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1
Hassan, Mohammed. "Detection of bacterial agents associated with appendicitis At Al-Nassyriah city." University of Thi-Qar Journal of Science 5, no. 3 (2015): 52–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.32792/utq/utjsci/v5i3.163.
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The present study was include examination of the content of 100 surgical removed appendices for identify thebacteria found in flamed appendix cavity. The study recorded infection percentage by intestinal bacteria reached 83%, fecalith 6% and body foreign 2%. The results showed that the single infection percentage was 77% included infection of Esherichia coli, Bacteroides sp, Pseudomonas sp, Lactobacillus sp, Staphylococcus auerus, Salmonella sp, Proteus sp, Klebsiella sp and Yersinia sp by percentages (33%, 15%, 11%, 7%. 4%, 2%, 2%, 2%, 1%) respectively. Dual infection percentage (6%) included infection of Esherichia coli+ Bacteroides sp, Esherichia coli+ Salmonella sp, Pseudomonas sp+ Lactobacillus sp by percentages were (3%, 2%, 1%) respectively.
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Al-Ammash, Maroof S. Juma. "Study on prevalences of Entameoba histolytica & Giardia lamblia in Samarra city." Kufa Journal For Veterinary Medical Sciences 6, no. 2 (2015): 194–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.36326/kjvs/2015/v6i23981.
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This study was done during the period from October-2014 to end of March-2015, to study the prevalence of Entameoba histolytica & Giardia lamblia among patients with diarrhea. The number of examined samples of feces was 304. These samples taken from patients complain from diarrhea those attending General Hospital of Samarra & some Primary Health Care Centers, at the age of infant to 50 years. These samples examined by Direct wet film preparation (by using Normal saline & Lugol s iodine solution) & Examination of Sedment. The results of existing study as follow:The percentage of total infection of intestinal parasites during this study showed that the number of males slightly more than females. Nonsignificant differences found among percentage of total infection of intestinal parasites under study, while significant differences found among patients lives in rural & urban area. High prevalence of parasitic infection was occurred in Winter. Significant differences found among percentages of total infection of intestinal parasites in different ages. High significant differences found among the total percentage of parasitic infection according to family numbers, while nonsignificant differences found between two parasites. Significant differences found among the total percentage of parasitic infections according to source of drink water, while nonsignificant differences found between two parasites.
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Fulkerson, Daniel H., Ahilan Sivaganesan, Jason D. Hill, et al. "Progression of cerebrospinal fluid cell count and differential over a treatment course of shunt infection." Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics 8, no. 6 (2011): 613–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2011.8.peds11236.
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Object The physiological reaction of CSF white blood cells (WBCs) over the course of treating a shunt infection is undefined. The authors speculated that the CSF WBC count varies with different infecting organisms in peak level and differential percentage of polymorphonuclear (PMN) leukocytes, lymphocytes, monocytes, and eosinophils. The authors hope to identify clinically useful trends in the progression of CSF WBCs by analyzing a large group of patients with successfully treated shunt infections. Methods The authors reviewed 105 successfully treated cases of shunt infections at Riley Hospital for Children. The study dates ranged from 2000 to 2004; this represented a period prior to the routine use of antibiotic-impregnated shunt catheters. They analyzed the following organisms: coagulase-negative staphylococci, Staphylococcus aureus, Propionibacterium acnes, Streptococcal species, and gram-negative organisms. The initial CSF sample at diagnosis was analyzed, as were levels over 14 days of treatment. Model fitting was performed to generate curves for the expected progression of the WBC counts and the differential PMN leukocytes, lymphocyte, monocyte, and eosinophil percentages. Results Gram-negative organisms resulted in a higher initial (p = 0.03) and peak WBC count with a greater differential of PMN leukocytes compared with other organisms. Propionibacterium acnes infections were associated with a significantly lower WBC count and PMN leukocytes percentage (p = 0.02) and higher eosinophil percentage (p = 0.002) than other organisms. The pattern progression of the CSF WBC count and differential percentages was consistent for all infections. There was an initial predominance of PMN leukocytes, followed by a delayed peak of lymphocytes, monocytes, and eosinophils over a 14-day course. All values trended toward zero over the treatment course. Conclusions The initial and peak levels of CSF WBCs vary with the infecting organisms. The CSF cell counts showed a predictable pattern during the treatment of shunt infection. These trends may be useful to the physician in clinical decision making, although there is a wide range of variability.
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Nadifah, Fitri, Desto Arisandi, and Nurlaili Farida Muhajir. "Helminth Infection of Children in Ngemplak Seneng Village Klaten." Journal of Health 3, no. 1 (2016): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.30590/vol3-no1-p14-18.
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Helminth infection remains one of health problems of Indonesian people for years. The tropical condition of Indonesian climates with high level humidity has believed to be the one of factors that increase the number of this infection cases. Based of many studies, the number of helminth infections is related to the poor of hygiene and sanitation. This study is conducted to know the percentages of helminth infections among 0-14 years old children in Dusun Ngemplak, Desa Ngemplak Seneng, Klaten and also their personal hygiene with questionaire instruments. To know helminth infection in subjects, we examine faeces sample with simple method and 1% eosin dye. As the results of examination, we found Trichuris trichiura egg in three samples. This might related to the poor of their hygienic behaviors. Some of the behavior such as wash hand before eating and after defecation, use sandal or shoes when playing, consume helminthic drug for last 6 months, and defecate in toilet has shown percentage under 70%. Other behaviors such as cutting and cleaning nails and use a spoon when eating has shown percentage above 70%.
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Su, R., and C. Wang. "AB0661 CHANGES OF LYMPHOCYTE SUBSETS IN CONNECTIVE TISSUE DISEASE(CTD) WITH DIFFERENT TYPES OF PATHOGEN BLOODSTREAM INFECTIONS." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 82, Suppl 1 (2023): 1533.2–1533. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2023-eular.785.
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BackgroundThe underlying cause of autoimmune diseases is not known,infections, especially viral infections, is thought to be a possible reason[1].Disorder of CD4+T cells have been linked to autoimmunity, they are key players in various autoimmune diseases but are also crucial for immunity against different infections[2]. However, the immune response status of different types of infections in the context of autoimmune diseases is poorly understood.ObjectivesTo evaluate the differences of lymphocyte subsets in connective tissue disease(CTD) with different types of pathogen bloodstream infections.MethodsWe analyzed 40 CTD patients with bloodstream infections, including 11 with virus infections,7 with fungal infections,13 with Gram negative bacteria infections(G- infection), 9 with Gram positive bacteria infections(G+infection), and 10 newly diagnosed CTD patients without co-infection were included as controls.The percentage and absolute numbers of lymphocyte phenotypes and CD4+ T subsets in peripheral blood were examined by flow cytometry.ResultsThere were no significant difference in the percentage and absolute value of T,B,NK,CD4+T,CD8+T cells in different types of infection groups and no-infection group. Among comparison of the CD4+T subsets, the percentage of Th2 in the fungal infection was decreased than G- infection group and no-infection group,while the G- infection was increased than G+infection,and the virus infection was increased than fungal infection. The percentage of Th1,Th17 and Treg had no significant difference between different groups. Whereas for the absolute value comparison, the absolute value of Treg cells in the virus infection was higher than the fungal infection,G- infection and G+ infection, meanwhile the the fungal infection was obvious lower than no infection group. But there was no significant difference in Th1 and 17 among all groups.ConclusionDifferent types of pathgen blood may lead to development of specific immunological dysbalance,especially in the case of autoimmune disease hosts. CTD patients with fungal infection had lower Th2 response, higher Treg cells may be a characteristic of CTD combined with virus infection compare with other types of infection.References[1]Bjornevik K, Cortese M, Healy BC, Kuhle J, Mina MJ, Leng Y, Elledge SJ, Niebuhr DW, Scher AI, Munger KL, Ascherio A. Longitudinal analysis reveals high prevalence of Epstein-Barr virus associated with multiple sclerosis. Science. 2022 Jan 21;375(6578):296-301.[2]Quaglia M, Merlotti G, De Andrea M, Borgogna C, Cantaluppi V. Viral Infections and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: New Players in an Old Story. Viruses. 2021,13(2):277.Figure 1.The comparsion about the lymphocyte subsets in different CTD groups.(*p<0.05,**p<0.001).G- infection: Gram negative bacteria infections.G+ infection:Gram positive bacteria infections.Disclosure of InterestsNone declared
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Meyer, Elisabeth, Frank Schwab, Petra Gastmeier, Daniel Jonas, Henning Rueden, and Franz D. Daschner. "Methicillin-ResistantStaphylococcus aureusin German Intensive Care Units During 2000-2003: Data from Project SARI (Surveillance of Antimicrobial Use and Antimicrobial Resistance in Intensive Care Units)." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 27, no. 2 (2006): 146–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/500619.
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Objectives.The objective of this study was to analyze methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) percentages (defined as the percentage ofS. aureusisolates that are resistant to methicillin) and antimicrobial consumption in intensive care units (ICUs) participating in Project SARI (Surveillance of Antimicrobial Use and Antimicrobial Resistance in Intensive Care Units), to look for temporal changes in MRSA percentages and antimicrobial consumption in individual ICUs as an indicator of the impact of an active surveillance system, and to investigate the differences between ICUs with increased MRSA percentages versus those with decreased percentages during a period of 3 years (2001-2003).Methods.This was a prospective, ICU-based and laboratory-based surveillance study involving 38 German ICUs during 2000-2003. Antimicrobial use was reported in terms of defined daily doses (DDDs) per 1,000 patient-days. Temporal changes in the MRSA percentage and antimicrobial use in individual ICUs were calculated by means of the Wilcoxon signed rank test. The incidence density of nosocomial MRSA infection was defined as the number of nosocomial MRSA infections per 1,000 patient-days.Results.From February 2000 through December 2003, a total of 38 ICUs reported data on 499,694 patient-days and 9,552S. aureusisolates, including 2,249 MRSA isolates and 660,029 DDDs of antimicrobials. Cumulative MRSA percentages ranged from 0% to 64.4%, with a mean of 23.6%. The MRSA incidence density ranged from 0 to 38.2 isolates per 1,000 patient-days, with a mean of 2.77 isolates per 1,000 patient-days. There was a positive correlation between MRSA percentage and imipenem and ciprofloxacin use (P<.05). Overall, comparison of data from 2001 with data from 2003 showed that MRSA percentages increased in 18 ICUs (median increase, 13.2% [range, 1.6%-38.4%]) and decreased in 14 ICUs (median decrease, 12% [range, 1.0%-48.4%]). Increased use of third-generation cephalosporins, glycopeptides, or aminoglycosides correlated significantly with an increase in the MRSA percentage (P<.05). The cumulative nosocomial MRSA infection incidence density for 141 ICUs that did not participate in SARI and, therefore, did not receive feedback increased from 0.26 to 0.35 infections per 1,000 patient-days during a 3-year period, whereas the rate in SARI ICUs decreased from 0.63 to 0.40 infections per 1,000 patient-days.Conclusion.The MRSA situation in German ICUs is still heterogeneous. Because MRSA percentages range from 0% to 64.4%, further studies are required to confirm findings that no change in the MRSA percentage and a decrease in the nosocomial MRSA infection incidence density in SARI ICUs reflect the impact of an active surveillance system.
