Relevant bibliographies by topics / Infectious diseases spread

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Infectious diseases spread'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 10 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Infectious diseases spread"

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HSU, S., and A. ZEE. "GLOBAL SPREAD OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES." Journal of Biological Systems 12, no. 03 (2004): 289–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218339004001154.

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We develop simple models for the global spread of infectious diseases, emphasizing human mobility via air travel and the variation of public health infrastructure from region to region. We derive formulas relating the total and peak number of infections in two countries to the rate of travel between them and their respective epidemiological parameters.
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Smith, Robert. "The geographic spread of infectious diseases." Lancet Infectious Diseases 10, no. 3 (2010): 153–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1473-3099(10)70043-8.

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Gurevich, Inge, Barbara Yannelli, and Burke A. Cunha. "Preventing the spread of infectious diseases." Postgraduate Medicine 84, no. 3 (1988): 89–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00325481.1988.11700399.

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LEVIN, SIMON A. "Introduction: Infectious diseases." Environment and Development Economics 12, no. 5 (2007): 625–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355770x07003798.

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In any discussion of the great challenges facing humanity in addressing global environmental problems, a small number of topics automatically rise to the top: climate change, the loss of biodiversity, and the sustainability of the services ecosystems provide us. But no threats to human welfare are more urgent than those posed by infectious diseases; we suffer already the devastating consequences of the emergence of new diseases such as HIV, the reemergence of old ones such as tuberculosis, and simply the increasing toll of endemic diseases such as malaria. Non-human animals play fundamental roles in the spread of many of these diseases – as reservoirs, as vectors, and as cauldrons for the creation of new types. Land-use practices and environmental management both affect the persistence and spread of endemic diseases, such as malaria. Furthermore, as animal populations increase their ranges, due to climate change and human-facilitated alien introductions, the potential for disease spread also increases. These factors, together with the increasing mobility of the human population, conspire to make these environmental problems of great and immediate concern.
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GARDNER, JONATHAN. "Global Effort May Stem Infectious Diseases Spread." Skin & Allergy News 37, no. 9 (2006): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0037-6337(06)71507-8.

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Winter, George. "The spread of infectious diseases in schools." British Journal of School Nursing 5, no. 1 (2010): 39–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjsn.2010.5.1.46598.

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Thobaben, Marshelle. "Germs: Prevent the Spread of Infectious Diseases." Home Health Care Management & Practice 22, no. 3 (2010): 238–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1084822309354563.

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Farrington, C. Paddy, Heather J. Whitaker, Steffen Unkel, and Richard Pebody. "Correlated Infections: Quantifying Individual Heterogeneity in the Spread of Infectious Diseases." American Journal of Epidemiology 177, no. 5 (2013): 474–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aje/kws260.

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Sealy, Cordelia. "Composite could help stop spread of infectious diseases." Materials Today 31 (December 2019): 8–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mattod.2019.10.009.

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Fèvre, Eric M., Barend M. de C. Bronsvoort, Katie A. Hamilton, and Sarah Cleaveland. "Animal movements and the spread of infectious diseases." Trends in Microbiology 14, no. 3 (2006): 125–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tim.2006.01.004.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Infectious diseases spread"

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Kraemer, Moritz U. G. "The distribution and spread of emerging human infectious diseases." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:05011dd4-ea3d-426a-b94b-6b617c331332.

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Despite many successes in the control of human infectious diseases they continue to pose a considerable risk to human health. The global distributions of pathogens are driven by ecological factors and the magnitude and extent of transmission are influenced by the dynamics of human behaviour. Viruses such as chikungnunya virus, Zika virus, dengue virus, and Ebola virus have recently expanded geographically. However, prior to their expansion there was little quantitative evidence available to identify locations that may be susceptible to transmission and to evaluate the likelihood of virus introduction to such locations. In this thesis statistical modelling techniques were applied with the aim of understanding infectious disease ecology, determining the main drivers of disease occurrence, and predicting the magnitude and regional spread of an outbreak in real-time. My results provide estimates of the populations now living in areas with possible transmission of chikungunya virus, show that the seasonal dynamics of Zika infection coupled with data on international travel, can better predict the arrival of the virus into new locations. Analyses of regional outbreaks of viruses including Ebola virus in West Africa and Yellow fever virus in Angola and the Democratic Republic Congo, show that patterns of human mobility strongly predict the real-time spread of disease. Further, I demonstrate that the impact of human movement varies considerably depending on the time of the outbreak (expanding versus declining phase) and the country of interest. The results and conclusions of these studies are discussed in the context of improving our understanding of infectious disease dynamics and of informing public health policies, interventions, and control efforts.
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Abdel-Moneim, Islam Ahmed. "Mathematical modelling and computer simulation of the spread of infectious diseases." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.248332.

