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Academic literature on the topic 'Infections – Modèles animaux'
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Journal articles on the topic "Infections – Modèles animaux"
Dubois, André. "Modèles animaux des infections naturelles et expérimentales à Helicobacter pylori." Annales de l'Institut Pasteur / Actualités 6, no. 3 (January 1995): 207–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0924-4204(96)89260-2.
Full textCaron, F. "Traitement des infections à entérocoques résistants aux glycopeptides : leçons tirées des modèles animaux." Médecine et Maladies Infectieuses 27 (November 1997): 946–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0399-077x(97)80194-1.
Full textJoly, V. "Pertinence des modèles animaux." Médecine et Maladies Infectieuses 25 (November 1995): 27–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0399-077x(05)81247-8.
Full textELSEN, J. M., and J. M. AYNAUD. "Introduction au numéro hors série Encéphalopathies spongiformes transmissibles animales." INRAE Productions Animales 17, HS (December 19, 2004): 5–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2004.17.hs.3613.
Full textPotel, G., C. Jacqueline, J. Caillon, G. Amador Del Valle, and E. Batard. "Les modèles expérimentaux animaux peuvent-ils contribuer à la bonne utilisation des antibiotiques ?" Antibiotiques 12, no. 3 (September 2010): 131–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.antib.2010.02.002.
Full textOmeke, B. C. O., and G. I. Onuora. "Lésions génitales et histopathologie chez des cobayes mâles infectés par des trypanosomes." Revue d’élevage et de médecine vétérinaire des pays tropicaux 45, no. 1 (January 1, 1992): 27–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/remvt.8952.
Full textChamboko, T., A. W. Mukhebi, C. J. O'Callaghan, Trevor F. Peter, R. L. Kruska, G. F. Medley, Suman M. Mahan, and B. D. Perry. "La cowdriose et l'économie de la production animale dans les fermes commerciales et traditionnelles au Zimbabwe." Revue d’élevage et de médecine vétérinaire des pays tropicaux 52, no. 3-4 (March 1, 1999): 313–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/remvt.9680.
Full textFAVERDIN, P., and C. LEROUX. "Avant-propos." INRAE Productions Animales 26, no. 2 (April 16, 2013): 71–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2013.26.2.3137.
Full textDUCHET-SUCHAUX, M. "Invisible mais dangereux, le portage bactérien commence à révéler ses secrets." INRAE Productions Animales 21, no. 2 (June 23, 2008). http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2008.21.2.3392.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Infections – Modèles animaux"
Kukavica-Ibrulj, Iréna, and Iréna Kukavica-Ibrulj. "Génomique fonctionnelle du régulateur transcriptionnel PYCR de Pseudomonas aeruginosa essentiel in vivo et comparaison des cinétiques d'infection pulmonaire chronique." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/19688.
Full textPseudomonas aeruginosa est une bactérie pathogène opportuniste, hautement résistant à une multitude d’antibiotiques qui infecte principalement les patients immunosupprimés. Il représente la cause principale de morbidité et de mortalité chez les patients atteints de fibrose kystique (mucoviscidose). Le but principal de ce projet consistait à identifier et à caractériser des gènes essentiels à l’infection et au maintien de P. aeruginosa dans un modèle animal d’infection pulmonaire chronique. À partir d’une banque de mutants transpositionnels, nous avons identifié 148 mutants de P. aeruginosa déficients à causer l’infection pulmonaire chronique chez le rat. Suite à des analyses bioinformatiques, le mutant inactivant le gène PA5437 a été sélectionné. L’opéron adjacent code pour les sous unités du pyruvate carboxylase (pycA et pycB) et est régulé par le gène PA5437, d’où l’appellation pycR pour pyruvate carboxylase regulator. Le pycR a été identifié comme étant un régulateur transcriptionnel de type LysR ayant une région typique de liaison à l’ADN. Le codon d’initiation de la transcription des gènes pycR et pycA a été identifié par élongation d’amorce. La capacité de liaison de la protéine PycR à l’ADN a été confirmée à l’aide du gel à retardement. L’implication de PycR dans la virulence bactérienne in vivo a été confirmée par indice de compétition et après 7 jours d’infection le mutant déficient ΔpycR est complètement éliminé du poumon du rat. L’importance de PycR a aussi été confirmée in vitro à l’aide des tests phénotypiques et enzymatiques démontrant la déficience dans la production de la lipase, de l’estérase et du biofilm. Finalement, l’analyse des résultats métaboliques et transcriptomiques a confirmé l’importance de PycR dans la régulation du métabolisme de lipides, de l’activité lipolytique, de la respiration anaérobique, de la formation du biofilm et des gènes régulés par le quorum sensing. Dans un second volet, une étude comparative entre souches prototypes (PAO1 et PA14) de P. aeruginosa et un isolat clinique (LESB58) de la fibrose kystique a été réalisée dans un modèle de l’infection pulmonaire chronique chez le rat. Cette étude a permis d’identifier des différences significatives au niveau de la localisation bactérienne dans les tissus pulmonaires de l’isolat clinique LESB58. D’importantes différences ont également été notées au niveau des facteurs de virulence comme la mobilité et la formation du biofilm. À long terme, les nouvelles connaissances acquises en génomique fonctionnelle devraient permettre d’identifier et de développer de nouvelles approches thérapeutiques permettant de combattre et mieux comprendre les infections causées par cette bactérie.
The opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa is highly resistant to most classes of antibiotics and causes a wide variety of infections in compromised hosts. In addition, it represents the major cause of morbidity and mortality in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. The principal goal of the present research project was to identify and to characterise P. aeruginosa genes essential for causing a chronic lung infection. Using a PCR-based signature-tagged mutagenesis, we identified a P. aeruginosa STM5437 mutant having an insertion into the PA5437 gene; its inactivation causes attenuation of virulence in vivo. The PA5437 gene, now called pycR, regulates the adjacent operon encoding the pyruvate carboxylase subunits (pyruvate carboxylase regulator). PycR has the signature of a putative transcriptional regulator with a predicted helix-turn-helix motif binding to a typical LysR DNA-binding motif identified in the PA5436 (pycA)-PA5437 (pycA) intercistronic region. Transcriptional start sites of pycA and pycR were identified by primer extension and the DNA binding capacity of PycR was confirmed by a DNA mobility gel shift assay. Genome-wide transcriptional profiling indicated that the genes whose control were differentially expressed by PycR implicated genes responsible for lipid metabolism, lipolytic activity, anaerobic respiration, biofilm formation and a number of quorum sensing regulated genes. This study defines PycR as a major regulator in virulence and where mutations in pycR have pleiotropic effects on the expression of multiple virulence factors such as lipase, esterase and biofilm formation. The expressions of several of these genes are associated with chronic lung persistence. In the second part of the study, P. aeruginosa prototype strains PAO1 and PA14 were compared with the CF isolate LESB58 in the rat model of chronic lung infection. This comparative study identified major differences for LESB58; in vivo in bacterial localisation in the rat lung and in vitro for motility and biofilm production. Functional genomics of P. aeruginosa will provide new insights for the development of novel therapeutic targets. Genomic biodiversity may explain the variation in severity of the P. aeruginosa infections in CF disease.
The opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa is highly resistant to most classes of antibiotics and causes a wide variety of infections in compromised hosts. In addition, it represents the major cause of morbidity and mortality in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. The principal goal of the present research project was to identify and to characterise P. aeruginosa genes essential for causing a chronic lung infection. Using a PCR-based signature-tagged mutagenesis, we identified a P. aeruginosa STM5437 mutant having an insertion into the PA5437 gene; its inactivation causes attenuation of virulence in vivo. The PA5437 gene, now called pycR, regulates the adjacent operon encoding the pyruvate carboxylase subunits (pyruvate carboxylase regulator). PycR has the signature of a putative transcriptional regulator with a predicted helix-turn-helix motif binding to a typical LysR DNA-binding motif identified in the PA5436 (pycA)-PA5437 (pycA) intercistronic region. Transcriptional start sites of pycA and pycR were identified by primer extension and the DNA binding capacity of PycR was confirmed by a DNA mobility gel shift assay. Genome-wide transcriptional profiling indicated that the genes whose control were differentially expressed by PycR implicated genes responsible for lipid metabolism, lipolytic activity, anaerobic respiration, biofilm formation and a number of quorum sensing regulated genes. This study defines PycR as a major regulator in virulence and where mutations in pycR have pleiotropic effects on the expression of multiple virulence factors such as lipase, esterase and biofilm formation. The expressions of several of these genes are associated with chronic lung persistence. In the second part of the study, P. aeruginosa prototype strains PAO1 and PA14 were compared with the CF isolate LESB58 in the rat model of chronic lung infection. This comparative study identified major differences for LESB58; in vivo in bacterial localisation in the rat lung and in vitro for motility and biofilm production. Functional genomics of P. aeruginosa will provide new insights for the development of novel therapeutic targets. Genomic biodiversity may explain the variation in severity of the P. aeruginosa infections in CF disease.
