Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Infections à VIH – Dépistage – Bénin'
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Batona, Georges. "Promouvoir le dépistage volontaire du VIH chez les travailleuses du sexe au Bénin : développement, mise en oeuvre et évaluation d'une intervention." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27655.
Full textThis research project based on the intervention mapping framework aimed to develop, implement and evaluate an intervention that encourages female sex workers (FSW) to get regularly tested for HIV (every three months) in adapted health services (AS). The research was structured in three phases. The first phase was to identify the factors associated with the intention of FSW to get tested for HIV within the next three months based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB). Structural equation modeling showed that 55% of the variance in intention is explained by the theoretical model, and that the main predictors sorted in descending order of importance are as follow: perceived behavioral control (β = 0.26; P < 0.001); descriptive norms (β = 0.24; P < 0.001); behavioral beliefs (β = 0.22; P < 0.001); the habit (β = 0.20; P < 0.001); attitude (β = 0.12; P = 0.01); perceived risk (β = 0.07; P = 0.03) and the normative beliefs (β = 20.07; P = 0.03). The second phase focused on the development and implementation of an intervention based on the results from the first phase. The intervention included activities targeting changes at both the individual and environmental levels, through various methods such as motivational counseling, peer education, persuasive communication, capacity building, the reorganization of clinical services, consultation meetings, and strategies adapted to the context of the environment and needs of FSW. The third phase, which aimed to assess the implementation and the effects of the targeted intervention, showed its efficacy in increasing the proportion of FSW who adopt HIV testing every three months. The results point out to a positive and significant relationship between exposure to intervention and the adoption of the desired behavior. When exposure to the activities of the intervention increases by one unit, the odds of adoption of HIV testing among FSW increases by 13% (odds ratio: 1.13; 95 % confidence interval [1.10; 1.14]; p < 0.001). A dose-response relationship is highlighted, showing that the more FSW are exposed to promotion activities, the more likely they adopt HIV testing.
Boisvert, Moreau Marianne. "Exploration des éléments influençant la mise en oeuvre, la distribution et l'utilisation des autotests du VIH chez les travailleuses du sexe à Cotonou et ses environs." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/69814.
Full textIn Benin, a high burden of HIV is observed in female sex workers (FSWs). Despite the importance given totesting services in HIV control, its uptake among FSWs remains suboptimal in Benin. HIV self-testing (HIVST) may be useful for increasing testing rates in FSWs. We conducted a pilot study of the distribution of HIVST kits among FSWs in Cotonou, Benin. The HIVST distribution model included three complementary strategies: community-based, facility-based and secondary distribution. In this qualitative study, we explored the elements influencing HIVST implementation, distributionand use among FSWs. We conducted 29 semi-structured individual interviews with professional FSWs. Datawere interpreted with a thematic analysis method, using the Theoretical Domains Framework.Only two FSWs (6.9%) were aware of HIVST before participating in the study. All participants were interested inusing HIVST if available in Benin. Many advantages of HIVST were mentioned, such as: autonomy, privacy,discretion, accessibility, rapidity and the fact that it is a painless test. Barriers to the use of HIVST included: the possible unreliability, the lack of psychological support and medical follow-up and the possibility of result dissimulation. Participants thought HIV self-tests were easy to use, and were confident they could use it correctly without assistance. HIVST enabled linkage to care for a few FSW in denial of their HIV-positive status. No case of suicide or violence associated with HIVST was reported. HIV self-tests secondary distribution within FSWs social network was well received. Some FSWs reported using HIVST to practice serosorting or to guide their decisions concerning condom use. Findings indicate that HIVST use and secondary distribution are highly acceptable and feasible among FSWs in Cotonou. Results also demonstrate the feasibility of implementing HIV self-tests distribution of in Benin. HIVST should be available in Benin quickly and free of charge to all individuals at risk of HIV.
Ngangue, Patrice, and Patrice Ngangue. "Le retour pour les résultats et le conseil post-test après un dépistage volontaire du VIH dans la ville de Douala, Cameroun : étude des déterminants individuels, interpersonnels, organisationnels et structurels." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27724.
Full textIntroduction: Le conseil et le dépistage représentent l’une des principales stratégies de prévention du VIH. Il s’agit de la porte d’accès aux services de prise en charge thérapeutique et psychosociale et d’une opportunité de modifier les comportements à risque. Toutefois, les taux de dépistage du VIH demeurent bas dans les pays d’Afrique subsaharienne. Au Cameroun, les résultats de l’Enquête Démographique et de Santé à Indicateurs Multiples réalisée en 2011 ont montré que 4,3 % des individus âgés de 15 à 49 ans étaient séropositifs. Selon cette même enquête, une proportion importante de femmes (30 %) et d’hommes infectés (36 %) n’ont jamais effectué de test du VIH ou encore, ont effectué un test, mais n’en connaissent pas le résultat. En vue d’accroitre l’efficacité des stratégies de conseil et dépistage, cette recherche vise à identifier les facteurs qui motivent et empêchent les personnes qui se font dépister volontairement pour le VIH à revenir prendre connaissance de leurs résultats. Méthodes: Afin de répondre à cet objectif, nous avons eu recours à une étude de cas unique combinant des méthodes qualitatives et quantitatives et dans laquelle nous avons réalisé: (1) une recension systématique des écrits sur les barrières et les facteurs qui facilitent le retour pour les résultats; (2) une étude rétrospective, sur 5 ans, des données de routine des personnes ayant fait un test de dépistage dans six hôpitaux de district de la ville de Douala; (3) une étude qualitative visant à identifier les attitudes, les perceptions et les croyances sur le retour pour les résultats des personnes venues se faire dépister pour le VIH; et enfin, (4) une étude qualitative des défis dans la délivrance du conseil et dépistage du VIH et leur implication sur la qualité des services de conseil et de dépistage du VIH selon la perspective du personnel en charge du conseil et dépistage dans les hôpitaux de district de la ville de Douala au Cameroun. La collecte de données a consisté en un recueil des données à partir des registres de conseil et de dépistage, des entretiens semi-dirigés et des observations non participantes. Résultats: Les résultats principaux montrent que les facteurs qui expliquent le retour ou non pour les résultats