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Journal articles on the topic 'Inferior colliculus. Auditory pathways. Neurons'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 16 February 2022

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1

Müller-Ribeiro, Flávia C. F., Roger A. L. Dampney, Simon McMullan, Marco A. P. Fontes, and Ann K. Goodchild. "Disinhibition of the midbrain colliculi unmasks coordinated autonomic, respiratory, and somatomotor responses to auditory and visual stimuli." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 307, no. 8 (2014): R1025—R1035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00165.2014.

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The midbrain superior and inferior colliculi have critical roles in generating coordinated orienting or defensive behavioral responses to environmental stimuli, and it has been proposed that neurons within the colliculi can also generate appropriate cardiovascular and respiratory responses to support such behavioral responses. We have previously shown that activation of neurons within a circumscribed region in the deep layers of the superior colliculus and in the central and external nuclei of the inferior colliculus can evoke a response characterized by intense and highly synchronized bursts

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Pérez, María Lucía, and José Luis Peña. "Comparison of Midbrain and Thalamic Space-Specific Neurons in Barn Owls." Journal of Neurophysiology 95, no. 2 (2006): 783–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00833.2005.

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Spatial receptive fields of neurons in the auditory pathway of the barn owl result from the sensitivity to combinations of interaural time (ITD) and level differences across stimulus frequency. Both the forebrain and tectum of the owl contain such neurons. The neural pathways, which lead to the forebrain and tectal representations of auditory space, separate before the midbrain map of auditory space is synthesized. The first nuclei that belong exclusively to either the forebrain or the tectal pathways are the nucleus ovoidalis (Ov) and the external nucleus of the inferior colliculus (ICx), res

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Takahashi, T. T. "The neural coding of auditory space." Journal of Experimental Biology 146, no. 1 (1989): 307–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.146.1.307.

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The barn owl's auditory system computes interaural differences in time and amplitude and derives from them the horizontal and vertical coordinates of the sound source, respectively. Within the external nucleus of its inferior colliculus are auditory neurones, called ‘space-specific neurones’, that have spatial receptive fields. To activate a space-specific neurone, a sound must originate from a circumscribed region of space, or, if the sounds are delivered to each ear separately, using earphones, the stimuli must have the combination of interaural time and amplitude difference that simulates a

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4

Yao, Justin D., Peter Bremen, and John C. Middlebrooks. "Transformation of spatial sensitivity along the ascending auditory pathway." Journal of Neurophysiology 113, no. 9 (2015): 3098–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.01029.2014.

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Locations of sounds are computed in the central auditory pathway based primarily on differences in sound level and timing at the two ears. In rats, the results of that computation appear in the primary auditory cortex (A1) as exclusively contralateral hemifield spatial sensitivity, with strong responses to sounds contralateral to the recording site, sharp cutoffs across the midline, and weak, sound-level-tolerant responses to ipsilateral sounds. We surveyed the auditory pathway in anesthetized rats to identify the brain level(s) at which level-tolerant spatial sensitivity arises. Noise-burst s

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Voytenko, S. V., and A. V. Galazyuk. "Intracellular Recording Reveals Temporal Integration in Inferior Colliculus Neurons of Awake Bats." Journal of Neurophysiology 97, no. 2 (2007): 1368–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00976.2006.

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The central nucleus of the inferior colliculus (IC) is a major integrative center in the central auditory system. It receives information from both the ascending and descending auditory pathways. To determine how single IC neurons integrate information over a wide range of sound frequencies and sound levels, we examined their intracellular responses to frequency-modulated (FM) sounds in awake little brown bats ( Myotis lucifugus). Postsynaptic potentials were recorded in response to downward FM sweeps of the range typical for little brown bats (80–20 kHz) and to three FM subcomponents (80–60,

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Bulkin, David A., and Jennifer M. Groh. "Distribution of eye position information in the monkey inferior colliculus." Journal of Neurophysiology 107, no. 3 (2012): 785–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00662.2011.

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The inferior colliculus (IC) is thought to have two main subdivisions, a central region that forms an important stop on the ascending auditory pathway and a surrounding shell region that may play a more modulatory role. In this study, we investigated whether eye position affects activity in both the central and shell regions. Accordingly, we mapped the location of eye position-sensitive neurons in six monkeys making spontaneous eye movements by sampling multiunit activity at regularly spaced intervals throughout the IC. We used a functional map based on auditory response patterns to estimate t

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Moore, David R., Vibhakar C. Kotak, and Dan H. Sanes. "Commissural and Lemniscal Synaptic Input to the Gerbil Inferior Colliculus." Journal of Neurophysiology 80, no. 5 (1998): 2229–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1998.80.5.2229.