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Mendy, Sang Taphou. "Quasi-stationarity of stochastic models for the spread of infectious diseases." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.507720.

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Goscé, Lara. "Modelling the spread of infectious diseases in confined and crowded environments." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2016. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.702271.

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The study of infectious diseases and their spreading mechanisms is fundamental to prevent new infections and limit the eventual death toll. Just as not all diseases have the same characteristics, not all individuals have the same probability of contracting the infection and different scenarios lead to different outcomes. Focusing on the heterogeneity of the populations, we create an interdisciplinary and novel approach that relax the assumption of well-mixed populations, typical of compartmental models, by incorporating state-of-the-art results of empirical and analytical pedestrian studies. By knowing the relationship between crowd density and walking velocity we are able to devise a density-dependent contact rate allowing us to estimate the number of contacts between infectious and healthy individuals in crowded and confined situations. The advantages of this method are: (i) the ability of getting more realistic solutions on the number of new infections and (ii) the possibility of studying a scenario a-priori. This means that just by knowing the size of the population and the extension of the environment we are able to infer the number of contacts between individuals and, consequently, the number of new infections. We apply the method to the London Underground network by using data from Transport for London (TfL). We firstly devise a transportation model that evaluates the amount of time passengers spend in each station in order to walk from entrance to platform and vice-versa. After that we infer the density inside the stations and the number of contacts between passengers. As a validation we compare the results with data of infections (reported by general practitioners) in London boroughs and obtain a clear correlation between the use of public transport and the incidence rate of infections. Further studies using this new type of modelling could help evaluate and, eventually, prevent contagion in most crowded environments such as public transport, offices, schools and hospitals.
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Do, Thao. "Imaging of HIV-1 spread from T cells and macrophages to astrocytes." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:07ffd971-0b25-4990-8d17-001d943ebfa5.

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CD4+ T cells and macrophages are the principal targets of HIV-1. They can be productively infected with the virus and transfer virions to contacting bystander cells. It has been suggested that soon after initial infection, free virions and virus-bearing or infected T cells and macrophages can enter the brain, triggering a cascade of inflammatory signals and recruitment of other immune cells. Chronic inflammation and increased viral antigens in the brain lead to HIV-1 associated neuropathy. Once free virions or infected cells enter the central nervous system, the first type of brain cells that they are likely to encounter are astrocytes, which extend endfeet around the blood vessels. These cells have been observed to contain virions and viral products, but their permissivity to productive infection has not been clearly demonstrated. By contrast, productive infection of resident microglia and perivascular macrophages is well established. Here, I investigate the permissivity of astrocytes to HIV-1 infection and found no evidence of infection by the free route. However, I found that astrocytes intimately contact HIV-1 infected macrophages and CD4+ T cells and, in some cases, extend filopodial membrane toward the infected cell. In astrocyte-T cell contact sites, termed synapses, virions appear to move along the astrocytic filopodia from the T cell to the astrocyte. In this case, the target cell mediated viral transfer across the intercellular gap. HIV-1-infected macrophages released virus that associated with astrocytes, remaining either on the surface of the astrocytes or within intracellular compartments. HIV-1 bound to astrocytes could be transmitted efficiently to permissive cells in trans. However, astrocyte-associated virus was sensitive to inhibitors including proteases and neutralizing antibodies, suggesting a surface-accessible compartment. This work provides insight into mechanisms of HIV-1 spread in the brain from infected CD4+ T cells and macrophages to astrocytes and their potential as virus reservoirs. I also optimized high resolution, correlative focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy technology to answer fundamental biological questions. I demonstrate the application of the technology to study skeletal muscle cell differentiation mechanisms. I combine the power of genetic mapping with structural analysis to qualitatively and quantitatively describe cellular states and functions. Using semi-automatic image processing analysis, I was able to compute high volumes of data and generate statistics that relate quantitative measurements of cellular structures to functions. The toolset developed here will be instrumental in studying cells and tissues in both research and clinical applications.
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Graham, Matthew. "The impact of heterogeneity in contact structure on the spread of infectious diseases." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2014. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/66543/.

