Academic literature on the topic 'Infection percentage'
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Journal articles on the topic "Infection percentage"
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Hassan, Mohammed. "Detection of bacterial agents associated with appendicitis At Al-Nassyriah city." University of Thi-Qar Journal of Science 5, no. 3 (2015): 52–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.32792/utq/utjsci/v5i3.163.
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The present study was include examination of the content of 100 surgical removed appendices for identify thebacteria found in flamed appendix cavity. The study recorded infection percentage by intestinal bacteria reached 83%, fecalith 6% and body foreign 2%. The results showed that the single infection percentage was 77% included infection of Esherichia coli, Bacteroides sp, Pseudomonas sp, Lactobacillus sp, Staphylococcus auerus, Salmonella sp, Proteus sp, Klebsiella sp and Yersinia sp by percentages (33%, 15%, 11%, 7%. 4%, 2%, 2%, 2%, 1%) respectively. Dual infection percentage (6%) included infection of Esherichia coli+ Bacteroides sp, Esherichia coli+ Salmonella sp, Pseudomonas sp+ Lactobacillus sp by percentages were (3%, 2%, 1%) respectively.
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Al-Ammash, Maroof S. Juma. "Study on prevalences of Entameoba histolytica & Giardia lamblia in Samarra city." Kufa Journal For Veterinary Medical Sciences 6, no. 2 (2015): 194–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.36326/kjvs/2015/v6i23981.
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This study was done during the period from October-2014 to end of March-2015, to study the prevalence of Entameoba histolytica & Giardia lamblia among patients with diarrhea. The number of examined samples of feces was 304. These samples taken from patients complain from diarrhea those attending General Hospital of Samarra & some Primary Health Care Centers, at the age of infant to 50 years. These samples examined by Direct wet film preparation (by using Normal saline & Lugol s iodine solution) & Examination of Sedment. The results of existing study as follow:The percentage of total infection of intestinal parasites during this study showed that the number of males slightly more than females. Nonsignificant differences found among percentage of total infection of intestinal parasites under study, while significant differences found among patients lives in rural & urban area. High prevalence of parasitic infection was occurred in Winter. Significant differences found among percentages of total infection of intestinal parasites in different ages. High significant differences found among the total percentage of parasitic infection according to family numbers, while nonsignificant differences found between two parasites. Significant differences found among the total percentage of parasitic infections according to source of drink water, while nonsignificant differences found between two parasites.
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Fulkerson, Daniel H., Ahilan Sivaganesan, Jason D. Hill, et al. "Progression of cerebrospinal fluid cell count and differential over a treatment course of shunt infection." Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics 8, no. 6 (2011): 613–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2011.8.peds11236.
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Object The physiological reaction of CSF white blood cells (WBCs) over the course of treating a shunt infection is undefined. The authors speculated that the CSF WBC count varies with different infecting organisms in peak level and differential percentage of polymorphonuclear (PMN) leukocytes, lymphocytes, monocytes, and eosinophils. The authors hope to identify clinically useful trends in the progression of CSF WBCs by analyzing a large group of patients with successfully treated shunt infections. Methods The authors reviewed 105 successfully treated cases of shunt infections at Riley Hospital for Children. The study dates ranged from 2000 to 2004; this represented a period prior to the routine use of antibiotic-impregnated shunt catheters. They analyzed the following organisms: coagulase-negative staphylococci, Staphylococcus aureus, Propionibacterium acnes, Streptococcal species, and gram-negative organisms. The initial CSF sample at diagnosis was analyzed, as were levels over 14 days of treatment. Model fitting was performed to generate curves for the expected progression of the WBC counts and the differential PMN leukocytes, lymphocyte, monocyte, and eosinophil percentages. Results Gram-negative organisms resulted in a higher initial (p = 0.03) and peak WBC count with a greater differential of PMN leukocytes compared with other organisms. Propionibacterium acnes infections were associated with a significantly lower WBC count and PMN leukocytes percentage (p = 0.02) and higher eosinophil percentage (p = 0.002) than other organisms. The pattern progression of the CSF WBC count and differential percentages was consistent for all infections. There was an initial predominance of PMN leukocytes, followed by a delayed peak of lymphocytes, monocytes, and eosinophils over a 14-day course. All values trended toward zero over the treatment course. Conclusions The initial and peak levels of CSF WBCs vary with the infecting organisms. The CSF cell counts showed a predictable pattern during the treatment of shunt infection. These trends may be useful to the physician in clinical decision making, although there is a wide range of variability.
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Nadifah, Fitri, Desto Arisandi, and Nurlaili Farida Muhajir. "Helminth Infection of Children in Ngemplak Seneng Village Klaten." Journal of Health 3, no. 1 (2016): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.30590/vol3-no1-p14-18.
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Helminth infection remains one of health problems of Indonesian people for years. The tropical condition of Indonesian climates with high level humidity has believed to be the one of factors that increase the number of this infection cases. Based of many studies, the number of helminth infections is related to the poor of hygiene and sanitation. This study is conducted to know the percentages of helminth infections among 0-14 years old children in Dusun Ngemplak, Desa Ngemplak Seneng, Klaten and also their personal hygiene with questionaire instruments. To know helminth infection in subjects, we examine faeces sample with simple method and 1% eosin dye. As the results of examination, we found Trichuris trichiura egg in three samples. This might related to the poor of their hygienic behaviors. Some of the behavior such as wash hand before eating and after defecation, use sandal or shoes when playing, consume helminthic drug for last 6 months, and defecate in toilet has shown percentage under 70%. Other behaviors such as cutting and cleaning nails and use a spoon when eating has shown percentage above 70%.
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Su, R., and C. Wang. "AB0661 CHANGES OF LYMPHOCYTE SUBSETS IN CONNECTIVE TISSUE DISEASE(CTD) WITH DIFFERENT TYPES OF PATHOGEN BLOODSTREAM INFECTIONS." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 82, Suppl 1 (2023): 1533.2–1533. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2023-eular.785.
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BackgroundThe underlying cause of autoimmune diseases is not known,infections, especially viral infections, is thought to be a possible reason[1].Disorder of CD4+T cells have been linked to autoimmunity, they are key players in various autoimmune diseases but are also crucial for immunity against different infections[2]. However, the immune response status of different types of infections in the context of autoimmune diseases is poorly understood.ObjectivesTo evaluate the differences of lymphocyte subsets in connective tissue disease(CTD) with different types of pathogen bloodstream infections.MethodsWe analyzed 40 CTD patients with bloodstream infections, including 11 with virus infections,7 with fungal infections,13 with Gram negative bacteria infections(G- infection), 9 with Gram positive bacteria infections(G+infection), and 10 newly diagnosed CTD patients without co-infection were included as controls.The percentage and absolute numbers of lymphocyte phenotypes and CD4+ T subsets in peripheral blood were examined by flow cytometry.ResultsThere were no significant difference in the percentage and absolute value of T,B,NK,CD4+T,CD8+T cells in different types of infection groups and no-infection group. Among comparison of the CD4+T subsets, the percentage of Th2 in the fungal infection was decreased than G- infection group and no-infection group,while the G- infection was increased than G+infection,and the virus infection was increased than fungal infection. The percentage of Th1,Th17 and Treg had no significant difference between different groups. Whereas for the absolute value comparison, the absolute value of Treg cells in the virus infection was higher than the fungal infection,G- infection and G+ infection, meanwhile the the fungal infection was obvious lower than no infection group. But there was no significant difference in Th1 and 17 among all groups.ConclusionDifferent types of pathgen blood may lead to development of specific immunological dysbalance,especially in the case of autoimmune disease hosts. CTD patients with fungal infection had lower Th2 response, higher Treg cells may be a characteristic of CTD combined with virus infection compare with other types of infection.References[1]Bjornevik K, Cortese M, Healy BC, Kuhle J, Mina MJ, Leng Y, Elledge SJ, Niebuhr DW, Scher AI, Munger KL, Ascherio A. Longitudinal analysis reveals high prevalence of Epstein-Barr virus associated with multiple sclerosis. Science. 2022 Jan 21;375(6578):296-301.[2]Quaglia M, Merlotti G, De Andrea M, Borgogna C, Cantaluppi V. Viral Infections and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: New Players in an Old Story. Viruses. 2021,13(2):277.Figure 1.The comparsion about the lymphocyte subsets in different CTD groups.(*p<0.05,**p<0.001).G- infection: Gram negative bacteria infections.G+ infection:Gram positive bacteria infections.Disclosure of InterestsNone declared
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Meyer, Elisabeth, Frank Schwab, Petra Gastmeier, Daniel Jonas, Henning Rueden, and Franz D. Daschner. "Methicillin-ResistantStaphylococcus aureusin German Intensive Care Units During 2000-2003: Data from Project SARI (Surveillance of Antimicrobial Use and Antimicrobial Resistance in Intensive Care Units)." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 27, no. 2 (2006): 146–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/500619.
