Journal articles: 'Infectious diseases (Study)'

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Delogu, Lucia Gemma, Silvia Deidda, Giuseppe Delitala, and Roberto Manetti. "Infectious diseases and autoimmunity." Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 5, no. 10 (October 11, 2011): 679–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.2061.

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Introduction: Autoimmunity occurs when the immune system recognizes and attacks host tissue. In addition to genetic factors, environmental triggers (in particular viruses, bacteria and other infectious pathogens) are thought to play a major role in the development of autoimmune diseases. Methodology: We searched PubMed, Cochrane, and Scopus without time limits for relevant articles. Results: In this review, we (i) describe the ways in which an infectious agent can initiate or exacerbate autoimmunity; (ii) discuss the evidence linking certain infectious agents to autoimmune diseases in humans; and (iii) describe the animal models used to study the link between infection and autoimmunity. Conclusions: Besides genetic predisposition to autoimmunity, viral and bacterial infections are known to be involved in the initiation and promotion of autoimmune diseases. These studies suggest that pathogens can trigger autoimmunity through molecular mimicry and their adjuvant effects during initiation of disease, and can promote autoimmune responses through bystander activation or epitope spreading via inflammation and/or superantigens.

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Antipov, M. O., and A. Ya Mindlina. "Infectious and Non-infectious Diseases of the Digestive System. Epidemiological Interrelation." Epidemiology and Vaccinal Prevention 18, no. 1 (March 12, 2019): 55–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.31631/2073-3046-2019-18-1-55-66.

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Background.Infectious and non-infectious diseases of the digestive system are common in Russia and worldwide and have major social and economic significance, yet the importance of infectious diseases in development of chronic digestive disorders is not adequately studied. The study aims to define epidemiologic charateristics of non-infectious diseases of the digestive system and to assess the influence of enteric infections on chronic digestive disorders development.Materials and methods.The authors conducted a retrospective epidemiologic analysis of incidence and prevalence of infectious and non-infectious digestive diseases in Russia in the period between 2002 and 2017 and in-depth for 2010–2017. Statistical analysis was done using least square method, Pearson correlation and regression analysis and statistical processing was performed using the Microsoft Excel and IBM SPSS Statistics software. Findings. During the incidence growth period for non-infectious diseases (2010–2015) in Russia a strong positive correlation is detected between incidences of infectious and non-infectious digestive diseases. In particular, Hepatithis A, Enterovirus, Rotavirus and Norovirus infections have to most significant impact on liver, biliary tract diseases, pancreas and intestinal diseases.Conclusion.Enteric infections increase the risk of development of chronic digestive diseases. Prevention of infectious diseases will allow to decrease incidence of chronic digestive diseases

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Antipov, M. O. "Influence of Infectious Diseases Incidence on Epidemic Situation with Chronic Diseases of the Gastrointestinal Tract." Epidemiology and Vaccinal Prevention 19, no. 5 (November 11, 2020): 61–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.31631/2073-3046-2020-19-5-61-68.

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Aim. To study the relationship of the incidence of infectious and non-infectious diseases of the digestive system.Materials and methods. A retrospective epidemiological analysis of the incidence of the population of the Russian Federation by diseases of the digestive system of an infectious and non-infectious nature for the period of 2002-2019. The data were sampled from state statistics forms No. 2, No. 23; determining the relationships between these disease groups using Pearson correlation methods and linear regression. A case-control study by questioning a sample of 107 people.Results. A parallel increase in the incidence of diseases of the digestive system of a non-infectious and infectious nature is observed. The most pronounced increase is in the incidence of viral infections. Strong correlation exists between rotavirus infection and diseases of the liver, pancreas, intestines; between norovirus infection and diseases of the liver, pancreas; enterovirus infection and pancreatic disease; as well as hepatitis A and gallbladder diseases. Patients suffering from chronic non-infectious diseases of the digestive system, with a reliably high chance, often suffer from acute intestinal infections, rotavirus infection, hepatitis A, and are also better aware of their etiology than those who do not have such diseases.Conclusion. Prevention of infectious diseases of the digestive system will reduce the incidence of noncommunicable diseases associated with them.

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Videholm, Samuel, Sven-Arne Silfverdal, and Georges Reniers. "Maternal weight and infections in early childhood: a cohort study." Archives of Disease in Childhood 104, no. 1 (June 21, 2018): 58–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2017-314628.

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ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to examine this association between maternal weight during pregnancy and the incidence of hospitalisations for infectious diseases during early childhood.DesignA population-based cohort study.SettingA national cohort was created by combining data from the Swedish Medical Birth Register, the National Inpatient Register, the Cause of Death Register, the Total Population Register and the Longitudinal integration database for health insurance and labour market studies.Patients693 007 children born in Sweden between 1998 and 2006.Main outcome measuresNumber of hospitalisations for infectious diseases during the first 5 years of life, overall and for categories of infectious diseases (lower respiratory, enteric, upper respiratory, genitourinary, perinatal, skin and soft tissue, neurological and eye, digestive tract, bloodstream and other infections).ResultsOverweight (body mass index (BMI) 25.0–29.9) and obesity (BMI≥30) during pregnancy were associated with a higher overall incidence of hospitalisations for infectious diseases, adjusted incidence rate ratio (IRR) 1.05 (95% CI 1.03 to 1.06) and adjusted IRR 1.18 (95% CI 1.16 to 1.21). Overweight and obesity during pregnancy were strongly associated with perinatal infections, adjusted IRR 1.34 (95% CI 1.25 to 1.44) and adjusted IRR 1.72 (95% CI 1.57 to 1.88). In contrast, we found no association between maternal weight during pregnancy and infections of skin and soft tissue, the nervous system, the digestive tract or the bloodstream.ConclusionsWe observed an association between overweight and obesity during pregnancy, and hospitalisations for infectious diseases during early childhood.

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Erovichenkov, A. A., N. N. Zvereva, M. A. Sayfullin, and N. V. Okolot. "Prevention of Imported Infectious Diseases in Travelers." Epidemiology and Vaccine Prevention 17, no. 5 (October 23, 2018): 89–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.31631/2073-3046-2018-17-5-89-95.