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Khalaf, Waad, and Manal Hasan. "Diagnostic Study of Nematodes in Cattle in Mosul city." Al-Anbar Journal of Veterinary Sciences 12, no. 1 (2019): 142–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.37940/ajvs.2019.12.1.15.
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The present study was arranged to investigate the existence of different species of Nematodes which infect the cattle thorough an examination of 484 faecal samples which were collected randomly from Mosul city and around regions of it, during the period from October 2011 to June 2012 and determination infection severity of them. The total percentage of infection with Nematodes was 23.34%. The significant variations in percentages of infection were recorded according to months of study. The highest percentage was in December 42.10% and the lowest in February at 2.63%. In this study were diagnosed 13 genera of Nematodes, most of them Haemonchus spp. and Ostertagia spp. In the estimation of infection severity with Nematodes, significant variations were showed among the light infection with both of moderate and severe infection and the highest percentage of light has accomplished to 67.25% and the lowest in moderate infection was 11.50%.
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Wojczyk, Marek, Ewa Niewiadomska, and Małgorzata Kowalska. "The Incidence Proportion of SARS-CoV-2 Infections and the Percentage of Deaths among Infected Healthcare Workers in Poland." Journal of Clinical Medicine 12, no. 11 (2023): 3714. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm12113714.
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(1) Background: The incidence proportion of SARS-CoV-2 infection among healthcare workers (HCWs) in Poland is not exactly known. This study aims to present secondary epidemiological data identifying the scale of the spread of novel coronavirus infection and the estimation of vaccination coverage in selected professional groups of HCWs in Poland. (2) Methods: The secondary epidemiological data included both the number of infections and infection fatality rate (IFR) in individual occupational groups, which occurred throughout the observation period (January 2021–July 2022), both in the country and in individual voivodeship (administrative area). (3) Results: The incidence proportion of SARS-CoV-2 infections among HCWs was 16.48%. The highest percentage of infected workers concerned laboratory scientists (21.62%) and paramedics (18%). The highest frequency of infections among HCWs occurred in the province of Zachodnio-Pomorskie (18.9%). Due to COVID-19, 558 healthcare workers died during the analysed period, mostly nurses (n = 236) and doctors (n = 200). The results regarding the vaccination coverage of HCWs against COVID-19 indicate the highest percentage of vaccinated were among doctors (83.63%) and the lowest among physiotherapists (38.2%). (4) Conclusions: In general, the percentage of infections was high in Poland during the pandemic (16.48%). Significant territorial differences were observed in the frequency of infections, deaths, and percentage of vaccinated workers in individual voivodeships.
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Vandormael, Alain, Tulio de Oliveira, Frank Tanser, Till Bärnighausen, and Joshua T. Herbeck. "High percentage of undiagnosed HIV cases within a hyperendemic South African community: a population-based study." Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 72, no. 2 (2017): 168–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech-2017-209713.
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BackgroundUndiagnosed HIV infections could undermine efforts to reverse the global AIDS epidemic by 2030. In this study, we estimated the percentage of HIV-positive persons who remain undiagnosed within a hyperendemic South African community.MethodsThe data come from a population-based surveillance system located in the Umkhanyakude district of the northern KwaZulu-Natal province, South Africa. We annually tested 38 661 adults for HIV between 2005 and 2016. Using the HIV-positive test results of 12 039 (31%) participants, we then back-calculated the incidence of infection and derived the number of undiagnosed cases from this result.ResultsThe percentage of undiagnosed HIV cases decreased from 29.3% in 2005 to 15.8% in 2011. During this period, however, approximately 50% of the participants refused to test for HIV, which lengthened the average time from infection to diagnosis. Consequently, the percentage of undiagnosed HIV cases reversed direction and steadily increased from 16.1% to 18.9% over the 2012–2016 period.ConclusionsResults from this hyperendemic South African setting show that the HIV testing rate is low, with long infection times, and an unsatisfactorily high percentage of undiagnosed cases. A high level of repeat HIV testing is needed to minimise the time from infection to diagnosis if the global AIDS epidemic is to be reversed within the next two decades.
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Jaaed, A. A., and T. A. Farhan. "Detection of Alternaria Species that Causing Tomato Leaf Spot Disease and Testing its Pathogenicity." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1449, no. 1 (2025): 012049. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1449/1/012049.
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Abstract This research aimed of diagnosing isolates of Alternaria spp fungi both morphologically and molecularly, and testing their pathogenicity in the laboratory and field. Results from sample collection from different areas of Iraq (Anbar - Baghdad - Basra - Karbala) indicated that Alternaria leaf spot disease on tomatoes is widely spread across all collection samples. The results of morphological diagnosis showed the presence of seven isolates belonging to Alternaria spp, three of which were molecularly identified using (PCR) technique. These were identified as Alternaria solani (Basra - Al-Zubair), Alternaria alternata (Baghdad - Al-Rashid), and Alternaria alternata (Karbala - Al-Husseiniya). These isolates were deposited in the gene bank under the following numbers: PP858983, PP858982, and PP858984, respectively. The results of testing the Alternaria spp fungal isolates on Water Agar medium in the laboratory showed that the Alternaria alternata isolate from (Baghdad - Al-Rashid) achieved an infection rate of 95%, followed by Alternaria solani from (Basra - Al-Zubair), which achieved an infection rate of 92.5%. All tested isolates significantly outperformed in causing infections compared with not contaminated with any isolates and had an infection rate of 0.0%. The same isolates also showed significant superiority in infecting tomato saplings in the field, with the isolate from (Baghdad - Al-Rashid) recording the highest percentage and severity of infection at 57.00% and 91.6%, respectively. The other isolates also demonstrated significant superiority in infection percentage and severity compared with uncontaminated treatment, which had an infection percentage and severity of 0.0% for both.
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Zianb, Adwan Toama, and Abdul ridha Al-awad Heyam. "Isolating and Diagnosing the Bacteria that cause Recurrent Miscarriage and Evaluating some Risk factors in women with Urinary Tract Infections." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL AND BIO-MEDICAL SCIENCE 04, no. 04 (2024): 344–50. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10997429.
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The current study aimed to isolate and diagnose the bacteria that cause urinary tract infections in pregnant women and cause miscarriage, study the risk factors that help increase infection rates, that included 100 sample , and the percentages of distribution of women’s samples were 50 samples from pregnant women, of which 29 were pregnant women. Not infected with a urinary tract infection (Negative UTI), as well as 21 of the pregnancies infected with a urinary tract infection (Positive UTI). The study sample also included 50 miscarried women, a sample in which the percentage of infection (UTI) was distributed as 17 of miscarriage cases without infection (Negative UTI), and 33 miscarriage cases with urinary tract infection (Positive UTI). The study found that the rate <em>of E.coli</em> bacteria in pregnant women with UTI (+ev UTI) was 16.66%, the rate of S. aureus bacteria in aborted women was 18.51%, and the highest bacterial percentage in the age group (under 29 years) was 62.99% of <em>E.coli</em> bacteria (31.48). %), then <em>S. aureus</em> bacteria (24.07%). Also, urban women are more susceptible to infection with bacteria, at a rate of 64.81%, compared to women in rural areas, at a rate of 35.19%. The most common isolated species causing urinary tract infections in the city are <em>E.coli </em>and then <em>S. aureus</em>, and there is no difference between the symptoms, with a positive rate of (53.7). (%), and the disappearance of symptoms (Negative) was (46.3)% of the group of pregnant women and aborted women, The highest species in the first trimester of pregnancy amounted to 66.66%, which was represented by <em>S. aureus</em> bacteria, followed by <em>E.coli</em>, compared to the second and third trimester, 24.24% <em>E.coli</em>, followed by <em>S. aureus</em> bacteria, and that the rate of miscarriage was 3 times or more, the percentage was 27.27% <em>S. aureus</em> followed by <em>E.coli</em>, respectively.
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Yassir Dakheel Kremsh Alasadiy. "Diagnosis of infection with amoebic parasite that cause stomatitis." Alnakhla Journal of Science 13, no. 2 (2025): 65–70. https://doi.org/10.63799/1p7adq59.
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The current study dealt with the first detailed diagnosis of gingival amoebiasis (Entamoeba gingivalis) that affects humans from samples taken from both the gums and teeth, and the results showed that the parasite infects both sexes with a total percentage (12.14). Statistical analysis proved that there was no significant difference between male and female infection rates (52.94%, 47.06%), respectively, which is the lowest percentage of infection compared to what was recorded in previous studies. The results indicated that the parasite can infect all ages obtained in the current study, and that the highest infection rate was in the age period 30-39 (41.18%). While the lowest percentage was in the age period >50 (17.65), the highest percentage of periodontitis was 7 (41.18), followed by dental infection 6 (35.29), and the lowest percentage was recorded in both locations 4 (23.53) , as well as, there was not a significant difference between the percentage of inflammation in the gums and teeth, while there is a significant difference in the inflammation that it affects the gums and teeth together when compared to the percentage of gums and teeth separately The results recorded a relationship between amoebic and bacterial infections, and the high coefficient of Contingency value (0.988) indicated that there was a strong correlation between the presence of these two organisms.