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Objectives.The objective of this study was to analyze methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) percentages (defined as the percentage ofS. aureusisolates that are resistant to methicillin) and antimicrobial consumption in intensive care units (ICUs) participating in Project SARI (Surveillance of Antimicrobial Use and Antimicrobial Resistance in Intensive Care Units), to look for temporal changes in MRSA percentages and antimicrobial consumption in individual ICUs as an indicator of the impact of an active surveillance system, and to investigate the differences between ICUs with increased MRSA percentages versus those with decreased percentages during a period of 3 years (2001-2003).Methods.This was a prospective, ICU-based and laboratory-based surveillance study involving 38 German ICUs during 2000-2003. Antimicrobial use was reported in terms of defined daily doses (DDDs) per 1,000 patient-days. Temporal changes in the MRSA percentage and antimicrobial use in individual ICUs were calculated by means of the Wilcoxon signed rank test. The incidence density of nosocomial MRSA infection was defined as the number of nosocomial MRSA infections per 1,000 patient-days.Results.From February 2000 through December 2003, a total of 38 ICUs reported data on 499,694 patient-days and 9,552S. aureusisolates, including 2,249 MRSA isolates and 660,029 DDDs of antimicrobials. Cumulative MRSA percentages ranged from 0% to 64.4%, with a mean of 23.6%. The MRSA incidence density ranged from 0 to 38.2 isolates per 1,000 patient-days, with a mean of 2.77 isolates per 1,000 patient-days. There was a positive correlation between MRSA percentage and imipenem and ciprofloxacin use (P<.05). Overall, comparison of data from 2001 with data from 2003 showed that MRSA percentages increased in 18 ICUs (median increase, 13.2% [range, 1.6%-38.4%]) and decreased in 14 ICUs (median decrease, 12% [range, 1.0%-48.4%]). Increased use of third-generation cephalosporins, glycopeptides, or aminoglycosides correlated significantly with an increase in the MRSA percentage (P<.05). The cumulative nosocomial MRSA infection incidence density for 141 ICUs that did not participate in SARI and, therefore, did not receive feedback increased from 0.26 to 0.35 infections per 1,000 patient-days during a 3-year period, whereas the rate in SARI ICUs decreased from 0.63 to 0.40 infections per 1,000 patient-days.Conclusion.The MRSA situation in German ICUs is still heterogeneous. Because MRSA percentages range from 0% to 64.4%, further studies are required to confirm findings that no change in the MRSA percentage and a decrease in the nosocomial MRSA infection incidence density in SARI ICUs reflect the impact of an active surveillance system.
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Khalaf, Waad, and Manal Hasan. "Diagnostic Study of Nematodes in Cattle in Mosul city." Al-Anbar Journal of Veterinary Sciences 12, no. 1 (2019): 142–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.37940/ajvs.2019.12.1.15.
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The present study was arranged to investigate the existence of different species of Nematodes which infect the cattle thorough an examination of 484 faecal samples which were collected randomly from Mosul city and around regions of it, during the period from October 2011 to June 2012 and determination infection severity of them. The total percentage of infection with Nematodes was 23.34%. The significant variations in percentages of infection were recorded according to months of study. The highest percentage was in December 42.10% and the lowest in February at 2.63%. In this study were diagnosed 13 genera of Nematodes, most of them Haemonchus spp. and Ostertagia spp. In the estimation of infection severity with Nematodes, significant variations were showed among the light infection with both of moderate and severe infection and the highest percentage of light has accomplished to 67.25% and the lowest in moderate infection was 11.50%.
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Wojczyk, Marek, Ewa Niewiadomska, and Małgorzata Kowalska. "The Incidence Proportion of SARS-CoV-2 Infections and the Percentage of Deaths among Infected Healthcare Workers in Poland." Journal of Clinical Medicine 12, no. 11 (2023): 3714. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm12113714.
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(1) Background: The incidence proportion of SARS-CoV-2 infection among healthcare workers (HCWs) in Poland is not exactly known. This study aims to present secondary epidemiological data identifying the scale of the spread of novel coronavirus infection and the estimation of vaccination coverage in selected professional groups of HCWs in Poland. (2) Methods: The secondary epidemiological data included both the number of infections and infection fatality rate (IFR) in individual occupational groups, which occurred throughout the observation period (January 2021–July 2022), both in the country and in individual voivodeship (administrative area). (3) Results: The incidence proportion of SARS-CoV-2 infections among HCWs was 16.48%. The highest percentage of infected workers concerned laboratory scientists (21.62%) and paramedics (18%). The highest frequency of infections among HCWs occurred in the province of Zachodnio-Pomorskie (18.9%). Due to COVID-19, 558 healthcare workers died during the analysed period, mostly nurses (n = 236) and doctors (n = 200). The results regarding the vaccination coverage of HCWs against COVID-19 indicate the highest percentage of vaccinated were among doctors (83.63%) and the lowest among physiotherapists (38.2%). (4) Conclusions: In general, the percentage of infections was high in Poland during the pandemic (16.48%). Significant territorial differences were observed in the frequency of infections, deaths, and percentage of vaccinated workers in individual voivodeships.
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Vandormael, Alain, Tulio de Oliveira, Frank Tanser, Till Bärnighausen, and Joshua T. Herbeck. "High percentage of undiagnosed HIV cases within a hyperendemic South African community: a population-based study." Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 72, no. 2 (2017): 168–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech-2017-209713.
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BackgroundUndiagnosed HIV infections could undermine efforts to reverse the global AIDS epidemic by 2030. In this study, we estimated the percentage of HIV-positive persons who remain undiagnosed within a hyperendemic South African community.MethodsThe data come from a population-based surveillance system located in the Umkhanyakude district of the northern KwaZulu-Natal province, South Africa. We annually tested 38 661 adults for HIV between 2005 and 2016. Using the HIV-positive test results of 12 039 (31%) participants, we then back-calculated the incidence of infection and derived the number of undiagnosed cases from this result.ResultsThe percentage of undiagnosed HIV cases decreased from 29.3% in 2005 to 15.8% in 2011. During this period, however, approximately 50% of the participants refused to test for HIV, which lengthened the average time from infection to diagnosis. Consequently, the percentage of undiagnosed HIV cases reversed direction and steadily increased from 16.1% to 18.9% over the 2012–2016 period.ConclusionsResults from this hyperendemic South African setting show that the HIV testing rate is low, with long infection times, and an unsatisfactorily high percentage of undiagnosed cases. A high level of repeat HIV testing is needed to minimise the time from infection to diagnosis if the global AIDS epidemic is to be reversed within the next two decades.
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Jaaed, A. A., and T. A. Farhan. "Detection of Alternaria Species that Causing Tomato Leaf Spot Disease and Testing its Pathogenicity." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1449, no. 1 (2025): 012049. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1449/1/012049.
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Abstract This research aimed of diagnosing isolates of Alternaria spp fungi both morphologically and molecularly, and testing their pathogenicity in the laboratory and field. Results from sample collection from different areas of Iraq (Anbar - Baghdad - Basra - Karbala) indicated that Alternaria leaf spot disease on tomatoes is widely spread across all collection samples. The results of morphological diagnosis showed the presence of seven isolates belonging to Alternaria spp, three of which were molecularly identified using (PCR) technique. These were identified as Alternaria solani (Basra - Al-Zubair), Alternaria alternata (Baghdad - Al-Rashid), and Alternaria alternata (Karbala - Al-Husseiniya). These isolates were deposited in the gene bank under the following numbers: PP858983, PP858982, and PP858984, respectively. The results of testing the Alternaria spp fungal isolates on Water Agar medium in the laboratory showed that the Alternaria alternata isolate from (Baghdad - Al-Rashid) achieved an infection rate of 95%, followed by Alternaria solani from (Basra - Al-Zubair), which achieved an infection rate of 92.5%. All tested isolates significantly outperformed in causing infections compared with not contaminated with any isolates and had an infection rate of 0.0%. The same isolates also showed significant superiority in infecting tomato saplings in the field, with the isolate from (Baghdad - Al-Rashid) recording the highest percentage and severity of infection at 57.00% and 91.6%, respectively. The other isolates also demonstrated significant superiority in infection percentage and severity compared with uncontaminated treatment, which had an infection percentage and severity of 0.0% for both.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Infection percentage"
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O'Callaghan, Erin Theresa. "Cognitive Functioning, Immune Functioning, and Disease Progression in Perinatally Infected HIV+ School-Aged Children on Highly Active Anti Retroviral Therapy." Scholarly Repository, 2007. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_dissertations/11.
