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Journal articles on the topic 'Infinitive clauses'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 7 June 2025

Last updated: 2 August 2025

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1

Tuhai, Oleksandra. "Subject Control Infinitive Constructions in Early Modern English." World Journal of English Language 12, no. 1 (2022): 367. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/wjel.v12n1p367.

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This study aims to analyze and describe infinitive sentences with verbs of volition such as desire, wish, want, hope, intend, promise, determine, command in Early Modern English within a generative framework. It is argued that the infinitival clauses have a thematic subject PRO controlled by the matrix subject. It is proved that complex sentences with infinitive complements of matrix predicates of volition obtain subject control function. The findings show syntactic peculiarities of infinitive complementation of monotransitive verbs of volition as subject control infinitive constructions in th

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2

Kavčič, Jerneja. "The Decline of the Aorist Infinitive in Ancient Greek Declarative Infinitive Clauses." Journal of Greek Linguistics 16, no. 2 (2016): 266–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15699846-01602004.

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It seems established that infinitives used in declarative infinitive clauses (DeclarInfCl) convey relative temporality in Classical Greek, with the aorist infinitive referring to anteriority, the present infinitive to simultaneity, and the future infinitive to posteriority. In Hellenistic/Roman Greek and in Early Byzantine Greek, by comparison, DeclarInfCl do not display the same variety of infinitive forms. These periods appear to avoid the aorist infinitive while manifesting a very common use of perfect infinitives and stative present infinitives in DeclarInfCl. These tendencies stand in a c

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3

Tjabaka, Lemohang. "The Position of the Subjectness of the Subject-less Conventional Infinitives." Journal of Translation and Language Studies 2, no. 2 (2021): 34–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.48185/jtls.v2i2.247.

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The English conventional infinitive clauses have either overt or covert subjects. Previous analyses mainly used the PRO Theorem and Null-Case Approaches to show the distribution of the subjectness of the subject-less conventional infinitives. However, this paper investigated the position of the subjectness of the subject-less conventional infinitive clauses using the Minimalist Program’s Movement Theory of Control and the External Token Merge. In this qualitative paper, data was extracted from the previous English Ph.D. research studies conducted by English native and non-native speakers, and

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4

Miladi, Lidia. "Structures des complétives et des infinitives du polonais et du français." Cognitive Studies | Études cognitives, no. 11 (November 24, 2015): 53–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.11649/cs.2011.003.

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Complement and infinitive clause structures in Polish and FrenchThe comparative analysis of complement clauses and infinitive clauses in Polish and French throws light on the sequence to, że(by) P / ce que P introducing complement clauses in the two languages. The comparison demonstrates that in the face of «ce» that is deleted or grammaticalised in French complement clauses, we have an attested introductor to1 in Polish which changes its own nature when it is accented. To1 becomes the demonstrative pronoun to2 (this), which can cause a dislocation of the sequence to, że(by) P . The comparison

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5

Kavčič, Jerneja. "Syntactic variants and natural syntax : Greek infinitive clauses dependent on verbs of speaking and thinking." Linguistica 50, no. 1 (2010): 169–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/linguistica.50.1.169-177.

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This paper explains a very well-known feature of Classical Greek syntax from the perspective of Natural Syntax. Most grammars of Classical Greek state that infinitive clauses could be dependent on both verbs of speaking and thinking in Classical Greek. In contrast, finite dependent clauses could be governed only by verbs of speaking. However, one verb of speaking that regularly governs infinitive clauses is 'say'. In terms of Natural Syntax, infinitive clauses are more natural than finite dependent clauses. The scale > nat (infinitive clause, finite dependent clause) is supported by the cri

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6

Hill, Virginia. "The emergence of the Romanian supine." Journal of Historical Linguistics 3, no. 2 (2013): 230–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jhl.3.2.03hil.

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The supine starts to occur in Early Modern Romanian (EMR) by the late 16th century, during the general process of replacement of infinitives in subordinated clauses. The supine replaces the infinitive in non-finite relative clauses. In this article, I argue that EMR, but not other languages (e.g., Balkan Slavic) provided ambiguity in the primary linguistic data in the context of infinitival de-relatives, because of the underspecification of de for grammatical category (i.e., either preposition or relativizing complementizer). The ambiguity led to two parallel derivations — a PP-de and a CP-de

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7

Dymarsky, M. Ya. "Dative subject and predicativity: towards the typology of Russian infinitive phrases." Verba Northwest Linguistic Journal, no. 2 (2023): 25–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.34680/verba-2023-2(7)-25-37.