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Contact structure between individuals in a population has a large impact on the spread of an epidemic within this population. Many techniques and models are used to investigate this, from heterogeneous age-age mixing matrices to the use of network models in order to quantify the heterogeneity in the populations contacts. For many diseases, the probability of infection per contact, along with the exact contact structure are unknown, compounding the difficulty of identifying accurate contact structures. In this thesis, the impact that the contact structure has on the epidemic is examined in several different ways. Analytical expressions for the variance in the spread of an epidemic in its early exponential growth phase on heterogeneous networks are derived, showing that the third moment of the degree distribution is needed to fully specify this variance. This quantifies the impact that very well connected individuals can have on the early spread of an epidemic through a network. The dependency of the potential epidemic on the heterogeneity in workplace sizes and transmission rates is examined. It is shown that large workplaces can increase the expected size of the epidemic significantly, along with increasing the effectiveness of control strategies enacted during the early stages of an epidemic. In addition to this, a synthetic population is constructed for England and Wales from available datasets, in an attempt to model the spread of an epidemic through a realistic network of comparable size to the true population. The contact structure that is derived from this is compared with that taken from two surveys of contact structure in the same population, using simple models, and qualitative differences are seen to exist between the surveyed structures and the synthetic population structure.
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Gomez-Lopez, Iris Nelly. "Simulating the Spread of Infectious Diseases in Heterogeneous Populations with Diverse Interactions Characteristics." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2013. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc407831/.

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The spread of infectious diseases has been a public concern throughout human history. Historic recorded data has reported the severity of infectious disease epidemics in different ages. Ancient Greek physician Hippocrates was the first to analyze the correlation between diseases and their environment. Nowadays, health authorities are in charge of planning strategies that guarantee the welfare of citizens. The simulation of contagion scenarios contributes to the understanding of the epidemic behavior of diseases. Computational models facilitate the study of epidemics by integrating disease and population data to the simulation. The use of detailed demographic and geographic characteristics allows researchers to construct complex models that better resemble reality and the integration of these attributes permits us to understand the rules of interaction. The interaction of individuals with similar characteristics forms synthetic structures that depict clusters of interaction. The synthetic environments facilitate the study of the spread of infectious diseases in diverse scenarios. The characteristics of the population and the disease concurrently affect the local and global epidemic progression. Every cluster’ epidemic behavior constitutes the global epidemic for a clustered population. By understanding the correlation between structured populations and the spread of a disease, current dissertation research makes possible to identify risk groups of specific characteristics and devise containment strategies that facilitate health authorities to improve mitigation strategies.
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Churakov, Mikhail. "Spatial and network aspects of the spread of infectious diseases in livestock populations." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2014. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/6417/.