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This study is one of the only investigations to examine the complex inter-relationships between immune status, cognitive functioning, and disease progression in school-aged, perinatally infected, HIV+ children on HAART over time and is the first to conduct long-term follow-up assessments beyond one year after initiating HAART. Previous research has shown that HIV+ children on HAART show stability in cognitive functioning for up to one year. The current study investigated cognitive functioning, as measured by the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children -III, as a function of immune functioning and disease progression over time in this sample. Overall, results showed that PIQ scores remained stable over the three time points. However, further analyses demonstrated that poorer immune status, as measured by CD4% <25, at the first time point significantly predicted lower Performance IQ (PIQ)scores and PIQ subtest scores at the third time point, even after controlling for covariates. Similarly, additional analyses revealed that PIQ scores significantly declined over time as a function of CD4% category at the first time point. Finally, scores on the PIQ, Verbal IQ (VIQ), Coding, Picture Arrangement, Symbol Search, and Arithmetic at the first time point were all significant predictors of more advanced disease progression, as measured by CDC C classification at follow-up. The clinical relevance of this study and recommendations for future research in this area are discussed
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Saramago, João Manuel Gouveia. "Contribuição para a determinação de infeção por Cryptosporidium spp. em vitelos de explorações de carne das sub-regiões do Alentejo Central e Litoral." Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/19317.
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Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária<br>A criptosporidiose é uma zoonose difundida por todo o mundo e é provocada por protozoários
pertencentes ao género Cryptosporidium que têm a capacidade de infetar mamíferos, aves,
répteis, anfíbios e peixes. A via de transmissão do parasita é fecal-oral podendo ocorrer de
forma direta através do contacto com fezes provenientes de animais portadores ou de forma
indireta através do contacto com superfícies, águas ou alimentos contaminados com oocistos
esporulados. Os vitelos infetam-se nos primeiros dias de vida, sendo estes os principais
responsáveis pela perpetuação da doença nas explorações.
Este estudo teve como principal objetivo a avaliação da percentagem de infeção de
Cryptosporidium spp. em vitelos pertencentes a explorações de carne do Alentejo Central e
Litoral. As amostras foram obtidas por conveniência a partir de 105 vitelos com idades
compreendidas entre os 10 e os 30 dias de vida e pertencentes a 22 explorações sediadas
nas referidas sub-regiões. Os resultados foram obtidos através de observação ao microscópio
das amostras após realizados os esfregaços fecais e respetivas colorações com a técnica de
Ziehl-Neelsen modificada.
A percentagem global de infeção por Cryptosporidium spp. ficou definida em 25,7% dos
animais examinados e 63,6% das explorações alvo de estudo apresentaram pelo menos um
animal positivo à observação microscópica das amostras.
Os dados obtidos demonstraram uma forte relação entre a consistência das fezes e a
presença de Cryptosporidium spp., sendo que 48,5% dos animais com fezes diarreicas na
altura na colheita das amostras apresentaram-se infetados pelo parasita.
Embora o lactato de halofuginona esteja descrito como tratamento efetivo para o
Cryptosporidium spp., a execução do seu protocolo em explorações em regime extensivo não
é fácil e as melhores alternativas passam pela adoção de boas práticas de maneio, tratamento
das águas de bebida dos animais e vacinação do efetivo contra outros agentes patogénicos
causadores de diarreias neonatais.<br>ABSTRACT - CONTRIBUTION TO THE DETERMINATION OF Cryptosporidium spp. INFECTION IN
CALVES OF BEEF FARMS FROM CENTRAL AND COASTAL ALENTEJO SUBREGIONS - Cryptosporidiosis is a widespread zoonosis caused by protozoa of the genus Cryptosporidium.
They are parasites that have the ability to infect mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians and fish.
The parasite transmission pathway is fecal-oral and may occur directly through contact with
feces from animal carriers or indirectly through contact with surfaces, waters or food
contaminated with sporulated oocysts. Calves become infected in their first days of life, and
these are the main responsible for the perpetuation of the disease on the farms.
The main objective of this study was to evaluate the percentage of Cryptosporidium spp.
infection in calves belonging to beef cattle farms in the Central and Coastal Alentejo.
Convenience sampling was obtained from 105 calves aged between 10 and 30 days old and
belonging to 22 farms based in these sub-regions. The results were obtained by microscopic
observation of the samples after being colored with modified Ziehl-Neelsen technique.
The overall percentage of Cryptosporidium spp. infection was defined in 25.7% and 63.6% of
the study target farms presented at least one positive animal to the microscopic observation
of the samples.
The obtained data showed a strong relationship between feces consistency and the presence
of Cryptosporidium spp. A percentage of 48.5% of the animals with diarrheal feces at the time
of sampling were infected by the parasite.
Although halofuginone lactate is described as an effective treatment for Cryptosporidium spp.
the protocol in beef farms is not easy to apply and the best alternatives are the adoption of
good animal husbandry practices, treatment of animal drinking water and vaccination of herds
against pathogens which cause neonatal diarrhea.<br>N/A
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Zatu, Mandlenkosi Caswell. "Alcohol intake and cardiovascular function of black South Africans : a 5-year prospective study / Mandlenkosi Caswell Zatu." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/15827.
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Motivation
Alcohol consumption is one of the major risk factors of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Excessive
alcohol drinking is the fifth leading cause of death worldwide and the prevalence of alcohol abuse
continues to increase especially in low-income areas of sub-Saharan Africa. The alarming rate of
urbanisation seems to be the driving force for excessive alcohol intake in the developing world. In
addition to its influence on CVD, heavy drinking also results in a number of non-cardiovascular
consequences that include injury, risky sexual behaviour, violent crime and family dysfunction
among black South Africans, contributing to high mortality. Moreover, the highest number of
individuals with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in South Africa is partly attributable
to high intake of alcohol. HIV remains a major concern in South Africa with significant funding
diverted to address the pandemic. The continued increases in mortality from preventable
outcomes such as stroke, myocardial infarction and renal failure are largely due to urbanisation,
poverty and dysfunctional health systems working with limited budgets. These are some of the
factors requiring in-depth study of the scientific aspects of alcohol intake in South Africa. Although
there is enough evidence that links excessive drinking with hypertension and CVD, the markers of
alcohol intake – self reporting of alcohol, gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) and carbohydrate
deficient transferrin – are still not specific enough to isolate other confounding factors in the
association of alcohol intake with CVD. The markers of alcohol that independently predict CVD
and mortality need to be explored. Finally, the severe lack of longitudinal investigations on
alcohol-related hypertension development and total mortality in black South Africans has
compromised the early identification of risk factors associated with these outcomes. This study
will therefore attempt to address the limited availability of longitudinal studies and stimulate
interest for continued investigation.
Aim
The aim of this study was to investigate whether alcohol intake of black South Africans is related
to specific measures of cardiovascular function (change in blood pressure (BP), hypertension
development) and mortality over a period of 5 years.
Methodology
This study was based on the international Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiology (PURE)
study which includes 26 countries, investigating the cause and development of cardiovascular
risk factors in low, middle and high income countries. This South African leg of the PURE study
started in 2005 in which the baseline data was collected from 2021 black South Africans from
rural and urban areas in Ikageng, Ganyesa and Tlakgameng in the North West Province. Eleven
participants presented with missing data, leaving 2010 participants with complete datasets at
baseline. However, data from these 11 participants was useful, especially for Chapter 4. All
participants gave informed consent and the Ethics committee of the North-West University
(Potchefstroom Campus) approved the study. The follow-up data collection was done in 2010.
General health questionnaires, anthropometric measurements, lipid profiles and cardiovascular
measurements were taken both at baseline and follow-up using appropriate methods. We also
collected blood samples and performed biochemical analyses for lipid markers, liver enzymes,
inflammatory markers and percentage carbohydrate deficient transferrin (%CDT). Finally, we
obtained data on cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular mortality through verbal autopsy and
death certificates.
