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Academic literature on the topic 'Infections à VIH – Anthropologie – Cameroun'
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Journal articles on the topic "Infections à VIH – Anthropologie – Cameroun"
Laborde-Balen, Gabrièle, Odile Elad, and Bernard Taverne. "« Tu as grillé ta première ligne ! ». Anthropologie de l’échec thérapeutique dans le traitement du VIH au Cameroun." Anthropologie et Santé, no. 20 (May 15, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/anthropologiesante.6321.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Infections à VIH – Anthropologie – Cameroun"
Djetcha, Sophie. "Hommes et femmes dans le traitement social de l'infection à VIH au Cameroun." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX32075/document.
Full textThe HIV epidemic has brought the issue of risk and disease into relations between women and men. Among the strategies set up from the individual to the collective level, varied in different situations and shaped by culturally framed representations, those relating to people living with HIV are crucial. This "social treatment" is marked by differences and similarities between men and women, which induce some reconstructions of the relationships between men and women. This research, which belongs simultaneously to the fields of medical anthropology and anthropology of gender, describes and analyzes the gender dimension of the social treatment of HIV infection in the health care system in Cameroon. The analysis of disease representations through health messages from 1980 to 2000 reveals the gender stereotypes prevalent in the Cameroonian society and their use in prevention. The experience of men and women living with HIV in the health care system then shows the differences between their perceptions and behavior, whether patients or health professionals, from announcement of HIV status by health professionnals to disclosure to partner. Then men and women’s experience of antiretroviral therapy reveal gender dimensions in the health care system. Finally, the study of the management of sexuality, pregnancy and infant feeding shows how the social roles of men and women are built in a special way for people living with HIV, as a window an aspect of gender in Cameroonian society
Ngangue, Patrice, and Patrice Ngangue. "Le retour pour les résultats et le conseil post-test après un dépistage volontaire du VIH dans la ville de Douala, Cameroun : étude des déterminants individuels, interpersonnels, organisationnels et structurels." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27724.
Full textIntroduction: Le conseil et le dépistage représentent l’une des principales stratégies de prévention du VIH. Il s’agit de la porte d’accès aux services de prise en charge thérapeutique et psychosociale et d’une opportunité de modifier les comportements à risque. Toutefois, les taux de dépistage du VIH demeurent bas dans les pays d’Afrique subsaharienne. Au Cameroun, les résultats de l’Enquête Démographique et de Santé à Indicateurs Multiples réalisée en 2011 ont montré que 4,3 % des individus âgés de 15 à 49 ans étaient séropositifs. Selon cette même enquête, une proportion importante de femmes (30 %) et d’hommes infectés (36 %) n’ont jamais effectué de test du VIH ou encore, ont effectué un test, mais n’en connaissent pas le résultat. En vue d’accroitre l’efficacité des stratégies de conseil et dépistage, cette recherche vise à identifier les facteurs qui motivent et empêchent les personnes qui se font dépister volontairement pour le VIH à revenir prendre connaissance de leurs résultats. Méthodes: Afin de répondre à cet objectif, nous avons eu recours à une étude de cas unique combinant des méthodes qualitatives et quantitatives et dans laquelle nous avons réalisé: (1) une recension systématique des écrits sur les barrières et les facteurs qui facilitent le retour pour les résultats; (2) une étude rétrospective, sur 5 ans, des données de routine des personnes ayant fait un test de dépistage dans six hôpitaux de district de la ville de Douala; (3) une étude qualitative visant à identifier les attitudes, les perceptions et les croyances sur le retour pour les résultats des personnes venues se faire dépister pour le VIH; et enfin, (4) une étude qualitative des défis dans la délivrance du conseil et dépistage du VIH et leur implication sur la qualité des services de conseil et de dépistage du VIH selon la perspective du personnel en charge du conseil et dépistage dans les hôpitaux de district de la ville de Douala au Cameroun. La collecte de données a consisté en un recueil des données à partir des registres de conseil et de dépistage, des entretiens semi-dirigés et des observations non participantes. Résultats: Les résultats principaux montrent que les facteurs qui expliquent le retour ou non pour les résultats et le conseil post-test sont à la fois: (1) individuels (âge, profession, la raison du test, le résultat du test, l'état de santé, le besoin de changer de comportement); (2) interpersonnels (l'influence des parents, des enfants et du conjoint); (3) organisationnels (le temps d'attente pour les résultats, l'absence de confidentialité et d'intimité lors du conseil, la formation, la rémunération et la reconnaissance des conseillers) et (4) structurels (la disponibilité de la prise en charge, la peur de la discrimination et de la stigmatisation). Conclusion: Les résultats de ce travail prouvent que le problème du retour pour les résultats après un dépistage volontaire est une réalité et qu’au-delà de la responsabilité individuelle, il existe des problèmes organisationnels et structurels qui y contribuent. Il est donc nécessaire et urgent que les autorités sanitaires de la ville de Douala réorganisent la procédure du conseil et de dépistage afin de la rendre plus efficiente. Mots clés : VIH/SIDA, dépistage, connaissance des résultats, connaissances, attitudes et pratiques en santé, étude de cas, Cameroun