et le conseil post-test sont à la fois: (1) individuels (âge, profession, la raison du test, le résultat du test, l'état de santé, le besoin de changer de comportement); (2) interpersonnels (l'influence des parents, des enfants et du conjoint); (3) organisationnels (le temps d'attente pour les résultats, l'absence de confidentialité et d'intimité lors du conseil, la formation, la rémunération et la reconnaissance des conseillers) et (4) structurels (la disponibilité de la prise en charge, la peur de la discrimination et de la stigmatisation). Conclusion: Les résultats de ce travail prouvent que le problème du retour pour les résultats après un dépistage volontaire est une réalité et qu’au-delà de la responsabilité individuelle, il existe des problèmes organisationnels et structurels qui y contribuent. Il est donc nécessaire et urgent que les autorités sanitaires de la ville de Douala réorganisent la procédure du conseil et de dépistage afin de la rendre plus efficiente. Mots clés : VIH/SIDA, dépistage, connaissance des résultats, connaissances, attitudes et pratiques en santé, étude de cas, Cameroun
Introduction: HIV testing and counselling (HTC) is a cornerstone of the prevention and treatment of HIV/AIDS. HTC offers the opportunity to benefit of counselling and changing of behaviours. HTC is also seen as the gateway to various other forms of treatment and psychosocial support. However, HIV testing rates remains low especially in sub-Saharan Africa. In Cameroon, data from the 2011 Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) show that 4.3 % of people between 15 and 49 are HIV-positive. In addition, it is estimated that a significant proportion of infected women (30 %) and infected men (36 %) had never tested for HIV or had undergone testing, but ignore the results. In order to increase the effectiveness of HTC procedures in Cameroon, this research aimed to identify factors that motivate and prevent people who are voluntarily tested for HIV to return for their results. Methods: The methodology was a unique case study combining qualitative and quantitative methods. We realized: (1) a systematic literature review of barriers and facilitators associated to the return for HIV test results; (2) a retrospective analysis of HTC records over 5 years; (3) a qualitative study based on theory of planned behaviour to identify the attitudes, perceptions and beliefs that may influence the return for HIV test results; (4) a qualitative study based on Donabedian’s framework to identify the factors influencing the quality of HTC services in six Douala’s district hospitals. Data collection consisted of HTC records, semi-structured interviews with individuals who underwent a voluntary HIV test, nurses and counsellors, and non-participant observation of the physical environment. Results: The main results show that the factors influencing the return for HIV results and post-test counselling are multi-level: (1) individual level (age, occupation and reason for the test, the test result, the health status, the need to behaviour change); (2) interpersonal (the influence of parents, children and spouse); (3) organizational (the waiting time for results, lack of confidentiality and privacy during counselling, training, compensation and recognition of counsellors) and (4) structural (availability of the treatment, fear of discrimination and stigma). Conclusion: The results of this research indicate that the problem of the return for results after a voluntary testing is a reality and goes beyond individual responsibility. There are organizational and structural problems, which play a major role. Therefore, it is necessary and urgent for the health authorities of the city of Douala to reorganize the procedure of counselling and testing to make it more efficient. Key words: HIV/AIDS, screening, case study, knowledge of results, Health knowledge; Attitudes; Practices, Cameroon
Introduction: HIV testing and counselling (HTC) is a cornerstone of the prevention and treatment of HIV/AIDS. HTC offers the opportunity to benefit of counselling and changing of behaviours. HTC is also seen as the gateway to various other forms of treatment and psychosocial support. However, HIV testing rates remains low especially in sub-Saharan Africa. In Cameroon, data from the 2011 Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) show that 4.3 % of people between 15 and 49 are HIV-positive. In addition, it is estimated that a significant proportion of infected women (30 %) and infected men (36 %) had never tested for HIV or had undergone testing, but ignore the results. In order to increase the effectiveness of HTC procedures in Cameroon, this research aimed to identify factors that motivate and prevent people who are voluntarily tested for HIV to return for their results. Methods: The methodology was a unique case study combining qualitative and quantitative methods. We realized: (1) a systematic literature review of barriers and facilitators associated to the return for HIV test results; (2) a retrospective analysis of HTC records over 5 years; (3) a qualitative study based on theory of planned behaviour to identify the attitudes, perceptions and beliefs that may influence the return for HIV test results; (4) a qualitative study based on Donabedian’s framework to identify the factors influencing the quality of HTC services in six Douala’s district hospitals. Data collection consisted of HTC records, semi-structured interviews with individuals who underwent a voluntary HIV test, nurses and counsellors, and non-participant observation of the physical environment. Results: The main results show that the factors influencing the return for HIV results and post-test counselling are multi-level: (1) individual level (age, occupation and reason for the test, the test result, the health status, the need to behaviour change); (2) interpersonal (the influence of parents, children and spouse); (3) organizational (the waiting time for results, lack of confidentiality and privacy during counselling, training, compensation and recognition of counsellors) and (4) structural (availability of the treatment, fear of discrimination and stigma). Conclusion: The results of this research indicate that the problem of the return for results after a voluntary testing is a reality and goes beyond individual responsibility. There are organizational and structural problems, which play a major role. Therefore, it is necessary and urgent for the health authorities of the city of Douala to reorganize the procedure of counselling and testing to make it more efficient. Key words: HIV/AIDS, screening, case study, knowledge of results, Health knowledge; Attitudes; Practices, Cameroon
Régnier-Aeberhard, Françoise. "Comportements et motivations des personnes venant dans un centre de dépistage : counseling-VIH." Paris 5, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA05H029.
Full textBâ, Mamadou. "Des hommes et le dépistage du VIH/Sida au Sénégal : les dessous du refus." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/29495.
Full textBéhanzin, Luc. "Évolution de l'épidémie du VIH en présence d'interventions ciblant le milieu prostitutionnel au Bénin : analyses de tendance et des techniques de collectes de données comportementales." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29661/29661.pdf.