We made use of analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Chi-square tests to compare means and
proportions, respectively. We used dependent t-tests and the McNemar test to compare baseline
and follow-up variables. Furthermore, we employed single and partial linear regression analyses
to correlate alcohol markers with each other and with the cardiovascular measures. Multiple
regression analyses were used to correlate dependent variables in the study with various
independent variables as required. Finally, we employed multivariable-adjusted Cox regression
analyses to assess the association of the selected alcohol markers with mortality while adjusting
for several independent variables.
Results and Conclusions of each manuscript
- With the first research article (Chapter 4), we aimed to compare self-reported alcohol intake
estimates with GGT and %CDT, considering their relationship with percentage change in
brachial blood pressure (BP) and central systolic blood pressure (cSBP) over 5 years. The
results indicated that only self-reported alcohol intake independently predicted % change in
brachial BP and cSBP. This was not found for the biochemical markers GGT and %CDT.
Self-reported alcohol intake seems to be an important measure to implement by health
systems in low income areas of sub-Saharan Africa, where honest reporting is expected.
- Given the likely presence of high GGT levels in both alcohol consumption and non-alcoholic
fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the second manuscript (Chapter 5) aimed to compare the
cardiovascular and metabolic characteristics of excessive alcohol users and individuals with
suspected NAFLD (confirmed with self-report, GGT and %CDT). We found that different sex
and cardiometabolic profiles characterised excessive alcohol users and individuals suspected
with NAFLD. Lean body mass and male sex were the dominant characteristics in excessive
alcohol use while the NAFLD group had a dysmetabolic profile with obese women making up
the higher proportion of this group. In excessive alcohol users systolic blood pressure and
pulse pressure were independently associated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.
Diastolic blood pressure showed a significant correlation with waist circumference. These
disparate profiles may guide healthcare practitioners in primary healthcare clinics to identify
individuals with elevated GGT levels who may suffer from NAFLD or alcohol overuse. These
results emphasise the importance of modifiable risk factors as the main contributors to CVD
and that lifestyle change should be the main focus in developing countries such as South
Africa.
- The third manuscript (Chapter 6) aimed to determine the measure of alcohol intake (selfreported
alcohol intake, GGT and %CDT) that related best with hypertension development,
cardiovascular and all-cause mortality over 5 years in the same population of black South
Africans. We found that GGT was the only independent predictor of hypertension
development, cardiovascular as well as all-cause mortality. Moreover, self-reporting of alcohol
intake predicted incident hypertension, confirming our findings from Chapter 4. The third
marker, %CDT, a highly specific marker of alcohol intake, was not related with any outcome
variable, perhaps due to its low sensitivity. Although self-reported alcohol intake is useful in
low-resource primary healthcare settings, measurement of GGT is encouraged due to its
predictive value for hypertension and mortality. GGT represents alcohol intake, non-alcoholic
steatohepatitis and obesity - all known to have severe cardiovascular consequences.
Discussion and Conclusions
Excessive alcohol intake remains a major concern in the development of hypertension, CVD and
premature death in sub-Saharan Africa. Despite their weaknesses such as bias and nonspecificity,
self-reporting of alcohol consumption and GGT emerged as reliable alcohol markers
that independently predicted 5-year change in BP, hypertension development and total mortality
in this population. Serum %CDT did not show any association with the mentioned cardiovascular
markers. Finally, we were also able to show that black South Africans with suspected NAFLD (i.e.
with high GGT levels who do not consume alcohol) are typically obese women, whereas lean
men were more likely to have high alcohol consumption. Further prospective investigations are
encouraged regarding (a) these mentioned associations, as well as (b) other self-reporting
estimates such as quantity and frequency of drinking and (c) the use of %CDT as a highly
specific marker of alcohol intake. The simultaneous presence of HIV infection in alcohol abuse in
this population also warrants further investigation.<br>PhD (Physiology), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015
Books on the topic "Infection percentage"
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Badgwell, Brian, and Robert S. Krouse. The role of general surgery in the palliative care of patients with cancer. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199656097.003.0124.
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Palliative surgery is defined as surgical intervention in patients with incurable malignancy for symptoms attributable to their cancer. A considerable percentage of consultations at major cancer centres are palliative in nature, resulting in 13-21% of all operations meeting the criteria for palliative surgery. Common symptom groups for evaluation include gastrointestinal obstruction, wound problems/infections, gastrointestinal bleeding, and obstructive jaundice. This chapter outlines the indications, treatment options, and outcomes for these diagnoses and a few less common indications for surgical consultation. Clinical trials are infrequent in this population and there is a paucity of prospective studies with quality of life outcomes measures. Most studies focus on morbidity and mortality as palliative surgery has long been recognized as having increased risk for complications, although recent studies suggest an improvement in this regard. The benefits of palliative surgery should focus on quality of life, symptom control, and symptom prevention. Future studies will be needed to determine the definitions of success and hopefully include patient-reported outcomes assessment.
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Kirchman, David L. The ecology of viruses. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198789406.003.0010.
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In addition to grazing, another form of top-down control of microbes is lysis by viruses. Every organism in the biosphere is probably infected by at least one virus, but the most common viruses are thought to be those that infect bacteria. Viruses come in many varieties, but the simplest is a form of nucleic acid wrapped in a protein coat. The form of nucleic acid can be virtually any type of RNA or DNA, single or double stranded. Few viruses in nature can be identified by traditional methods because their hosts cannot be grown in the laboratory. Direct count methods have found that viruses are very abundant, being about ten-fold more abundant than bacteria, but the ratio of viruses to bacteria varies greatly. Viruses are thought to account for about 50% of bacterial mortality but the percentage varies from zero to 100%, depending on the environment and time. In addition to viruses of bacteria and cyanobacteria, microbial ecologists have examined viruses of algae and the possibility that viral lysis ends phytoplankton blooms. Viruses infecting fungi do not appear to lyse their host and are transmitted from one fungus to another without being released into the external environment. While viral lysis and grazing are both top-down controls on microbial growth, they differ in several crucial respects. Unlike grazers, which often completely oxidize prey organic material to carbon dioxide and inorganic nutrients, viral lysis releases the organic material from hosts more or less without modification. Perhaps even more important, viruses may facilitate the exchange of genetic material from one host to another. Metagenomic approaches have been used to explore viral diversity and the dynamics of virus communities in natural environments.
Book chapters on the topic "Infection percentage"
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Napoli Spatafora, Maria Ausilia, Alessandro Ortis, and Sebastiano Battiato. "Mixup Data Augmentation for COVID-19 Infection Percentage Estimation." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-13324-4_43.
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Hsu, Chih-Chung, Sheng-Jay Dai, and Shao-Ning Chen. "COVID-19 Infection Percentage Prediction via Boosted Hierarchical Vision Transformer." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-13324-4_45.
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Chaudhary, Suman, Wanting Yang, and Yan Qiang. "Swin Transformer for COVID-19 Infection Percentage Estimation from CT-Scans." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-13324-4_44.
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Miron, Radu, and Mihaela Elena Breaban. "Revitalizing Regression Tasks Through Modern Training Procedures: Applications in Medical Image Analysis for Covid-19 Infection Percentage Estimation." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-13324-4_40.
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Napakol, Angella. "Framing the AIDS Discourse: A Critic of Journalistic Source Norms in Uganda’s HIV and AIDS Print News." In Health Crises and Media Discourses in Sub-Saharan Africa. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-95100-9_14.
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AbstractThrough reportage, media have played a key role in HIV/AIDS prevention and awareness in Uganda. Uganda’s success in reducing the percentage of HIV infection together with key supportive factors such as political will have been discussed internationally. Media have been credited with relaying information about HIV/AIDS to different groups of people in the public and acting as change agents. This study looks at media as key players in the HIV and AIDS prevention journey in Uganda and therefore seeks to investigate how two major newspaper outlets; New Vision and Daily Monitor framed the issue of HIV/AIDS—looking particularly at the who, between authority and none authority sources contributed most to the HIV/AIDS narrative as news stories’ sources. A quantitative content analysis was carried out of New Vision and Daily Monitor newspapers’ articles spanning 20 years of coverage. Results indicate that despite the important role played, media depended more on authority sources of information compared to none authority sources. This paper argues that lay people such as PLWHA or their caregivers have lived experiences which if shared, could affect the adoption of recommended HIV/AIDS preventive measures.
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Mintz, Mark. "Clinical features." In The Neurology of AIDS. Oxford University PressOxford, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198526100.003.0056.