Introduction: HIV testing and counselling (HTC) is a cornerstone of the prevention and treatment of HIV/AIDS. HTC offers the opportunity to benefit of counselling and changing of behaviours. HTC is also seen as the gateway to various other forms of treatment and psychosocial support. However, HIV testing rates remains low especially in sub-Saharan Africa. In Cameroon, data from the 2011 Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) show that 4.3 % of people between 15 and 49 are HIV-positive. In addition, it is estimated that a significant proportion of infected women (30 %) and infected men (36 %) had never tested for HIV or had undergone testing, but ignore the results. In order to increase the effectiveness of HTC procedures in Cameroon, this research aimed to identify factors that motivate and prevent people who are voluntarily tested for HIV to return for their results. Methods: The methodology was a unique case study combining qualitative and quantitative methods. We realized: (1) a systematic literature review of barriers and facilitators associated to the return for HIV test results; (2) a retrospective analysis of HTC records over 5 years; (3) a qualitative study based on theory of planned behaviour to identify the attitudes, perceptions and beliefs that may influence the return for HIV test results; (4) a qualitative study based on Donabedian’s framework to identify the factors influencing the quality of HTC services in six Douala’s district hospitals. Data collection consisted of HTC records, semi-structured interviews with individuals who underwent a voluntary HIV test, nurses and counsellors, and non-participant observation of the physical environment. Results: The main results show that the factors influencing the return for HIV results and post-test counselling are multi-level: (1) individual level (age, occupation and reason for the test, the test result, the health status, the need to behaviour change); (2) interpersonal (the influence of parents, children and spouse); (3) organizational (the waiting time for results, lack of confidentiality and privacy during counselling, training, compensation and recognition of counsellors) and (4) structural (availability of the treatment, fear of discrimination and stigma). Conclusion: The results of this research indicate that the problem of the return for results after a voluntary testing is a reality and goes beyond individual responsibility. There are organizational and structural problems, which play a major role. Therefore, it is necessary and urgent for the health authorities of the city of Douala to reorganize the procedure of counselling and testing to make it more efficient. Key words: HIV/AIDS, screening, case study, knowledge of results, Health knowledge; Attitudes; Practices, Cameroon
Introduction: HIV testing and counselling (HTC) is a cornerstone of the prevention and treatment of HIV/AIDS. HTC offers the opportunity to benefit of counselling and changing of behaviours. HTC is also seen as the gateway to various other forms of treatment and psychosocial support. However, HIV testing rates remains low especially in sub-Saharan Africa. In Cameroon, data from the 2011 Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) show that 4.3 % of people between 15 and 49 are HIV-positive. In addition, it is estimated that a significant proportion of infected women (30 %) and infected men (36 %) had never tested for HIV or had undergone testing, but ignore the results. In order to increase the effectiveness of HTC procedures in Cameroon, this research aimed to identify factors that motivate and prevent people who are voluntarily tested for HIV to return for their results. Methods: The methodology was a unique case study combining qualitative and quantitative methods. We realized: (1) a systematic literature review of barriers and facilitators associated to the return for HIV test results; (2) a retrospective analysis of HTC records over 5 years; (3) a qualitative study based on theory of planned behaviour to identify the attitudes, perceptions and beliefs that may influence the return for HIV test results; (4) a qualitative study based on Donabedian’s framework to identify the factors influencing the quality of HTC services in six Douala’s district hospitals. Data collection consisted of HTC records, semi-structured interviews with individuals who underwent a voluntary HIV test, nurses and counsellors, and non-participant observation of the physical environment. Results: The main results show that the factors influencing the return for HIV results and post-test counselling are multi-level: (1) individual level (age, occupation and reason for the test, the test result, the health status, the need to behaviour change); (2) interpersonal (the influence of parents, children and spouse); (3) organizational (the waiting time for results, lack of confidentiality and privacy during counselling, training, compensation and recognition of counsellors) and (4) structural (availability of the treatment, fear of discrimination and stigma). Conclusion: The results of this research indicate that the problem of the return for results after a voluntary testing is a reality and goes beyond individual responsibility. There are organizational and structural problems, which play a major role. Therefore, it is necessary and urgent for the health authorities of the city of Douala to reorganize the procedure of counselling and testing to make it more efficient. Key words: HIV/AIDS, screening, case study, knowledge of results, Health knowledge; Attitudes; Practices, Cameroon
Tagnouokam, Ngoupo Paul Alain. "Fréquence et profil génétique des doubles infections VIH-1/M+O et formes recombinantes VIH-1/MO au Cameroun." Rouen, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ROUENR11.