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In this thesis, I focus on methodological concepts of studying infectious disease transmission between agricultural premises. I used different disease systems as exemplars for spatial and network methods to investigate transmission patterns. Infectious diseases cause tangible economic threat to the farming industry worldwide by damaging livestock populations, reducing farm productivity and causing trade restriction. This implies the importance of veterinary epidemiological studies in control and eradication of pathogens. Recent increase in availability of data and computational power allowed for more opportunities to study mechanisms of pathogenic transmission. Nowadays, the bottleneck is primarily associated with efficient methods that can analyse vast amounts of high-resolution data. Here I address two livestock pathogens that differ in their epidemiology: bacteria Streptococcus agalactiae and foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) virus. Streptococcus agalactiae is a contagious pathogen that causes mastitis in cattle, and thus possesses a substantial economic burden to the dairy industry. Known transmission routes between cattle are restricted to those via milking machines, milkers’ hands and fomites during milking process. Additionally, recent studies suggested potential introductions from other host species: primarily, humans. However, strain typing data showed discrepancies in strain compositions of bacteria isolated from humans and bovines. In this thesis, strain-specific features of between-herd transmission of Streptococcus agalactiae within dairy cattle population in Denmark are investigated. Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a viral infection that affects cloven-hoofed animals and is of big importance mainly because of the trade restrictions against infected regions and countries. Control programmes against FMD usually include vaccination and culling of animals. However, the debate on the optimal control for FMD is still ongoing. In this thesis, I address questions on identification of the routes of infection and on requirements for movement recording systems to be used for efficient contact tracing during an FMD outbreak. This thesis reveals several interesting findings. Firstly, the increased understanding of strain-specific transmission characteristics of Streptococcus agalactiae. One of the observed strains (ST103) showed significant and consistent spatial clustering of its cases among Danish dairy cattle herds in 2009–2011. Secondly, the network analysis of cattle movements and affiliations with veterinary practices showed that veterinary practices were exclusively associated with transmission of ST103 of Streptococcus agalactiae. Contrastingly, movement networks appeared to be important for all the three predominant bacterial strains (ST1, ST23 and ST103). Fourthly, the new extended approach that allows estimation of the whole transmission tree at once was proposed and tested for the Darlington cluster within the 2001 FMD UK epidemic. Finally, in chapter 6, it was shown that mathematical modelling did not suggest any advantages of ensuring smaller delays in the post-silent control of FMD-like pathogens.
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Nelson, Merritt R., Joseph C. Matejka, and Judith K. Brown. "Use of Stylet Oil to Slow the Spread of Lettuce Infectious Yellows Virus." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/214262.

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The use of stylet oil to slow the spread of the whitefly- transmitted vines, lettuce infectious yellows, shows sufficient promise to plan for expanded research efforts. The main positive results were a slower buildup of virus infection and a larger number of marketable heads in the block of lettuce sprayed with oil. Weight (in grams) of individual heads could be correlated with time of infection in that the lowest weights and marketability ratings occurred in plants infected earliest in the season. Whether they were front treated or untreated plots, marketable heads weighed an average of 784 grams; unmarketable heads weighed 491 grams. The key difference is that, on the average, five marketable heads of lettuce were in the oil- treated plots for every three in the untreated plots. A follow-up experiment will be conducted in 1989 to determine if these preliminary positive results indicate that stylet oil treatment may be a practical control method for slowing the spread of L1YV.
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Wilkinson, Robert. "Stochastic models for the spread of infectious diseases on finite contact networks : exact results and representations." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2015. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/2014701/.

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Mathematical models for the spread of infectious diseases between living organisms are crucial to humanity's endeavour to understand and control its environment. The threat posed by communicable diseases is great. For example, the 1918 flu pandemic resulted in the deaths of over 50 million people and the HIV/AIDS pandemic is still under way with 2.3 million new cases in 2012. Mathematical models allow us to make predictions about the likelihood, impact and time scale of possible epidemics, and to devise effective intervention programmes, e.g. mass vaccination. This thesis considers various stochastic models of disease propagation which utilise the concept of a finite contact (social) network. For such models, we investigate ways in which important information can be extracted without a full mathematical `solution' (often unavailable) or numerous time consuming simulations (often inefficient and uninformative). For example, we consider the probability that a large scale outbreak will occur when a single infected individual is introduced to a susceptible population, and the expected number of infected individuals at time t. Although we focus on the context of epidemiology, the models under investigation are elementary and will be applicable to other domains, such as the spread of computer viruses, the spread of ideas, chemical reactions, and interacting particle systems.
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Books on the topic "Infectious diseases spread"

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1970-, Lloyd Alun, ed. The geographic spread of infectious diseases: Models and applications. Princeton University Press, 2009.

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Sattenspiel, Lisa. The geographic spread of infectious diseases: Models and applications. Princeton University Press, 2009.

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Manfredi, Piero, and Alberto D'Onofrio, eds. Modeling the Interplay Between Human Behavior and the Spread of Infectious Diseases. Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5474-8.