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Moore, David R., Vibhakar C. Kotak, and Dan H. Sanes. Commissural and lemniscal synaptic input to the gerbil inferior colliculus. J. Neurophysiol. 80: 2229–2236, 1998. The central nucleus of the inferior colliculus (ICC) receives direct inputs, bilaterally, from all auditory brain stem nuclear groups. To evaluate the contribution made to gerbil ICC neuron physiology by two major afferent pathways, we examined the synaptic responses evoked by direct stimulation of the commissure of the inferior colliculus (CIC) and the ipsilateral lateral lemniscus (LL). Frontal midbrain slices were obtained fr

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Leong, Alex T. L., Yong Gu, Ying-Shing Chan, et al. "Optogenetic fMRI interrogation of brain-wide central vestibular pathways." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 20 (2019): 10122–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1812453116.

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Blood oxygen level-dependent functional MRI (fMRI) constitutes a powerful neuroimaging technology to map brain-wide functions in response to specific sensory or cognitive tasks. However, fMRI mapping of the vestibular system, which is pivotal for our sense of balance, poses significant challenges. Physical constraints limit a subject’s ability to perform motion- and balance-related tasks inside the scanner, and current stimulation techniques within the scanner are nonspecific to delineate complex vestibular nucleus (VN) pathways. Using fMRI, we examined brain-wide neural activity patterns elic

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9

Albeck, Y., and M. Konishi. "Responses of neurons in the auditory pathway of the barn owl to partially correlated binaural signals." Journal of Neurophysiology 74, no. 4 (1995): 1689–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1995.74.4.1689.

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1. Extracellular single-unit recording in anesthetized barn owls was used to study neuronal response to dichotic stimuli of variable binaural correlation (BC). Recordings were made in the output fibers of nucleus laminaris (NL), the anterior division of the ventral lateral lemniscal nucleus (VLVa), the core of the central nucleus of the inferior colliculus (ICcC), the lateral shell of the central nucleus of the inferior colliculus (ICcLS), and the external nucleus of the inferior colliculus (ICx). 2. The response of all neurons sensitive to interaural time difference (ITD) varied with BC. The

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Gai, Yan. "ON and OFF inhibition as mechanisms for forward masking in the inferior colliculus: a modeling study." Journal of Neurophysiology 115, no. 5 (2016): 2485–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00892.2015.

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Masking effects of a preceding stimulus on the detection or perception of a signal have been found in several sensory systems in mammals, including humans and rodents. In the auditory system, it has been hypothesized that a central “OFF-inhibitory” mechanism, which is generated by neurons that respond after a sound is terminated, may contribute to the observed psychophysics. The present study constructed a systems model for the inferior colliculus that includes major ascending monaural and binaural auditory pathways. The fundamental characteristics of several neuron types along the pathways we

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Mei, Hui-Xian, Jia Tang, Zi-Ying Fu, Liang Cheng, and Qi-Cai Chen. "Plastic Change in the Auditory Minimum Threshold Induced by Intercollicular Effects in Mice." Neural Plasticity 2016 (2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/4195391.

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In the auditory pathway, the commissure of the inferior colliculus (IC) interconnects the two ICs on both sides of the dorsal midbrain. This interconnection could mediate an interaction between the two ICs during sound signal processing. The intercollicular effects evoked by focal electric stimulation for 30 min could inhibit or facilitate auditory responses and induce plastic changes in the response minimum threshold (MT) of IC neurons. Changes in MT are dependent on the best frequency (BF) and MT difference. The MT shift is larger in IC neurons with BF differences ≤2 kHz than in those with B

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12

Gold, Joshua I., and Eric I. Knudsen. "Adaptive Adjustment of Connectivity in the Inferior Colliculus Revealed by Focal Pharmacological Inactivation." Journal of Neurophysiology 85, no. 4 (2001): 1575–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.2001.85.4.1575.

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In the midbrain sound localization pathway of the barn owl, a map of auditory space is synthesized in the external nucleus of the inferior colliculus (ICX) and transmitted to the optic tectum. Early auditory experience shapes these maps of auditory space in part by modifying the tuning of the constituent neurons for interaural time difference (ITD), a primary cue for sound-source azimuth. Here we show that these adaptive modifications in ITD tuning correspond to changes in the pattern of connectivity within the inferior colliculus. We raised owls with an acoustic filtering device in one ear th

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13

Pérez, M. Lucía, Sharad J. Shanbhag, and José Luis Peña. "Auditory Spatial Tuning at the Crossroads of the Midbrain and Forebrain." Journal of Neurophysiology 102, no. 3 (2009): 1472–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00400.2009.