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Abstract Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection has created a devastating international public health crisis for children (Association Francois Bagnoud &lt; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 1994a). Although children with HIV-1 infection represent a relatively small percentage of the overall epidemiological rates, there are well over one million children presently infected with HIV-1 worldwide, with over 1000 new pediatric infections occurring daily. Furthermore, parental deaths have left over 11 million children orphaned, 95% of them in Africa (Association Francois Bagnoud &lt;). In some countries, children have accounted for the majority of HIV-1 infection (Mintz et al. 1995). Thus, the prevention, identification, and treatment of pediatric HIV-1 infection is an important component of the battle against HIV/AIDS.
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Williams, Elizabeth. "Opportunistic Infections in HIV Infection." In Tutorial Topics in Infection for the Combined Infection Training Programme. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198801740.003.0069.
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An infection is defined as opportunistic when it affects those with severe immunosuppression, i.e. takes a n opportunity to cause disease in a host with a weakened immune system. In people living with HIV it mainly affects those with a CD4 count < 200 although it is not impossible in those with CD4 count > 200. The CD4 percentage is also important as those with a CD4% < 14 are also more likely to have an OI. The lower the CD4 count the higher the risk of OIs, and some OIs are seen much more commonly with very low CD4 counts, e.g. cryptococcal meningitis in those with CD4 count of < 100. Before the introduction of antiretroviral therapy OIs were much more common than they are now, with previously up to 80% of those with AIDS having pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP). Since the introduction of antiretrovirals (ARVs) the rates of OIs has reduced greatly but unfortunately there are people who are still diagnosed late with an OI at diagnosis. Those with poor adherence or difficulty accessing ARVs are also more likely to be affected. In the UK in 2014, 40% of people diagnosed with HIV had a CD4 count of <350 which is defined as a late diagnosis (and 22% had a CD4 count of <200 which is defined as a very late diagnosis). In comparison to someone diagnosed with HIV early, those who are diagnosed late have a 10 times higher risk of dying in the year after they are diagnosed. This highlights the need for routine HIV testing so that people are diagnosed early to reduce the incidence of OIs further. The most common OIs seen in the UK are pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP), central nervous system (CNS) toxoplasmosis, cryptococcal meningitis, cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis, Mycobacterium avium intracellulare (MAI) infection and candidiasis. All those with HIV and a CD4 count ≤ 200, or with a CD4% < 14 should be given prophylaxis against PCP. Prophylaxis should also be recommended for those with oral candidiasis or a previous AIDs – defining illness. The options are co-trimoxazole 480mg od or 960mg 3x/week (960mg once daily can be given although does not confer any greater protection and has increased risk of side effects), dapsone 50mg once daily, or pentamidine nebulisers 300mg once every 4 weeks.
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Rosenow, Edward C. "Actinomycosis." In Mayo Clinic Challenging Images for Pulmonary Board Review. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199756926.003.0092.
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This rare infection is included because in a fair percentage of cases the CT is characteristic enough to suggest the diagnosis—a wedge-shaped pleural-based infiltrate. Because the pneumonitis will cross fissures, it is usually considered a bronchogenic carcinoma, resulting in an unnecessary thoracotomy • Actinomycotic infection is due to facultative anaerobic bacteria, not a fungus. ...
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R, Krishnaveni, Narmadha K, Geetha S, Subalakshmi G, and Atchaya G. "ANTIFUNGAL EFFECT OF SYZYGIUM AROMATICUM BUDS, PRUNUS DULCIS SEEDS, CAESALPINIA BONDUCELLA SEED, PHYLLANTHUS EMBLICA FRUITS, SESBANIA GRANDIFLORA LEAVES, SOLANUM TRILOBATUM LEAVES ON MOUTH ULCER PATHOGEN (CANDIDA TROPICALIS)." In Futuristic Trends in Biotechnology Volume 2 Book 28. Iterative International Publishers, Selfypage Developers Pvt Ltd, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.58532/v2bs28ch5.
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Oral Candidiasis is a common opportunitic infection caused by the Yeast candida species, normally lives on skin and inside the body in places such as mouth, throat, gut and vagina. Sometimes it can multiply and cause on infection if its adopts inside the mouth, throat or esophagus several host factors were involved in this type of infection. Especially immunocompromised patients including HIV, old age, radiotherapy, malignant diseases and other several crucial diseases have lead to increase the percentage of oral Candidiasis over the past several years. So necessary to design a new drug against these fungal infection normal
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Root, Richard K. "Host Responses to Infection: Fever, Hyperthermia, and Hypothermia." In Clinical Infectious Diseases. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195081039.003.0009.
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Abstract Fever has been recognized as a cardinal manifestation of disease since ancient times. The first reliable measurements of body temperature were made in the mid 19th century, and since then its documentation has been a major aspect of the evaluation and management of a large variety of illnesses and diseases (Table 9.1). The majority of acute infectious diseases are accompanied by fever, and its occurrence accounts for a large percentage of visits to physicians and other health care givers worldwide.
Conference papers on the topic "Infection percentage"
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Akzholtoeva, Aizharkyn A., Gulmira A. Dzhumalieva, Anna V. Lubimova, Gulzat Zhanadilovna Zhanadilova, and Davranbek kyzy Meerim. "Assessment of the state of infection control in medical and preventive organizations in Osh region." In Innovations in Medical Science and Education. Dela Press Publishing House, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56199/dpcsms.iauj7163.
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This article presents the results on the state of infection control in medical and preventive organizations in the Osh region. Report on the incidence of infections associated with medical care and infections in the field of surgical interventions of 2021 years. The research was conducted in 8 medical and preventive organizations in the districts of Osh region and in the city of Osh using the "Scorecard of infection control in healthcare organizations" including 64 criteria (sanitary and hygienic requirements, safety of medical procedures, compliance with disinfection, sterilization of surgical instruments and materials, administrative measures etc.), for the prevention of infections associated with the provision of medical care and infection in the field of surgical interventions. The assessment of the state of infection control was carried out by calculating the numerical expression of the percentage between the existing fulfillment of infection control requirements according to the data on the registration of the incidence. During the assessment, the main sanitary and hygienic directions for the prevention of diseases of infections associated with the provision of medical care and infections in the field of surgical interventions were identified.
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Minić-Vasić, Jelena, Mirjana Dimitrijević, Jelena Gluvakov, et al. "Routine serological testing for determination of EBV infection." In Proceedings of the International Congress Public Health - Achievements and Challenges. Institute of Public Health of Serbia "Dr Milan Jovanović Batut", 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/batutphco24030m.
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Background: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) or human herpesvirus 4 is one of the most common human widespread viruses, infecting more than 90% of the world's population. After primary infection, which is often unrecognized or asymptomatic, the virus persists for life in infected host cells. In children and young people, the primary infection can manifest itself in the form of a clinical syndrome of infectious mononucleosis (IM). Early, accurate and complete results of laboratory tests are vital for timely diagnosis, appropriate treatment and cure. A key challenge for the physician, in cases where the disease may present atypically, is to distinguish bacterial infections from early acute IM. Methods and Objectives: The aim of our analysis was to reveal the frequency of seropositive patients with suspected EBV infection, to determine the serological profile of persons with active primary infection and persons with persistent infection and the percentage of incomplete requests where the clinician requested only IgM or IgG antibodies to EBV, in the period of the first six months of 2024, in 175 outpatients who were referred to the Center of Microbiology, ZZJZ Pančevo, due to suspicion of IM. According to the instructions of prescribing physicians, we performed serum analysis for the presence of IgM VCA, IgG VCA and IgG EBNA antibodies on EBV, using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) manufactured by TestLine Clinical Diagnostics s.r.o. The obtained data were analyzed and statistically processed. Results: Out of all the tested patients, 48 of them were referred for analysis of the detection of IgM antibodies to EBV, among which the presence was proven in 39.5%. In 10 patients, only IgG antibodies were sought. Among other patients, acute EBV infection was proven in 19.65%, old persistent infection in 65.8% and absence of immunity in 15 patients (12.8%). We detected an atypical serological profile in 7 patients. The distribution according to age and gender does not deviate from the results found in the literature. Conclusions: A typical serological profile was detected in the largest number of those we tested, but this study points out that clinical diagnosis as well as additional tests in the confirmation of IM are important for the interpretation of the obtained serological results.
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Talal DAWOOD, Ibrahim, Hanan Sami NOURI, and Najlaa Abdulla FATHI. "COMPARATIVE STUDY FOR VAGINAL INFECTIONS IN PREGNANCY AND NON PREGNANCY WOMEN IN NINEVEH GOVERNORATE." In V. International Scientific Congress of Pure, Applied and Technological Sciences. Rimar Academy, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/minarcongress5-26.