Full textFrequency and genetic profile of HIV-1/M+0 dual infections and HIV-1/1V10 recombinant forms circulating in Cameroon Despite the great genetic divergence between the pandemic HIV-1/M and non pandemic HIV-1/0, four HIV-1/MO intergroup recombinants have been reported in 1999 and 2010. In Cameroon, the co-circulation of two groups (M and 0) provides an ideal environment for HIV-1/MO recombination to occur. In a previous work, we reported new dual infections and six HIV-LIMO putative recombinant forms, associated to or not to dual infections. However, this study had some epidemiological and technical limitations. In the present study, we aimed to estimate the frequency and to characterize genetic profiles of HIV-1/M+0 dual infections, as well as HIV-11M0 recombinant forms in Cameroon. From March 2013 to June 2015, 275 HIV infected patients from Centre Pasteur of Cameroon were included in the study, based on serotyping test, enabling to distinguish HIV serotypes M, 0 and M+0. HIV-1/M and HIV-1/0 specific PCR were further performed in the pol and env genes, in order to confirm serological reactivities, and to detect pollenv discordance, characteristic of putative recombinants. In the likelihood of M+0 dual infections and/or presence of MO recombinant, a breakpoint in the vpr gene, considered a hotspot of recombination was investigated. Finally, full length genomes of recombinants were characterized and genetic link with previous recombinants was investigated by phylogenetic analyses. Among the 275 patients, 199 (72. 4%) were HIV-1/M mono-reactive, 47(17. 1%) HIV-1/0 mono-reactive, and 29 (10. 5%) were M+0 dual reactive. HIV-1/M+0 dual infections were identified in 4 patients (1. 4%), and the presence of recombinants forms in 3 patients (1. 1%). The first recombinant form was detected in a husband and his wife, and was not associated to dual infection, and the second recombinant form was associated to a parental HIV-1/M virus. Full length genomes characterization identified recombinant breakpoints in the vpr gene and the LTR region for the first recombinant form, and in the vpu gene and the LTR region for the second form. No link between these recombinants and previous recombinants was found. HIV-1/M subtypes and HIV-1/0 sub-groups were concordant with the present molecular epidemiology of HIV infection in Cameroon, that is, the predominance of CRF02_AG and HIV-1/0 sub-group H. Geographical origins of patients with HIV-1/M+0 dual infections and HIV-1/M0 recombinants showed that they were from five administrative regions of Cameroon. In this study, we described seven new cases of HIV-1/M+0 dual infections and HIV-1/MO recombinants, thus confirming the co-circulation of these forms in Cameroon. Even though their frequency remains low, these forms are found in different geographical regions of Cameroon, pointing out their diffusion potential. We also characterized full length genomes of two new HIV-1/MO recombinants, and identified breakpoints in vpr and vpu genes as well as LTR regions. No link between these recombinants and previous recombinants was found, showing the circulation of multiple URFs, and the great dynamic evolution between HIV-1/M and HIV-1/0. It is therefore, necessary to improve the surveillance of HIV-11M0 recombinant forms in Cameroon, in order to detect potential emergence of a CRF_MO, and to further study their virological and phenotypic properties
Lydié, Nathalie. "Les chemins du sida : migrations, mouvements de population et infection à VIH au Cameroun." Paris 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA010559.
Full textAghokeng, Fobang Avelin. "Diversite génétique des lentivirus humains et simiens au Cameroun : implication pour la santé publique." Montpellier 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MON20008.
Full textLaborde-Balen, Gabrièle. "Au-delà du traitement du sida : une anthropologie de l’échec thérapeutique au Cameroun." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM3116/document.