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The barn owl's midbrain and forebrain contain neurons tuned to sound direction. The spatial receptive fields of these neurons result from sensitivity to combinations of interaural time (ITD) and level (ILD) differences over a broad frequency range. While a map of auditory space has been described in the midbrain, no similar topographic representation has been found in the forebrain. The first nuclei that belong exclusively to the forebrain and midbrain pathways are the thalamic nucleus ovoidalis (Ov) and the external nucleus of the inferior colliculus (ICx), respectively. The midbrain projects

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Ramachandran, Ramnarayan, and Bradford J. May. "Functional Segregation of ITD Sensitivity in the Inferior Colliculus of Decerebrate Cats." Journal of Neurophysiology 88, no. 5 (2002): 2251–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00356.2002.

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Decerebration allows single-unit responses in the central nucleus of the inferior colliculus (ICC) to be studied in the absence of anesthesia and descending efferent influences. When this procedure is applied to cats, three neural response types (V, I, and O) can be identified by distinct patterns of excitation and inhibition in pure-tone frequency-response maps. Similarities of the definitive response map features with those of projection neurons in the auditory brain stem have led to the proposal that the ICC response types are derived from different sources of ascending input that remain fu

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Nakamoto, Kyle T., Simon J. Jones, and Alan R. Palmer. "Descending Projections From Auditory Cortex Modulate Sensitivity in the Midbrain to Cues for Spatial Position." Journal of Neurophysiology 99, no. 5 (2008): 2347–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.01326.2007.

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The function of the profuse descending innervation from the auditory cortex is largely unknown; however, recent studies have demonstrated that focal stimulation of auditory cortex effects frequency tuning curves, duration tuning, and other auditory parameters in the inferior colliculus. Here we demonstrate that, in an anesthetized guinea pig, nonfocal deactivation of the auditory cortex alters the sensitivity of populations of neurons in the inferior colliculus (IC) to one of the major cues for the localization of sound in space, interaural level differences (ILDs). Primary and secondary audit

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Razak, K. A., Z. M. Fuzessery, and T. D. Lohuis. "Single Cortical Neurons Serve Both Echolocation and Passive Sound Localization." Journal of Neurophysiology 81, no. 3 (1999): 1438–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1999.81.3.1438.

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Single cortical neurons serve both echolocation and passive sound localization. The pallid bat uses passive listening at low frequencies to detect and locate terrestrial prey and reserves its high-frequency echolocation for general orientation. While hunting, this bat must attend to both streams of information. These streams are processed through two parallel, functionally specialized pathways that are segregated at the level of the inferior colliculus. This report describes functionally bimodal neurons in auditory cortex that receive converging input from these two pathways. Each brain stem p

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Su, Yaqing, and Bertrand Delgutte. "Pitch of harmonic complex tones: rate and temporal coding of envelope repetition rate in inferior colliculus of unanesthetized rabbits." Journal of Neurophysiology 122, no. 6 (2019): 2468–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00512.2019.

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Harmonic complex tones (HCTs) found in speech, music, and animal vocalizations evoke strong pitch percepts at their fundamental frequencies. The strongest pitches are produced by HCTs that contain harmonics resolved by cochlear frequency analysis, but HCTs containing solely unresolved harmonics also evoke a weaker pitch at their envelope repetition rate (ERR). In the auditory periphery, neurons phase lock to the stimulus envelope, but this temporal representation of ERR degrades and gives way to rate codes along the ascending auditory pathway. To assess the role of the inferior colliculus (IC)

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18

Christianson, G. Björn, and José Luis Peña. "Preservation of Spectrotemporal Tuning Between the Nucleus Laminaris and the Inferior Colliculus of the Barn Owl." Journal of Neurophysiology 97, no. 5 (2007): 3544–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.01162.2006.

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Performing sound recognition is a task that requires an encoding of the time-varying spectral structure of the auditory stimulus. Similarly, computation of the interaural time difference (ITD) requires knowledge of the precise timing of the stimulus. Consistent with this, low-level nuclei of birds and mammals implicated in ITD processing encode the ongoing phase of a stimulus. However, the brain areas that follow the binaural convergence for the computation of ITD show a reduced capacity for phase locking. In addition, we have shown that in the barn owl there is a pooling of ITD-responsive neu

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Bartlett, Edward L., and Xiaoqin Wang. "Neural Representations of Temporally Modulated Signals in the Auditory Thalamus of Awake Primates." Journal of Neurophysiology 97, no. 2 (2007): 1005–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00593.2006.

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In sensory systems, the thalamus has historically been considered a relay station. Neural representations of temporal modulations in the auditory system undergo considerable changes as they pass from the inferior colliculus (IC) to the auditory cortex. We sought to determine in awake primates the extent to which auditory thalamic neurons contribute to these transformations. We tested the temporal processing capabilities of medial geniculate body (MGB) neurons in awake marmoset monkeys using repetitive click stimuli. MGB neurons were able to synchronize to periodic clicks at repetition rates si

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Morrison, James A., Faranak Farzan, Thane Fremouw, Riziq Sayegh, Ellen Covey, and Paul A. Faure. "Organization and trade-off of spectro-temporal tuning properties of duration-tuned neurons in the mammalian inferior colliculus." Journal of Neurophysiology 111, no. 10 (2014): 2047–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00850.2013.