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Epidomiology study had achieved for vaginal infections disease for women in Ninavah governorate through see the files in some hospitals (Al-Khansaa, Al-Batool, Al-Salam) for (2019-2020-2021) years. Bacterial Vaginosis (B.V.) is the most common causes for vaginal infection which Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus appear highest proportion for it which attained (19.05%), (8.52%) sequently, the results showed that the highest proportion of this disease happened in age-level (36-41) years which attained (14.42%) while (60-65) years appeared less proportion which reached (10.43%), Also as noticed that high proportion of vaginal infections disease appeared in August (3.72%, 4.62%, 4.90%) sequently for (2019-2020-2021) years. Results also show that pregnancy women more affected with bacterial vaginosis (B.V.) compared with non-pregnancy and barren women which attained (33.3%), high percentage of infection happened in women who live in country side and villages, the proportion attained (52.08%) followed by the cases of right side of Mosul city infection (7.85%) at least the left side infection (20.05%) through last three years. Identifying the types of infections that affect females , The aim: Attempting to shed light on the extent of the problem of vaginal infections in women by identifying the types of causes (bacteria, fungi, parasites) and determining their percentages, Comparative study for vaginal infections between pregnant, non pregnant & infertility women, Attempting to deduce the role of important factors such as age, physiological status (pregnancy, infertility) and residential area in the possibility of increasing the risk of exposure to the disease during the years, Determining the prevalence of vaginal infections among women during the three months of the three years 2019-2020-2021 in Nineveh 2021 -2019 Governorate.
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Gheorge, Codrin, Schröder Verginica, Stoicescu Ramona, Honce Adina, and Dumitru Irina. "HPV GENOTYPES COINFECTIONS AND HEALTH RISK - PRELIMINARY STUDY OF THE EAST ROMANIAN POPULATION." In GEOLINKS Conference Proceedings. Saima Consult Ltd, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32008/geolinks2021/b1/v3/10.
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The study aims to identify the degree of infection and co-infection with HPV strains in people of different ages, to assess the risk associated with lack of immunization of the Romanian population. In this study we are looking at the prevalence and relationship of the different types of HPV strains present in the 37 cases with suspected HPV infection that were analyzed, in the period 2018-2019, within the Prodiagnostic analysis laboratory, in Constanța, Romania. Of the total number of people analyzed for the case study, 45.94% (17 out of 37) tested positive for HPV infection. The analysis of the frequency of strains by risk categories shows that the highest percentage was 48% in the case of high-risk strains, followed by the percentage of frequency of strains with unknown risk (44%) and that of low-risk strains (8 %); The analysis by age indicates the maximum infection rate recorded belonging to the age group between 23 and 34 years. The association between strains and the 50% frequency indicates an important aspect of the infection as well as important data for diagnosis and treatment and involves more rigorous monitoring of patients with such associations, the risk increases with the associations.
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Maslennikova, O. V., and V. V. Maslennikova. "ECHINOCOCCOSIS AND TRICHINELLOSIS OF THE WOLF IN THE KIROV REGION." In THEORY AND PRACTICE OF PARASITIC DISEASE CONTROL. VNIIP – FSC VIEV, 2025. https://doi.org/10.31016/978-5-6053355-1-1.2025.26.202-207.
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The infection of the wolf with two zoonotic helminth infections, echinococcosis and trichinellosis, was monitored in the Kirov Region. The method of helminthological dissections and compressor trichinelloscopy studied 45 wolves obtained by hunters in the Kirov Region. One hundred foxes and 30 raccoon dogs underwent a helminthological dissection. Wolves are a source of echinococcosis in natural biocenoses. When they visit populated areas, they disseminate helminth eggs. The percentage of Echinococcus granulosus infected predators ranged from 25.9 to 33.3%. Intermediate hosts are the moose and the wild boar, and intermediate hosts in synanthropic foci are livestock animals and humans. According to research data, the number of wolves infected with Trichinella larvae remained at a high level over 40 years. The infection in the wolf reached its highest rates, 76.1%, in 2002 to 2013. In the last decade, the prevalence of Trichinella larvae infection in the wolf has decreased and is 55.6%. The largest number of Trichinella larvae in wolves was recorded in the crura of diaphragm (8.7), and the latissimus dorsi muscle (8.7). The wolf is a source of echinococcosis and trichinellosis in natural ecosystems, and a source of infection with Echinococcus larval stage and Trichinella larvae in humans and pets.
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Rammadan ABDUL, Fatima, Ihsan Ali RAHEEEM, Alaa Laebi ABDULLAH, and Batool Abd Al Ameer BAQER. "DETECTION OF SOME VIRULENCE FACTORS AND ANTIBIOTICS RESISTANCE OF KLEBSIELLA PNEUMONIAE." In DETERMINATION OF THE ACTUAL INTENSITY BY CORRECTION OF THE EMISSION SPECTRUM LINES OF HEAVY METALS CONTAINED IN CRUDE OIL USING LASER INDUCED PLASMA –TECHNIQUE. Rimar Academy, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/minarcongress4-9.
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Background: Infections of Klebsiella pneumoniae can include; diarrhea, septicemia, pneumonia, urinary tract infection and infections of soft tissues. Many factors are donated to K. pneumoniae pathogenicity particularly production of enzymes and formation of biofilm. Objective: find the relationship between the resistance of K. pneumoniae bacteria to antibiotics of quinolones and their ability to produce enzymes of beta lactamase. Materials and Methods: The Study included isolation and identification of (51) isolate of K. pneumoniae and (94) isolates of other bacteria from different clinical sources in some Baghdad hospitals. Results: The isolation and diagnosis of (51) isolates of K. pneumoniae from infection of urinary tract were 49.1%, infection of wounds were 31.3% and infection of burns were19.6%. All bacterial isolates were identified by the biochemical, cultural and microbial characteristics and confirmed by Api E20 System. I showed of β-lactamase test of Klebsiella pneumoniae revealed that (35) 68.6% isolates were positive. While 16 (31.4%) isolates were able to produce urease. Four groups of quinolones were tested by done the sensitivity test of isolates and results revealed the following percentage of resistant to Norfloxacin, Ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin consequently were (50.1%), (44.5%), (39.4%). whereas, the lower percent of resistant to Levofloxacin was (26.8%). In contrast, the βlactamase positive K. pneumoniae exhibited a high resistance in compare to isolates that negative for β-lactamase. The minimum inhibitory range concentrations of ciprofloxacin were arranged between (4-512 µg\ml). From isolates that resistant to Ciprofloxacin, the DNA plasmid was determined. Single plasmid bands were included in two isolates with same size and other isolates were confined free plasmid
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Adress ALNUIMY, Arwa. "LONG-TERM PATHOLOGICAL SIDE EFFECTS OF INFECTION WITH THE COVID-19 VIRUS IN THE MOSUL CITY." In IV.International Scientific Congress of Pure,Appliedand Technological Sciences. Rimar Academy, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/minarcongress4-14.