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In modern conditions, the study, development of methods for the prevention of imported infections after international travel is an urgent problem in many countries of the world. In 2017, the world has committed more than 1322 million international trips, in Russia – 39.6 million trips abroad. The factors influencing the growth in the number of international trips made are singled out. The structure of imported infectious diseases in 380 children and 1580 adult patients hospitalized in Moscow's Infectious Clinical Hospital № 1 between 2009 and 2016 after arriving from foreign countries is given. Objective: to analyze some modern approaches to the prevention of imported infectious diseases. The modern classification of categories of travelers is given. Examples of studies conducted in different countries indicate the important role of pre-travel consultations for the prevention of imported infections. The analysis of the risks of development of certain infectious diseases in travelers has been carried out. Modern algorithms of vaccination before journeys are considered. Attention is drawn to the need to develop centers for medicine in Russia, which will help provide practical health care in the prevention of imported infections.

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List, E., D. Berryman, B. Bower, L. Sackmann-Sala, E. Gosney, J. Ding, S. Okada, and J. Kopchick. "The Use of Proteomics to Study Infectious Diseases." Infectious Disorders - Drug Targets 8, no. 1 (March 1, 2008): 31–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/187152608784139640.

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Mullen, Lisa M., Sean P. Nair, John M. Ward, Andrew N. Rycroft, and Brian Henderson. "Phage display in the study of infectious diseases." Trends in Microbiology 14, no. 3 (March 2006): 141–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tim.2006.01.006.

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Ezenwa, Vanessa O., Anne-Helene Prieur-Richard, Benjamin Roche, Xavier Bailly, Pierre Becquart, Gabriel E. García-Peña, Parviez R. Hosseini, et al. "Interdisciplinarity and Infectious Diseases: An Ebola Case Study." PLOS Pathogens 11, no. 8 (August 6, 2015): e1004992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1004992.

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Sintchenko, Vitali, Stephen Anthony, Xuan-Hieu Phan, Frank Lin, and Enrico W. Coiera. "A PubMed-Wide Associational Study of Infectious Diseases." PLoS ONE 5, no. 3 (March 10, 2010): e9535. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0009535.

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LIPUMA, JOHN J. "Molecular tools for epidemiologic study of infectious diseases." Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal 17, no. 8 (August 1998): 667–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006454-199808000-00002.

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Brehm, Michael A., Nathalie Jouvet, Dale L. Greiner, and Leonard D. Shultz. "Humanized mice for the study of infectious diseases." Current Opinion in Immunology 25, no. 4 (August 2013): 428–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coi.2013.05.012.

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Lanteri, Charlotte, Katrin Mende, and Mark Kortepeter. "Emerging Infectious Diseases and Antimicrobial Resistance (EIDAR)." Military Medicine 184, Supplement_2 (April 20, 2019): 59–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/milmed/usz081.

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Abstract Introduction The Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program’s (IDCRP) Emerging Infectious Diseases and Antimicrobial Resistance (EIDAR) Research Area is a Department of Defense (DoD) clinical research capability that is responsive and adaptive to emerging infectious disease (EID) threats to US military readiness. Among active-duty and other Military Health System (MHS) beneficiaries, EIDAR research is largely focused on evaluating the incidence, risk factors, and acute- and long-term health effects of military-relevant EIDs, especially those caused by high-consequence pathogens or are responsible for outbreaks among US military populations. The EIDAR efforts also address Force Health Protection concerns associated with antimicrobial resistance and antimicrobial stewardship practices within the MHS. Methods The EIDAR studies utilize the approach of: (1) Preparing for emergent conditions to systematically collect clinical specimens and data and conduct clinical trials to assist the military with a scientifically appropriate response; and (2) Evaluating burden of emergent military-relevant infectious diseases and assessing risks for exposure and development of post-infectious complications and overall impact on military readiness. Results In response to the Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa, the IDCRP partnered with the National Institutes of Health in developing a multicenter, randomized safety and efficacy study of investigational therapeutics in Ebola patients. Subsequently, the EIDAR team developed a protocol to serve as a contingency plan (EpICC-EID) to allow clinical research activities to occur during future outbreaks of viral hemorrhagic fever and severe acute respiratory infections among MHS patients. The EIDAR portfolio recently expanded to include studies to understand exposure risks and impact on military readiness for a diversity of EIDs, such as seroincidence of non-Lyme disease borreliosis and Coccidioides fungal infections among high-risk military populations. The team also launched a new prospective study in response to the recent Zika epidemic to conduct surveillance for Zika and other related viruses among MHS beneficiaries in Puerto Rico. Another new study will prospectively follow U.S. Marines via an online health assessment survey to assess long-term health effects following the largest DoD Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli outbreak at the U.S. Marine Corps Recruit Depot-San Diego. In cooperation with the Trauma-Related Infections Research Area, the EIDAR Research Area is also involved with the Multidrug-Resistant and Virulent Organisms Trauma Infections Initiative, which is a collaborative effort across DoD laboratories to characterize bacterial and fungal isolates infecting combat-related extremity wounds and link lab findings to clinical outcomes. Furthermore, the EIDAR team has developed an Antimicrobial Resistance and Stewardship Collaborative Clinical Research Consortium, comprised of Infectious Disease and Pharmacy specialists. Conclusions The EIDAR Research Area is responsive to military-relevant infectious disease threats that are also frequently global public health concerns. Several new EIDAR efforts are underway that will provide Combatant Command Surgeons, Infectious Diseases Service Chiefs, and other Force Health Protection stakeholders with epidemiological information to mitigate the impact of EIDs and antimicrobial resistance on the health of U.S. military service members and their dependents.

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Hu, Song-nian, Xiao Cheng, and Dan Chen. "Comparative Study on Early Warning Methods of Infectious Diseases." E3S Web of Conferences 251 (2021): 03084. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202125103084.

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Major epidemics of infectious diseases will not only endanger people’s lives and property, but also cause panic and social unrest. Therefore, it is particularly important to establish an infectious disease early warning system and take effective measures in time to prevent infectious disease outbreaks. The article summarizes the relevant definitions of infectious disease early warning system, domestic and foreign development status, infectious disease early warning models and methods, and aims to provide references for the establishment of infectious disease early warning systems.

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Bae, Suyeon, and Abimbola O. Asojo. "Nurses' Perception of Safety on Hospital Interior Environments and Infectious Diseases: An Exploratory Study." Global Journal on Quality and Safety in Healthcare 3, no. 3 (April 28, 2020): 89–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.36401/jqsh-19-33.