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Neurons throughout the mammalian central auditory pathway respond selectively to stimulus frequency and amplitude, and some are also selective for stimulus duration. First found in the auditory midbrain or inferior colliculus (IC), these duration-tuned neurons (DTNs) provide a potential neural mechanism for encoding temporal features of sound. In this study, we investigated how having an additional neural response filter, one selective to the duration of an auditory stimulus, influences frequency tuning and neural organization by recording single-unit responses and measuring the dorsal-ventral

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Fischer, Brian J., José Luis Peña, and Masakazu Konishi. "Emergence of Multiplicative Auditory Responses in the Midbrain of the Barn Owl." Journal of Neurophysiology 98, no. 3 (2007): 1181–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00370.2007.

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Space-specific neurons in the barn owl's auditory space map gain spatial selectivity through tuning to combinations of the interaural time difference (ITD) and interaural level difference (ILD). The combination of ITD and ILD in the subthreshold responses of space-specific neurons in the external nucleus of the inferior colliculus (ICx) is well described by a multiplication of ITD- and ILD-dependent components. It is unknown, however, how ITD and ILD are combined at the site of ITD and ILD convergence in the lateral shell of the central nucleus of the inferior colliculus (ICcl) and therefore w

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Gans, Donald, Kianoush Sheykholeslami, Diana Coomes Peterson, and Jeffrey Wenstrup. "Temporal Features of Spectral Integration in the Inferior Colliculus: Effects of Stimulus Duration and Rise Time." Journal of Neurophysiology 102, no. 1 (2009): 167–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.91300.2008.

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This report examines temporal features of facilitation and suppression that underlie spectrally integrative responses to complex vocal signals. Auditory responses were recorded from 160 neurons in the inferior colliculus (IC) of awake mustached bats. Sixty-two neurons showed combination-sensitive facilitation: responses to best frequency (BF) signals were facilitated by well-timed signals at least an octave lower in frequency, in the range 16–31 kHz. Temporal features and strength of facilitation were generally unaffected by changes in duration of facilitating signals from 4 to 31 ms. Changes

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Batra, R., S. Kuwada, and T. R. Stanford. "Temporal coding of envelopes and their interaural delays in the inferior colliculus of the unanesthetized rabbit." Journal of Neurophysiology 61, no. 2 (1989): 257–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1989.61.2.257.

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1. The difference in the time of arrival of a sound at the two ears can be used to locate its source along the azimuth. Traditionally, it has been thought that only the on-going interaural temporal disparities (ITDs) produced by sounds of lower frequency (approximately less than 2 kHz) could be used for this purpose. However, ongoing ITDs of low frequency are also produced by envelopes of amplitude-modulated (AM) tones. These ITDs can be detected and used to lateralize complex high-frequency sounds (1, 8, 12, 15, 22, 24, 26). Auditory neurons synchronize to the modulation envelope, but do so a

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Day, Mitchell L., and Bertrand Delgutte. "Neural population encoding and decoding of sound source location across sound level in the rabbit inferior colliculus." Journal of Neurophysiology 115, no. 1 (2016): 193–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00643.2015.

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At lower levels of sensory processing, the representation of a stimulus feature in the response of a neural population can vary in complex ways across different stimulus intensities, potentially changing the amount of feature-relevant information in the response. How higher-level neural circuits could implement feature decoding computations that compensate for these intensity-dependent variations remains unclear. Here we focused on neurons in the inferior colliculus (IC) of unanesthetized rabbits, whose firing rates are sensitive to both the azimuthal position of a sound source and its sound l

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Diepenbrock, Jan-Philipp, Marcus Jeschke, Frank W. Ohl, and Jesko L. Verhey. "Comodulation masking release in the inferior colliculus by combined signal enhancement and masker reduction." Journal of Neurophysiology 117, no. 2 (2017): 853–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00191.2016.

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Auditory signals that contain coherent level fluctuations of a masker in different frequency regions enhance the detectability of an embedded sinusoidal target signal, an effect commonly known as comodulation masking release (CMR). Neural correlates have been proposed at different stages of the auditory system. While later stages seem to suppress the response to the masker, earlier stages are more likely to enhance their response to the signal when the masker is comodulated. Using a flanking band masking paradigm, the present study investigates how CMR is represented at the level of the inferi

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Straka, Małgorzata M., Samuel Schmitz, and Hubert H. Lim. "Response features across the auditory midbrain reveal an organization consistent with a dual lemniscal pathway." Journal of Neurophysiology 112, no. 4 (2014): 981–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00008.2014.