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United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Foreign Relations. The threat of bioterrorism and the spread of infectious diseases: Hearing before the Committee on Foreign Relations, United States Senate, One Hundred Seventh Congress, first session, September 5, 2001. U.S. G.P.O., 2001.

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Krämer, Sybille. Medium, Messenger, Transmission. Amsterdam University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789462983083.

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This rich study provides a comprehensive introduction to media philosophy while offering a new perspective on the concept and function of transmission media in all systems of exchange. Krämer uses the figure of the messenger as a key metaphor, examining a diverse range of transmission events, including the circulation of money, translation of languages, angelic visitations, spread of infectious diseases, and processes of transference and counter-transference that occur during psychoanalysis.
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Sentā, Nihon Kokusai Kōryū. Japan's response to the spread of HIV/AIDS. Japan Center for International Exchange, 2004.

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Tundaleva, Irina. Sanitation and hygiene of hairdressing services. INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/979063.

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The purpose of the tutorial is to highlight the specifics of sanitary and hygienic requirements for the work of hairdressers and their employees. The specific features of the applied technologies for disinfection of instruments are described. Issues related to the need to comply with sanitary and hygienic standards are highlighted.
 The section of Microbiology related to the field of hairdressing services is considered. The topics of preventing the spread of infectious diseases are covered in detail, and the types of skin diseases are described. A separate section is devoted to competent care of the scalp and hair, face skin, nails.
 Meets the requirements for the profession of a hairdresser in accordance with the Federal state educational standard of secondary professional education of the last generation in the specialty 43.02.13 "technology of hairdressing".
 For students who receive secondary special education in hairdressing specialties.
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S, Ayensu Edward, ed. HIV/AIDS, knowledge protects: New and specific approaches to contain the spread of HIV in developing countries. Strauss, 2001.

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Berndtson, Eva. Campylobacter in broiler chickens: The mode of spread in chicken flocks with special reference to food hygiene. Sveriges Lantbruksuniversitet, 1996.

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United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Foreign Relations. Halting the spread of HIV/AIDS: Future efforts in the U.S. bilateral and multilateral response : hearings before the Committee on Foreign Relations, United States Senate, One Hundred Seventh Congress, second session, February 13 and 14, 2002. U.S. G.P.O., 2002.

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Book chapters on the topic "Infectious diseases spread"

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Zahar, J. R., and J. F. Timsit. "How To Control MRSA Spread in the Intensive Care Unit." In Infectious Diseases in Critical Care. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-34406-3_21.

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Mizuno, Kanako, and Kazue Kudo. "Spread of Infectious Diseases with a Latent Period." In Proceedings of the International Conference on Social Modeling and Simulation, plus Econophysics Colloquium 2014. Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20591-5_13.

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Chen, Dongmei. "Modeling the Spread of Infectious Diseases: A Review." In Wiley Series in Probability and Statistics. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118630013.ch2.

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Rao, V. Sree Hari, and Ranjit Kumar Upadhyay. "Modeling the Spread and Outbreak Dynamics of Avian Influenza (H5N1) Virus and Its Possible Control." In Dynamic Models of Infectious Diseases. Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-9224-5_9.

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Aparicio, Juan P., Angel F. Capurro, and Carlos Castillo-Chavez. "Frequency Dependent Risk of Infection and the Spread of Infectious Diseases." In Mathematical Approaches for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases: An Introduction. Springer New York, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-3667-0_19.

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Bauch, Chris, Alberto d’Onofrio, and Piero Manfredi. "Behavioral Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases: An Overview." In Modeling the Interplay Between Human Behavior and the Spread of Infectious Diseases. Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5474-8_1.

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Gardner, Lauren M. "Modeling the Spread of Infectious Diseases in Global Transport Systems." In Encyclopedia of GIS. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-23519-6_1615-1.

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Gardner, Lauren M. "Modeling the Spread of Infectious Diseases in Global Transport Systems." In Encyclopedia of GIS. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17885-1_1615.

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Liò, Pietro, Bianchi Lucia, Viet-Anh Nguyen, and Stephan Kitchovitch. "Risk Perception, Heuristics and Epidemic Spread." In Modeling the Interplay Between Human Behavior and the Spread of Infectious Diseases. Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5474-8_9.