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Tanaka, Toshiki, Toshio Sekioka, Masakatsu Usui, and Shinsaku Imashuku. "Opportunistic Infections in Patients with HTLV-1 Infection." Case Reports in Hematology 2015 (2015): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/943867.
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As an acquired immunodeficiency, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is primarily responsible for opportunistic infections in infected patients. However, opportunistic infections also occur in individuals with human T cell lymphotrophic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) infection. Here, we report opportunistic infections in two Japanese HTLV-1-seropositive patients. The first patient was a 67-year-old male, who had cytomegalovirus infection associated with esophagogastritis and terminal ileitis. The patient was HTLV-1-positive and was diagnosed with smoldering adult T cell leukemia (ATL). High levels of serum soluble IL-2 receptor (sIL-2R; 4,304 U/mL) and an increased percentage of CD4+CD25+ T cells (75.5%) in peripheral blood were also detected. The second patient was a 78-year-old female, a known asymptomatic HTLV-1 carrier, who presented with persistent herpes zoster, followed byPneumocystis jiroveciipneumonia. Disease progression of smoldering ATL along opportunistic infections was observed with very high levels of serum sIL-2R (14,058 U/mL) and an increased percentage of CD4+CD25+ T cells (87.2%) in peripheral blood. In patients with suspected opportunistic infections, both HTLV-1 and HIV should be considered. In HTLV-1-positive patients, an increase in the CD4+CD25+ T cell subset may have its value as a prognostic marker.
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AL – Sultan, I. I., and A. A. Shamun. "DIAGNOSIS OF NON-VIRAL INFECTION IN FAOBROCHICKEN BREEDERS." Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Medicine 24, no. 2 (2000): 5–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.30539/ijvm.v24i2.1181.
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This study indicate that the four lines of FAOBRO chicken breeders could be exposed to non-vira1 infections .The range of acceptability were variable from one line of breeders to another. The perccentage of yolk sac infection was ( 44. 3% ) at the age of first week in chickens in all lines. cocidial infection represent percentage ( 27.1% ) in the lines A,C and D only , cases of septicemia were recorded in brooding, rearing and eggs production with a percentage of (21.7%). the highest was seen in the eggs production period Air sacculitis occurrence was in a percentage of (3.5%) from the total cases examined and was seen in line B only at brooding period .Gout cases
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Alwan, Ameen Abdulhasan Al. "Influence of Syphilis Infection on Abortions in Iraq." Journal of Communicable Diseases 54, no. 4 (2022): 41–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.24321/0019.5138.2022101.
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Introduction: Syphilis is a sexually transmitted disease, that may be transferred from mothers to infants during pregnancy if it is left untreated. Method: This study was conducted among 65 women who suffered from recurrent abortions in Iraq. Syphilis screening recombinant (IgM + IgG) level by ELISA, RADIM (Italy) and rapid plasma reagin (RPR) (positive and negative results) tests were used to analyse the data. Results: A non-significant association was observed with age (p=0.989), and the number of healthy births (p=0.643). Non-significant differences were observed in comparisons between smoker and non-smoker percentages in the study group. The rapid test for syphilis confirmation was applied using Rapid Plasma Reagin (RPR) tests. There was a significant elevation in syphilis level (IgG + IgM) in the positive test (p=0.027). The number of abortions and births had a non-significant correlation (p=0.318 and 0.783 respectively). There was a non-significant weak correlation between syphilis level (IgG + IgM) and age. Syphilis level had a non-significant association with the number of abortions, births, and with duration of marriage. The abortion percentage distribution showed a high percentage in the first trimester (75%) in positive RPR patients and 70.7% in negative results of RPR test. The second-trimester cases were low in the positive and negative RPR results than the first-trimester cases. Conclusion: The current study concluded that syphilis infection didn’t have a significant influence on abortion in women and had a non-significant influence on the number of abortions.
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Toman, M., M. Faldyna, and IPavlik. "Immunological characteristics of cattle with Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection." Veterinární Medicína 48, No. 6 (2012): 147–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5762-vetmed.
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Several years lasting clinical and microbiological monitoring of a cattle herd infected with paratuberculosis allowed to identify three groups of animals showing different courses of the infection. Group N (non-shedders) included animals negative by faecal culture throughout the monitoring period. Animals of Group L (low shedders) shed sporadically small quantities of mycobacteria (1 to 9 CFU), but remained clinically healthy throughout the monitoring period. Group H (high shedders) included animals shedding repeatedly large quantities of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (10 CFU) with a progressive deterioration of the state of health in most of them. Animals with specific antibodies detected by agar gel immunodiffusion and complement fixation test were found in all groups, but the percentage of serologically positive animals was higher in animals of Group L and significantly higher (p &lt; 0.01) in animals of Group H than in animals of Group N. Specific cell-mediated immunity was demonstrated especially in the group of low shedders (Group L), the differences&nbsp;in the percentages of interferon gamma assay positive animals in this group and other groups was highly significant (p &lt; 0.01). Only insignificant differences in the counts and activity of peripheral leukocytes were found among groups of clinically healthy animals differing in intensity of M.&nbsp;paratuberculosis shedding. However, the progressive development of clinical signs of paratuberculosis in Group H was associated with a significant (p &lt; 0.01) decrease of lymphocytes and monocytes, a non-significant decrease of neutrophils, a significant (p &lt; 0.05) increase in the percentage of CD4<sup>+</sup> cells and a insignificant decrease in the percentage of CD8<sup>+</sup> cells; consequently the CD4/CD8 ratio increased.
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Cianci, R., M. Pinti, M. Nasi, et al. "Impairment of Recent Thymic Emigrants in HCV Infection." International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology 18, no. 4 (2005): 723–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/039463200501800415.
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Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) often has a more favorable course in younger patients. Considering the involution of the thymic function with age, we investigated the output of recent thymic emigrants (RTE) in HCV patients. To evaluate RTE, we used a competitive quantitative PCR in order to determine the percentages of cells with cj-T cell receptor excision circles (TREC). This study was performed in 14 HCV patients at diagnosis and before any anti-HCV treatment. The results obtained in this group were compared to those obtained in a group of age-matched controls. We found that in the 14 HCV patients naive for anti-HCV treatment the mean percentage of cj-TREC was 3%. We could not detect a correlation between the percentages of cj-TREC and age or patients' viremia. In contrast, in the 26 age-matched controls mean percentage of cj-TREC was 5.6% (P=0.01). Our study describes a novel immune defect in HCV patients. Additional studies are needed to get further insight in the possible role of TREC defect in the pathogenesis and prognosis of the disease.
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Khudhair, A. A., and N. S. Aljarah. "The Role of the Relative Humidity on the Development of Downy Mildew Infection of Cucumber in the Greenhouse in Baghdad." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1252, no. 1 (2023): 012019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1252/1/012019.
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Abstract This study conducted at the Dujail, north of Baghdad, aims to control the downy mildew disease of cucumber based on the ventilation of greenhouses by making three ventilation holes in the plastic cover, in comparison to cultivation into a regular greenhouse (without ventilation holes). Three approved cucumber hybrid were included in this study; Mustaqbal, Jamilah, and Faris. The infection percentage and disease severity rates were calculated since the onset of the disease on March 21st, 2022 until May 18th, 2022. The results showed that the average temperatures (minimum and maximum) and relative humidity were 5-25 ºC and 97% inside the regular greenhouse were suitable for the Pseudoperonospora cubensis natural infection. The highest percentage of infection and disease severity were 30.81 and 23.33%, respectively, reported into the regular greenhouse (without ventilation), compared with the infection percentage and disease severity in the ventilated greenhouses, which were 1.28 and 6.99%, respectively. The percentages of infection of Mustaqbal, Faris and Jamila in the regular greenhouse (without ventilation) were 31.69, 31.40 and 29.35%, respectively, compared to 1.47, 1.17 and 1.21% noticed in the greenhouses with three ventilation holes for the same cucumber varieties, respectively. This study found that three ventilation holes in plastic cover of the greenhouse reduced the percentage infection and disease severity in cucumber plants, by 95.8 and 70% respectively.
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Khaliq, Israa Mohammad Abd AL. "Prevalence of parasitic infections in Al-Kindy Teaching Hospital and Medical City Teaching Hospital." SAR Journal of Pathology and Microbiology 4, no. 04 (2023): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.36346/sarjpm.2023.v04i04.001.
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Background: Intestinal parasitic infections including amoebiasis, blastocystosis, giardiasis, are all worldwide distribution with harmful effects, it is an important cause of morbidity and death rate in the poor countries. Objective: This study was done to collect information of the frequency of these diseases in some regions of Baghdad. Our objectives are to detect the frequency of human pathogenic parasites in some regions of Baghdad in stool samples of patients who would attend to AL-Kindy Teaching Hospital, Medical City Teaching Hospital and to determine the most common age group affected. Materials and Methods: Data were collected from Al-Kindy Teaching Hospital and Medical City Teaching Hospital, in the lab of parasitology from June 2021 to February 2022. The present study included (200) sample, which were collected from patients at different ages of both genders, samples of the study were selected randomly. Results: The results of epidemiological study showed that the total number infected with Entamoeba histolytica parasite was (129) positive samples with total percentage of (64.5%) in both of Al-Kindy Teaching Hospital and Medical City Teaching Hospital, Percentage of infective cases with this parasite in the two hospitals, were (93%, and 36%) respectively, followed by Blastocystis hominis with total number of (59) positive samples and a percentage of (29.5%). The percentage of infective cases with this parasite in the two hospitals, were (5%, and 54%) respectively, and then Giardia lamblia with total number of (12) positive samples, and a percentage of (6%). The percentage of infective cases with this parasite in the two hospitals, were (2%, and 10%) respectively. Males showed higher number and percentage of infection with E. histolytica, (85) case with percentage of (42.5%), while females were (44) case with percentage of (22%), while number and percentage of infection with B. hominis in males were (34) case with percentage of (17%), and females were (25) case with percentage of (12.5%), finally number and percentage of infection with G. lamblia in males (6) cases with percentage of (3%), equal females were (6) case with percentage of (3%). Infection highest percentage happened among age group (20-29) years with percentage of (28%), while the lowest percentage of infection occurred among age group (1-9) years, with percentage (1%), were detected in Medical City Teaching Hospital. In conclusions: Entamoeba histolytica was the most frequent parasite in our study, followed by Blastocystis hominis, while Giardia lambilia was the least frequent one. Also males were more affected than females to parasitic infections, and the most common age group affected was (20-29) years.Health education, safety of food and water must get higher to increase the knowledge of community about diseases caused by intestinal parasites.Using permanent stains, culture, molecular methods, and serological methods for detection of parasites, also making more studies including increasing in number of samples.