Champagne, Marie-Eve. "Ré-infections avec Streptococcus pneumoniae : effet sur les réponses immunes innée et acquise lors d'une pneumonie à pneumocoque." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/19368.
Full textCorbière, Fabien. "Modèles de mélange en analyse de survie en présence de donnée groupées : application à la tremblante du mouton." Bordeaux 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BOR21465.
Full textAlthough they are of major interest in the understanding of the classical scrapie dynamic in infested flocks, the factors influencing the contamination by the infectious agent and incubation period remain poorly known. The absence of antemortem diagnostic tools and the confounding effects of long incubation periods and flock management practices yield a partial knowledge of the infectious status of animals. Moreover, we must take into account that only an unknown fraction of animals become infected, even in heavily affected flocks. To deal with issues, we use a class of particular survival models, which take account for the presence of long term survivors. We propose a penalized likelihood, allowing for the estimation of a smooth risk function. We also develop some parametric models with shared frailties to deal with the presence of grouped data. These different models are evaluated through simulations studies. These statistical approaches are then applied to the analysis of real data collected during the following-up of infected flocks in Pyrénées Atlantiques. The key influence of the PRP genotype on the contamination risk and incubation periods is confirmed. Our results also suggest that, at the individual level, the infection mainly takes place around birth. Finally, the strong heterogeneity in the contamination risk and incubation periods observed between flocks could be partially explained by their PRP genetic structure and the number of incubating animals
Ibrahim, Fera. "Apport sur les modèles expérimentaux du rétrovirus HTLV-I chez le rat et isolement et caractérisation moléculaire d'un nouveau STLV-I chez Macaca tonkeana." Lyon 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LYO1T024.
Full textHamel, Antoine. "Contributions cliniques et expérimentales à l'étude des infections ostéo-articulaires de l'enfant." Nantes, 2008. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=3b6abf04-b34c-4bc1-9331-23a7116d32df.
Full textBone and joint infection is a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge for pædiatric surgeon as it may be source of major functional sequellæ. Animal experimentation has contributed to evaluate new molecules active against community acquired methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains and against emerging vancomycin resistant Staphylococcus strains. Development of new animal models has led to evaluate different modes of antbiotics administration and to assess surgical pratices used for managment of bone infections, with or without orthopædic device. Animal experimentation and a clinical study have also contributed to clarify the role of immobilization in the treatment of septic arthritis in children
Lambert, Véronique. "Le virus de l'hépatite B du canard : modèle expérimental pour l'étude de la biologie des infections par les hépadnavirus." Lyon 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LYO1T255.
Full textGatin, Laure. "Infections péri prothétiques et bactéries multi résistantes : un challenge médico-chirurgical." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLV053/document.
Full textThe occurrence of prosthetic joint infection (PJI) is the main complication of joint prosthetic surgery since its invention by Robert and Jean Judet in 1947. Since the number of articular prostheses placed each year increases significantly, these infections are more and more frequent and the optimization of their management is an important medical and economic stake.The animal models of PJI make it possible to understand the ethiopathogenic mechanisms and to test new therapeutics. A critical analysis of the literature was carried out by evaluating each model according to its type of inoculation which influences the rates and the severity of the experimental infection obtained.An experimental model of PJI in rabbits obtained by partial replacement of the knee and local inoculation was used to test the efficacy of new therapeutics during infections with two multi-resistant bacteria which pose problems in human therapeutics.In a first step we evaluated the efficacy of ceftaroline (CPT) cephalosporin bactericidal in vivo against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) by comparing it with vancomycin (VAN) in combination with or without rifampin (RIF). 5.107UFC MRSA (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of 0.38, 0.006, and 1 mg/l for CPT, RIF, and VAN, respectively) was injected into the knee. Infected animals were randomized to receive no treatment (control), CPT (60 mg/kg im), VAN (60 mg/kg im), CPT plus RIF (10 mg/kg im) or VAN plus RIF, 7 days after inoculation and for 7 days. The efficacy of treatments was evaluated on the amount of persistent bacteria in the bone (proximal tibia) after treatment. This work has shown that CPT and VAN were effective as monotherapy, but only the combination with RIF allowed the sterilization of almost all animals. CPT appears to be a potentially effective treatment in this infection.In a second step we studied the efficacy of colistin (COL) in cement, alone or in combination with intramuscular (im) injections of COL and/or meropenem (MRP) in carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae infections (KPC). A model close to that used for MRSA was used. The strain KPC99YC is a clinical strain, resistant to gentamicin (MIC 8mg/L) intermediate to imipenem (MIC 4mg/l), and sensitive to COL (MIC 0,25mg/l). The inoculum was 1,109UFC. Seven days after the infection, the prosthesis were replaced by antibiotic-free spacer (control), or by COL-impregnated spacer (3 MIU of COL/40g of cement), or by antibiotic-free spacer and COL injections (12 mg/kg im), or the combination of the two, or COL injections with COL-impregnated cement spacer associated or not with MRP injections (80 mg/kg im). The treatment lasted 7 days. All control rabbits were infected at D15, with median and interquartile range (IQR) bone bacterial count of 6.17 [5.69, 7.04] CFU/g of bones. In contrast to local COL, systemic COL alone or combined with MRP was more effective than control on bacterial counts in bone at the end of treatment. The combination of COL local + systemic was significantly more effective than control group on bacterial counts. Interestingly it was the only effective regimen on the number of rabbits with sterile bone and at the limit of significance vs systemic treatment alone. One COL-resistant strain was detected in the COL local treatment alone but not with the combination of local and systemic COL.Direct inoculation modes are most effective in reproducing an acute PJI. The experimental studies allow testing innovative treatments in particular for the infections with multi-resistant bacteria
Hraiech, Sami. "Evaluation de stratégies thérapeutiques dans des modèles murins de pneumonie." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM5076/document.