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Grace, Delia, Tadelle Dessie, Michel Dione, et al. "Transboundary animal diseases." In The impact of the International Livestock Research Institute. CABI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789241853.0274.

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Abstract Transboundary animal diseases (TADs) are highly contagious epidemics with the potential for very rapid spread, causing serious economic and sometimes public health consequences while threatening farmers' livelihoods. TADs often cause high morbidity and mortality in susceptible animal populations. Some TADs are also emerging infectious diseases, food-borne diseases and/or zoonoses: these are covered in other chapters. This chapter covers those high-impact, highly contagious animal diseases, such as foot-andmouth disease (FMD), that do not infect humans but do affect food and nutrition security and trade that the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) has been working on since the 1990s. These are: African swine fever (ASF), mycoplasma disease (both contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) and contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP)), peste des petits ruminants (PPR) and Newcastle disease (ND). Other TADs, which were to a lesser degree the focus of ILRI research, are briefly mentioned (including FMD, classical swine fever (CSF) and rinderpest).
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Conference papers on the topic "Infectious diseases spread"

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Yang, YiYing. "Study on Spread Model of Infectious Diseases." In 2016 2nd International Conference on Education Technology, Management and Humanities Science. Atlantis Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/etmhs-16.2016.101.

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Orford, RR. "1603b Travel and the spread of infectious diseases." In 32nd Triennial Congress of the International Commission on Occupational Health (ICOH), Dublin, Ireland, 29th April to 4th May 2018. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2018-icohabstracts.591.

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Zughaier, Susu. "High Vaccine Coverage is Crucial for Preventing the Spread of Infectious Diseases During Mass Gathering." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2020.0138.

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Background: Vaccines are the most cost-effective intervention in public health as they prevent the spread of highly contagious infectious diseases. Because of vaccine implementation and high coverage, Measles was eradicated in 2000, however the recent reappearance of measles in the United States, Europe and globally is alarming. The resurgence of Measles, Diphtheria and Mumps is due to a reduction in vaccine coverage and herd immunity. Vaccine hesitant parents, antivaxxers, and fake news on vaccines are driving the surge in those infectious diseases. The World Health Organization issued the Global Vaccine and Immunization Action Plan to reiterate the importance of vaccine implementation and coverage for several vaccine-preventable infectious diseases in the world. Qatar is preparing for the upcoming FIFA World Cup 2022 therefore maintaining high vaccine coverage, which is critical in preventing infectious diseases spreading during such mass gathering. Methods: Literature search for vaccine coverage rates, resurgence of vaccine preventable infectious diseases and risks of mass gatherings. Results: Seventeen infectious diseases are currently vaccine-preventable. The cost-effectiveness of vaccine is documented as it is estimated for each dollar spent on vaccines, 10 dollars are saved in disease treatment. A drop in vaccine coverage rates to under 90% lead to the resurgence of measles. Vaccine coverage rate in Qatar is currently at 95% which is one of the highest in the world. Qatar must maintain this high coverage rate to prevent any measles outbreaks during mass gatherings. The planned World Cup event will take place from November 21 till December 18 2022, which is the peak for seasonal influenza. In preparedness for this major event, Qatar should encourage residents and visitors to be vaccinated not just against measles and seasonal influenza, but also hepatitis and meningitis. Conclusion: Maintaining 95% vaccine coverage rate is critical for preventing the resurgence of vaccine-preventable infectious diseases during the World Cup mass gathering in Qatar.
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Kudo, Kazue, and Kanako Mizuno. "Spread of Infectious Diseases: Effects of the Treatment of Population." In Proceedings of the Asia-Pacific Econophysics Conference 2016 — Big Data Analysis and Modeling toward Super Smart Society — (APEC-SSS2016). Journal of the Physical Society of Japan, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7566/jpscp.16.011007.

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Cao, Lang, and Xun Li. "Impacts of evolutionary vaccine games on the spread of infectious diseases." In 2016 35th Chinese Control Conference (CCC). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/chicc.2016.7554995.

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Petricic, Martin, Gareth Burton, and Libin Miao. "Mitigation of Infectious Disease Outbreaks: Considerations for the Marine and Offshore Industries." In SNAME 26th Offshore Symposium. SNAME, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/tos-2021-16.