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ABSTRACT Introduction Healthcare environments consist of a variety of different fomites containing infectious agents. From the 2003 outbreaks of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome to the recent concerns about the Ebola and Zika viruses, interest in the role of healthcare environment fomites in spreading infectious diseases has increased. Because of a high risk of being exposed to infections, the goal of this study was to learn how hospital interior environments impact nurses' perceptions of safety about infectious diseases. Methods Semistructured, in-depth interviews were conducted with six nurses at a public hospital. Results The following three themes were identified: (1) perceptions of safety from infectious diseases were diverse among the participants; (2) various interior environments in hospital settings can prevent as well as promote the spreading of infectious diseases; and (3) the different perceptions influenced the ways participants developed their contrasting behaviors of treating interior environments to cope with their fears (e.g., how they open doors). Conclusion The findings from this study contribute to the existing body of knowledge on designing hospital interior environments to better understand nurses' perception of infectious diseases.

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HUGHES, G. J., and R. GORTON. "Inequalities in the incidence of infectious disease in the North East of England: a population-based study." Epidemiology and Infection 143, no. 1 (March 18, 2014): 189–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268814000533.

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SUMMARYThe objective of this study was to measure the association between deprivation and incidence of 21 infectious diseases in the North East of England (2007–2011). We used count regression models with the Index of Multiple Deprivation and population/landscape data for small areas (~1500 persons). Deprivation significantly predicted incidence (P < 0·05) for 17 infectious diseases. The direction of association was broadly consistent within groups: increased incidence with increased deprivation for all three bloodborne viruses, 2/3 invasive bacterial diseases, 4/5 sexually transmitted infections (STI) and tuberculosis (TB); decreased incidence with increased deprivation for 5/6 infectious intestinal diseases (IID) and 2/3 vaccine-preventable diseases. Associations were removed for all but one IID (E. coliO157 infection) after accounting for recent foreign travel. Hepatitis C virus, TB and STI are priority infections for reduction of inequalities associated with deprivation in the North East of England.

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Abd Ali Issa, Hussein, and Halala Muhamad Taki Muhamad Amin. "Confront of Infectious Diseases in International and National law (Covid-19 as a Case study)." Journal of Legal and Political Studies 8, no. 2 (December 1, 2020): 8–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.17656/jlps.10180.

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Deac, Liana. "Study of infectious diarrheas, in Transylvania-Romania." International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews 6, no. 5 (April 6, 2021): 01–04. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2690-4861/113.

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“Diarrhea” is an alteration in a normal bowel movement characterized by an increase in the water content, volume, or frequency of stools. Acute diarrhea of infectious etiology, often referred to as gastroenteritis and is typically associated with clinical signs and symptoms including: nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and cramps, bloating, flatulence, fever, passage of bloody stools, tenesmus, and fecal urgency. Infectious diarrheal diseases are the second leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. It is the diarrhea we have also found out, during a large 3 yeas study 2017-2020 in Transylvania – Romania. 3577 number of cases were transmitted during this time by the 12 territory sanitary polices, to the Epidemiology Department from the Public Health Center Cluj. These were mostly diagnosed by the territorial family doctors in the region and more then 20%, have need hospitalization, for several days, because of the mentioned disease disorders 3 children died during this time, because of severe complications. The detected infectious microbial etiology, were determined in authorized laboratories, in which it was identified: Shigella spp, Salmonella spp Campylobacter spp, and Yersinia spp or Rotavirus Giardia, and Fungi species. Most number of cases appeared in children, followed by elderly or adult people, as quantified number of determination. In light of these data, acute diarrheal illness had to be considered a major public health issue against which control efforts are needed. Public health surveillance and response in the field of infectious acute diarrhea include obligatory strategies of infection control.

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Brisola Marcondes, Carlos, and Giovanni Benelli. "Mosquitoes, Infectious Diseases, and Cancer: A Connection to Study?" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 23 (December 3, 2019): 4859. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16234859.

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Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) are vectors of pathogens and parasites of great medical and veterinary relevance. The possible association between mosquitoes, infectious diseases, and cancer has been investigated. Despite its potential importance, there is a severe lack of research data on the topic. Herein, current knowledge, tenuous links, and related challenges on the topic were examined, grouping information under four major hypotheses. The first hypothesis is that the infection of mosquito-vectored parasites, with special reference to Plasmodium spp., may lead to cancer. The International Agency for Research on Cancer stated that being infected by Plasmodium falciparum malaria in holoendemic areas is probably carcinogenic to humans (group 2A), considering that P. falciparum infection is able to reactivate the Epstein–Barr virus, leading to endemic Burkitt lymphoma. Also, malaria was recently associated with a cancer incidence increase in the United States. The second hypothesis is that cancer may be spread directly through mosquito bites: Aedes mosquitoes transfer viable tumor cells among vertebrate hosts, even if no plausible mechanisms for these cells to develop cancer into the new host are known. As the third hypothesis, mosquito bites may lead to hypersensitivity, resulting in cancer. Hypersensitivity stimulated by mosquito bites links allergy, oncogenesis, and the Epstein–Barr virus, causing Burkitt lymphoma. One may argue that pathogens transmitted by mosquitoes, such as viruses, may be carcinogenic. However, no detailed research evidences are available to substantiate this last hypothesis. However, despite the intriguing hypotheses outlined above, there is a severe lack of data showing cancer development in organisms exposed to mosquitoes transmitting parasites or pathogens. According to One Health criteria, this benchmark is aimed to outline major questions on this public health issue, stressing the need of multidisciplinary research and discussion.

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Iwata, Kentaro, and Asako Doi. "A qualitative study of infectious diseases fellowships in Japan." International Journal of Medical Education 7 (February 21, 2016): 62–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5116/ijme.56b5.010c.

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Shallcross, Laura J., Alexander Mentzer, Saadia Rahman, Graham S. Cooke, Shiranee Sriskandan, and Mahdad Noursadeghi. "Cohort study protocol: Bioresource in Adult Infectious Diseases (BioAID)." Wellcome Open Research 3 (August 8, 2018): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.14690.1.