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Abd AL-Khaliq, Israa Mohammad. "Prevalence of parasitic infections in Al-Kindy Teaching Hospital and Medical City Teaching Hospital." Archives of Clinical and Experimental Pathology 3, no. 4 (2024): 01–06. https://doi.org/10.31579/2834-8508/033.
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Background: Intestinal parasitic infections including amoebiasis, blastocystosis, giardiasis, are all worldwide distribution with harmful effects, it is an important cause of morbidity and death rate in the poor countries. Objective: This study was done to collect information of the frequency of these diseases in some regions of Baghdad. Our objectives are to detect the frequency of human pathogenic parasites in some regions of Baghdad in stool samples of patients who would attend to AL-Kindy Teaching Hospital, Medical City Teaching Hospital and to determine the most common age group affected. Materials and Methods: Data were collected from Al-Kindy Teaching Hospital and Medical City Teaching Hospital, in the lab of parasitology from June 2021 to February 2022. The present study included (200) sample, which were collected from patients at different ages of both genders, samples of the study were selected randomly. Results: The results of epidemiological study showed that the total number infected with Entamoeba histolytica parasite was (129) positive samples with total percentage of (64.5%) in both of Al-Kindy Teaching Hospital and Medical City Teaching Hospital, Percentage of infective cases with this parasite in the two hospitals, were (93%, and 36%) respectively, followed by Blastocystis hominis with total number of (59) positive samples and a percentage of (29.5%). The percentage of infective cases with this parasite in the two hospitals, were (5%, and 54%) respectively, and then Giardia lamblia with total number of (12) positive samples, and a percentage of (6%). The percentage of infective cases with this parasite in the two hospitals, were (2%, and 10%) respectively. Males showed higher number and percentage of infection with E. histolytica, (85) case with percentage of (42.5%), while females were (44) case with percentage of (22%), while number and percentage of infection with B. hominis in males were (34) case with percentage of (17%), and females were (25) case with percentage of (12.5%), finally number and percentage of infection with G. lamblia in males (6) cases with percentage of (3%), equal females were (6) case with percentage of (3%). Infection highest percentage happened among age group (20-29) years with percentage of (28%), while the lowest percentage of infection occurred among age group (1-9) years, with percentage (1%), were detected in Medical City Teaching Hospital. In conclusions: Entamoeba histolytica was the most frequent parasite in our study, followed by Blastocystis hominis, while Giardia lambilia was the least frequent one. Also males were more affected than females to parasitic infections, and the most common age group affected was (20-29) years. Health education, safety of food and water must get higher to increase the knowledge of community about diseases caused by intestinal parasites. Using permanent stains, culture, molecular methods, and serological methods for detection of parasites, also making more studies including increasing in number of samples.
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Richardus, J. H., A. Donkers, A. M. Dumas, et al. "Q fever in the Netherlands: a sero-epidemiological survey among human population groups from 1968 to 1983." Epidemiology and Infection 98, no. 2 (1987): 211–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268800061938.
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SUMMARYA sero-epidemiological survey, using an indirect immunofluorescence test for IgG against Coxiella burnetii (phase II), was carried out in the Netherlands. Serum samples taken in 1968, 1975, 1979 and 1983 were tested. Occupational groups with a supposedly high risk of infection (veterinarians, residents of dairy farms and taxidermists) showed a significantly higher percentage of seropositives than defined controls. The percentage of seropositive amateur wool spinners was significantly higher than that of the controls from the same region. Since 1968 there has been no increase in the percentage of infected persons, indicating that, contrary to earlier assumptions, Q fever has been endemic in The Netherlands for a long time already. The increase in numbers of notified cases of overt Q fever is considered to be the result of the recent introduction of a sensitive indirect immunofluorescence test for IgM antibodies against C. burnetii. Antibody percentages in all age classes between 1 and 64 years were much alike, suggesting that most infections occur in early childhood. This is in accordance with the finding that 35% of our patients are younger than 3 years. The possibility of infection related to childbirth and lactation is discussed.
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Bougourzi, Fares, Cosimo Distante, Abdelkrim Ouafi, Fadi Dornaika, Abdenour Hadid, and Abdelmalik Taleb-Ahmed. "Per-COVID-19: A Benchmark Dataset for COVID-19 Percentage Estimation from CT-Scans." Journal of Imaging 7, no. 9 (2021): 189. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jimaging7090189.
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COVID-19 infection recognition is a very important step in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic. In fact, many methods have been used to recognize COVID-19 infection including Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR), X-ray scan, and Computed Tomography scan (CT- scan). In addition to the recognition of the COVID-19 infection, CT scans can provide more important information about the evolution of this disease and its severity. With the extensive number of COVID-19 infections, estimating the COVID-19 percentage can help the intensive care to free up the resuscitation beds for the critical cases and follow other protocol for less severity cases. In this paper, we introduce COVID-19 percentage estimation dataset from CT-scans, where the labeling process was accomplished by two expert radiologists. Moreover, we evaluate the performance of three Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) architectures: ResneXt-50, Densenet-161, and Inception-v3. For the three CNN architectures, we use two loss functions: MSE and Dynamic Huber. In addition, two pretrained scenarios are investigated (ImageNet pretrained models and pretrained models using X-ray data). The evaluated approaches achieved promising results on the estimation of COVID-19 infection. Inception-v3 using Dynamic Huber loss function and pretrained models using X-ray data achieved the best performance for slice-level results: 0.9365, 5.10, and 9.25 for Pearson Correlation coefficient (PC), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), respectively. On the other hand, the same approach achieved 0.9603, 4.01, and 6.79 for PCsubj, MAEsubj, and RMSEsubj, respectively, for subject-level results. These results prove that using CNN architectures can provide accurate and fast solution to estimate the COVID-19 infection percentage for monitoring the evolution of the patient state.
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Utami, Putra Rahmadea. "UJI DIAGNOSTIK UJI DIAGNOSTIK PEMERIKSAAN NITRIT DENGAN KULTUR URIN PADA SUSPEK INFEKSI SALURAN KEMIH." Klinikal Sains : Jurnal Analis Kesehatan 9, no. 2 (2021): 131–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.36341/klinikal_sains.v9i2.2099.
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Urinary tract infection (UTI) is the second largest infection after respiratory infection and can cause sepsis. Urinary tract infections occur due to the entry of microorganisms in the urinary tract. The urinary tract that is usually infected is the urethra (urethritis), bladder (cystisis), ureter (ureteristis), kidney tissue (pyelonephritis). This study aims to determine the sensitivity and specificity of the diagnostic test of nitrite examination with urine culture in suspected urinary tract infections. The method of this study is a descriptive-analytical study with a cross-sectional retrospective approach, conducted in the STIKes field laboratory with the population studied in this study were all patients diagnosed with urinary tract infection with a sample size of 50 samples. The results of this study showed positive nitrite results as many as 17 people, 34% percentage, and negative nitrite results as many as 33 people with a percentage of 66% and on urine culture examination obtained positive results as many as 17 people with a percentage of 34%, which results in growth of bacterial colonies on cultures> 100,000 CFU / mL and negative results of 33 people with a percentage of 66%. Sensitivity Results 82%, Specificity 90.9%. The conclusion of this study is the value of sensitivity, high specificity so that the nitrite test with urine culture can be applied to help diagnose UTI.
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Mostafa, Deema K., Intisar Ghanim Abdulwahhab, and Najwa Shihab Ahmed. "Genetic identification of Giardia lamblia in children for Tikrit city, Iraq." Sumer 1 8, CSS 1 (2023): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.21931/rb/css/s2023.08.01.34.
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Giardia lamblia, also known as (Giardia duodenalis or Giardia intestinalis) is the causative agent of giardiasis, and it is the most common parasitic diarrheal disease that affects humans and more than 40 species of other mammals. The study recorded (17) positive cases of Giardia infection out of a total of (47) samples diagnosed microscopically for pediatric patients arriving at Tikrit General Hospital from nearby areas. The results showed that the percentage of positive cases of infection with the Giardia parasite amounted to (36.2%) for PCR, as significant differences appeared when compared with the microscopic examination ( P value< 0.05). Also, the rates of infection with the parasite varied between males and females, and the percentage of infection in males reached (53.2%), while the percentage of infection in females was (43.14%); the results showed the relationship between infection and Giardia by age groups less than one year, where the percentage amounted to 44.6%, followed by the age group 1-2 years, the percentage reached 31.9%, and the lowest percentage was in the age group 3- 4 years 10.6%.PCR technique diagnosed the specific region within the DNA of the parasite Giardia using special primers for the encoded gene (for Giardia2029/Gia2150c) and (for Giardia). Also, it was sequenced and aligned. The isolate in the current study was 100% similar to the globally recorded isolate. In conclusion, the methods of detection of Giardia showed differences in positive results for this parasite. In addition, there are more infections in males than in females aged less than one year more infected than in other ages. Keywords: Giardia lamblia, Giardia2029/Gia2150c, Giardia gene
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Aguilar, M., M. Castejón, and M. García. "Rice seedborne infection in southern Spain." Plant Protection Science 38, SI 1 - 6th Conf EFPP 2002 (2002): S56—S59. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/10320-pps.