Full textThis study carried out in Benin had three components associated with the following objectives: 1) to assess the time trends in the prevalence of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (HIV/STI) and associated sexual behaviors among female sex workers (FSW) from 1993 to 2008, while preventive interventions targeting the sex work milieu were ongoing (developed by the Canadian project from 1992 to 2006 before being taken over by the national authorities) and assess the impact of change in intervention model on trends after the disengagement of the project in 2006, 2) to assess the change in HIV/STI prevalence and associated behaviors in the general population of Cotonou between 1998 and 2008, 3) to compare the method of individual face-to-face interviews (FTFI) to that of polling booth surveys (PBS). From 1993 to 2008, there was a significant decrease in HIV/STI prevalence among FSW and this decrease was very strong in Cotonou for HIV (53.3% to 30.4%, adjusted-p=0.0001) and gonorrhea (43.2 % to 6.4%, adjusted-p < 0.0001). On the other hand, from 2005 to 2008, there was a significant increase in gonorrhea prevalence (prevalence ratio: PR=1.76, 95% confidence interval: [1.17-2.65]) after disengagement of the Canadian project in 2006. In Cotonou, where the targeted interventions were reinforced between 2001 and 2006, HIV prevalence significantly decreased by 83% between 1998 and 2008 (3.0 to 0.5 %, adjusted-p=0.002) among young men of the general population aged 15-29 years. More HIV-related risky sexual behaviors were reported through PBS than through FTFI, thus suggesting that the former reduces social desirability biases. The study shows that in countries where the HIV epidemic is still concentrated among FSW as in Benin, preventive interventions targeting the sex work milieu remain the most effective intervention for a reliable control of the epidemic. Within this context where accurate data on sexual behaviors are of central importance for the design of effective preventive interventions as well as the assessment of their impact, PBS should be integrated into behavioral surveys.
d'Almeida, Kayigan Wilson. "Changement de paradigme dans le dépistage du VIH : intérêt d’un dépistage systématique de la population générale dans les urgences hospitalières françaises. Exemple d’une intervention dans 29 services d’urgences hospitalières d’Ile-de-France." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013VERS0032.
Full textIn the era of highly effective antiretroviral therapies, late presentation for HIV infection is one of the main barriers for controlling the epidemic. To encourage early testing, national health authorities in developed countries have recommended HIV screening for all patients in health-care settings. Such guidelines were issued in France in 2009. The aims of this thesis were to examine the acceptability, feasibility and public health impact of universal HIV screening in French emergency departments and to assess the correlates of late presentation for HIV infection in France, in order to question the relevancy of universal screening guidelines. Analysis of data from the ANRS 95008/Sidaction study showed a modest public health impact of emergency department-based universal HIV screening. Patients’ acceptance of HIV screening in emergency departments (EDs) was high while the feasibility varied across EDs and was associated with diverse contextual barriers. Data from the ANRS-VESPA2 study was used to assess the correlates of late presentation for HIV infection. We found that late presentation was high not only among traditional high risk groups but also among non-African heterosexual men and those diagnosed over 40. Our results suggest that in France, the recommendations for non-targeted HIV testing should be reformulated to reach both populations at high risk of HIV infection and those at low risk of HIV infection with high risk of late diagnosis. Moreover, we underline the limits of ED-based HIV universal screening and the barriers to its implementation while bringing insights into the potential role of such healthcare settings in the French HIV screening strategy
Tounkara, Fatoumata Korika. "Évaluation de l'association entre la violence, le bris du préservatif et l'infection à VIH parmi les travailleuses du sexe au Bénin, Afrique de l'Ouest." Thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2014/30382/30382.pdf.
Full textObjective: To examine the relationship between violence, condom breakage and HIV prevalence among female sex workers (FSWs). Design: Data were obtained from the 2012 cross-sectional integrated biological and behavioural survey conducted in Benin. Methods: Multivariable log-binomial regression was used to estimate the adjusted prevalence ratios (APRs) of HIV infection and condom breakage in relation to violence towards FSWs. A score was created to examine the relationship between the number of violence types reported and HIV infection. Results: Among the 981 women who provided a blood sample, HIV prevalence was 20.4%. During the last month, 17.2%, 13.5% and 33.5% of them had experienced physical, sexual and psychological violence, respectively. In addition, 15.9% reported at least one condom breakage during the previous week. There was a significant association between all types of violence and HIV prevalence. The APRs of HIV were 1.45 (95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 1.05 - 2.00), 1.42 (95%CI: 1.02 - 1.98), and 1.41 (95%CI: 1.08 - 1.41) among those who had ever experienced physical, sexual and psychological violence, respectively. HIV prevalence increased with the violence score (p=0.002, test for trend), and physical and sexual violence were independently associated with condom breakage (p values 0.010 and 0.003, respectively). Conclusion: The results show that violence is associated with a higher HIV prevalence among FSWs and that condom breakage is a potential mediator for this association. Longitudinal studies designed to analyse this relationship and specific interventions integrated to current HIV prevention strategies are needed to reduce the burden of violence among FSWs. Key words: Violence, condom failure, HIV, female sex workers, sub-Saharan Africa.
Diallo, Mamadou Aliou, and Mamadou Aliou Diallo. "Étude de faisabilité du traitement précoce comme méthode de prévention du VIH chez les travailleuses du sexe à Cotonou, au Bénin." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/38095.
Full textLes travailleuses du sexe (TS) restent fortement affectées par l’infection au VIH et jouent un rôle clé dans sa propagation dans la population générale. Cependant la couverture antirétrovirale chez ces dernières reste toujours faible en Afrique en générale, et de l’Ouest et du centre en particulier. En lien avec les recommandations de l’ONUSIDA qui étendent l’accès au traitement antirétroviral à toute personne séropositive indépendamment de son taux de CD4, nous avons lancé ce projet de démonstration du traitement précoce du VIH comme méthode de prévention afin d’évaluer l’acceptabilité, la faisabilité, et l’utilité d’ajouter cette stratégie au paquet actuel de traitement et de prévention chez les TS au Bénin. Tout en évaluant l’acceptabilité et la faisabilité, nous avons mis l’accent sur la réponse au traitement notamment l’adhérence et la suppression de la charge virale, la restauration des taux de CD4 et l’émergence de résistance au traitement. L’étude a inclus 107 TS qui ont été suivies entre 12 et 24 mois. À la fin du suivi, seules 64 sont restées dans l’étude, donnant un taux de rétention de 59,8%. La restauration des taux de CD4 au-delà de 500 cells/μl a été atteinte chez plus de 70% des participantes, tandis que la moyenne géométrique de la charge virale est passée de 12372 copies/ml au début de l’étude à 105,1 copies/ml (p<0,0001) à 12 mois; 95,1 copies/ml (p<0,0001) à 24 mois et à 187,3 copies/ml à l’ensemble des visites finales (p=0,003). De plus, la charge virale supprimée (<1000 copies/ml) ou indétectable (<40 copies/ml) était fortement associée à l’augmentation du niveau d’adhésion thérapeutique auto-rapportée (p de tendance =0,048 et 0,004 respectivement). Plusieurs participantes ont montré des génotypes de résistance au début de l’étude, cependant aucune de ces dernières ayanteu une visite finale n’a montré de résistance clinique lors de cette dernière visite. Compte tenu de la mobilité de ce groupe, des efforts sur la rétention et l’adhérence au traitement, et une collaboration régionale entre les cliniques ISTs dédiées aux TS pourraient faciliter l’implantation et l’impact positif du traitement précoce comme méthode de prévention dans la sous-région.