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The central auditory system has traditionally been divided into lemniscal and nonlemniscal pathways leading from the midbrain through the thalamus to the cortex. This view has served as an organizing principle for studying, modeling, and understanding the encoding of sound within the brain. However, there is evidence that the lemniscal pathway could be further divided into at least two subpathways, each potentially coding for sound in different ways. We investigated whether such an interpretation is supported by the spatial distribution of response features in the central nucleus of the inferi

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Poveda, Clara, Maria Valero, Marianny Pernia, et al. "Expression and Localization of Kv1.1 and Kv3.1b Potassium Channels in the Cochlear Nucleus and Inferior Colliculus after Long-Term Auditory Deafferentation." Brain Sciences 10, no. 1 (2020): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10010035.

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Deafness affects the expression and distribution of voltage-dependent potassium channels (Kvs) of central auditory neurons in the short-term, i.e., hours to days, but the consequences in the expression of Kvs after long-term deafness remain unknown. We tested expression and distribution of Kv1.1 and Kv3.1b, key for auditory processing, in the rat cochlear nucleus (CN), and in the inferior colliculus (IC), at 1, 15 and 90 days after mechanical lesion of the cochlea, using a combination of qRT-PCR and Western blot in the whole CN, along with semi-quantitative immunocytochemistry in the AVCN, whe

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Kutscher, Andrew, and Ellen Covey. "Functional Role of GABAergic and Glycinergic Inhibition in the Intermediate Nucleus of the Lateral Lemniscus of the Big Brown Bat." Journal of Neurophysiology 101, no. 6 (2009): 3135–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00766.2007.

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The intermediate nucleus of the lateral lemniscus (INLL) is a major input to the inferior colliculus (IC), the auditory midbrain center where multiple pathways converge to create neurons selective for specific temporal features of sound. However, little is known about how INLL processes auditory information or how it contributes to integrative processes at the IC. INLL receives excitatory projections from the cochlear nucleus and inhibitory projections from the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body (MNTB), so it must perform some form of integration. To address the question of what role inhibit

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Casseday, John H., Daphna Ehrlich, and Ellen Covey. "Neural Measurement of Sound Duration: Control by Excitatory-Inhibitory Interactions in the Inferior Colliculus." Journal of Neurophysiology 84, no. 3 (2000): 1475–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.2000.84.3.1475.

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In the inferior colliculus (IC) of the big brown bat, a subpopulation of cells (∼35%) are tuned to a narrow range of sound durations. Band-pass tuning for sound duration has not been seen at lower levels of the auditory pathway. Previous work suggests that it arises at the IC through the interaction of sound-evoked, temporally offset, excitatory and inhibitory inputs. To test this hypothesis, we recorded from duration-tuned neurons in the IC and examined duration tuning before and after iontophoretic infusion of antagonists to γ-aminobutyric acid-A (GABAA) (bicuculline) or glycine (strychnine)

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Nayagam, David A. X., Janine C. Clarey, and Antonio G. Paolini. "Powerful, Onset Inhibition in the Ventral Nucleus of the Lateral Lemniscus." Journal of Neurophysiology 94, no. 2 (2005): 1651–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00167.2005.

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The function of the ventral nucleus of the lateral lemniscus (VNLL), a secondary processing site within the auditory brain stem, is unclear. It is known to be a major source of inhibition to the inferior colliculus (IC). It is also thought to play a role in coding the temporal aspects of sound, such as onsets and the periodic components of complex stimuli. In vivo intracellular recordings from VNLL neurons ( n = 56) in urethane anesthetized rats revealed the presence of large-amplitude, short-duration, onset inhibition in a subset of neurons (14.3%). This inhibition occurred before the first a

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Zrull, M. C., and J. R. Coleman. "Effects of Tectal Grafts on Sound Detection Deficits Induced by Inferior Colliculus Lesions in Hooded Rats." Cell Transplantation 5, no. 2 (1996): 293–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096368979600500218.

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The midbrain inferior colliculus (IC), a major integrating center for auditory processing, provides a model for structural, functional, and behavioral recovery. The present study examined the role of IC in spatial sound detection, and the effects of neural transplantation in sparing of behavioral performance. Hooded rats were presented noise bursts at ambient noise levels and 15 dB above this level randomly at one of eight locations in the horizontal plane, and rats were required to suppress licking upon detecting signal presentations. Following training, rats received bilateral IC lesions, bi

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Park, Thomas J., Achim Klug, Michael Holinstat, and Benedikt Grothe. "Interaural Level Difference Processing in the Lateral Superior Olive and the Inferior Colliculus." Journal of Neurophysiology 92, no. 1 (2004): 289–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00961.2003.