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Rice (Oryza sativa) seeds were analysed to determine their potential transmission of pathogenic and saprophytic micro-organisms. In four and three hundred lots (stocks) of seeds, in 1998 and 1999 respectively, proceeding from mechanical drying sheds, none presence of Pyricularia oryzae was detected. It did not happen that way for Drechslera spp., whose presence was detected in 8.3% and 28% of the lots, in 1998 and 1999; within these ones the affected seed average was 1.3% in both years. Fusarium sp. appeared in 41% and 48% of the lots, in 1998 and 1999, respectively; the affected seed percentage, within these lots, oscillated between 1.7 and 2.4%. Regarding Arthrobotris sp. and Curvularia sp. the percentage of both, affected stocks and affected seed within these ones, were lower than 2%. About saprophytic micro-organisms, Alternaria appeared in 51% of the stocks in 1998, and in 38% in 1999, while Nigrospora did it in 39% and 33%. The affected seeds average per stock was about 2%. These low seed infection percentage seems a consequence of the mechanical drying process, that disables parts of the inoculum seed. On the other hand, harvested grain samples from trials established to promote the infection of Pyricularia oryzae in 1998, 1999 and 2000, showed that this pathogen was not present in any of these three years, in line with the seed results mentioned above. However, Pyricularia was present in 55% of the harvested grain samples in 2001 trial, as well as in 40% of the seeds. Seed can be a way of transmission of fungi if proceed from campaigns with a high level of inoculum in field.
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Journal, Baghdad Science. "Study the infection with intestinal protozoa Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lamblia among Patients who attending Bint Al- Huda for maternity and children hospital and Al hussin hospital in Nassriyia city in Thi-Qar province." Baghdad Science Journal 12, no. 3 (2015): 468–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.12.3.468-473.
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The aims of this study the infection with parasites Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lamblia and prevalence rates and their relationship with gende , age group , the number of family members and source of drinking water among the patients at attending the Bint Al Huda and Al- Hussin Teaching hospital in Nassriyia city in Thi- Qar province , it was noticed that the percentage of parasitic infection at females was 38.55% and at males was 61.45% and the percentage of parasitic infection with Entamoeba histolytica 97% was higher than the percentage of parasitic infection with Giardia lamblia 3%,and the reduction of percentage of infection is associated with increasing of the number of family member ,the percentage of infection was 49% at the age group less than one year while it was 4% at the age group more than 15 year ,and the percentage of infection was increasing with number of family members .It was noticed that the higher percentage of infection was (45%) at families with members more than 15 person
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Al-Aboody, Basad A., Sahara Kareem, and NuhaJ Al-Rekabi. "Study the infection with intestinal protozoa Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lamblia among Patients who attending Bint Al- Huda for maternity and children hospital and Al hussin hospital in Nassriyia city in Thi-Qar province." Baghdad Science Journal 12, no. 3 (2015): 468–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.2015.12.3.468-473.
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The aims of this study the infection with parasites Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lamblia and prevalence rates and their relationship with gende , age group , the number of family members and source of drinking water among the patients at attending the Bint Al Huda and Al- Hussin Teaching hospital in Nassriyia city in Thi- Qar province , it was noticed that the percentage of parasitic infection at females was 38.55% and at males was 61.45% and the percentage of parasitic infection with Entamoeba histolytica 97% was higher than the percentage of parasitic infection with Giardia lamblia 3%,and the reduction of percentage of infection is associated with increasing of the number of family member ,the percentage of infection was 49% at the age group less than one year while it was 4% at the age group more than 15 year ,and the percentage of infection was increasing with number of family members .It was noticed that the higher percentage of infection was (45%) at families with members more than 15 person
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Abdulwahed, Thuraya Khaled. "Prevalence of <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> Infection in Breeders, Animals, Soil, and Cats in Baghdad, Iraq." Journal of Medical Science, Biology, and Chemistry 2, no. 1 (2025): 48–53. https://doi.org/10.69739/jmsbc.v2i1.503.
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This study included investigating infections by Toxoplasma gondii parasite from different groups of men and some animals in various places in Baghdad in the year 2023, the study contrasted the relationship of infection to age and educational level of breeders and the type of their animals. The results showed that 84 of blood samples from animal breeders detected the infection rate were 36.90%. In addition, there is a relationship between infection and age. The case study shows that the highest age for infection is 26-30 years, and the percentage was 66.66%. Also, the study included examining 138 blood samples from animals divided into 68 sheep and 70 cows’ infection parasite rate was also 41.30%, and through examining the collection of 120 samples of soil from different areas in the city of Baghdad, the percentage of infection with the Toxoplasma gondii parasite reached 32.50%, addition to the infection rate in cats was 50% by examining 112 stool samples collected from different areas in the same city. In conclusion, this study detects the direct and indirect carriers of infections in Toxoplasma gondii parasite women, through their husbands for some animal breeders in Baghdad.
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Wilkinson, Michelle J., Barbara J. Bain, Lorraine Phelan, and Andrew Benzie. "Increased haemoglobin A2 percentage in HIV infection: disease or treatment?" AIDS 21, no. 9 (2007): 1207–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/qad.0b013e32810c8d16.
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J. Falih, Mohammed, and Abbas K. Hamza. "A Study of Parasitic Ticks That Affects Buffaloes in DHI-QAR and Al-Muthanna Governorates/Iraq." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 16, no. 6 (2022): 689–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs22166689.
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In this study about 140 of different ages buffaloes and from different regions of Dhi-Qar and AL-Muthanna governorates were examined to diagnose their infection with ticks, as well as to determine the prevalence of these infections. Samples were collected from early of October 2021until late of February 2022 along five months. From 140 buffaloes the infection with ticks found in 67 (47.85%) percentage, and the higher proportion was in Dhi Qar governorate (48.71%), while the infection rate of Al-Muthanna governorate was about (46.77%). During this study four types of ticks were obtained, arranged according to the following ratios, Hyalomma. anatolicum showed a highest percentage (45.66%), H.marginatum (31.21%), H.dromedarii (16.76%), and H.scupense (6.35%), since the latter recorded the lowest percentage. The study also showed that the most susceptible part of the buffaloes body was the head and back in a ratios of 45.08%, 40.46% respectively, while the space between legs recorded the lowest susceptible part to these infections in a ratio of 1.73% . Keywords: buffaloes, parasitic ticks, Dhi-Qar
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Lisowska, Katarzyna A., Klaudia Ciesielska-Figlon, Michał Komorniczak, Barbara Bułło-Piontecka, Alicja Dębska-Ślizień, and Anna Wardowska. "Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells and Serum Cytokines in Patients with Lupus Nephritis after COVID-19." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 15 (2024): 8278. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms25158278.
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Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients have an increased risk of infections and infection-related mortality. Therefore, during the global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, SLE patients were particularly vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2 infections. Also, compared to other patients, SLE patients seem to develop more severe manifestations of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), with higher rates of hospitalization, invasive ventilation requirements, or death. This study evaluated the immune parameters after SARS-CoV-2 infection in SLE patients. We analyzed subpopulations of peripheral blood cells collected from patients with renal manifestation of SLE (lupus nephritis, LN). LN patients were divided into two subgroups: those unexposed to SARS-CoV-2 (LN CoV-2(−)) and those who had confirmed COVID-19 (LN-CoV-2(+)) six months earlier. We analyzed basic subpopulations of T cells, B cells, monocytes, dendritic cells (DCs), and serum cytokines using flow cytometry. All collected data were compared to a healthy control group without SARS-CoV-2 infection in medical history. LN patients were characterized by a decreased percentage of helper T (Th) cells and an increased percentage of cytotoxic T (Tc) cells regardless of SARS-CoV-2 infection. LN CoV-2(+) patients had a higher percentage of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and plasmablasts (PBs) and a lower percentage of non-switched memory (NSM) B cells compared to LN CoV-2(−) patients or healthy controls (HC CoV-2(−)). LN patients had a higher percentage of total monocytes compared with HC CoV-2(−). LN CoV-2(+) patients had a higher percentage of classical and intermediate monocytes than LN CoV-2(−) patients and HC CoV-2(−). LN CoV-2(+) patients had higher serum IL-6 levels than HC CoV-2(−), while LN CoV-2(−) patients had higher levels of serum IL-10. LN patients are characterized by disturbances in the blood’s basic immunological parameters. However, SARS-CoV-2 infection influences B-cell and monocyte compartments.
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Saraswat, Pallavi, Rajnarayan R. Tiwari, Muralidhar Varma, Sameer Phadnis, and Monica Sindhu. "Hospital-acquired infection awareness and control practices among healthcare staff: an evaluation." British Journal of Healthcare Management 27, no. 11 (2021): 296–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjhc.2020.0037.
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Background/Aims Hospital-acquired infections pose a risk to the wellbeing of both patients and staff. They are largely preventable, particularly if hospital staff have adequate knowledge of and adherence to infection control policies. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, awareness and practice of hospital-acquired infection control measures among hospital staff. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 71 staff members in a tertiary healthcare facility in Karnataka, India. The researchers distributed a questionnaire containing 33 questions regarding knowledge of hospital-acquired infections, awareness of infection control policies and adherence to control practices. The results were analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, version 16.0 and a Kruskal–Wallis test. Results Respondents' mean percentage score on the knowledge of hospital-acquired infections section was 72%. Their mean percentage scores on the awareness and practice of infection prevention measures sections were 82% and 77% respectively. Doctors and those with more years of experience typically scored higher. Conclusion The respondents had an acceptable level of knowledge, awareness and adherence to infection control practices. However, continued training is essential in the prevention of hospital-acquired infections. The majority of the respondents stated that they were willing to undertake training in this area, and this opportunity should be provided in order to improve infection control quality.
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Al-Janabi, Uday H. K. "Multi-factors assessment in COVID-19 patients: Fungal infection, ABO blood group, and age factors." Medical Journal of Babylon 20, no. 4 (2023): 871–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/mjbl.mjbl_510_23.