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Similar to land-based facilities, marine and offshore assets can be exposed to outbreaks of infectious diseases. This is exemplified by the recent COVID-19 outbreak which has had a significant impact on both personnel health and normal operations of the assets. The occurrence and transmission of infectious diseases on marine and offshore assets can, however, be mitigated by appropriate physical arrangements on board and having operational procedures in place. This paper addresses the former. The effectiveness of operational measures can be significantly increased if infectious diseases are considered at the asset’s design stage. ABS has identified a lack of available technical guidance regarding physical arrangements that can help make marine and offshore assets safer for crews and reduce the spread of infectious diseases, such as COVID-19. This paper presents the best practices and recommendations for physical arrangements drawn mainly from the recognized standards for land-based medical facilities and applied to marine and offshore assets. The recommendations focus on specific spaces inside the accommodation block, their number, location, layout, ventilation, and interior surfaces. Isolation cabins with their associated anterooms are proposed as the most reliable way of isolating suspected or confirmed cases of an infectious disease from the rest of the personnel on board. Negative pressure, independent exhaust system, and easy to clean surfaces that are accessible and resistant to deterioration from frequent cleaning and disinfection are effective measures in containing the transmission of infectious diseases that are spread through the air or direct and indirect contact. The paper also emphasizes the need to promote segregation of the visitors from crew and passengers by providing designated spaces for the visitors and gives recommendations on the communication equipment needed for receiving medical advice from land-based medical specialists. If properly implemented and if augmented with robust operational measures, physical arrangement measures have the potential to significantly improve the safety of the crew, passengers, and visitors, as well as minimize the negative consequences of disruptions to normal asset operations.
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Larionova, Larisa. "Criminal Legal Means Preventing Spread Of Dangerous Infectious Diseases In Modern Society." In II International Scientific and Practical Conference "Individual and Society in the Modern Geopolitical Environment" Conference. European Publisher, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2020.12.04.56.

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Bhatele, Abhinav, Jae-Seung Yeom, Nikhil Jain, et al. "Massively Parallel Simulations of Spread of Infectious Diseases over Realistic Social Networks." In 2017 17th IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Cluster, Cloud and Grid Computing (CCGRID). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ccgrid.2017.141.

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Derjany, Pierrot, and Sirish Namilae. "Computational Model for Pedestrian Movement and Infectious Diseases Spread During Air Travel." In 2018 AIAA Modeling and Simulation Technologies Conference. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2018-0419.

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Georgiev, Ivan, and Evelina Veleva. "Modeling the effect of measures to limit the spread of infectious diseases." In SEVENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NEW TRENDS IN THE APPLICATIONS OF DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS IN SCIENCES (NTADES 2020). AIP Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0040415.

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Reports on the topic "Infectious diseases spread"

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Ibáñez, Ana María, Sandra Rozo, and Maria J. Urbina. Forced Migration and the Spread of Infectious Diseases. Inter-American Development Bank, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0002894.

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We examine the role of Venezuelan forced migration on the propagation of 15 infectious dis-eases in Colombia. For this purpose, we use rich municipal-monthly panel data. We exploit the fact that municipalities closer to the main migration entry points have a disproportionate ex-posure to infected migrants when the cumulative migration flows increase. We find that higher refugee inflows are associated with increments in the incidence of vaccine-preventable dis-eases, such as chickenpox and tuberculosis, as well as sexually transmitted diseases, including AIDS and syphilis. However, we find no significant effects of migration on the propagation of vector-borne diseases. Contact with infected migrants upon arrival seems to be the main driving mechanism.
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Rahai, Hamid, and Jeremy Bonifacio. Numerical Investigations of Virus Transport Aboard a Commuter Bus. Mineta Transportation Institute, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2021.2048.