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Interaural level differences (ILDs) provide salient cues for localizing high-frequency sounds in space, and populations of neurons that are sensitive to ILDs are found at almost every synaptic level from brain stem to cortex. These cells are predominantly excited by stimulation of one ear and predominantly inhibited by stimulation of the other ear, such that the magnitude of their response is determined in large part by the intensities at the 2 ears. However, in many cases ILD sensitivity is also influenced by overall intensity, which challenges the idea of unambiguous ILD coding. We investiga

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Joris, Philip X., Dries H. Louage, and Marcel van der Heijden. "Temporal Damping in Response to Broadband Noise. II. Auditory Nerve." Journal of Neurophysiology 99, no. 4 (2008): 1942–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.01179.2007.

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II. Auditory nerve. Low-frequency neurons in the inferior colliculus (IC) show a damped oscillatory response as a function of interaural time differences (ITDs) of broadband noise. It was previously shown that several features of such noise-delay functions are well predicted by the composite curve, generated by the linear summation of responses to tones with varying ITD. This indicates a surprising degree of linearity at the midbrain level of the auditory pathway. A similar comparison between responses to tones and to noise has not been made at a more peripheral, monaural level and it is there

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Ferger, Roland, Kerstin Pawlowsky, Martin Singheiser, and Hermann Wagner. "Response adaptation in the barn owl’s auditory space map." Journal of Neurophysiology 119, no. 3 (2018): 1235–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00769.2017.

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Response adaptation is the change of the firing rate of neurons induced by a preceding stimulus. It can be found in many sensory systems and throughout the auditory pathway. We investigated response adaptation in the external nucleus of the inferior colliculus (ICX) of barn owls ( Tyto furcata), a nocturnal bird of prey and specialist in sound localization. Individual neurons in the ICX represent locations in auditory space by maximally responding to combinations of interaural time and level differences (ITD and ILD). Neuronal responses were recorded extracellularly under ketamine-diazepam ane

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Ramachandran, Ramnarayan, Kevin A. Davis, and Bradford J. May. "Single-Unit Responses in the Inferior Colliculus of Decerebrate Cats I. Classification Based on Frequency Response Maps." Journal of Neurophysiology 82, no. 1 (1999): 152–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1999.82.1.152.

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This study proposes a classification system for neurons in the central nucleus of the inferior colliculus (ICC) that is based on excitation and inhibition patterns of single-unit responses in decerebrate cats. The decerebrate preparation allowed extensive characterization of physiological response types without the confounding effects of anesthesia. The tone-driven discharge rates of individual units were measured across a range of frequencies and levels to map excitatory and inhibitory response areas for contralateral monaural stimulation. The resulting frequency response maps can be grouped

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Spitzer, Matthew W., and Malcolm N. Semple. "Transformation of Binaural Response Properties in the Ascending Auditory Pathway: Influence of Time-Varying Interaural Phase Disparity." Journal of Neurophysiology 80, no. 6 (1998): 3062–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1998.80.6.3062.

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Spitzer, Matthew W. and Malcolm N. Semple. Transformation of binaural response properties in the ascending auditory pathway: influence of time-varying interaural phase disparity. J. Neurophysiol. 80: 3062–3076, 1998. Previous studies demonstrated that tuning of inferior colliculus (IC) neurons to interaural phase disparity (IPD) is often profoundly influenced by temporal variation of IPD, which simulates the binaural cue produced by a moving sound source. To determine whether sensitivity to simulated motion arises in IC or at an earlier stage of binaural processing we compared responses in IC

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Fitzpatrick, D. C., S. Kuwada, R. Batra, and C. Trahiotis. "Neural responses to simple simulated echoes in the auditory brain stem of the unanesthetized rabbit." Journal of Neurophysiology 74, no. 6 (1995): 2469–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1995.74.6.2469.

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1. In most natural environments, sound waves from a single source will reach a listener through both direct and reflected paths. Sound traveling the direct path arrives first, and determines the perceived location of the source despite the presence of reflections from many different locations. This phenomenon is called the "law of the first wavefront" or "precedence effect." The time at which the reflection is first perceived as a separately localizable sound defines the end of the precedence window and is called "echo threshold." The precedence effect represents an important property of the a

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Hirai, Yasuharu, Eri Nishino, and Harunori Ohmori. "Simultaneous recording of fluorescence and electrical signals by photometric patch electrode in deep brain regions in vivo." Journal of Neurophysiology 113, no. 10 (2015): 3930–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00005.2015.