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Abstract Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is a serious and global public health concern. Severity of infection, fatality rates, and treatment responses across different countries, age groups, and demographic groups suggest that the nature of infection is diverse. Objectives: Evaluation of several factors: presence of fungal infection, analysis of ABO blood group distribution pattern, age distribution, percentage of death, and well-being outcome for each blood group patient. Materials and Methods: Data collection included the presence of fungal infection and measurement of its percentage. Classification of patients according to ABO blood group and measuring their mean age distribution and death-wellbeing outcome. Results: This study showed the presence of 5% of fungal infection among the patients. This study showed that the distribution of ABO blood group in 90 patients with COVID-19 was as follows: 38.9% (35), 28.9% (26), 26.7% (24), and 5.6% (5) for O, A, B, and AB blood group patients respectively. The analysis of variance study revealed no significant difference in age distribution between different ABO blood group patients. The outcome for these patients was that 35.6% died and 64.4% recovered. A higher percentage of deaths occurred in patients with B blood group (approximately 45.8%, 11 out of 24 patients) and a lower percentage of deaths noted in patients with A blood group (about 34.6%, 9 out of 26 patients). The higher percentage of recovery was among O blood group patients with 71.4% (25 out of 35 patients). The lower percentage of recovery was among B blood group patients with 54.2% (13 out of 24 patients). Conclusion: This study concluded that despite the higher percentage of COVID-19 infections in patients with O blood group, its high good outcome is promising. On the other hand, this point must be taken into consideration while planning vaccinations, since patients with B blood group have a high percentage of deaths and lower percentage of recovery.
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Salehi, Alireza, Mahsa Razavi, and Nasrollah Vahedi Nouri. "Seasonal Prevalence of Helminthic Infections in the Gastrointestinal Tract of Sheep in Mazandaran Province, Northern Iran." Journal of Parasitology Research 2022 (December 21, 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7392801.
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Helminthic infection is the major cause of the sheep’s reduced productivity. In this study, a total number of 240 fecal samples of sheep from stationary flocks of four different zones of Mazandaran province (Amol, Babol, Sari, and Nowshahr cities) were examined each season, out of which 53.33% of animals were affected by the helminthic infections. The most prevalent infecting parasites were the Trichostrongylidae (46.61%), followed by the Fasciola (9.96%). In addition, the Strongyloides had the lowest proportion with only 2.39%. The other detected parasites included Chabertia (5.98%), Cooperia (3.19%), Nematodirus (3.19%), Trichuris (5.58%), Toxocaridae (4.78%), Haemonchus (4.78%), Ostertagia (5.58%), Oesophagostomum (4.78%), and Dicrocoelium (3.19%). The nematodes had the highest percentage with 86.85%, whereas the trematodes followed them with 13.15%. No significant difference was observed between the infection level in females and males, with 56.9% and 43.94% rates of infection, respectively. Significantly lower infection was observed in winter compared with the other seasons. Trichostrongylidae was the dominant genus across all seasons. It was also noted that winter had the lowest percentage of helminthic infection significantly. The eggs per gram of feces was also estimated, and it showed that a significant number of sheep are infected with a moderate number of parasites. In a conclusion, even though livestock farmers have been using antiparasitic drugs in their livestock in recent years, parasitic infection still exists in livestock. Thus, a proper implementation of helminthic infection control programs in this area should be employed as the key element for reducing the high prevalence of livestock helminthic infection.
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العبادي, فاضل عباس. "Epidemiological and Diagnostic Study for Fasciola gigantica in Buffaloes by using PCR Technique at Thi-Qar Province." University of Thi-Qar Journal of Science 4, no. 2 (2014): 45–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.32792/utq/utjsci/v4i2.605.
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The present study includes epidemiological survey for giant liver fluke parasite Fasciola gigantica in immolated buffaloes in slaughter house of Nasirriya city in Thi-Qar Province. The period of study extends from the beginning August 2008 up to end of July 2009. A total of 323 buffaloes were examined with percentage of whole infection 142(43.96%) and intensity of whole infection 17.5. The highest percentage for whole infection in buffaloes is in November 71.43 % and the least one is recorded in August 23.53 %, while the highest intensity of infection is recorded in April 47.91 and their least was in August 5.25 and the significant difference (P<0.01) is found in percentage and intensity of infection in buffaloes during the month of the year. The rate of liver infection percentage in buffaloes 43.96 % is higher than rate of gallbladder infection percentage 7.12 % in all the months of the year. Significant differences are observed in the percentage of infection in both liver and gallbladder during the months of the year (P<0.01). The infection intensity of liver in buffaloes is higher from gallbladder infection intensity in all months of the year with significant differences (P<0.01) except April and May.The age has an influence on thepercentage and intensity of infection in buffaloes.
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Chastain, Ashley, Jordan Harrison, Jingjing Shang, et al. "Infection Hospitalization Trends Among US Home Healthcare Patients, 2013–2018." Antimicrobial Stewardship & Healthcare Epidemiology 1, S1 (2021): s1—s2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ash.2021.4.
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Background: Infections are a frequent cause of hospital (re)admissions for older adults receiving home health care (HHC) in the United States. However, previous investigators have likely underestimated the prevalence of infections leading to hospitalization due to limitations of identifying infections using Outcome and Assessment Information Set (OASIS), the standardized assessment tool mandated for all Medicare-certified HHC agencies. By linking OASIS data with inpatient data from the Medicare Provider Analysis and Review (MedPAR) file, we were able to better quantify infection hospitalization trends and subsequent mortality among HHC patients. Method: After stratification (by census region, ownership, and urban or rural location) and random sampling, our data set consisted of 2,258,113 Medicare beneficiaries who received HHC services between January 1, 2013, and December 31, 2018, from 1,481 Medicare-certified HHC agencies. The 60-day HHC episodes were identified in OASIS. Hospital transfers reported in OASIS were linked with corresponding MedPAR records. Our outcomes of interest were (1) hospitalization with infection present on admission (POA); (2) hospitalization with infection as the primary cause; and (3) 30-day mortality following hospitalization with infection as the primary cause. We identified bacterial (including suspected) infections based on International Classification of Disease, Ninth Revision (ICD-9) and ICD-10 codes in MedPAR. We classified infections by site: respiratory, urinary tract, skin/soft tissue, intravenous catheter-related, and all (including other or unspecified infection site). We also identified sepsis diagnoses. Result: From 2013 through 2018, the percentage of 60-day HHC episodes with 1 or more hospital transfers ranged from 15% to 16%. Approximately half of all HHC patients hospitalized had an infection POA. Over the 6 years studied, infection (any type) was the primary cause of hospitalization in more than a quarter of all transfers (25.86%–27.57%). The percentage of hospitalizations due to sepsis increased from 7.51% in 2013 to 11.49% in 2018, whereas the percentage of hospitalizations due to respiratory, urinary tract, or skin/soft-tissue infections decreased (p <0.001). Thirty-day mortality following a transfer due to infection ranged from 14.14% in 2013 to 14.98% in 2018; mortality rates were highest following transfers caused by sepsis (23.14%-26.51%) and respiratory infections (13.07%-14.27%). Conclusion: HHC is an important source of post-acute care for those aging in place. Our findings demonstrate that infections are a persistent problem in HHC and are associated with substantial 30-day mortality, particularly following hospitalizations caused by sepsis, emphasizing the importance of infection prevention in HHC. Effective policies to promote best practices for infection prevention and control in the home environment are needed to mitigate infection risk.Funding: NoDisclosures: None
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Mohammed, Wissam J., Thamer A. Hussein, Nawres Abdulkareem Tawfeeq, and Dina S. Ibrahim. "Distribution of human papillomavirus in women by genotype, age, education, and geography in Baghdad, 2021-2022." Journal of Biotechnology Research Center 18, no. 2 (2024): 17–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.24126/jobrc.2024.18.2.817.
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Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the main causative agent of cervical cancer and genital warts. HPV infection can be persistent with high-risk HR-HPV genotype. Objective: Investigate the distribution of HPV genotype in Baghdad province, to afford a scientific source for initial detection policies and immunization for cervical tumors in the province. Methodology: From January 2021 to September 2022, 400 women who were tested for HPV genotyping, were referred to the Central Public Health Laboratory (CPHL) in Baghdad province. They have one or more of the following (intermenstrual bleeding, post-menopausal bleeding, post-coital bleeding, vaginal discharge, and warts). Results: The prevalence of HPV infection showed a high percentage in Rusafa about 74.17%, however, Al-karkh showed about 25.83%. Both regions appeared high distribution for genotypes (16&18) as predominant types for HR-HPV. Two major rates of HPV infection have been found in women aged group (20-30) years, about (45.31%) and (36.72%) in women aged (30-40) years, these groups consider reproductive age therefore HR-HPV risking persistent infection. In comparison, HPV infections show (13.28%) among women aged 40-50 years. finally, HPV infection in the elderly group 50-65 years was (4.69%) showing the lowest percentage, also women with secondary education level appeared higher percentage of HPV infection about (42.63%) compared with primary and higher education. Conclusion: The prevalence of high-risk-HPV infection showed a high percentage in Baghdad providence and there was an important for age specificity, in addition to an inverse relationship with the education level.
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Albadri, Mohammed. "Study of epidemiological Helicobacter pylori infection among Iraqi patients." Technium BioChemMed 8 (January 25, 2024): 12–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.47577/biochemmed.v8i.10505.
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Background: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) continues to be a highly prevalent chronic infection on a global scale. Despite an apparent rise in prevalence across numerous countries globally, H.pylori continues to be a significant determinant in the etiology of peptic ulcer disease, gastric cancer, and dyspeptic symptoms. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of H.pylori infection in Baghdad province, Iraq. Patients and methods: This prevalence study was conducted in Baghdad province from March 2019 to March 2023. 240 participants were divided into 120 males and 120 females, all participants suffered from a disorder in the gastrointestinal tract. The presence of H.pylori was identified using the Urea breath test method, a standard procedure employed to diagnose H.pylori or validate the elimination of the pathogen from patients following H.pylori treatment. Results: The research findings indicate that the prevalence of H.pylori infection differs between genders, with females having a higher incidence rate (29.2%) than males (22.5%). The study shows the level of education does not decrease the percentage of infection and the percentage of infected persons in non-literate was (11.6 % ), the secondary level was ( 14.1 % ) and in academic level person ( 22.9 % ). The study shows the age effect on the percentage of infection, in patients aged less than 20 years old the percentage was (7.9 % ), in patients between 21 – and 40 years old the percentage was ( 30.4 % ) which is considered a high percentage, and in age more than 40 years old the percentage decreased to (11.6 %). Conclusion: In conclusion, the study H.pylori infection is influenced by gender, with a greater frequency of infection seen in females. The level of education did not decrease the percentage of infection. The percentage of infection affected by age and the higher percentage the age between (21–and 40) was considered a higher age for infection.