Full textThe emergence multi-drug resistant bacteria hardens the treatment of nosocomial pneumonia. Our objective was to evaluate new therapeutic strategies and pathophysiological hypotheses in murine models of pneumonia.In a first model of acute lethal pneumonia with A. baumannii in rats, we compared the virulence of two hospital strains, one susceptible (ABCS) and the other resistant (ABCR) to colistin. We showed a reduction in mortality, pulmonary bacterial count, incidence of bacteremia and pulmonary histological lesions in animals infected with ABCR. This confirms the impaired virulence associated with the acquisition of resistance to colistin. In a second study, we developed a model of chronic pneumonia with P. aeruginosa in rats and showed thataerosols of squalamine permitted a reduction in pulmonary bacterial load and the number of histological lesions of pneumonia. In a third study, we evaluated the quorum quenching effects of a lactonase in vitro and in a model of acute lethal P. aeruginosa pneumonia in rats. We found a decrease in virulence gene activation and bacterial biofilm synthesis in vitro. This was associated with a decreased mortality from 75 to 20% in the treated animals.ConclusionsIn this work, we described the therapeutic potential of 2 molecules in P. aeruginosa pneumonia and illustratesd the loss of virulence associated with resistance to colistin in a clinical strain of A. baumannii
Hamelin, Marie-Ève. "Caractérisation de la pathogenèse associée à l'infection par le métapneumovirus humain (HMPV) et évaluation de modalités prophylactiques et thérapeutiques." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24378/24378.pdf.
Full textThe human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is a newly-described viral pathogen first reported in the Netherlands in 2001. HMPV is associated with acute respiratory tract infections in all age groups with more severe diseases such as bronchiolitis/bronchitis and pneumonia occurring in young children, elderly individuals and immunocompromised hosts. Before we started this project, no experimental models had been developed, the pathogenesis was not exhaustively described and no vaccines, chemotherapeutic agents, or antibody preparations had been approved for the prevention or treatment of hMPV infections in humans or even studied in vivo. The aim of this project was to develop an experimental animal model for hMPV infection to : 1-characterize the pathogenesis associated with this viral infection and 2-evaluate novel therapeutic or prophylactic modalities. The Balb/c mice and cotton rat are both permissive to hMPV infection. They support efficient viral replication in the lower respiratory tract and the infection is associated with significant lung inflammation. However, Balb/c mice are more susceptible to the infection, as we observe clinical symptoms such as weight loss and breathing difficulties characterized by significant airways obstruction and hyperresponsiveness only in this animal model. Ribavirin has shown antiviral properties against hMPV and significantly reduced viral replication and pulmonary inflammation. Immunizations with inactivated hMPV mixed with adjuvant induced a severe pulmonary disease following intra-nasal infection, as it has already been observed with other paramyxoviruses. Subunit vaccines seem safer preparations to pursue the development of hMPV vaccines. The Balb/c mice and cotton rat experimental models are great tools to better understand hMPV pathogenesis and also to evaluate different therapeutic and prophylactic modalities.
Thévenot, Sarah. "Variations génétiques chez Helicobacter pylori au cours d'une infection expérimentale murine : rôle de la polyphosphate kinase dans la colonisation." Poitiers, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002POIT1802.
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