Likewise, it does not require knowledge of microscopic disease related parameters. Instead, the risk of infection is aggregated into the probability of infection, which depends on the duration and distance of every contact. The probability of infection at the end of a workday is found using rigorous probabilistic rules. Unlike previous models, this approach requires only a few reference data points for calibration, which are more easily collected via empirical studies. The application of the model is demonstrated for a typical office environment and for a real-world case. The proposed model allows for effective risk assessment and policy evaluation when there are large uncertainties about the disease, making it particularly suitable for COVID-19 risk assessments.
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Yogev, David, Ricardo Rosenbusch, Sharon Levisohn, and Eitan Rapoport. Molecular Pathogenesis of Mycoplasma bovis and Mycoplasma agalactiae and its Application in Diagnosis and Control. United States Department of Agriculture, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7573073.bard.

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Mycoplasma bovis and M. agalactiae are two phylogenetically related mycoplasmas which cause economically significant diseases in their respective bovine or small ruminant hosts. These organisms cause persistent asymptomatic infections that can result in severe outbreaks upon introduction of carrier animals into susceptible herds. Little is known about the mechanisms underlying mycoplasma-host interaction, variation in virulence, or of the factors enabling avoidance of the host immune system. In recent years it has become apparent that the ability of pathogenic microorganisms to rapidly alter surface antigenic structures and to fine tune their antigenicity, a phenomena called antigenic variation, is one of the most effective strategies used to escape immune destruction and to establish chronic infections. Our discovery of a novel genetic system, mediating antigenic variation in M. bovis (vsp) as well as in M. agalactiae (avg) served as a starting point for our proposal which included the following objectives: (i) Molecular and functional characterization of the variable surface lipoproteins (Vsp) system of M. bovis and comparison with the Vsp-counterpart in M. agalactiae (ii) Determination of the role of Vsp proteins in the survival of M. bovis when confronted by host defense factors, (iii) Assessment of Vsp-based genetic and antigenic typing of M. bovis and M. agalactiae for epidemiology of infection and (iv) Improvement of diagnostic tests for M. bovis and M. agalactiae based on the vsp-and vsp-analogous systems. We have carried out an extensive molecular characterization of the vsp system and unravelled the precise molecular mechanism responsible for the generation of surface antigenic variation in M. bovis. Our data clearly demonstrated that the two pathogenic mycoplasma species possess large gene families encoding variable lipoprotein antigens that apparently play an important role in immune evasion and in pathogen-host interaction during infection. Phase variable production of these antigens was found to be mediated by a novel molecular mechanism utilizing double site-specific DNA inversions via an intermediate vsp configuration. Studies in model systems indicate that phase variation of VspA is relevant in interaction between M. bovis and macrophages or monocytes, a crucial stage in pathogenesis. Using an ELISA test with captured VspA as an antigen, phase variation was shown to occur in vivo and under field conditions. Genomic rearrangements in the avg gene family of M. agalactiae were shown to occur in vivo and may well have a role in evasion of host defences and establishment of chronic infection. An epidemiological study indicated that patterns of vsp-related antigenic variation diverge rapidly in an M. bovis infected herd. Marked divergence was also found with avg-based genomic typing of M. agalactiae in chronically infected sheep. However, avg-genomic fingerprints were found to be relatively homogeneous in different animals during acute stages of an outbreak of Contagious Agalactiae, and differ between unrelated outbreaks. These data support the concept of vsp-based genomic typing but indicate the necessity for further refinement of the methodology. The molecular knowledge on these surface antigens and their encoding genes provides the basis for generating specific recombinant tools and serological methods for serodiagnosis and epidemiological purposes. Utilization of these methods in the field may allow differentiating acutely infected herds from chronic herds and disease-free herds. In addition the highly immunogenic nature of these lipoproteins may facilitate the design of protective vaccine against mycoplasma infections.
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Osburn, Bennie, Marius Ianconescu, Geoffrey Akita, and Rozalia Kaufman. Rapid, Sensitive Bluetongue Virus Serogroup and Serotype Detection Using Polymerase Chain Reaction. United States Department of Agriculture, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7612836.bard.

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The objectives of this proposal were to enhance animal health by 1) development of a BTV serogroup diagnostic assay using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and 2) development of a BTV serotype specific diagnostic PCR assay. A PCR assay for diagnosis of bluetongue virus (BTV) serogroup from clinical samples meeting the criteria of objective 1 was developed. This PCR assay is more sensitive than virus isolation and has been adopted by both the U.S. and Israeli collaborating laboratories of this project, as well as at least one other U.S. laboratory for routine diagnosis of BTV infection in ruminants. The basic BTV PCR protocol has also become an essential tool in BTV molecular research in both collaborating laboratories. During development of the BTV serotype specific PCR we had the opportunity to investigate a nationwide outbreak of abortions and fatal disease in dogs in the U.S. purportedly due to BTV infection via a BTV contaminated canine vaccine. The BTV serogroup PCR was integral in confirming BTV in tissues from affected dogs and in lots of the suspect vaccine. This led to the first published report of BTV infection in dogs. We discovered that BTV can produce silent persistent infection in canine cell culture. This indicated a need for more stringent screening of biologics for occult BTV infection. A novel mixed cell culture method was developed to identify occult BTV and other occult viral infection cell cultures. Serotype specific primers for PCR detection of all U.S. BTV serotypes and two Israel serotypes (BTV-2 and 10) have been evaluated and are available. A subsequent collaboration would logically include sequencing of the L2 genes of Israel BTV-4, 6 and 16, allowing incorporation of these Israel BTV serotypes into a multiplex PCR assay.
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Wang, Xiao, Hong Shen, Yujie Liang, Yixin Wang, Meiqi Zhang, and Hongtao Ma. Effects of physical activity interventions for post-COVID-19 patients: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.5.0036.

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Review question / Objective: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a novel infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which has caused a huge impact in many countries and has attracted great attention from countries around the world. However, since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, most attention has focused on containing transmission and addressing the surge of critically ill patients in acute care settings. As we enter the second phase of the pandemic, emphasis must evolve to post care of COVID-19 survivors. A variety of persistent symptoms, such as severe fatigue, shortness of breath, and attention disorder have been reported at several months after the onset of the infection. We urgently need to identify safe and effective COVID-19 rehabilitative strategies. Overwhelming evidence exists that physical activity produces short-, middle- and long-term health benefits that prevent, delay, mitigate and even reverse a large number of metabolic, pulmonary and cardiovascular diseases. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of physical activity interventions for rehabilitation of post-covid-19 patient and provide a reliable method and credible evidence to improve the prognosis of post-COVID-19 patients via systematic review and meta-analysis.
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Faverjon, Céline, Angus Cameron, and Marco De Nardi. Modelling framework to quantify the risk of AMR exposure via food products - example of chicken and lettuce. Food Standards Agency, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.qum110.

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Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a complex issue where microorganisms survive antimicrobial treatments, making such infections more difficult to treat. It is a global threat to public health. To increase the evidence base for AMR in the food chain, the FSA has funded several projects to collect data to monitor the trends, prevalence, emergence, spread and decline of AMR bacteria in a range of retail foods in the UK. However, this data and information from the wider literature was yet to be used to create tools to aid in the production of quantitative risk assessment to determine the risk to consumers of AMR in the food chain. To assist with this, there was a need to develop a set of modular templates of risk of AMR within foods. This sought to allow the efficient creation of reproducible risk assessments of AMR to maintain the FSA at the forefront of food safety.
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