Female sex workers (FSW) remain highly affected by HIV and play a critical roleinits spread towards the general population, however, antiretroviral treatment coverage in this group still remains very low in west and central African countries. In line with the UNAIDS recommendations extending antiretroviral treatment to all HIV-infected individuals regardless their CD4 count, we carried out this demonstration project of early HIV treatment as prevention (TasP) aiming to assess the acceptability, feasibility, and utility of adding this strategy to the current prevention and treatment packageamong FSW in Cotonou, Benin. While assessing both acceptability and feasibility, we focused on treatment response including CD4 count restoration, adherence to treatment and viral suppression, and emergence of drug resistance. The study included 107 FSW who were followed between 12 and 24 months. At the end of the follow-up 64 remained in the study giving a retention rate of 59.8%. CD4 count recovery above 500 cells/μl was reached in more than 70% of participants. The geometric mean viral load decreased from 12372 copies/ml at baseline, to 105.1 copies/ml (<.0001) at 12 months; 95.1 copies/ml (p <.0001) at 24 months and 187.3 copies/ml at all final visits (p = 0.003). In addition, both suppressed (<1000 copies/ml) and undetectable (<40 copies/ml) viral loads were strongly associated with increasing levels of adherence to treatment (p for trend =0.048 and 0.004 respectively). Resistance mutations were detected in several participants at baseline, but none of those who had a final visit showed clinical resistance. Given the mobility in this group of population, efforts on retention and adherence to treatment, and regional collaboration between FSW-dedicated clinics could facilitate the implementation and positive impact of early treatment as prevention in this population.
Female sex workers (FSW) remain highly affected by HIV and play a critical roleinits spread towards the general population, however, antiretroviral treatment coverage in this group still remains very low in west and central African countries. In line with the UNAIDS recommendations extending antiretroviral treatment to all HIV-infected individuals regardless their CD4 count, we carried out this demonstration project of early HIV treatment as prevention (TasP) aiming to assess the acceptability, feasibility, and utility of adding this strategy to the current prevention and treatment packageamong FSW in Cotonou, Benin. While assessing both acceptability and feasibility, we focused on treatment response including CD4 count restoration, adherence to treatment and viral suppression, and emergence of drug resistance. The study included 107 FSW who were followed between 12 and 24 months. At the end of the follow-up 64 remained in the study giving a retention rate of 59.8%. CD4 count recovery above 500 cells/μl was reached in more than 70% of participants. The geometric mean viral load decreased from 12372 copies/ml at baseline, to 105.1 copies/ml (<.0001) at 12 months; 95.1 copies/ml (p <.0001) at 24 months and 187.3 copies/ml at all final visits (p = 0.003). In addition, both suppressed (<1000 copies/ml) and undetectable (<40 copies/ml) viral loads were strongly associated with increasing levels of adherence to treatment (p for trend =0.048 and 0.004 respectively). Resistance mutations were detected in several participants at baseline, but none of those who had a final visit showed clinical resistance. Given the mobility in this group of population, efforts on retention and adherence to treatment, and regional collaboration between FSW-dedicated clinics could facilitate the implementation and positive impact of early treatment as prevention in this population.
Gbenafa-Agossa, Clémence. "Prévalence et facteurs de risque des infections génitales à Neisseria gonorrhoeae et Chlamydia trachomatis chez les travailleuses de sexe au Bénin en 2003-2004 et évaluation d'un test rapide dans le dépistage de la gonococcie génitale." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/18455.
Full textAhouada, Carin. "La prophylaxie pré-exposition (PrEP) pour la prévention du VIH chez les hommes ayant des relations sexuelles avec d’autres hommes (HSH) au Bénin : acceptabilité et faisabilité." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/66756.
Full textWe evaluated the acceptability of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV prevention and identified the potential facilitators and obstacles that could affect the implementation of this prevention strategy among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Bénin. The results showed that PrEP is not well known to MSM. However, once informed about this prevention tool, almost all surveyed men were willing to use it if made available. Some factors were viewed as important by MSM to be considered in the implementation process. The risk of reducing or even abandoning condom use exists. However, this should not hinder the prescription of PrEP. Prescribers should accompany MSM who wish to use PrEP in making decisions about prevention options (PrEP and / or condom) in accordance with their values and desires
Cartoux, Michel. "Conseil et dépistage de l'infection à VIH chez les femmes enceintes en Afrique de l'Ouest." Bordeaux 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BOR28590.
Full textMboup, Aminata. "Prophylaxie pré-exposition (PrEP) pour la prévention du VIH chez les travailleuses du sexe au Bénin." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/68401.
Full textHIV infection continues to be a public health burden despite all the prevention and treatment efforts accomplished to date. It is therefore essential to propose new prevention methods to reduce the transmission of HIV. The use of antiretrovirals (ARVs) to prevent the transmission and acquisition of HIV infection seems promising for this purpose. Two prevention methods, early antiretroviral (E-ART) and pre exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) have proven their efficacy in clinical trials but should be evaluated in "real life" outside the framework of clinical trials. The objective of this thesis was therefore to assess the relevance and feasibility of adding these two new prevention methods to the prevention and treatment package currently offered to female sex workers (FSWs) in Benin. In this demonstration project, 361 FSWs were recruited and followed for 12 to 24 months, 105 FSWs for E-ART and 256 FSWs for PrEP. First, key indicators were measured. Uptake was 95.5% for E-ART and 88.3% for PrEP. Retention at the end of the study was 59.0% for E-ART and 47.3% for PrEP. Self-reported adherence to E-ART was higher than self-reported adherence to PrEP, which decreased significantly during follow-up. Additionally, our results do not suggest any risk compensation with PrEP. We then measured PrEP adherence using 3 different measures and compared the trends using generalized estimating equations (GEE). Tenofovir (TFV) concentration in plasma, considered as the gold standard, was compared to self-reports and pill counts. Adherence to PrEP measured by TFV concentration decreased significantly over the course of the study. The pill counts and self-reported measures overestimated adherence. The TFV concentration in plasma appears to be the most appropriate measure for adherence in this high-risk population. However, its high cost limits its systematic use. Finally, we identified the predictors of adherence to PrEP. Older age, shorter duration in the study, and high intention to take PrEP at the start of the study were the only factors associated with adherence. In conclusion, PrEP could be included as a choice in the combined HIV prevention package offered to FSWs in Benin. However, PrEP does not protect against other sexually transmitted infections. It is an individual prevention method for people at high risk of HIV infection for whom traditional means of prevention have not worked or are not adapted. E-ART, on the other hand, could have a great impact for the prevention of HIV at the population level, while significantly improving clinical care for HIV-infected FSWs. However, for the implementation of PrEP and E-ART, the interventions must take into account the reality of FSWs, particularly their mobility to ensure good adherence and retention.