Full textWhen antiretroviral treatment becomes widespread in countries in the Global South, the emergence of viral resistance related to treatment failures is a threat for individuals and the general public. In Cameroon, various constraints hinder the prevention, detection and case management of treatment failures. Through an anthropological approach, this dissertation explores the context and determinants of treatment failures. Nonadherence is the main cause of their onset. Medical and psychosocial teams must face a lack of suitable guidelines and procedures. Also, notification of the failure is often associated with placing blame on patients, on whom caregivers assign sole responsibility for the failure. Adaptation in facilities is limited. Medical and psychosocial care is focused on starting treatment and making changes in treatment, but long-term follow-up does not exist. Patients’ perceptions of antiretrovirals are hampered by failures. The failure redefines power relationships and trust between caregivers and patients. Caregivers’ attitudes vacillate between compassion and condemnation, while the failure reinforces the patients’ dependence. This dissertation aims to contribute to the anthropological discussion on medicines, the health system and the caregiver-patient relationship as well as to improve care for patients with treatment failure to ensure the continued effectiveness of antiretroviral therapies that underlie any hopes of one day eradicating the epidemic
Mauclere, Philippe. "Séroépidémiologie, diversité génétique et transmissions interespèces des infections rétrovirales HTLV/STLV et VIH/SIV au Cameroun." Paris 5, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA05N098.
Full textThe sub region of Central Africa is currently considered as the cradle of the retroviral genetic diversity for primates. In Cameroon in the year 1991, the awareness of the HTLV-1 endemic was based on preliminary seroprevalences, and no case of HTLV-2 was still identified. As HIV/AIDS epidemics started out its starling growth, the major variants of HIV-1 were not known as circulating strains in the country, and no research on SIV were conducted on primates. The aim of the study, which was carried out in Cameroon between 1991 and 1997, and in Pasteur Institut in Paris in 1997 and 1998, is to introduce a technical process for the genetic diversity human retroviruses exploration, to characterize retroviral human and simian variant strains
Tchendjou, tankam Patrice Yves. "Conseil prénatal du VIH orienté vers le couple : faisabilité et effets sur la prévention du VIH au Cameroun." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0334/document.
Full textIt is a little above 30 years that the first cases of AIDS resulting from HIV infection were described in the United States of America. This disease remains a public health problem worldwide, with a great social and economic impact. In 2012, it was reported that the disease had already caused over 25 million deaths, and yet every year, more than 70% of the 2.3 million new HIV infections occurred in Africa, where there are only 12% of the world’s population. In Africa, there is a peculiar evolution of this infection overtime. After nearly two decades of promoting the ABC programs (abstinence, be faithful, condoms); promotion of counseling and testing; or more recently, introduction of pre- and post-exposure prophylaxis, usage of antiretroviral therapy as treatment and prevention, the prevalence of HIV remained stable or decreased in the most at-risk populations but increased dramatically in the formerly low-risk populations. Recent data from South Africa, Botswana an Cameroon showed that the prevalence of HIV is twice as much in women as in men and was higher in the population age range of 30 to 45 years, which constitute the economic livelihood of the continent. Furthermore, in some countries like in Cameroon, HIV prevalence was reported to be higher in stable couples (married, prolonged cohabitation etc.). It therefore seems necessary to revise the actual strategies of HIV prevention to deal with the new facet of the HIV epidemic in the African context. This thesis, which is a reported experience from an operational research, presents the results of the evaluation of a new intervention so called couple-oriented HIV counseling (COC), built by using the health belief model. It is an enhanced HIV post-test counseling offered during prenatal HIV testing, in replacement of the classical HIV post-test counseling. The originality of this study was the quality of our study design with a good level of proof and the public health perspective of the new strategy. To realize the study, we adopted two methodological approaches. The first one, acting as a proof of concept, was a randomized trial, conducted in a reference structure in an urban area (ANRS 12127-Prenahtest trial), to evaluate the efficiency of the new COC intervention to improve prenatal HIV testing of male partners, couple counseling for HIV and spousal communication about. Besides the effects of the COC, we documented other conditions for the improvement of previously mentioned indicators. After the proof of concept phase, we realized a second stage which consisted of scaling-up of the new intervention, with implementation conditions very close to the field conditions to take into account the future needs of transferability in practical standard care conditions. The study design used for this phase was the before/ after study (SIMECAM – FGSK project). This type of study was chosen to take into account the organization of the health system with three categories of health facilities at the peripheral level (district hospitals, divisional medical centers and integrated health centers). It also took into account the ethical component resulting from the superiority of the new intervention of COC described in an urban area
Kojoué, Kamga Larissa. "Enfants et VIH/sida au Cameroun. Construction et implications de l'agenda politique." Phd thesis, Université Montesquieu - Bordeaux IV, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00958156.
Full textMbiaga, Cyrille. "Contributions méthodologiques à une analyse de la dynamique socio-spatiale des infections à VIH en Afrique centrale : régions de Batouri (Cameroun), Berberati (Centrafrique)." Aix-Marseille 3, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999AIX30088.
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