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Introduction: Infectious diseases have a major impact on morbidity and mortality in hospital. Microbial diagnosis remains elusive for most cases of suspected infection which impacts on the use of antibiotics. Rapid advances in genomic technologies combined with high-quality phenotypic data have great potential to improve the diagnosis, management and clinical outcomes of infectious diseases. The aim of the Bioresource in Adult Infectious Diseases (BioAID) is to provide a platform for biomarker discovery, trials and clinical service developments in the field of infectious diseases, by establishing a registry linking clinical phenotype to microbial and biological samples in adult patients who attend hospital with suspected infection. Methods and analysis: BioAID is a cohort study which employs deferred consent to obtain an additional 2.5mL RNA blood sample from patients who attend the Emergency Department (ED) with suspected infection when they undergo peripheral blood culture sampling. Clinical data and additional biological samples including DNA, serum and microbial isolates are obtained from BioAID participants during hospital admission. Participants are also asked to consent to be recalled for future studies. BioAID aims to recruit 10,000 patients from 5-8 sites across England. Since February 2014 >4000 individuals have been recruited to the study. The final cohort will be characterised using descriptive statistics including information on the number of cases that can be linked to biological and microbial samples to support future research studies. Ethical approval and section 251 exemption have been obtained for BioAID researchers to seek deferred consent from patients from whom a RNA specimen has been collected. Samples and meta-data obtained through BioAID will be made available to researchers worldwide following submission of an application form and research protocol. Conclusions: BioAID will support a range of study designs spanning discovery science, biomarker validation, disease pathogenesis and epidemiological analyses of clinical infection syndromes.

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Leung, Chi Chiu, and Wing Wai Yew. "Study on Twins: A Good Tool for Infectious Diseases?" American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 177, no. 7 (April 2008): 799–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm.177.7.799a.

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Sommerfeld, Johannes. "Social Science and the Study of Emerging Infectious Diseases." Emerging Infectious Diseases 2, no. 1 (March 1996): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid0201.960113.

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Piselli, Pierluca, Mariya Samuilova, Kayvan Bozorgmehr, Giuseppe Ippolito, Roumyana Petrova-Benedict, Alexander Kentikelenis, and Enrico Girardi. "Infectious-disease Screening and Vaccination for Refugees and Asylum Seekers Entering Europe in 2015–16: A Scoping Study of Six European Union Countries." Journal of Refugee Studies 32, Special_Issue_1 (December 1, 2019): i92—i104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jrs/fez042.

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Abstract In 2015, more than 1 million asylum seekers and refugees arrived in Europe. Information on how European countries addressed the prevention and control of infectious diseases among these populations during and after this period is limited. This study is based on 27 semi-structured interviews conducted with first-line staff and health officials in May–June 2016 in first-entry countries (Greece/Italy), transit countries (Croatia/Slovenia) and destination countries (Austria/Sweden). Characteristics of health-service provision for infectious diseases at each stage of reception, with a focus on tuberculosis, viral hepatitis, intestinal parasites and human immunodeficiency virus infections, were investigated. No major differences in the provision of services in accordance with migration status (asylum seekers vs refugees) were reported. At arrival, interventions were focused on addressing emerging health needs and no major barriers to accessing acute hospital care for infectious diseases were reported. There were shortcomings in interventions to tackle medium- to long-term needs with respect to infectious diseases, including screening for chronic treatable infections and adult vaccination. European evidence-based guidance highlighting the most relevant interventions for infectious diseases during the reception process is needed.

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De Sousa, Cicero V. L., Flavia de S. Gehrke, Beatriz da C. A. Alves, Glaucia R. L. Veiga, Ligia A. Azzalis, Fernando Adami, and Fernando L. A. Fonseca. "Vulnerability to infectious and contagious diseases in daycare center teachers: an observational study." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 7, no. 2 (January 28, 2020): 431. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20200410.

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Background: The risks caused by infectious and contagious diseases in the school environment are of importance to the conduct of early childhood education in the contemporary world. In this work authors aimed to analyze vulnerability to infectious and contagious diseases in daycare center teachers who work in public institutions in the Municipality of Fortaleza-CE, Brazil.Methods: This was aquanti-qualitative study approach of the descriptive, cross-sectional type, of an exploratory nature. This study was carried out with 30 daycare center teachers from the Municipality of Fortaleza from October to November 2016. Results: The main infectious and contagious diseases that affect children in the daycare center were high rates of two or three comorbidities per child. Regarding the workplace risk to the teachers’ health, 58.6% of the teachers consider that the working in the daycare center does not bring greater risks of illness and 41.4% believe it does.Conclusions: Stress due to the presence of students with viral infections who need to remain in the daycare center, lack of hygiene, rest and inadequate nutrition contribute to the vulnerability to illnesses in the teachers.

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Mamoudou Savadogo, Ismaël Diallo, and K Apoline Sondo. "Infectious morbidity and mortality in the infectious diseases department of the CHU Yalgado Ouédraogo in Burkina Faso in 2019." GSC Advanced Research and Reviews 7, no. 1 (April 30, 2021): 097–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gscarr.2021.7.1.0083.

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Introduction: Infectious diseases remain a major public health problem in developing countries. The objective of this study was to determine the epidemiological and clinical profile of infectious pathology in the infectious diseases department of CHU Yalgado Ouédraogo in Ouagadougou. Patients and method: This was a cross-sectional and retrospective study that took place in the infectious diseases department of the Yalgado Ouédraogo University Hospital from January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2019. Were included all patients hospitalized in the said service during the study period. For each patient retained sociodemographic, clinical and diagnostic data were collected. Results: In one year, 159 patients had been hospitalized in the infectious diseases department of the YO UHC. The mean age of the patients was 42±9 years with extremes of 15 and 80 years. The female sex was the most represented (55.5%) with a sex ratio of 0.8. The majority of patients (64%) came from the province of Kadiogo. The most frequently diagnosed infectious diseases were HIV infection (24%), pulmonary infections (21.8%), malaria (14%), dengue fever (9%), urinary tract infections (7.5%), meningitis (3.8%), typhoid fever (3%), rabies (3%), chicken pox (3%), tetanus (3.8%), toxoplasmosis (3.8%), and cutaneous leishmaniosis (3%). The signs of severity presented by our patients were dominated by dyspnea, severe anemia, and severe dehydration. The delay of consultation was 13.5 days and the average duration of hospitalization was 9.8 days, with a hospital mortality of 24%. Conclusion: HIV infection, malaria and pulmonary infections were the most frequent reasons for hospitalization. It is therefore important to strengthen the technical facilities of hospitals for early diagnosis and appropriate management of infectious pathology

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Suh, Kyung-Do, Jung il Choi, and Pan-Am Choi. "미래감염병 위험성에 대한 보건의료정책에 관한 연구 : 감염병 감시체계를 중심으로." Journal of Industrial Convergence 18, no. 3 (June 30, 2020): 109–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.22678/jic.2020.18.3.109.