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Despite its widespread use, high-resolution imaging with multiphoton microscopy to record neuronal signals in vivo is limited to the surface of brain tissue because of limited light penetration. Moreover, most imaging studies do not simultaneously record electrical neural activity, which is, however, crucial to understanding brain function. Accordingly, we developed a photometric patch electrode (PME) to overcome the depth limitation of optical measurements and also enable the simultaneous recording of neural electrical responses in deep brain regions. The PME recoding system uses a patch elec

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Kyweriga, Michael, Whitney Stewart, and Michael Wehr. "Neuronal interaural level difference response shifts are level-dependent in the rat auditory cortex." Journal of Neurophysiology 111, no. 5 (2014): 930–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00648.2013.

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How does the brain accomplish sound localization with invariance to total sound level? Sensitivity to interaural level differences (ILDs) is first computed at the lateral superior olive (LSO) and is observed at multiple levels of the auditory pathway, including the central nucleus of inferior colliculus (ICC) and auditory cortex. In LSO, this ILD sensitivity is level-dependent, such that ILD response functions shift toward the ipsilateral (excitatory) ear with increasing sound level. Thus early in the processing pathway changes in firing rate could indicate changes in sound location, sound lev

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Wagner, H., and T. Takahashi. "Influence of temporal cues on acoustic motion-direction sensitivity of auditory neurons in the owl." Journal of Neurophysiology 68, no. 6 (1992): 2063–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1992.68.6.2063.

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1. We studied the sensitivity of auditory neurons in the barn owl's brain stem to the direction of apparent acoustic motion. Motion stimuli were generated with an array of seven free-field speakers (Fig. 2). Motion-direction sensitivity was determined by comparing the number of spikes evoked by counterclockwise (CCW) motion with the number of spikes evoked by clockwise (CW) motion. A directionality index (DI) was defined to quantify the measurements. The statistical significance of the directional bias was determined by a chi 2 test that used the responses to stationary sounds as the null hypo

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Tsai, Jeffrey J., Kanthaiah Koka, and Daniel J. Tollin. "Varying Overall Sound Intensity to the Two Ears Impacts Interaural Level Difference Discrimination Thresholds by Single Neurons in the Lateral Superior Olive." Journal of Neurophysiology 103, no. 2 (2010): 875–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00911.2009.

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The lateral superior olive (LSO) is one of the earliest sites in the auditory pathway involved in processing acoustical cues to sound location. LSO neurons encode the interaural level difference (ILD) cue to azimuthal location. Here we investigated the effect of variations in the overall stimulus levels of sounds at the two ears on the sensitivity of LSO neurons to small differences in ILDs of pure tones. The neuronal firing rate versus ILD functions were found to depend greatly on the overall stimulus level, typically shifting along the ILD axis toward the excitatory ear and attaining greater

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Zhang, Zhuo, Chun-Hua Liu, Yan-Qin Yu, Kenji Fujimoto, Ying-Shing Chan, and Jufang He. "Corticofugal Projection Inhibits the Auditory Thalamus Through the Thalamic Reticular Nucleus." Journal of Neurophysiology 99, no. 6 (2008): 2938–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00002.2008.

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Electrical stimulation of the auditory cortex (AC) causes both facilitatory and inhibitory effects on the medial geniculate body (MGB). The purpose of this study was to identify the corticofugal inhibitory pathway to the MGB. We assessed two potential circuits: 1) the cortico-colliculo-thalamic circuit and 2) cortico-reticulo-thalamic one. We compared intracellular responses of MGB neurons to electrical stimulation of the AC following bilateral ablation of the inferior colliculi (IC) or thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN) in anesthetized guinea pigs. Cortical stimulation with intact TRN could cau

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Komune, Noritaka, Kaan Yagmurlu, Satoshi Matsuo, Koichi Miki, Hiroshi Abe, and Albert L. Rhoton. "Auditory Brainstem Implantation: Anatomy and Approaches." Operative Neurosurgery 11, no. 2 (2015): 306–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/neu.0000000000000736.

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Abstract BACKGROUND Auditory brainstem implantation at the cochlear nuclei used mainly for neurofibromatosis type 2 patients with bilateral loss of the cochlear nerves has more recently been extended to the inferior colliculus. OBJECTIVE To examine the microsurgical and endoscopic anatomy of the cochlear nuclei and inferior colliculus as seen through the translabyrinthine and retrosigmoid approaches used for cochlear nuclei and inferior collicular implantation. METHODS Ten cerebellopontine angles of formalin-fixed adult cadaveric heads were examined with the aid of the surgical microscope and

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Meydan, Sedat, Sinem Aydin, Hafize Otcu, Serkan Kitis, and Alpay Alkan. "Assessment of Auditory Pathways Using Diffusion Tensor Imaging in Patients with Neurofibromatosis Type 1." Current Medical Imaging Formerly Current Medical Imaging Reviews 15, no. 9 (2019): 890–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573405614666180425124743.