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The authors performed unsteady numerical simulations of virus/particle transport released from a hypothetical passenger aboard a commuter bus. The bus model was sized according to a typical city bus used to transport passengers within the city of Long Beach in California. The simulations were performed for the bus in transit and when the bus was at a bus stop opening the middle doors for 30 seconds for passenger boarding and drop off. The infected passenger was sitting in an aisle seat in the middle of the bus, releasing 1267 particles (viruses)/min. The bus ventilation system released air from two linear slots in the ceiling at 2097 cubic feet per minute (CFM) and the air was exhausted at the back of the bus. Results indicated high exposure for passengers sitting behind the infectious during the bus transit. With air exchange outside during the bus stop, particles were spread to seats in front of the infectious passenger, thus increasing the risk of infection for the passengers sitting in front of the infectious person. With higher exposure time, the risk of infection is increased. One of the most important factors in assessing infection risk of respiratory diseases is the spatial distribution of the airborne pathogens. The deposition of the particles/viruses within the human respiratory system depends on the size, shape, and weight of the virus, the morphology of the respiratory tract, as well as the subject’s breathing pattern. For the current investigation, the viruses are modeled as solid particles of fixed size. While the results provide details of particles transport within a bus along with the probable risk of infection for a short duration, however, these results should be taken as preliminary as there are other significant factors such as the virus’s survival rate, the size distribution of the virus, and the space ventilation rate and mixing that contribute to the risk of infection and have not been taken into account in this investigation.
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Candrilli, Sean D., and Samantha Kurosky. The Response to and Cost of Meningococcal Disease Outbreaks in University Campus Settings: A Case Study in Oregon, United States. RTI Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2019.rr.0034.1910.

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Invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) is a contagious bacterial infection that can occur sporadically in healthy individuals. Symptoms are typically similar to other common diseases, which can result in delayed diagnosis and treatment until patients are critically ill. In the United States, IMD outbreaks are rare and unpredictable. During an outbreak, rapidly marshalling the personnel and monetary resources to respond is paramount to controlling disease spread. If a community lacks necessary resources for a quick and efficient outbreak response, the resulting economic cost can be overwhelming. We developed a conceptual framework of activities implemented by universities, health departments, and community partners when responding to university-based IMD outbreaks. Next, cost data collected from public sources and interviews were applied to the conceptual framework to estimate the economic cost, both direct and indirect, of a university-based IMD outbreak. We used data from two recent university outbreaks in Oregon as case studies. Findings indicate a university-based IMD outbreak response relies on coordination between health care providers/insurers, university staff, media, government, and volunteers, along with many other community members. The estimated economic cost was $12.3 million, inclusive of the cost of vaccines ($7.35 million). Much of the total cost was attributable to wrongful death and indirect costs (e.g., productivity loss resulting from death). Understanding the breadth of activities and the economic cost of such a response may inform budgeting for future outbreak preparedness and development of alternative strategies to prevent and/or control IMD.
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Levesque, Justine, Nathaniel Loranger, Carter Sehn, Shantel Johnson, and Jordan Babando. COVID-19 prevalence and infection control measures at homeless shelters and hostels in high-income countries: protocol for a scoping review. York University Libraries, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25071/10315/38513.

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The COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately impacted people experiencing homelessness. Homeless shelters and hostels, as congregate living spaces for residents with many health vulnerabilities, are highly susceptible to outbreaks of COVID-19. A synthesis of the research-to-date can inform evidence-based practices for infection, prevention, and control strategies at these sites to reduce the prevalence of COVID-19 among both shelter/hostel residents and staff. Methods: A scoping review in accordance with Arksey and O’Malley’s framework will be conducted to identify literature reporting COVID-19 positivity rates among homeless shelter and hostel residents and staff, as well as infection control strategies to prevent outbreaks in these facilities. The focus will be on literature produced in high-income countries. Nine academic literature databases and 11 grey literature databases will be searched for literature from March 2020 to July 2021. Literature screening will be completed by two reviewers and facilitated by Covidence, a systematic review management platform. A third reviewer will be engaged to resolve disagreements and facilitate consensus. A narrative summary of the major themes identified in the literature, numerical counts of relevant data including the COVID-19 positivity rates, and recommendations for different infection control approaches will be produced. Discussion: The synthesis of the research generated on COVID-19 prevalence and prevention in homeless shelters and hostels will assist in establishing best practices to prevent the spread of COVID-19 and other airborne diseases at these facilities in high-income countries while identifying next steps to expand the existing evidence base.
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