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The article deals with two interrelated theses, often found in works that are more or less focused on generative grammar: 1) any infinitive group is a clause; 2) each infinitive clause contains the position for a dative subject, including the zero one (PRODAT). A clause is interpreted as “minimal grammatical unit corresponding to a proposition” (S. S. Sai). The focus is on infinitive groups that function as 1) the semantic component of the compound verb predicate(nachal izuchat’ francuzskij‘started learning French’), 2) object (poprosil zhenu prigotovit’ obed‘asked the wife to cook dinner’), 3

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8

Bylinina, Lisa. "Degree Infinitival Clauses." Semantics and Linguistic Theory 23 (August 24, 2013): 394. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/salt.v23i0.2660.

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I discuss the structure and semantic composition of the so-called "Attributive-with-Infinitive" construction -- a construction that contains a positive gradable adjective in the attributive position, and a gapped infinitival clause. Studying the way the adjective combines with the infinitival clause will suggest a new type of an infinitival clause -- a degree interval-denoting one. The analysis will have consequences for the nature of a positive morpheme.

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9

Silvano, Purificação, and Luís Filipe Cunha. "As propriedades temporais das orações infinitivas completivas e finais com para em Português Europeu." Revista da Associação Portuguesa de Linguística, no. 7 (November 30, 2020): 318–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.26334/2183-9077/rapln7ano2020a19.

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In this paper we investigate three different types of infinitive constructions involving para in European Portuguese, viz. purpose clauses, complement clauses in which para behaves as a true complementizer and complement clauses in which para behaves as a preposition pertaining to the main sentence. We begin with a brief characterization of the Portuguese simple infinitive, arguing that, in appropriate conditions, it exhibits defective temporal properties that are, nonetheless, non-specified whenever another component in the sentence ascribes temporal information to the infinitive clause. Then

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10

Tjabaka-Mokapane, Lemohang. "Categorial Conflict between Phrasal-Prepositional Verbs and Infinitives: The Great Complement Shift." Elsya : Journal of English Language Studies 5, no. 2 (2023): 159–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.31849/elsya.v5i2.13447.

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The development of grammatical forms and synchronic effects has captured a considerable interest of researchers across the globe. The research of this phenomenon is done to understand how certain linguistic forms arise and interact with other forms. Literature also discloses that a number of studies has addressed grammaticalisation of prepositions, which has somehow resulted in categorial conflict. However, there is dearth of literature that deals with /to/ to distinguish between phrasal-prepositional verbs and infinitives as a way of resolving the conflict. Again, some of the L2 students conf

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11

VAN LINDEN, AN. "The rise of theto-infinitive: evidence from adjectival complementation." English Language and Linguistics 14, no. 1 (2010): 19–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1360674309990396.

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This article presents a diachronic corpus-based study of the distribution of mandativethat- andto-clauses complementing deontic adjectival matrices in the extraposition construction, as inIt is essential to work upwards from easier workloads(CB). It shows that theto-infinitive encroaches on thethat-clause from Early Middle English onwards and comes to predominate in Late Middle English. It thus adduces evidence for Los's (2005) account of the rise of theto-infinitive as verbal complement: against the generally held view that theto-infinitive replaced the bare infinitive, Los (2005) shows that

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Salvi, Giampaolo. "Coordenações assimétricas no português antigo." Linguística: Revista de Estudos Linguísticos da Universidade do Porto, esp (2021): 311–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.21747/16466195/lingespa14.

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This paper takes into account some asymmetries found in Medieval Portuguese coordinate structures containing infinitival clauses. These are cases of coordination of a non-inflected infinitive with an inflected one and cases of apparent extraction of an element from the first clause of a coordinate structure. Both asymmetries can be eliminated if we assume that the coordination takes place at a higher structural level than that of the infinitival clauses; however, this solution entails that we have to postulate a gap in the second conjunct with the ellipsis of some elements (and/or the presence

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13

Valmala, Vidal. "VP Anaphor, the SIH, and the ISH." Coherence and Anaphora 10 (January 1, 1996): 123–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/bjl.10.09elg.