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Background: The world witnessed a crisis that swept out almost all of humanity's future, namely the spread of a coronavirus virus known as Covid19 Although it is a microorganism that cannot be seen with the naked eye and parasitizes on humans, animals and plants, it is the cause of a universal crisis in which people have been forced to stop their lives and stay in homes, Just as it has been disastrous for public health, it has disrupted health care systems and daily life , COVID-19 had spread at the end of 2019 in Wuhan, Hunan Province, where the seafood market is. The virus is spread quickly and later reach to all parts of the world , The impact of Covid-19 was not only severe, but it also caused complex long-term complications as a result of the complexity of the virus itself, and the virus had lasting effects on physical and psychological public health, Despite the complex negative complications caused by Covid-19, we can understand some of the mechanisms that cause these complications from the repercussions of the long-term negative effects caused by the types of Corona viruses that preceded Covid-19, namely SARS and MERS , But this requires raising awareness and conducting more studies to find out how to effectively manage the severe consequences caused by COVID-19 and to benefit from previous lessons in order to achieve the best results. Objectives: The study was conducted to identify long-term negative effects of Covid19 infection in the city of Mosul, the center of the Iraqi governorate of Nineveh. Methods: The number of sample members from whom the data was collected was 510 people of both sexes and of all ages, recording as many statistics as possible that illustrate the side effects of a covid - 19 infection. When we finished collecting the data and verifying that there are no errors, we conducted an analysis of these data and this statistical analysis of the data comes for the purpose of extracting and interpreting the results. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) v.20 was used to find tables and columns for frequencies and percentages. Results: The study has shown that Covid19 infection has many long-term negative effects on many organs and systems in the body and it is one of the most important results of our study, The study found that the highest age group involved in the study was between 36-45, with a percentage of 39.2%, The percentage of females is higher than males at 68.6% , As for the negative effects, Covid-19 caused damage to the lungs and chronic bronchitis had the highest rate of 29.4% , As for the long-term effects of Covid-19 infection on the kidneys, Cystoureteropyelitis was the highest with a rate of 44.1% , While Tachycardia had the highest percentage of cardiovascular diseases with a rate of 67.1% , On the side of neurological diseases, chronic headache was the highest, and it was 60.6% , As for skin diseases, the percentage was 38%, the largest was Lipsotrichia , In Ophthalmology, 69.9% of the share of Blurred vision, and ear diseases Oxyacoia has 51.2% , As for mental illnesses, there were many diseases, and the highest percentage was Anxious 22.1% , As for other diseases, Nervous colon was the highest with a rate of 15.9%, and for many other diseases, with different rates. Conclusion: The results of the study conducted in the city of Mosul showed that Covid19 infection caused many long-term illnesses that must concerted efforts to get the best results in their treatment
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Kuzman, Boris, and Biljana Petković. "ADAPTIVE NEURO FUZZY ESTIMATION OF THE OPTIMAL COVID-19 PREDICTORS FOR GLOBAL TOURISM." In The Sixth International Scientific Conference - TOURISM CHALLENGES AMID COVID-19, Thematic Proceedings. FACULTY OF HOTEL MANAGEMENT AND TOURISM IN VRNJAČKA BANJA UNIVERSITY OF KRAGUJEVAC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52370/tisc2194bk.
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COVID-19 is a pandemic that has emerged as a result of 2019-novel coronavirus droplet infection (2019-nCoV). Recognition of its risk and prognostic factor is critical due to its rapid dissemination and high casefatality rate. Tourism industry as one of the greatest industries has suffered a lot in the pandemic situation. The main aim of the study was to present travelers’ reaction during the pandemic by data mining methodology. The effect of eleven predictors for COVID-19 was also analyzed. The used predictors are: population density, urban population percentage, number of hospital beds, female and male lung size, median age, crime index, population number, smoking index and percentage of females. As the output factors, infection rate, death rate and recovery rate were used. The analyzing procedure was performed by adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system (ANFIS). The results revealed that the frequency of the used words in the pandemic show the highest impact on the travelers’ reactions. Number of hospital beds and population number is the optimal combination for the best prediction of infection rate of COVID-19.
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Rakić, Violeta, and Jelena Simić. "Analysis of trends in the incidence of acute hepatitis B virus infection in the Republic of Serbia in the period from 2003 to 2022." In Proceedings of the International Congress Public Health - Achievements and Challenges. Institute of Public Health of Serbia "Dr Milan Jovanović Batut", 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/batutphco24128r.
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Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a common worldwide blood-borne pathogen. WHO estimates that 254 million people were living with chronic hepatitis B infection in 2022, with 1.2 million new infections each year. In 2022, hepatitis B resulted in an estimated 1.1 million deaths, mostly from cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (primary liver cancer). Hepatitis B can be prevented by vaccines that are safe, available and effective. Chronic hepatitis B can progress to an inactive carrier state, and then, in some patients, give rise to cirrhosis and cancer of the liver, leading to death. An HBV surface-antigen vaccine is effective, but treatments are currently not curative. Methods and objectives: Descriptive analysis of HBV cases notified from 2003-2022 in the national hepatitis register of the Institute of Public Health of Serbia. Overall incidence rates for acute HBV infection were calculated. The number of reported patients with acute HBV infection in the observed years will be used as a numerator when calculating the incidence rates of acute HBV infection (all persons diagnosed according to the International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision with codes B16.1 and B16.9). As the denominator of the incidence rate, the estimated number of inhabitants in the middle of each year is used, according to the data of the Republic Institute of Statistics. General, age-specific and standardized incidence rates will be calculated, and the world population according to WHO will be used as the standard population. Based on the joinpoint regression analysis, the average annual percentage changes in the incidence trend will be estimated and the periods when significant changes occurred will be identified. Results: The total number of registered cases of acute HBV infection was 4020. The ratio of men to women was 1.7:1. Statistically significant difference in sex (p<0.001) is notified among the respective age groups: 20-29, 30-39, 40-49. Crude incidence rates for acute hepatitis B virus infection ranged from 4.92 to 0.25 per 100.000 population, while standardized ranged from 4.81 to 0.21. From 2003 to 2017, the annual incidence rate decreased by 6.2 (C I9.79 -1.79) based on joinpoint regression analysis. Conclusions: In the period from 2003 to 2017, a significant decrease in the frequency of acute HBV infections was recorded.
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Abbas MARHOON, Ikhlas, and Marwa Sami ALWAN. "DETECTION OF PREVALENCE OF INTESTINAL PARASITES IN FRESHWATER FISH LIZA ABU FROM EUPHRATES RIVER, AL-DIWANIYAH CITY – IRAQ." In DETERMINATION OF THE ACTUAL INTENSITY BY CORRECTION OF THE EMISSION SPECTRUM LINES OF HEAVY METALS CONTAINED IN CRUDE OIL USING LASER INDUCED PLASMA –TECHNIQUE. Rimar Academy, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/minarcongress4-8.
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A 176 samples of freshwater fish Liza abu were fishing from Euphrates river in the AlDiwaniyah city – Iraq , to investigate of some intestinal parasite , identify the rate of infection with this parasites and then determining the relationship between temperature and prevalence of parasitic infection rates , for the period between October 2020 and March 2021. All fish examined by using laboratory methods to detected intestinal parasitic infection. The results revealed that the total infection rate of prevalence of intestinal parasites in Liza abu was 75.56%, and the results recorded presence of five different species of parasites were isolated from freshwater fish which are as follows: Three species belonging to two classes of protozoan : Sporozoa (Cryptosporidium sp. and Eimeria sp.) and one species belonged to Ciliata which is Tetrahymena sp. with an infection rate 55.68% , 35.79% and 17.61% respectively. Two species belong to parasitic helminthes : Eustrongylides sp.(Nematodes) with an infection rate 22.73%, and the other species is related to Neoechinorhynchus sp. (Acanthocephalans) with an infection rate of 44.88%. Also results showed a significant difference in infection rates during the months of the study, the highest percentage of infection was appeared during March and February which reached 93.94% and 91.67% respectively, while the infection rate decreased in January (45.0%)
Reports on the topic "Infection percentage"
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Thongtan, Thananya, Poonlarp Cheepsunthorn, and Kiat Ruxrungtham. An analysis and studies expression of receptor molecule on microglia cells to inhibits infection of the cells from Japanese encephalitis virus : Research report (Year 2009). Chulalongkorn University, 2009. https://doi.org/10.58837/chula.res.2009.14.
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Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), a mosquito-borne flavivirus, is a major cause of viral encephalitis in Asia. Even though the principle target cells for JEV in the central nervous system are neurons, the microglia is activated in response to JEV infection. This research aimed to investigate the relationship between JEV and microglial cells. The percentage of JEV infectivity in mouse microglial (BV-2) cell line at 8, 15 and 24 hr post infection was determined by flow cytometry. It was found that the percentage of infected cells were approximately 53.5, 71.3 and 83.6 respectively. The JEV binding protein (s) expressed on the surface of BV-2 cells was also identified. Using One dimensional and Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis to separate the membrane proteins, we later identified the 43 kDa laminin receptor precursor protein as a JEV binding protein by virus overlay protein binding assay (VOPBA) followed with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). This newly identified JEV binding protein was further characterized by infection inhibition assay. BV-2 cells were mock-infected or infected with JEV in the presence of either 0 (control), 5,10 and 20 μg anti-laminin receptor antibody or 20 μg soluble laminin. The percentage of inhibition of JEV infection was determined by flow cytometry. Results showed a dose dependent pattern of inhibition in the presence of anti-laminin receptor antibody, determined at 15 hr post infection, compared to non-relevant antibody and control. Taken together, 43 kDa laminin receptor precursor protein is verified as JEV putative receptor on mouse microglial cell surface.
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Mackey, Katherine, Irina Arkhipova-Jenkins, Charlotte Armstrong, et al. Antibody Response Following SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Implications for Immunity: A Rapid Living Review. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccovidimmunity.