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López-Quílez, Antonio. "Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Infectious Diseases." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 4 (February 25, 2019): 669. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16040669.

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DM, Jarso. "Incidence of Village Chicken Diseases in Eastern Shewa Zone, Ethiopia: The Case of Newcastle and Infectious Bursal Disease." Open Access Journal of Veterinary Science & Research 1, no. 4 (2016): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/oajvsr-16000121.

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A longitudinal study was carried out from September 2014 to May 2015 on village chicken of Lume district for the aim of determining incidence rate of mortality of Newcastle disease (NCD) and infectious bursal disease ( IBD) and the associated risk factors. In addition in a retrospective survey past occurrence of these diseas e was assessed. Simple random sampling method was used to select the peasant associations (PAs) and the households. Owners and veterinary field workers perception on chicken diseases was collect ed from 120 respondents through structured questionnaire. The majority (75%) of the respondents put diseases as major causes of village chicken mortality, out of which 78.3% of the respondents indicated NCD locally known as “Fangle” as the leading disease that cause mortality of chicken in the village.Of the 1358 reg istered chicken, 202 (14.9%) survived the entire follow - up period. A total of 843 chickens found dead of NCD outbreak during the follow - up period. The general mortality rate was 62.1% whereas the incidence rate was113.2 cases per 1000 chicken month.Over th e duration of the study, serum samples of 521 chickens were collected to confirm the cause of the outbreak, 242 from sick and 279 from apparently health chicken. Serology using HAI and I - ELISA test were conducted to determine the seroprevalence of NCD and IBD, respectively. In total 28.6% (149/521) and 20.7% (108/521) were positive for NCD and IBD, respectively. Among the 242 sera collected from clinically diseased chicken 61.6% (149/242) and 38.4% (93/242) were positive for NCD and IBD, respectively. Statis tically significant ( p<0.05 ) difference in prevalence of NCD was found between highland and lowland; chicken flock size and sampling months. Statistically significant ( p<0.05 ) difference in seroprevalence of IBD was found between different age groups; hous ehold flock size and sampling months. This study has shown that NCD and IBD are one of the major infectious diseases threatening the survival and productivity of traditionally managed local chickens in East Showa zone. Thu s, routine vaccination program is recommended.

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Akther, Mahfuza, Md Nazrul Islam, Md Haydar Ali, SM Harun ur Rashid, and Md Anowarul Haque. "Pathoprevalence of infectious diseases of goat emphasizing on endoparasitic lesions at Dinajpur Sadar." Asian Journal of Medical and Biological Research 3, no. 2 (August 29, 2017): 254–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ajmbr.v3i2.33578.

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This study was conducted to investigate the pathoprevalence of different infectious diseases of goat at Sadar upazilla of Dinajpur district in Bangladesh. Infectious cases were recorded with respect to breed, sex, age and season from Upazilla Veterinary Hospital and District Veterinary Hospital, Sadar, Dinajpur during July, 2014 to June, 2015 and diagnosis was made on the basis of clinical history, clinical examinations and common laboratory techniques with histopathological examination. A total of 2139 infectious diseases were founded and categorized by the causal agents where the highest prevalence was observed in mixed infectious diseases (46.06%) followed by viral diseases (28.93%), internal parasitic diseases (9.77%), external parasitic diseases (8.42%), bacterial diseases (3.00%), protozoal diseases (2.01%) and lowest was in fungal diseases (1.83%). The prevalence of infectious disease was significantly higher at Jamunapari (55.12%) than Black Bengal (44.88%). Female goats were more susceptible (54.32%) than male (45.68%). The prevalence was varied according to age and highest was in G-1 (45.48%) followed by G-2 (36.48%) and G-3 (17.68%). Summer season (33.60%) was common for infections followed by winter (33.51%) and rainy (32.89%). Most of the internal lesions were produced by the endoparasitic infections which were examined microscopically. These results indicate that, the prevalence of various infectious diseases in the goats was higher at Sadar, Dinajpur thus, there is a need for an appropriate control measures in order to prevent and minimize the loss caused by such diseases and this study may help to develop strategies against the infectious diseases of goat.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. June 2017, 3(2): 254-266

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Stagnaro, E., S. Parodi, A. Seniori Costantini, P. Crosignani, L. Miligi, O. Nanni, S. Piro, et al. "Childhood infectious diseases and risk of multiple myeloma: an analysis of the Italian multicentre case-control study." Epidemiology and Infection 146, no. 12 (May 30, 2018): 1572–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268818001413.

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AbstractCommon childhood infectious diseases have been associated with a reduced risk of following haematopoietic malignancies, but investigations on multiple myeloma (MM) are scarce. Information about 213 MM cases and 1128 healthy controls were obtained from a multicentre population-based Italian case-control study. The association between chickenpox, measles, mumps, pertussis and rubella and the MM risk was estimated by unconditional logistic regression, adjusting for age, gender and residence area. No association was found between MM risk and any considered infectious disease. The number of infections was slightly inversely associated with the risk of MM, but statistical significance was not reached (OR 0.87, 95% CI 0.55–1.4 for 1-2 diseases vs. none and OR 0.68, 95% CI 0.41–1.1 for 3-5 diseases, respectively, P = 0.131). We did not find a clear evidence that common infections during childhood are associated with the subsequent risk of developing MM.

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Mondal, Abhisek, and Prasanna Jit Das. "Clinico-pathological study of orbital inflammatory diseases of infectious origin." Indian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology 5, no. 1 (April 15, 2019): 48–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/2395-1451.2019.0012.

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Citorik, Robert J., Mark Mimee, and Timothy K. Lu. "Bacteriophage-based synthetic biology for the study of infectious diseases." Current Opinion in Microbiology 19 (June 2014): 59–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mib.2014.05.022.