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Engen, R. L., and T. T. Brown. "Changes in phospholipids of alveolar lining material in calves after aerosol exposure to bovine herpesvirus-1 or parainfluenza-3 virus." American Journal of Veterinary Research 52, no. 5 (1991): 675–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.1991.52.05.675.
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SUMMARY Pulmonary lavage samples were collected from 90- to 130-day-old calves before and 6 days after aerosol inoculation with bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1) or parainfluenza-3 (pi3) virus. Alveolar lining material was separated from lavage fluids by high-speed centrifugation and phospholipids were extracted from alveolar lining material and analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. Phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine were 74.2 ± 6.5% and 13.3 ± 2.8%, respectively, of the total phospholipid content in the surfactant obtained from calves before virus inoculation. Other phospholipids were represented by substantially lower percentages. Infection with either of the 2 viruses caused a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in the percentage of phosphatidylcholine to 66.0 ± 8.0% and 65.1 ± 10.8% in the calves inoculated with bhv-1 and pi3 virus, respectively. A significant (P < 0.05) increase in the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine to 18.1 ± 2.2% and 17.8 ± 4.5% developed in calves inoculated with bhv-1 and pi3 virus, respectively. Infection with bhv-1 also induced an increase (not significant) in the percentage of phosphatidylinositol from 5.5± 2.8% to 7.8 ± 2.2%. A similar, but not significant, increase in the percentage of phosphatidylinositol was also seen in the calves inoculated with pi3 virus. Less substantial changes in the percentage of other phospholipids were detected after virus infection.
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M. R. Alshara, Jamal. "Isolation and Identification of Bacterial Wound Infection Isolates and their Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern." Al-Kufa University Journal for Biology 10, no. 2 (2018): 9–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.36320/ajb/v10.i2.8126.
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Wound Infections are continuous to be a major complication with significant increase in costs, morbidity and potential mortality. This study was aim to screening the bacteriological observation on wound infection in both inpatients and outpatients, the effective antibiotic and serotyping for the prevalent bacteria. The study was carried out on two hundred patients of different age groups to isolate the causative organisms encountered in wound infection and their antibiotics. The percentage of wound infection among outpatients was found to be 84%, similarly the percentage of wound contamination inside the hospital (Medical City Teaching Hospital) also was found to be 84%. The relation between sex and wound infection was studied, no effect of sex on the rate of infection was found.A total of 152 bacterial isolates were predominant Staphylococcus aureus (76, 50%), followed by Escherichia coli (36, 23.69%), Beta-haemolytic streptococci(13,8.55%),Klebsiella aerogenes (8,5.26%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa(7,4.6%), Proteus spp.
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Chen, Man, Wei Zhao, Minjing Fu, Peihua Lu, and Hui Wang. "Clinical and Immunological Characteristics of Patients with CMV Infection after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation." Blood 144, Supplement 1 (2024): 4874. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2024-199678.
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Objective To investigate the significance of peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets in distinguishing the cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Methods We included 50 allo-HSCT patients with CMV infection and 47 without, treated at Beijing Ludaopei Hospital from May 2021 to January 2023. Clinical data and lymphocyte subsets at +1 month post-transplantation was collected. The absolute number of lymphocytes and their subsets were analyzed for their predictive significance in patients with CMV infection. Results1. 22% (11/50) of CMV-infected patients had CMV disease with a median viral load of 1600 (1400-5800) copies/ml, significantly higher than 970 (670-2300) copies/ml in patients without CMV disease (z=-2.281, P=0.029).Regardless of whether CMV disease was present, the majority of patients experienced CMV infection in the early post-transplant period.2 The overall survival (OS) at 1 year and at the end of follow-up for patients in the CMV infection group was 80% (40/50), and 87.2% (41/47) for patients in the non-CMV infection group, with no statistically significant difference(c2 = 0.231, P = 0.630). . 3 Infection rate was 30% (6/20) in the ATLG group, significantly lower than 57.1% (44/77) in the ATG group (z=4.683, P=0.030). The number of CD34+ cells transfused in the CMV group was significantly lower than in the non-infection group (Z=-2.944, P=0.003).There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of patient gender, type of underlying disease, pre-transplant disease status (NR/CR), gender match between donor and recipient, blood type match, transplant type (matched related, unrelated, haploidentical), use of TBI, use of third-party donors, and occurrence of GVHD after transplantation (P &gt; 0.05). 4 Compared to the non-infection group, the CMV infection group had poorer immune reconstitution, characterized by a lower percentage of CD3+ T and CD4+ T lymphocytes out of the total lymphocytes. The CMV infection group exhibited an immune state of viral activation, indicated by a higher percentage and absolute count of natural killer (NK) cells out of the lymphocytes, and higher percentages of CD3+CD38+ T cells out of CD3+ T cells, CD4+CD38+ T cells out of CD4+ T cells, and CD8+CD38+ T cells out of CD8+ T cells. Additionally, the CMV infection group had a higher percentage of CD8+ effector memory T cells (TEM) out of CD8+ lymphocytes, a lower percentage of CD4+ naive T cells out of CD4+ lymphocytes, a lower percentage of CD8+ terminal effector (EMRA) T cells out of CD8+ lymphocytes, and a lower percentage of CD8+ naive T cells out of CD8+ lymphocytes. Compared to the non-CMV infection group, T cells in the CMV infection group tended to be in an activated and exhausted state. 5 In the binary logistic regression model, the number of CD34 cells transfused to the patient, the percentage of CD3+CD38+ T cells out of CD3+ T cells, and the percentage of CD4+CD38+ T cells out of CD4+ lymphocytes after transplantation were important independent risk factors for infection. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve results showed that the area under the curve (AUC) for the independent risk factors of CMV infection was 0.914 (&gt;0.7, P &lt; 0.001), with a decision value of 0.702, sensitivity = 0.857, and specificity = 0.844. Conclusion After allo-HSCT, the CMV group showed poorer immune reconstitution, an activated infection state, and T cell exhaustion. CD38 expression on T cells is a valuable marker for CMV infection.
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Nouri, Nasrollah Vahedi, Reza Rahmatian, and Alireza Salehi. "Prevalence of Helminthic Infections in the Gastrointestinal Tract of Cattle in Mazandaran Province (Northern Iran)." Journal of Parasitology Research 2022 (June 7, 2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7424647.
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Ruminant parasites are found in all parts of the world, including the tropical and subtropical regions. Mazandaran province (northern Iran) is one of the areas prone to the activity of gastrointestinal parasites in ruminants. This study was performed in 2020, in order to identify common parasites of cattle gastrointestinal tract, the percentage of the infection, the effect of seasons, and livestock on the amount of infection and determine the severity of infection. In this study, seven genera of gastrointestinal parasites including Strongyloides, Haemonchus, Ostertagia, Cooperia, Trichostrongylus, Oesophagostomum, and Chabertia were identified among 240 cattle. Overall, 34.58% of cows were infected with different kinds of parasites. Based on the average percentage of livestock infected with gastrointestinal parasites across different seasons, winter had the lowest percentage (18.33%) compared to other seasons, which has a statistically significant difference ( P < 0.05 ). Also, we observe that the female cattle’s infection rate, in comparison with males, had no significant difference ( P < 0.05 ). Moreover, 67.17% of the cattle had a moderate level of infection. Despite the fact that farmers use antiparasitic drugs, helminthic infections in cattle are still high. In conclusion, the lack of proper implementation of helminthic infection control programs as well as antiparasitic drug resistance in this area can be a key element for the high prevalence of livestock helminthic infection in these areas.
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Dick, Andrew, Mark Sorbero, E. Yoko Furuya, Mansi Agarwal, and Patricia Stone. "The Burden of Infection in Transfers from Nursing Homes to Hospitals." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 41, S1 (2020): s80—s81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ice.2020.572.
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Background: The focus on infection prevention in nursing homes is growing, but little is known about the role infections play in transfers from nursing home to hospital. Our goals were (1) to identify rates of infection-related transfers to the hospital and (2) to identify trends in these rates from 2011 to 2014. Methods: Using a nationally representative sample of 2,501 nursing homes (2011–2014), elderly resident data from the Minimum Data Set 3.0 were combined with CMS inpatient data (MedPAR). We classified transfers from nursing home to hospital as caused by infection (1) if infection was the primary diagnosis and present on admission (POA) or (2) if infection was indicated as the MedPAR admitting diagnosis code and POA. We classified all transfers, including those caused by infection, for which infection was POA in any of the 25 diagnosis codes as transfers with infection. Types of infection included respiratory, sepsis, urinary tract infection (UTI), and all (including ‘other’). Results: Table 1 shows the number of all-cause transfers and the percentage caused by infections. From 2011 to 2014, the rate of all-cause transfers declined from 0.479 to 0.396 per patient; infections were primarily responsible for ~1 in 3 transfers each year. The rate of transfers caused by sepsis increased by 37% from 2011 to 2014, and the rate for respiratory infections fell by 18%. More than half of all transfers from nursing home to hospital in each year had an infection POA. Although the percentage of transfers caused by any kind of infection increased by >7% during the period, the number of transfers per patient dropped by 17%. Conclusions: A large number of elderly nursing home residents are transferred to hospitals with infection each year. Many of these transitions may be avoidable with improved infection prevention and surveillance in nursing homes. Reduced infection rates would improve health and quality of life of nursing home residents and reduce infection-related inpatient costs.Funding: NoneDisclosures: None
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Reitsema, Maarten, Janneke Heijne, Maartje Visser, et al. "Impact of frequent testing on the transmission of HIV and N. gonorrhoeae among men who have sex with men: a mathematical modelling study." Sexually Transmitted Infections 96, no. 5 (2019): 361–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-2018-053943.