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Aim: The aim of our study was to determine whether the diffusion properties of the auditory pathways alter between patients with Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) and the healthy subjects. DTI can well demonstrate FA and ADC changes in auditory tracts and it may be a guide to identify the candidates for hearing loss among NF1 children. Methods: The study population consisted of 43 patients with NF1 and 21 healthy controls. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) was used to measure apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and fractional anisotropy (FA) values from lemniscus lateralis, colliculus inferior, cor

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Herrmann, Björn, Aravindakshan Parthasarathy, Emily X. Han, Jonas Obleser, and Edward L. Bartlett. "Sensitivity of rat inferior colliculus neurons to frequency distributions." Journal of Neurophysiology 114, no. 5 (2015): 2941–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00555.2015.

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Stimulus-specific adaptation refers to a neural response reduction to a repeated stimulus that does not generalize to other stimuli. However, stimulus-specific adaptation appears to be influenced by additional factors. For example, the statistical distribution of tone frequencies has recently been shown to dynamically alter stimulus-specific adaptation in human auditory cortex. The present study investigated whether statistical stimulus distributions also affect stimulus-specific adaptation at an earlier stage of the auditory hierarchy. Neural spiking activity and local field potentials were r

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Wilson, Willard W., and William E. O'Neill. "Auditory Motion Induces Directionally Dependent Receptive Field Shifts in Inferior Colliculus Neurons." Journal of Neurophysiology 79, no. 4 (1998): 2040–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1998.79.4.2040.

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Wilson, Willard W. and William E. O'Neill. Auditory motion induces directionally dependent receptive field shifts in inferior colliculus neurons. J. Neurophysiol. 79: 2040–2062, 1998. This research focused on the response of neurons in the inferior colliculus of the unanesthetized mustached bat, Pteronotus parnelli, to apparent auditory motion. We produced the apparent motion stimulus by broadcasting pure-tone bursts sequentially from an array of loudspeakers along horizontal, vertical, or oblique trajectories in the frontal hemifield. Motion direction had an effect on the response of 65% of t

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Brand, Antje, Reas Urban, and Benedikt Grothe. "Duration Tuning in the Mouse Auditory Midbrain." Journal of Neurophysiology 84, no. 4 (2000): 1790–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.2000.84.4.1790.

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Temporal cues, including sound duration, are important for sound identification. Neurons tuned to the duration of pure tones were first discovered in the auditory system of frogs and bats and were discussed as specific adaptations in these animals. More recently duration sensitivity has also been described in the chinchilla midbrain and the cat auditory cortex, indicating that it might be a more general phenomenon than previously thought. However, it is unclear whether duration tuning in mammals is robust in face of changes of stimulus parameters other than duration. Using extracellular single

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Cai, Rui, Bopanna I. Kalappa, Thomas J. Brozoski, Lynne L. Ling, and Donald M. Caspary. "Is GABA neurotransmission enhanced in auditory thalamus relative to inferior colliculus?" Journal of Neurophysiology 111, no. 2 (2014): 229–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00556.2013.

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Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central auditory system. Sensory thalamic structures show high levels of non-desensitizing extrasynaptic GABAA receptors (GABAARs) and a reduction in the redundancy of coded information. The present study compared the inhibitory potency of GABA acting at GABAARs between the inferior colliculus (IC) and the medial geniculate body (MGB) using quantitative in vivo, in vitro, and ex vivo experimental approaches. In vivo single unit studies compared the ability of half maximal inhibitory concentrations of GABA to inhibit

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Hurley, Laura M. "Different Serotonin Receptor Agonists Have Distinct Effects on Sound-Evoked Responses in Inferior Colliculus." Journal of Neurophysiology 96, no. 5 (2006): 2177–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00046.2006.

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The neuromodulator serotonin has a complex set of effects on the auditory responses of neurons within the inferior colliculus (IC), a midbrain auditory nucleus that integrates a wide range of inputs from auditory and nonauditory sources. To determine whether activation of different types of serotonin receptors is a source of the variability in serotonergic effects, four selective agonists of serotonin receptors in the serotonin (5-HT) 1 and 5-HT2 families were iontophoretically applied to IC neurons, which were monitored for changes in their responses to auditory stimuli. Different agonists ha

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Atencio, Craig A., Tatyana O. Sharpee, and Christoph E. Schreiner. "Receptive field dimensionality increases from the auditory midbrain to cortex." Journal of Neurophysiology 107, no. 10 (2012): 2594–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.01025.2011.

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In the primary auditory cortex, spectrotemporal receptive fields (STRFs) are composed of multiple independent components that capture the processing of disparate stimulus aspects by any given neuron. The origin of these multidimensional stimulus filters in the central auditory system is unknown. To determine whether multicomponent STRFs emerge prior to the forebrain, we recorded from single neurons in the main obligatory station of the auditory midbrain, the inferior colliculus. By comparing results of different spike-triggered techniques, we found that the neural responses in the inferior col

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