Full textAbstract:
Evidence suggests that the majority of adults develop detectable levels of immunoglobulin M (IgM) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies following infection with SARS-CoV-2 (moderate strength of evidence* [SoE]). IgM levels peak approximately 20 days after symptom onset or RT-PCR diagnosis and subsequently decline. IgG levels peak approximately 25 days after symptom onset or RT-PCR diagnosis and may remain detectable for at least 120 days (moderate SoE*). Almost all adults develop neutralizing antibodies in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection, and these antibodies may remain detectable for at least 152 days (low SoE*). A small percentage of people do not develop antibodies in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection for reasons that are largely unclear but may be related to less severe disease or absence of symptoms. Antibody prevalence does not appear to vary by age or sex, but older age may be associated with higher antibody levels (low SoE*). Non-White race may be associated with higher antibody prevalence and levels (low SoE*). COVID-19 severity and presence of symptoms may also be associated with higher antibody prevalence or levels (low SoE*). More evidence is needed to draw stronger conclusions regarding how the antibody response varies by patient characteristics and disease factors. Studies to date have not established the relationship between the development of antibodies after RT-PCR-diagnosed SARS-CoV-2 infection and the risk of reinfection. Studies based on index serologic testing suggest that the presence of antibodies is associated with a lower risk of a subsequent positive SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR test.
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Harms, Nathan, and Judy Shearer. Spatial and temporal variability of the Alligatorweed pathogen, Alternaria alternantherae, in Louisiana. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/44402.
Full textAbstract:
Alligatorweed leaf spot is a disease of invasive Alternanthera philoxeroides (Alligatorweed) in the southern US, caused by Alternaria alternantherae. However, little is known about when or where this pathogen naturally occurs. To better understand this species’ life history, we examined temporal (every 2–3 weeks) and spatial (latitudinal) patterns of A. alternantherae occurrence at sites in Louisiana for 2 y. Pathogen presence reflected clear within-year temporal and spatial patterns. Overall, the percentage of leaves infected with A. alternantherae was low during spring each year (0–20% infected) but increased throughout summer (maximum of 50% infected), and plants in northern sites had lower frequency of infection relative to southern sites until later in the year (late summer/early fall) but only in 1 of the 2 years of our study. The mean proportion of leaves infected with A. alternantherae declined with latitude both years (P = 0.01) and variability increased with latitude (P = 0.04), a pattern suggestive of range limitation in northern areas. We estimate a northern distributional limit of 34°N for A. alternantherae in Louisiana, but Alligatorweed occurs farther north. Although we did not directly examine disease impacts to Alligatorweed during the study, they may be greatest in southern areas, where the pathogen is more common early and throughout the growing season, and thus may be less likely to provide control in northern infestations of the invasive Alligatorweed.
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Tuite, Ashleigh R., David N. Fisman, Ayodele Odutayo, et al. COVID-19 Hospitalizations, ICU Admissions and Deaths Associated with the New Variants of Concern. Ontario COVID-19 Science Advisory Table, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47326/ocsat.2021.02.18.1.0.
Full textAbstract:
New variants of concern (VOCs) now account for 67% of all Ontario SARS-CoV-2 infections. Compared with early variants of SARS-CoV-2, VOCs are associated with a 63% increased risk of hospitalization, a 103% increased risk of intensive care unit (ICU) admission and a 56% increased risk of death due to COVID-19. VOCs are having a substantial impact on Ontario’s healthcare system. On March 28, 2021, the daily number of new SARS-CoV-2 infections in Ontario reached the daily number of cases observed near the height of the second wave, at the start of the province-wide lockdown, on December 26, 2020. The number of people hospitalized with COVID-19 is now 21% higher than at the start of the province-wide lockdown, while ICU occupancy is 28% higher (Figure 1). The percentage of COVID-19 patients in ICUs who are younger than 60 years is about 50% higher now than it was prior to the start of the province-wide lockdown. Because the increased risk of COVID-19 hospitalization, ICU admission and death with VOCs is most pronounced 14 to 28 days after diagnosis, there will be significant delays until the full burden to the health care system becomes apparent.
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Tawfik, Aly, Deify Law, Juris Grasis, Joseph Oldham, and Moe Salem. COVID-19 Public Transportation Air Circulation and Virus Mitigation Study. Mineta Transportation Institute, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2021.2036.
Full textAbstract:
COVID-19 may have forever changed our world. Given the limited space and air circulation, potential infections on public transportation could be concerningly high. Accordingly, this study has two objectives: (1) to understand air circulation patterns inside the cabins of buses; and (2) to test the impact of different technologies in mitigating viruses from the air and on surfaces inside bus cabins. For the first objective, different devices, metrics and experiments (including colored smoke; videotaping; anemometers; pressure differentials; particle counts; and 3D numerical simulation models) were utilized and implemented to understand and quantify air circulation inside different buses, with different characteristics, and under different operating conditions (e.g. with windows open and shut). For the second objective, three different live prokaryotic viruses were utilized: Phi6, MS2 and T7. Various technologies (including positive pressure environment inside the cabin, HEPA filters with different MERV ratings, concentrated UV exposure with charged carbon filters in the HVAC systems, center point photocatalytic oxidation technology, ionization, and surface antiviral agents) were tested to evaluate the potential of mitigating COVID-19 infections via air and surfaces in public transportation. The effectiveness of these technologies on the three live viruses was tested in both the lab and in buses in the field. The results of the first objective experiments indicated the efficiency of HVAC system designs, where the speed of air spread was consistently much faster than the speed of air clearing. Hence, indicating the need for additional virus mitigation from the cabin. Results of the second objective experiments indicated that photocatalytic oxidation inserts and UVC lights were the most efficient in mitigating viruses from the air. On the other hand, positive pressure mitigated all viruses from surfaces; however, copper foil tape and fabrics with a high percentage of copper mitigated only the Phi6 virus from surfaces. High-temperature heating was also found to be highly effective in mitigating the different viruses from the vehicle cabin. Finally, limited exploratory experiments to test possible toxic by-products of photocatalytic oxidation and UVC lights inside the bus cabin did not detect any increase in levels of formaldehyde, ozone, or volatile organic compounds. Implementation of these findings in transit buses, in addition to the use of personal protective equipment, could be significantly valuable for protection of passengers and drivers on public transportation modes, possibly against all forms of air-borne viruses.
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Tawfik, Aly, Deify Law, Juris Grasis, Joseph Oldham, and Moe Salem. COVID-19 Public Transportation Air Circulation and Virus Mitigation Study. Mineta Transportation Institute, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2022.2036.
Full textAbstract:
COVID-19 may have forever changed our world. Given the limited space and air circulation, potential infections on public transportation could be concerningly high. Accordingly, this study has two objectives: (1) to understand air circulation patterns inside the cabins of buses; and (2) to test the impact of different technologies in mitigating viruses from the air and on surfaces inside bus cabins. For the first objective, different devices, metrics and experiments (including colored smoke; videotaping; anemometers; pressure differentials; particle counts; and 3D numerical simulation models) were utilized and implemented to understand and quantify air circulation inside different buses, with different characteristics, and under different operating conditions (e.g. with windows open and shut). For the second objective, three different live prokaryotic viruses were utilized: Phi6, MS2 and T7. Various technologies (including positive pressure environment inside the cabin, HEPA filters with different MERV ratings, concentrated UV exposure with charged carbon filters in the HVAC systems, center point photocatalytic oxidation technology, ionization, and surface antiviral agents) were tested to evaluate the potential of mitigating COVID-19 infections via air and surfaces in public transportation. The effectiveness of these technologies on the three live viruses was tested in both the lab and in buses in the field. The results of the first objective experiments indicated the efficiency of HVAC system designs, where the speed of air spread was consistently much faster than the speed of air clearing. Hence, indicating the need for additional virus mitigation from the cabin. Results of the second objective experiments indicated that photocatalytic oxidation inserts and UVC lights were the most efficient in mitigating viruses from the air. On the other hand, positive pressure mitigated all viruses from surfaces; however, copper foil tape and fabrics with a high percentage of copper mitigated only the Phi6 virus from surfaces. High-temperature heating was also found to be highly effective in mitigating the different viruses from the vehicle cabin. Finally, limited exploratory experiments to test possible toxic by-products of photocatalytic oxidation and UVC lights inside the bus cabin did not detect any increase in levels of formaldehyde, ozone, or volatile organic compounds. Implementation of these findings in transit buses, in addition to the use of personal protective equipment, could be significantly valuable for protection of passengers and drivers on public transportation modes, possibly against all forms of air-borne viruses.