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McCarthy, N., and J. Giesecke. "Case-case comparisons to study causation of common infectious diseases." International Journal of Epidemiology 28, no. 4 (August 1, 1999): 764–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ije/28.4.764.

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van Lier, E. A., A. H. Havelaar, and A. Nanda. "The burden of infectious diseases in Europe: a pilot study." Eurosurveillance 12, no. 12 (December 1, 2007): 3–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.2807/esm.12.12.00751-en.

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The main objectives of this pilot study were to test the potential use of the disease burden concept in the field of infectious diseases, including data quality and availability; to recommend future studies; and to stimulate a debate. The disease burden of seven infectious diseases (influenza, measles, HIV, campylobacteriosis, infection with enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli, salmonellosis and tuberculosis) in Europe was estimated by calculating Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs), a composite measure that attempts to combine mortality, incidence and sequelae, taking duration and severity into account. The results show that the relative burden of diseases as measured by DALYs differs from that only measured by incidence or mortality. Several limitations regarding data availability and quality have been identified, resulting in an underestimation of the true burden of disease in this pilot. Notwithstanding these, HIV-infection, tuberculosis (TB) and influenza are estimated to cause the highest burden in Europe among the selected diseases. The burden of foodborne diseases (campylobacteriosis, infection with enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli and salmonellosis) and in particular of measles is lower. A consideration of the relative comparison of burden between diseases can be useful when tackling the difficult, sensitive but necessary task of identifying priority actions. A low burden stresses the need for continued support for prevention and control whereas a high burden indicates the need for additional interventions. Following this pilot project, a generalised burden of disease study for infectious diseases in Europe is recommended. Such a study would benefit from an approach that identifies and combines several methods of investigation, including epidemiological modelling, and it should be done in collaboration with other international efforts in this field.

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孙, 伟琼. "Metaphorical Study of Infectious Diseases from the Perspective of Moralization." Advances in Psychology 10, no. 09 (2020): 1375–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/ap.2020.109161.

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Hutchens, Martha, and Gary D. Luker. "Applications of bioluminescence imaging to the study of infectious diseases." Cellular Microbiology 9, no. 10 (October 2007): 2315–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1462-5822.2007.00995.x.

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Pucu, Elisa, Paula Cascardo, Marcia Chame, Gisele Felice, Niéde Guidon, Maria Cleonice Vergne, Guadalupe Campos, José Roberto Machado-Silva, and Daniela Leles. "Study of infectious diseases in archaeological bone material – A dataset." Data in Brief 13 (August 2017): 692–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2017.06.054.

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Roosan, Don, Charlene Weir, Matthew Samore, Makoto Jones, Mumtahena Rahman, Gregory J. Stoddard, and Guilherme Del Fiol. "Identifying complexity in infectious diseases inpatient settings: An observation study." Journal of Biomedical Informatics 71 (July 2017): S13—S21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbi.2016.10.018.

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Tauhid, Syed Ahsan, Syeda Subrina Siddika, and Sk Serjina Anwer. "Study of Tetanus in the Infectious Diseases Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh." Journal of Bangladesh College of Physicians and Surgeons 39, no. 3 (June 19, 2021): 160–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbcps.v39i3.54161.

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Background: Tetanus is a vaccine preventable serious disease that can affect people of all age group with a high mortality. Although tetanus incidence is significantly reduced due to nationwide vaccination coverage, it is not uncommon in our country. Aims & Objectives: To determine of the socio-demographic profile, nature of injury, incubation period and outcome of the tetanus patients who were admitted in the Infectious Diseases Hospital, Dhaka during the study period. Materials and Methods: This cross sectional observational study was done in the Infectious diseases hospital, Dhaka during the period of February 2017 to January 2018. The data, were collected, compiled and analyzed. Results: Out of 149 patients, neonates were 13(8.7%) in number. Most of the cases were in middle aged group. Malefemale ratio about 4.5:1. Majority of the patients (134, 89.9%) had no history of immunization but one patient was immunized within five years. Mean incubation period tetanus was 8.45 days with ±5.56 SD. Death occurs in 41(27.5%) patients and all of them had no history of immunization. Death rate of patients having early incubation period was significantly higher (p=0.003). Death rate in neonatal tetanus (53.84%) also significantly higher than that of non-neonatal tetanus (25%) (p= 0.026). Conclusion: Tetanus is not uncommon in Bangladesh, especially in neonates and adult male and mortality rate is high. Short incubation period predicts were outcome. J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2021; 39(3): 160-166

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Lai, Fritz, and Qingfeng Chen. "Humanized Mouse Models for the Study of Infection and Pathogenesis of Human Viruses." Viruses 10, no. 11 (November 17, 2018): 643. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v10110643.

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The evolution of infectious pathogens in humans proved to be a global health problem. Technological advancements over the last 50 years have allowed better means of identifying novel therapeutics to either prevent or combat these infectious diseases. The development of humanized mouse models offers a preclinical in vivo platform for further characterization of human viral infections and human immune responses triggered by these virus particles. Multiple strains of immunocompromised mice reconstituted with a human immune system and/or human hepatocytes are susceptible to infectious pathogens as evidenced by establishment of full viral life cycles in hope of investigating viral–host interactions observed in patients and discovering potential immunotherapies. This review highlights recent progress in utilizing humanized mice to decipher human specific immune responses against viral tropism.

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Nelson, Roxanne. "Study supports single treatment for neglected diseases." Lancet Infectious Diseases 7, no. 12 (December 2007): 770. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1473-3099(07)70280-3.

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Priyanka Shelotkar and Swapnil Borage. "Concept of infectious diseases in Ayurveda." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, no. 3 (August 8, 2020): 4756–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11i3.2766.