Morin, Laurianne. "Cascades de prévention et de soins du VIH chez les travailleuses du sexe au Bénin, Afrique de l'Ouest." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/67318.
Full textBackground & Objectives: Benin has a long-standing history of HIV prevention programs aimed atfemale sex workers (FSWs). Antiretroviral (ARV) treatment is available in Benin since 2002 and a testand-treat strategy was adopted in 2016. We used data from a national survey among FSWs (2017) toassess the prevention and care cascades in this population. Methods: FSWs were recruited through cluster sampling of sex work sites. After informed consent, a questionnaire was administered, and HIV tested with sequential rapid tests whose results were givenback to participants. After a second consent, HIV-positive participants were asked to provide driedblood spots (DBS). DBS were tested for ARV and viral load. We assessed two prevention cascades(HIV testing and safer sex) and the treatment cascade, using a combination of self-reported andbiological variables for defining HIV-positive status knowledge and being on treatment. Results: Mean age of the 1086 FSWs was 30 years. Only half of them were Beninese and two-thirdshad a primary school education level or less. Almost all FSWs had ever heard of HIV/AIDS. 79.1%had ever been tested, and 84.1% of the latter had been tested in the last year. In the previous sixmonths, 90.1% were exposed to prevention messages. Of those, over two thirds (72.8%) had seen a condom demonstration during the same period and 92% of the latter received free condoms in thelast three months. Women exposed to any HIV prevention message (last six months) reported a higherlevel of consistent condom use in the last month (69.0%) than those who were not (48.5%, p<0.0001).HIV prevalence was 7.7%. Among HIV-positive women, 60.6% knew their status; among those,90.5% were on ARV and 81.8% of the latter had a suppressed viral load.Conclusions: Despite long-standing HIV prevention programs for FSWs, the prevention indicators were often low, likely in relation to high FSW mobility, as half of them were migrants. Linkage to carewas good, viral suppression was sub-optimal, but knowledge of HIV-positive status was very low. Exposing women to prevention messages is necessary, as to increase HIV testing and improveadherence counselling towards FSWs on ARV.
Delpierre, Cyrille. "Dépistage tardif de la séropositivité pour le VIH. : facteurs de risque dans deux études nationales (ANRS-EN12-VESPA, Nadis)." Toulouse 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOU30069.
Full textThe part of social factors on the delay of HIV diagnosis could explain the social inequalities of mortality, the french situation being little explored. From two national data sources, the aim was to estimate the prevalence of the late HIV diagnosis, to describe the characteristics of late testers and to analyse social factors associated with late testing. The association between mortality and low socicoeconomic status was not explained by a diagnosis more delayed in these persons, except for migrants in whom late testing was rapidly made after their arrival. Persons with a professional activity, in couple with children, were more likely to be late testers and tested because of symptoms or diagnosed at hospital. The institutions seem suggest more systematically HIV testing to persons in social difficulties, a priori at risk of infection, contrary to persons without social difficulties who are considered as not at risk and who are late diagnosed
Leblanc, Judith. "L’apport infirmier dans le dépistage : l’exemple du dépistage infirmier ciblé du VIH par test rapide dans les services d’urgences d’Ile-de-France." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLV016/document.
Full textScreening is essential to controlling the HIV epidemic as it ensures early treatment initiation, which limits morbidity, mortality and secondary transmission. In France, thousands of individuals remain unaware of their HIV status and a quarter of diagnoses occur at a late stage of infection. Nurse participation in HIV screening is widely discussed as a means by which to get a greater number of actors involved. Through a systematic review we suggested that, in countries with concentrated epidemics such as France, the United States and the United Kingdom, nurses could increase the number of screening tests being offered and performed. In these countries, Health authorities have recommended non-targeted systematic HIV screening in non-specialized health care settings. While this recommendation has gradually been questioned due to its limited effectiveness and associated increased workload, the DICI-VIH trial was designed to explore a new targeted method of HIV screening, performed by nurses in the Emergency Departments of the Paris metropolitan area, where HIV prevalence is high. A large-scale trial with a cluster-randomized two-period crossover design showed that this screening strategy is a compelling approach. By limiting the use of resources allocated to screening in Emergency Departments and by targeting a limited number of patients, this strategy is shown to be feasible and effective in identifying individuals who are unaware of their HIV status. It is also associated with limited costs. These results contribute new data to the discussion on how to best adapt HIV screening strategies in contexts where the epidemic is concentrated and to the evaluation of the contribution of the nursing profession to screening programs
Champenois, Karen. "VIH : comment la recherche en épidémiologie s’est orientée de l’évaluation thérapeutique au dépistage et à la prévention." Thesis, Lille 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIL2S043/document.