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ObjectivesTo investigate the impact and efficiency of combined testing for HIV and other STIs on HIV and STI transmission among men who have sex with men (MSM) and to assess what subgroups of MSM should be targeted for frequent testing.MethodsWe developed an agent-based transmission model that simulates infection with HIV or Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) among MSM. We examined scenarios with increased percentages of MSM getting tested six monthly, among all MSM or only specific subgroups of MSM (defined according to recent gonorrhoea, number of partners and engagement in condomless anal intercourse (CAI)) and scenarios with reduced intervals between HIV/STI tests.ResultsThe most efficient strategies were those with increased percentage of MSM getting tested every 6 months among MSM with a recent gonorrhoea diagnosis; or among MSM who had CAI and ≥10 partners; or MSM who had ≥10 partners. Over 10 years, these strategies resulted in 387–718 averted HIV infections and required 29–164 additional HIV tests per averted HIV infection or one to seven additional gonorrhoea tests per averted NG infection. The most effective strategy in reducing HIV transmission was the one where the intervals between tests were reduced by half, followed by the strategy with increased percentage of MSM getting tested every 6 months among all MSM. Over 10 years, these strategies resulted in 1362 and 1319 averted HIV infections, but required 663 and 584 additional HIV tests per averted HIV infection, respectively.ConclusionsTargeting MSM with recent gonorrhoea diagnosis or MSM with many partners is efficient in terms of HIV/STI tests needed to prevent new HIV or NG infections. Major reductions in HIV incidence can be achieved with consistent HIV/STI testing every 6 months among larger groups, including low-risk MSM. To impede HIV transmission, frequent testing should be combined with other prevention measures.
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Peng, Bo, Yulin Luo, Shudong Xie, et al. "Proliferation of MDSCs may indicate a lower CD4+ T cell immune response in schistosomiasis japonica." Parasite 31 (2024): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/parasite/2024050.
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Background: Schistosoma japonicum (S. japonicum) is the main species of Schistosoma prevalent in China. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are important immunoregulatory cells and generally expand in parasite infection, but there is little research relating to MDSCs in Schistosoma infection. Methods: Fifty-six S. japonicum-infected patients were included in this study. MDSCs and percentages and absolute cell numbers of lymphocyte subsets, including CD3+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, B cells and natural killer (NK) cells were detected using flow cytometry. The degree of liver fibrosis was determined using color Doppler ultrasound. Results: Patients infected with S. japonicum had a much higher percentage of MDSCs among peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) than the healthy control. Regarding subpopulations of MDSCs, the percentage of granulocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (G-MDSCs) was clearly increased. Correlation analysis showed that the absolute cell counts of T-cell subsets correlated negatively with the percentages of MDSCs and G-MDSCs among PBMCs. The percentage of G-MDSCs in PBMCs was also significantly higher in patients with liver fibrosis diagnosed by color doppler ultrasound (grade > 0), and the percentage of G-MDSCs in PBMCs and liver fibrosis grading based on ultrasound showed a positive correlation. Conclusion: S. japonicum infection contributes to an increase in MDSCs, especially G-MDSCs, whose proliferation may inhibit the number of CD4+ T cells in peripheral blood. Meanwhile, there is a close relationship between proliferation of G-MDSCs and liver fibrosis in S. japonicum-infected patients.
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El-Bramawy M A E-H, S., E. S. El-Hendawy S, and I. Shaban W. "Assessing the suitability of morphological and phenotypical traits to screen sesame accessions for resistance to Fusarium wilt and charcoal rot diseases." Plant Protection Science 45, No. 2 (2009): 49–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/10/2008-pps.
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Since sesame accessions differ significantly in many morphological and phenotypical traits, some of these traits could be suitable for direct selection for resistance to Fusarium wilt and charcoal rot diseases. Forty-eight sesame accessions that originated from different countries were screened for their reaction to infection by <I>Fusarium oxysporum</I > f.sp. <I>sesami</I> (FOS) and <I>Macrophomina phaseolina</I> (MPH), the Fusarium wilt and charcoal rot pathogens, respectively, in 2005 and 2006. The level of infection and seed yield were measured. Number of branches and days to maturity as morphological traits and seed color as phenotypical trait, which represent some of the diversity among the accessions, were tested for possible correlation with infection percentage. We found that 57, 67 and 67% in 2005, and 77, 77 and 62% in 2006 of the accessions resistant to FOS, and 68, 77 and 64% in 2005, and 80, 76 and 60% in 2006 of the accessions resistant to MPH had a medium branch number, medium maturity and creamy seed colour. According to the analysis of regression, branch number and seed colour were significantly correlated with infection percentages by FOS and/or MPH. Therefore, these traits may be used for direct selection of sesame accessions that are resistant to Fusarium wilt and charcoal rot disease. However, no significant correlations were found between days to maturity and infection percentage by both fungi. Linear regression between infection percentage and three groups of branch number and seed colour indicated that the accessions with medium branch number and creamy or white seed colour were the only covariate which significantly correlated with the infection percentage by FOS and/or MPH.
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AL-Gorani, Amal F. "STUDY OF THE PREVALENCE OF INTESTINAL PARASITIC INFECTIONS AMONG CHILDREN IN SHATRAH DISTRICT / THI-QAR PROVINCE - SOUTH OF IRAQ." European Journal of Medical Genetics and Clinical Biology 1, no. 5 (2024): 78–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.61796/jmgcb.v1i5.427.
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The current study aimed to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasites among children from newborns to ten years of age in different areas affiliated with the Shatra district in Dhi Qar Governorate in southern Iraq, as these areas suffer from poor health and living services in addition to a lack of awareness and interest in personal and health hygiene. The study was designed by taking 100 A random sample from different areas. The results were 25% of healthy children, while 75% were infected. The widespread infections were with the parasites Giardia lamblia and Entamoeba histolytica. The results confirmed that most of the infected children were between two and four years of age, in addition to the fact that the most common infections were the combined infections of the Entamoeba parasite and Giardia for the same infected people, with a very high rate of up to 56%, while the infection of children with the Entamoeba parasite alone was 18.7% and Giardia alone was 25.3% in addition. The percentage of females is 65% while the percentage of males is 35% in parasitic infections and The infection rate in the countryside was higher than the infection rate in cities, as the infection rate in the countryside was (55%) and in the cities (45%).
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Tomaszewska, Agata, Alicja Jeleniewska, Klaudia Porębska, et al. "Immunomodulatory Effect of Infectious Disease of a Breastfed Child on the Cellular Composition of Breast Milk." Nutrients 15, no. 17 (2023): 3844. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu15173844.
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Recent studies suggest that the content of immune components in milk is influenced by the mother’s health and also by the infant she feeds. We aimed to evaluate the effect of a child’s respiratory tract infection on the cellular composition of breast milk (neutrophils, monocytes, eosinophils, lymphocytes, and their subpopulations). Twenty-six breastfeeding mothers whose children were hospitalized for respiratory tract infections were enrolled in the study. The control group consisted of 23 mothers of healthy children. Regarding the children, baseline laboratory blood tests were performed, and nasal swabs were taken for the presence of RS virus. In the next step, milk samples were collected from the mothers to assess the cellular composition of the milk, including neutrophils, monocytes, eosinophils, lymphocytes, and their subpopulations. Significantly higher percentages of T lymphocytes (helper and cytotoxic lymphocytes) were observed in the milk of the studied mothers. There was a significantly higher percentage of milk lymphocytes in the group of affected children with confirmed RSV etiology than in children with excluded RSV etiology. A significant positive correlation was observed between the duration of infection and the percentage of milk NK cells and between milk CD19 lymphocytes and the child’s serum leukocytosis. This study may provide evidence of a link between cells in breast milk and disease in the breastfed infant. The severity of the infection, its duration, and the etiological agent of the infection may affect the cellular composition of milk.
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Rodovikov, S. A., A. A. Churakov, N. M. Popova, and S. V. Khizhnyak. "Soil microbial communities as a source of strains for the biological protection of soybeans against fusarium in the Yenisei Siberia." Bulletin of Nizhnevartovsk State University, no. 2 (June 20, 2020): 4–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.36906/2311-4444/20-2/01.
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Eighteen strains of bacterial antagonists inhibiting growth of Fusarium pathogens of soybean were isolated from soil microbial communities of the Yenisei Siberia. The two most active antagonists (RSA-1 strain, prelimi-nary identified as Bacillus sp., and RSA-13 strain, preliminary identified as Streptomyces sp.) were tested as biological agents to protect soybeans from Fusarium infections in vitro. In the absence of artificial infection, the RSA-1 strain reduced the Fusarium incidence by 25 percentage points (from 61.5% to 36.5%, the statistical significance of the effect was p <0.001), and the RSA-13 strain reduced the Fusarium incidence by 32 percentage points (to 29.5%, the statistical significance of the effect p <0.001). Artificial infection of soybean with Fusarium increased the disease incidence up to 83.5% and reduced the length of seedlings by 1.9 times. In case of artificial infection with Fusarium, the RSA-1 strain statistically significantly (p <0.001) reduced the incidence of the disease by 29 percentage points and statistically significantly (p <0.001) reduced the inhibitory effect of the infection on seedling growth. Strain RSA-13 did not affect the incidence of the disease, however, statistically significantly (p <0.001) reduced the inhibitory effect of infection on the growth of seedlings.
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Abass Essa, Haki Abdul. "Diagnostic study of coccidiossis in sheep of AL-Kufa." Kufa Journal For Veterinary Medical Sciences 2, no. 2 (2011): 61–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.36326/kjvs/2011/v2i23910.
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The study were conducted on the percentage of infection of coccidiosis in 175 head of sheep in fefferents area of kuff city and evaluate the effects of age ,sex, and , season during the period from the beginning of (December 2010 to end of June 2011). Samples were collected as 94 samples of meal and 81 samples female. Sifnificant difference were recorded in the percentage infection among the different areas . the highest percent in abbassia and alhurria (85% and 82% ) while the lowest in city center and albarakia ( 76.3% and 73% )the results revealed that the overall percentage of infecting was 78.71% and higher prevalence rates were recorded in sheep less than 7 mouths of age 84.2% the result show differed significantly among different months , the highest percentage was on January and February ( 85.5% and 89.20% ) respectively.