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COVID-19, a disease caused by SARS-Cov-2 virus, has become pandemic and is spreading widely across the world, and resulted in deaths of millions in just few months. Statistically, it is noted that worldwide deaths has occurred due to outbreak of infectious diseases. There is list of epidemics caused by infectious diseases like Ebola, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), swine flu, bird flu, etc. But, spread of COVID-19 is much more remarkable in very short period of time. Modern system of medicine, do not have any definitive management. Now, we need to think about other systems of medicine to break this chain. So in Ayurvedic perspective, the COVID-19 can be considered as Aupasargika/ AgantujaVyadhi (Infectious disease). Present study aims to understand the principles of Ayurveda, in view of concept, epidemiology, etiopathology, prognosis, prevention and management of infectious diseases. It comprises of probable approaches of infectious diseases through Ayurveda. References established on data pertaining to available in Ayurveda classics, modern texts, peer review journals regarding the same. The speedily spread of COVID-19 is due to indulgence in the etiological factors, by people of this era. The onset period of this pandemic wasVasantaRutu(spring), hence KaphaPrakopa(vitiation of Kapha) is there. And the further pathogenesis is like ShwasanakaSannipatikaJwara(fever due to vitiation of all humors). So, Panchakarma (Internal purification), Rasayana Chikitsa (Rejuvenating treatment) and Sadvritta (Good regime) can be included in the management of such diseases. From this study it can be concluded that disease is produced due to an imbalance between physical and mental elements, as it reduces resistance of body against disease. If we cure or prevent this imbalance and the strengthen host's defense system by Ayurvedic drugs, lifestyle modifications, and diet modifications, the body will be immune to diseases.

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Kapoor, Yachika, Ruchika Sharma, and Anoop Kumar. "Repurposing of Existing Drugs for the Bacterial Infections: An In silico and In vitro Study." Infectious Disorders - Drug Targets 20, no. 2 (May 13, 2020): 182–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1871526519666181126094244.

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Background: The emergence of infectious diseases and its resistance to approved drugs is a global threat to human health. The incidence of infectious diseases is increasing day by day and expected to rise exponentially in next 2 decades. Thus, there is a need for new treatment modalities for the treatment of microbial infections. Methods: Thus, in the current investigation, we have explored the existing drugs [metformin (Anti-diabetic), propranolol (Anti-hypertensive) and amitriptyline (antidepressant)] for treatment of infectious diseases. Results: An in-silico result of current investigation has shown the good interaction of metformin, propranolol, and amitriptyline towards various targets (Beta-lactamase, Penicillin-binding proteins, Staphylokinase protein, Oxidoreductase protein, etc.) of gram positive and gram negative bacteria as that of internal ligand. Further, in-vitro results have shown that the antibacterial activity of metformin, propranolol, and amitriptyline against Bacillus pumilus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. Conclusion: The parameters such as Microtiter assay: percentage growth retardation and bacterial growth kinetics, Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), Post-antibiotic assay and Biofilm formation have indicated the antibacterial potential of metformin, propranolol, and amitriptyline. However, before starting a clinical trial, complete safety and efficacy profile of drugs in the treatment of infectious diseases should be investigated.

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Udriste, C., I. Tevy, and A. S. Rasheed. "Flow, Wind, and Stochastic Connectivity Modeling Infectious Diseases." Complexity 2021 (June 24, 2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6395410.

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We study in this paper the trends of the evolution of different infections using a SIR flow (first-order ODE system), completed by a differential inclusion, a geodesic motion in a gyroscopic field of forces, and a stochastic SIR perturbation of the flow (Itô ODE system). We are interested in mathematical analysis, bringing new results on studied evolutionary models: infection flow together with a differential inclusion, bounds of evolution, dual description of disease evolution, log-optimal and rapid path, epidemic wind (geometric dynamics), stochastic equations of evolution, and stochastic connectivity. We hope that the paper will be a guideline for strategizing optimal sociopolitical countermeasures to mitigate infectious diseases.

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Curley, Tara E., Emily Ansusinha, and Rana F. Hamdy. "1514. Factors Associated with an Infectious Diseases Consultation for Pediatric Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 6, Supplement_2 (October 2019): S550—S551. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofz360.1378.

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Abstract Background Staphylococcal aureus bacteremia is associated with substantial morbidity in children. An infectious diseases consultation is associated with decreased mortality in adults with S. aureus bacteremia, but this has not yet been shown in a pediatric population. Methods This was a retrospective cohort study of children <18 years old hospitalized at Children’s National Medical Center with S. aureus bacteremia between January 1, 2012 and December 31, 2016. We excluded children with polymicrobial infections, those with a concurrent culture-proven infection, and those transferred with incomplete records. Structured manual chart review was used to collect demographic information, underlying comorbidities, type of admission (ICU or non-ICU), epidemiologic classification (hospital- or community-onset), primary source of infection, and methicillin resistance (MRSA or MSSA). A multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with having an infectious diseases consultation. Results We identified 171 episodes of S. aureus bacteremia; 27.5% occurred in infants <12 months old, 65.5% occurred in males, 38% occurred in ICU patients, and 18.1% were methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). The most common primary sources of infection were musculoskeletal (38%), catheter-related (18.1%), and skin/soft-tissue infections (17%). The majority (70.2%) received an infectious diseases consultation. In univariable analysis, ID consultation was more frequent among infections with the following characteristics: non-neonates (74.2% vs. 45.8%; P = 0.007), community-acquired (78.7% vs. 45.5%; P < 0.01), no underlying comorbidities (97.0% vs. 53.3%; P < 0.001), musculoskeletal (98.5%) or endovascular (100%) source of infection, and MRSA (100%). In a multivariable logistic regression analysis, musculoskeletal infections, endovascular infections, and MRSA had significantly higher odds of receiving an infectious diseases consultation. Conclusion Children with S. aureus bacteremia were more likely to receive an infectious diseases consultation if presenting with musculoskeletal infections, endovascular infections, or MRSA. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

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Joshi, Rajnish, Rahul Lodhe, AP Jain, and Sachin Agrawal. "Hospital based infectious disease related proportional mortality study." Journal of Global Infectious Diseases 6, no. 1 (2014): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0974-777x.127942.

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Senapathi, Pradeep, Hemant Kumar, Shama Kamath, Nischitha S., Mahesh V., and Pradyumna Bhandary. "A study on the pattern of skin diseases among migrant labourers visiting a teaching hospital." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 5, no. 8 (July 23, 2018): 3600. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20183106.