Full textIn years following the onset of HIV infection, priority was given to therapeutic research. Since the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy in 1996, mortality and morbidity related to HIV have decreased dramatically. However, the epidemic remains active, especially among men who have sex with men (MSM), highlighting the need for changes in testing and prevention policies. This thesis presents the evolution of a part of research in epidemiology of HIV in Northern countries, focusing first on HIV treatments effectiveness then moving toward to limitations of current HIV testing strategies, new strategies of HIV testing, and finally addressing prevention. This Ph.D thesis contains five epidemiological studies conducted in France.The first study, conducted in 175 HIV-1 infected antiretroviral-naive patients, showed that lopinavir/ritonavir was efficient regardless to polymorphisms carried by the viral protease.The second study, based on an economic model accounting changes in medical practices and the impact of new drugs, showed that lifetime cost associated with HIV care is €535,000/patient (€320,700 discounted) for a life expectancy of 26.5 years under current conditions. Moreover, it highlighted that annual cost of care increases with late access to care (€21,600/year if AIDS or CD4 count <200 cells/mm3 at HIV care initiation, vs. €19,400 if CD4 count >500 cells/mm3, undiscounted costs).The third study conducted in 1,008 HIV-infected patients newly diagnosed, showed that 93% of patients had seen a general practitioner within 3-year period prior to HIV diagnosis. Of patients enrolled, 82 who sought care for HIV-related symptoms within this period had a missed opportunity for HIV testing proposition. Similarly, 55% of MSM who notified to a healthcare setting that they belonged to this risk group had a missed opportunity for HIV testing proposition. The fourth study assessed a community-based HIV testing strategy targeting MSM (532 MSM tested into the program studied). This HIV testing reached people at high risk of HIV, on third of these was little or not tested in other testing facilities. Among the 15 patients who tested positive (2.8%), 12 (80%) received confirmation and linked to care (median CD4 count =550 cells/mm3). The fifth study, a case-control study conducted in MSM in northern France (53 cases of early syphilis and 90 controls) showed receptive oral sex without a condom and anal sex toy use as the main risk factors for syphilis acquisition. Our results highlight limitations of current HIV testing strategies. They show the importance of promoting routine HIV testing in primary care settings, and extension of testing facilities that target populations with specific risk. In addition, they enhanced prevention for risk reduction measures for HIV and STIs. In the era of effective and well tolerated but expensive antiretroviral therapy, testing and prevention are significant issues in the control of the HIV epidemic
Jaquet, Antoine. "Cancers du col de l’utérus et infection à VIH en Afrique de l’Ouest : Epidémiologie descriptive, déterminants et dépistage." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR21979/document.
Full textCervical cancer is the leading cause of cancer among women in West Africa, where infection with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is endemic. This work study the link between these two pathologies as well as the specificities linked to cervical cancer screening in the context of HIV infection. Our research project was conducted in several stages. A first hospital-based study compared the prevalence of HIV in women with cervical cancer and in women with other cancers. We then implement a cervical cancer screening program with visual inspection methods in three HIV clinics in Abidjan during several months. A sample of women screened was finally selected and collected for human papillomavirus (HPV) identification. Of the 152 cases of cervical cancer included during the first study, 25% were HIV-positive compared to 4.7% among the 257 patients of the comparison group, giving an adjusted odd ratio (OR) of 7.6 (3.6 - 16.2). A total of 4,046 women were screened by visual inspection. The frequency of a positive test was 9.0% (8.0 - 10.0) in the 2,998 HIV-positive women and 3.9% (2.7 - 5.1) in the 1,048 HIV-negative women. The prevalence of oncogenic HPV was 33.0% in the 191 HIV-negative women and 52.8% in the 254 HIV-positive women that underwent PCR testing. A CD4 count <200 cells/mm3 was associated with the presence of oncogenic HPV (OR = 2.8 [1.1 - 8.3] Ref. CD4≥500). HIV infection is strongly associated with cervical cancer and the presence of its precursors, oncogenic HPV. The implementation of adapted screening programs combined with good immune reconstitution seems to be key measures to reduce the burden of cervical cancer in HIV-positive women in West Africa in the era of expanded access to antiretroviral drugs
Suarez-Diaz, Emmanuelle. "Expériences de dépistage du VIH à résultat rapide, en milieu communautaire et peu médicalisé : une analyse psychosociale." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM3071.
Full textSince 2007, regulation on the part of the screening in France evolves and is favourable to the creation of community screening experiments. From a psychosocial perspective, this study analyzes screening experiences in two experimental protocols’ context: ANRS Com’Test and ANRS DragTest. The main objectives of the protocols are (1) to study the feasibility of a rapid HIV testing performed by non-medical community actors (association against Aids AIDES) among men who have sex with men, using rapid testing policy diagnostic and motivational counselling (ANRS Com'Test), and (2) to evaluate the non-inferiority of the proposal in comparison with a conventional supply (ANRS DragTest).The purpose of this study is to understand the lived experience’s meaning from a ternary reading (subject-object-context) and a link between experience and social representations. Research is based on a qualitative methodology, both including a longitudinal analysis of community actors involved, and also a cross-sectional analysis of those screened’ lived experiences. Triangulation of material collection and analytical methods brings a dual perspective on the data. Analyzes are showing both the mobilization of common references universes, and the involvement of lived experience in the construction and communication of experience
Salvadori, Nicolas. "Evaluation of Strategies Aimed at Optimizing the Uptake of HIV Testing Services Impact of Counseling Methods on HIV Retesting Uptake in At-Risk Individuals: A Randomized Controlled Study Appointment Reminders To Increase Uptake of HIV Retesting By At-Risk Individuals: A Randomized Controlled Study in Thailand." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASR017.
Full textHIV still remains a major global public health concern. This is due in large part to the low proportion of infected people aware of their HIV status, a clear indicator that uptake of regular HIV testing by at-risk individuals is insufficient. In the setting of an interventions research project in northern Thailand providing testing and counseling services for HIV, hepatitis B and C and syphilis to 5,733 clients between October 2015 and January 2019, we evaluated strategies aimed at optimizing the uptake of HIV testing services. In a first randomized controlled trial (RCT), we found that computer-assisted counseling significantly reduced the time spent on counseling while having similar efficacy as standard counseling in terms of uptake of retesting, change in HIV knowledge, change in sexual risk behaviors, and acceptability. In a second RCT, we found that scheduling an appointment and sending a reminder one week before was a simple, easy-to-implement and affordable intervention that significantly increased the uptake of HIV retesting by at-risk individuals. In a retrospective study, we found that the decision to recommend HIV retesting based on the counselor’s assessment was strongly dependent on the counselor and poorly consistent with that based on data-driven assessment (clients’ answers to self-administered questionnaires and syphilis test results)
Bournique, Bruno. "Détection de l'ADN proviral du virus de l'immunodéficience humaine type 1 par "polymerase chain reaction" (PCR) : validation technique et clinique, étude de sujets séronégatifs à risque." Compiègne, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992COMPD540.