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Background: Skin diseases are quite common among migrant workers, yet little research has been done to determine their prevalence and risk factors. Poor living conditions, over-crowding, low standards of personal hygiene and environmental sanitation make them even more vulnerable. The objective of the study was to assess the prevalence and pattern of skin infections among migrant labourers and their relationship with selected socio-demographic factors.Methods: A hospital based cross sectional study was carried out among 300 temporary migrants visiting dermatology OPD of A.J. Institute of Medical Sciences teaching hospital. The duration of study was two months. All patients were diagnosed clinically by qualified dermatologists and supported by relevant investigations.Results: Most of the migrants were males (62%) while remaining (38%) were females. Majority of the migrants (42.3%) belonged to 20-40 years age group. Infectious skin diseases were found among 64.3% of the study subjects while 34.7% of them had non-infectious skin diseases. The lesions were mainly over head and neck (23.3%) followed by abdomen (23%), upper limbs (21.3%) and lower limbs (21.3%).Conclusions: The study revealed a high prevalence of infectious skin diseases among the migrant workers.

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Kraeva, L. A., A. L. Panin, A. E. Goncharov, D. Yu Vlasov, N. E. Goncharov, and V. B. Sboychakov. "Risk factors for the spread of infectious diseases in the Arctics." Infekcionnye bolezni 19, no. 2 (2021): 113–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.20953/1729-9225-2021-2-113-118.

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In the conditions of further development of the Arctic it is especially important to preserve the health of the population permanently or temporarily located in this territory. In recent years significant changes have taken place in the biosphere of the Arctic region under the influence of natural and anthropogenic factors. The population morbidity is accounted for by a number of diseases. However, the infectious component and the factors contributing to its growth remain poorly understood. Objective. To study various biocenoses in the Arctic region as potential risk areas for the spread of infectious diseases among the population. Materials and methods. The material for microbiological studies was selected in 2018–2019 in the archipelagos of Svalbard and Severnaya Zemlya. A total of 139 samples from various samples of natural, anthropogenic and ornithogenic biocenoses were studied. Research methods: classical bacteriological, MALDI-TOF mass spectrometric analysis, statistical data analysis. Results. During the study of Arctic samples were isolated and identified 309 viable bacterial strains and representatives of 117 species of micromycetes. Of all the isolated strains, the most important are Escherichia coli, Yersinia intermedia, representatives of the genera Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, Stenotrophomonas, Serratia, Enterobacter, Enterococcus, and Staphylococcus. Conclusion. The risk factors for the spread of infectious disease pathogens in the Arctic region were identified: an increase in the number and diversity of isolated microorganisms of medical significance in dynamics; identification of pathogens of infections associated with medical care and saprozoonoses among them. Key words: Arctic, Svalbard and Severnaya Zemlya archipelagos, infectious diseases, pathogens of medical care-related infections and saprozoonoses, polar microorganisms

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Subtil, Joao, Maria Paula Bajanka-Lavado, Joao Rodrigues, Aida Duarte, Lucia Reis, Isabel Nogueira, and Maria Luisa Jordao. "Cross-sectional study of adenoidal biofilms in a paediatric population and its clinical implications." Otolaryngologia Polska 72, no. 5 (October 1, 2018): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.5278.

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INTRODUCTION: Adenoids are nasopharyngeal lymphoid tissue with a relevant role in host defence against infection of upper respiratory tract. Nevertheless, adenoids are also a reservoir of microorganisms that can cause infections of upper respiratory tract and otitis particularly in children. OBJECTIVE: Evaluate and compare the association between biofilm assembly on adenoids and the incidence of recurrent infections in a paediatric population submitted to adenoidectomy by either infectious or non-infectious indication. METHODS: Scanning electron microscopy was used to assess biofilms on adenoid surface; biofilm assembly in vitro was monitored by crystal violet assay; antibiotic susceptibility was assessed following EUCAST guidelines; Hinfluenzae capsular typing was performed by PCR. RESULTS: Biofilms were present in 27.4% of adenoid samples and no statistical difference was found between infectious and non-infectious groups. In vitro, the most clinically relevant bacteria, H.influenzae, S.aureus, S.pyogenes, S.pneumoniae and M.catarrhalis, were mostly moderate biofilm assemblers (71.7%). 55.3% of these bacteria were intermediate/resistant to at least one of the tested antibiotics. No association was found between the ability to assemble biofilms in vitro and the presence of biofilms on adenoids nor antibiotic resistance. All H.influenzae were characterized as non-typeable. CONCLUSION: The presence of biofilms on adenoid surface was independent from clinical sample background. Bacterial ability to assemble biofilms in vitro cannot be used to predict biofilm assembly in vivo. The lack of correlation between biofilm formation and infectious respiratory diseases found contributes to question the relevance of biofilms on the pathogenesis of infectious diseases.

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Esanu, Irina, Mihaela Debita, Carmen Mihaela Dorobat, Alexandru Andrei Iliescu, Madalina Nicoleta Matei, Dragos Octavian Palade, and Kamel Earar. "Chemical and Biological Factors in Infectious Diseases The oral microbial flora." Revista de Chimie 70, no. 4 (May 15, 2019): 1420–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.19.4.7141.

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The wide concept of health does not benefit of a single definition, but of multiple definitions and this plurality is related to the knowledge assimilated and the socio-economic dynamics. This is due to the fact that health is an ongoing process, its notion changing with the passage of time. Thus, at international level, health is nowadays defined considering multiple criteria. In the last decade, the analysis of relevant statistical data presents an unfavourable evolution for the three major components of population dynamics: natality, mortality and external migration, accompanied by the deterioration of the entire demographic construction and tendencies of heading towards an imminent demographic drift. Humans protect themselves against the microbial aggression by using their inborn barriers and mechanisms that are completed and modulated by acquired barriers and mechanisms. For a microorganism to reach the internal environment and generate an infectious process, it must get through and overcome these barriers. In order to overcome these barriers, the infectious agent must first adhere to the surface of epithelial cells and then pass through the epithelium. Local defence mechanisms help limit the infection and present the antigen to the regional lymphatic ganglions, contributing at the initiation of the immune response. On the other hand, the infectious agent present in the lymphatic system causes lymphangitis and satellite adenitis, which stand as a filter in the infections� way. The study included 127 patients with bacterial infections that were studied from 2014 to 2018. Infection can be caused by certain species of germs whose main feature is pathogenicity. Specific infections are caused by a foreign infectious agent that has accidentally reached the oral cavity causing oral lesions (appear in the secondary phase of the general infection). Specific infections are individualized, caused by a single microbe (monomicrobial) while the non-specific ones are associated (polymicrobial).

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Journal articles on the topic 'Infectious diseases (Study)'

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