Full textLorente, Nicolas. "Diversifier l'offre de dépistage du VIH à destination des hommes ayant des rapports sexuels avec des hommes : un élément essentiel de la prévention combinée." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM5021.
Full textMen who have sex with men (MSM) are the most affected by HIV. In this population, HIV prevention must be diversified, using several tools aiming to reduce risks: treatment of HIV positive persons, preventive treatment among HIV negative persons and, sexual risk reduction behaviours. HIV testing thus becomes the cornerstone of HIV prevention.Diversifying HIV testing is one of the most important results of this thesis. Other questions are also addressed: access to HIV testing among MSM living in Cameroon and interest in prevention research among MSM in France.The discussion of all these results leads to several perspectives in terms of researches that should be conducted, but also in terms of recommendations for prevention policies towards MSM
Gbenafa, Agossa Clémence. "Prévalence et facteurs de risque des infections génitales à Neisseria Gonorrhoeae et Chlamydia Trachomatis chez les travailleuses du sexe au Bénin en 2003-2004 et évaluation d'un test rapide dans le dépistage de la gonococcie génitale." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23891/23891.pdf.
Full textTron, Laure. "Comportements de santé en lien avec le risque de comorbidités parmi les personnes vivant avec le VIH en France." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066507/document.
Full textIn the era of combined antiretroviral therapy, the burden of HIV-related morbidity/mortality has decreased while other health conditions are of growing concern among HIV-infected people. Cancer screening uptake and management of behavioral risk factors for cardiovascular disease (tobacco smoking, alcohol intake, lack of physical activity, obesity) are two major components in the prevention of those comorbidities among HIV-infected people. Analysis of data from the ANRS-Vespa2 survey showed that levels of cancer screening uptake were not lower among HIV-infected people compared to the general population. However, the level of cervical cancer screening uptake within the past year was suboptimal and the level of colorectal cancer screening uptake was low. Low educational attainment and immunodepression were correlated with a lower level of screening uptake for gynecological cancers. Furthermore, more than half of the HIV-infected population was exposed to at least one behavioral cardiovascular risk factor. Intravenous drug users and men who have sex with men were particularly prone to addictive behaviors (and lack of physical activity) and risk factors were often combined. Sub-Saharan African migrant women were mainly exposed to obesity and insufficient physical activity. Those behaviors were associated with social status and certain characteristics of the HIV-infection. This thesis allows to better understand the frequency and correlates of those health behaviors among the various sub-groups of people living with HIV and provides evidence to improve the prevention of comorbidities in order to reduce their burden on the health of those living with HIV
Nguyen, Truong Tam. "Co-infection VIH/VHC : développement et mise en oeuvre d’outils paracliniques pour la prise en charge dans le pays à ressource limitée et la personnalisation thérapeutique." Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONT3508/document.
Full textChronic viral hepatitis is a major public health issue worldwide in the field of infectious dis and mostly affects resource-constrained countries. The challenge for the resource-limited countries is to implement the strategies for screening and management of viral hepatitis, particularly for hepatitis C among people who inject drugs.In this thesis we have evaluated new tests and strategies to improved diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring of HCV and HIV infection in low resource setting. The first study evaluated the performances of HIV testing using filter paper (DSS – Dried serum spot) compared with rapid tests during the early phase of HIV infections. A total of 39 serum samples form newly diagnosed HIV infected persons was included. Fourth generation immunoassays (ElecsysCombi PT test reactive and Liaison XL test reactive) identified 34 out of 39 HIV early infections using dried serum spot, whereas the Determine TM HIV-1/2 rapid test detected 24 out of 39 HIV positive serum (87.2% vs 61.5% respectively, p = 0.009). Fourth generation Ag/Ab immunoassays performed on DSS had good performance for HIV testing during the early phases of HIV infection. In the second study, we conducted a cross-sectional study aimed to assess the proportion of clinically significant fibrosis in HIV/HCV-co-infected patients followed in Viet Tiep Hospital in Haiphong, Northern Vietnam. From February to March 2014, 104 HIV-HCV coinfected patients receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) were prospectively enrolled. 93 (89.4%) had detectable HCV RNA, median 6.19 (4.95-6.83 Log10 IU/mL). Patients were mainly infected with genotypes 1a/1b (69%) and genotypes 6a/6e (26%). 43 patients (41.3%) had fibrosis ≥ F2 including 24 patients (23.1%) with extensive fibrosis (F3) and/or cirrhosis (F4). Using Fibroscan® as a gold standard, the high threshold (2) of AST-to-platelet ratio index (APRI) had very good performances for the diagnosis of extensive fibrosis/cirrhosis (Se: 90%, Sp: 84%, AUROC=0.93, 95%CI: 0.86-0.99).In the last study, the impact of pegylated interferonα (PegINFα) and ribavirin therapy on T cell immune response was explored in HIV/HCV coinfected patients. Concentrations of 25 cytokines and CD8+ T cell activation were monitored in HCV/HIV co-infected patients. Results were compared between patients retrospectively classified as sustained virological responders (SVR, n=19) and non-responders (NR, n = 11). High pretreatment concentrations of IP-10 (CXCL-10) and MCP-1 (CCL-2) were associated with poor anti-HCV response. Highest rise in MIP-1β; and MCP-1 levels was observed four weeks after anti-HCV treatment initiation in SVR compared to NR, whereas a decrease of IL-8 concentration was associated with treatment failure (p= 0.052). Treatment based on drugs having immunomodulating activities may benefits from immunomonitoring using multiplex techniques. In conclusion, improving access to HIV and HCV diagnosis and monitoring are critical toward the control of these infections. Our work performed illustrate how dried blood spot, point of care testing, Fibroscan and simplified assays may contribute to HIV and HCV care in low resource setting. Key word : Co-infection HIV-HCV, IV drug user, dried blood Spot, liver fibrosis, fibroscan, APRI, Pegylated interferon, Vietnam
Cazanave, Charles. "Analyse du polymorphisme associé aux répétitions en tandem pour le typage de deux espèces de mycoplasmes pathogènes chez l’homme : mycoplasma genitalium et Mycoplasma pneumoniae." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR21725/document.
Full textHuman pathogenic mycoplasmas include respiratory tract species, such as M. pneumoniae and urogenital species, such as M. genitalium. M. genitalium is an emerging agent for which epidemiology is unclear. It is involved in sexually transmitted infections, mainly urethritis in men and cervicitis in women. M. pneumoniae is responsible for acute respiratory infections especially in children. M. genitalium is a fastidious species for which culture remains extremely difficult. In order to extend our collection of samples positive for M. genitalium, a clinical research study (FeminIST) was conducted. It consisted in a PCR screening for M. genitalium in the urogenital tract of HIV-infected women of the Aquitaine cohort. Genotyping methods have been widely applied to Mollicutes, but few simple and automatized methods have been developed for M. genitalium and M. pneumoniae. The MLVA (Multi-Locus Variable-Number Tandem-Repeats Analysis) method analyzes the genome polymorphism associated with tandem repeats. Its advantages are a high discriminatory power and the possibility of being used directly from clinical samples. This technique was applied to M. genitalium and M. pneumoniae and compared with other available genotyping methods. Six and five VNTR were selected for M. genitalium and M. pneumoniae, respectively. The use of multiplex PCR and capillary electrophoresis enabled a high-throughput analysis and allowed an easy interpretation of the results. The method was applied to our collection of 265 M. pneumoniae clinical strains and used directly from 123 clinical samples positive for M. genitalium. 89.4% of M. genitalium PCR-positive samples and all the M. pneumoniae isolates were amplified and typed. We showed a higher discriminatory power for our MLVA than for other genotyping methods, without the need of a fastidious sequencing step. The hierarchical representation of results confirms the M. genitalium species heterogeneity and the M. pneumoniae species homogeneity. MLVA appears to be a good tool for molecular typing of these two mycoplasma species, allowing an easy exchange of data between laboratories
Angelesi, Bayenga Fils. "La protection de l'enfant contre le risque de naître avec le virus de l'immunodéficience humaine en droit congolais et comparé." Thesis, Paris Est, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PESC0060.
Full textPrenatal HIV transmission from mother to child is responsible for the majority of HIV / AIDS infections in infants. Despite the almost ubiquitous risk of infected children and still very limited access to antiretroviral therapy, the number of HIV-positive women who complete their pregnancies is increasing steadily in sub-Saharan Africa. Motivated by this empirical observation, the study tackles a range of legal and bioethical questions, some of which are still unpublished, torn between legitimate desire for children (right to the child) and society's obligation to protect future children against a predictable congenital disability recognized as incurable (right of the child). Fundamentally, it questions the legislator on how to capture the biological risk of maternal HIV transmission without breaking the necessary ethical balance between the fundamental rights and freedoms of the HIV-positive woman or mother and the best interests of the unborn child. Using the example of Congolese law and following the comparative information approach, the study seeks to systematically demonstrate that, in the face of the high probability of being born with HIV, the protection that the current African rights bring to the child is insufficient and, in some respects, incoherent. To remedy this, she advocates a new paradigm of normativity based on the philosophy of seeking an ethical reconciliation which does not appear to be manifestly disproportionate between the autonomy of the woman or mother who is HIV-positive on her body and the responsibility of its choices in reproductive health. Thus, thanks to its many innovative proposals for the revision of the law, has this study managed to contribute significantly to the search for theoretical tools necessary for the emergence of new African rights in order of battle for future generations without AIDS
Aho, Joséphine. "Prévention du VIH chez les femmes travailleuses du sexe de Conakry, République de Guinée : conseil dépistage volontaire, comportements à risque et infections sexuellement transmissibles." Thèse, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/5276.
Full textBackground: Female sex workers (FSW) constitute the population most at risk for HIV infection in many countries of Sub-Saharan Africa. Several interventions have been implemented in this population to reduce the risk of infection. These interventions include the promotion of condom use and the screening and treatment of sexually transmitted infections (STI). However, some components are poorly represented among the interventions offered to FSW. Voluntary counselling and testing could be a useful intervention of primary and secondary prevention for this population but the acceptability of this intervention by FSW is little-known. In addition, in terms of surveillance of the epidemics, the evaluation of the validity of self-reported condom use is important as this indicator is frequently used in population surveys. More information is also needed about the importance of the desire for children in using inconsistently condoms with the main non-paying regular partner. Finally, the prevalence of STIs such as HPV-16 and the combined impact of sociodemographic, behavioural and preventive factors on HIV/STIs infection in this population need to be assessed. Objectives: The objectives of this thesis are 1) to measure the acceptability and the consequences of voluntary HIV counselling and testing among FSW in Conakry, Guinea; 2) to assess the validity of self-report condom use in this population through a biological indicator of semen, the prostate specific antigen (PSA); 3) to measure condom use with clients and non-client partners of FSW and to study the importance of the desire for children in inconsistent condom use with the main regular non-client partner and 4) to measure the prevalence of STIs and HIV and the socio-demographic, behavioural and preventive factors related to these infection outcomes. Methodology: We conducted a longitudinal study in the city of Conakry, Guinea among 421 FSW recruited in three health centers adapted for FSW. A longitudinal mixed design allowed for quantitative and qualitative data collections at baseline and one year later. Biological screening tests for STIs and HIV were performed. Results: The first article presented in this thesis showed that the acceptability of voluntary counselling and testing is high among FSW. The acceptance rate of testing, the return rate for results and disclosure of HIV status were close to 100%. This acceptability seemed to be the result of a high risk perception of HIV infection and of social pressure on FSW by the sex work stakeholders to undergo testing and to disclose their serostatus. Negatives consequences to VCT were rare. The second paper showed that self-reported recent condom use had a very low sensitivity when compared to the gold standard. Thus, most women in whom the PSA was found did not report any recent unprotected intercourse. The discrepancy between self-reported recent condom use and the presence of PSA was associated with a perceived high risk of HIV infection. The third section showed that while condom use was very common with clients, it was much less with non-client regular partners. The desire for pregnancy among SW contributed significantly to inconsistent condom use with this type of sexual partner. Socio-demographic characteristics, behavioural factors and co-infection with other STIs were associated with the presence of STIs and HIV, which were common despite all the interventions that were conducted in this population. Conclusion: In conclusion, HIV prevention among FSW is a challenge requiring the development of integrated strategies that take into account the commercial context in which these interventions are implemented but also FSW’s childbearing aspirations.
"Prévalence et facteurs de risque des infections génitales à Neisseria Gonorrhoeae et Chlamydia Trachomatis chez les travailleuses du sexe au Bénin en 2003-2004 et évaluation d'un test rapide dans le dépistage de la gonococcie génitale." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23891/23891.pdf.
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