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Abstract. This paper gives an account of some restrictions in the application of null VP Anaphor in English infinitives, showing how the Internal Subject Hypothesis and the Split Inflection Hypothesis affect the assumptions on which previous analyses were based. The ECP and the temporal interpretation of the infinitive are demonstrated to be irrelevant for licensing null VPs in English infinitival clauses. It is shown that VP Anaphor is better analyzed as involving deletion at the PF level or on the way to it, and that it can be applied if the antecedent and target VP are "identical" at LF. It

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14

Tsedryk, Egor. "Infinitival clauses with dative subjects: goal-oriented directedness in space and time." Poznan Studies in Contemporary Linguistics 59, no. 4 (2023): 757–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/psicl-2022-1066.

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Abstract Infinitival clauses are known to represent a caseless domain for the subject. Nevertheless, Russian is often cited as an exception to this property. It has a so-called “dative-infinitive construction” (DIC), in which an overt subject appears in dative case. Dative morphology also appears in certain control environments, resurfacing on a semi-predicate, which has been taken as evidence of case presence on PRO. This paper scrutinizes various types of DIC and proposes their unified analysis, relying on two theoretical tools: the framework of Distributed Morphology and the Universal Spine

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15

Chen, Marina Yueh-ching. "English prototyped small clauses in the interlanguage of Chinese/Taiwanese adult learners." Second Language Research 21, no. 1 (2005): 1–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/0267658305sr243oa.

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This study of consider and find attempts to shed light on second language acquisition of English small clause complements, as in we consider [Mary intelligent] and we find [Mary interesting]. It examines how learners’ First language (Mandarin Chinese) interacts with the target language. The analysis is based on the results of two kinds of tasks: grammaticality judgements, intended to elicit nonnative participants’ implicit knowledge as compared with the responses of native participants; and oral translations to test their explicit access to this knowledge. The results indicate that Chinese lea

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16

Greco, Paolo, and Valentina Ferrari. "Aspetti della Subordinazione a verbo non finito nella Vulgata." Acta Antiqua Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 59, no. 1-4 (2020): 119–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/068.2019.59.1-4.13.

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SummaryThis paper aims at describing some of the main structural and functional characteristics of two subordinate patterns, namely infinitive clauses governed by verba dicendi et sentiendi (i.e. the so-called Accusativus cum Infinitivo) and participial clauses, as they occur in the Vulgate. The characteristics of the use of the Accusativus cum Infinitivo will be interpreted within the context of the uses of this structure in other Latin texts written in different periods. In particular, and in the framework of a functional-typologi- cal approach, we will investigate word-order phenomena.

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17

Herrera Morera, Gisselle. "El infinitivo personal de las oraciones adverbiales en el español de Centroamérica (The Personal Infinitive in Adverbial Clauses in Central American Spanish)." LETRAS 2, no. 58 (2017): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.15359/rl.2-58.1.

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En este trabajo se describen y analizan desde una perspectiva tipológico-funcional las estructuras de infinitivo personal en las oraciones adverbiales introducidas por una preposición + sujeto pronominal + infinitivo [PSpI] en el español de Centroamérica. Se concluye que no hay una tendencia al empleo de tal estructura en esta variedad, aunque se manifiesta como un fenómeno incipiente que podría acentuarse. This paper describes and analyzes, from a typological-functional perspective, personal infinitive structures in adverbial clauses introduced by a preposition + pronoun subject + infinitive

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18

Lansari, Laure. "The be going to periphrasis in if-clauses." Languages in Contrast 9, no. 2 (2009): 202–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lic.9.2.02lan.

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This paper examines the use of the future periphrases be going to and aller + infinitive in conditional clauses introduced by if and si. Both monolingual and translated data is investigated. It shows that there is no equivalence between the two periphrases in such a constrained syntactic environment. The sequence if + be going to, which is not truly conditional as claimed throughout the analysis, is frequent in contemporary English, whereas aller + infinitive is hardly compatible with conditionals. Be going to in if-clauses is thus mainly translated by devoir, which emphasizes the inevitabilit

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19

Nogueira, Antônia Fernanda de Souza. "Finitude e a distinção entre nominalização e oração subordinada completiva em Wayoro." Cadernos de Estudos Linguísticos 67 (June 2, 2025): e025002. https://doi.org/10.20396/cel.v67i00.8676506.

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This paper focuses on the properties of finiteness in syntactic environments: matrix sentence, (infinitive) subordinate clause, and nominalization. In several languages, there is a morpheme that creates nouns from intransitive and transitive verbs with the meaning of “a place where ‘verb’ happens” or “an instrument for ‘verbing’” (COMRIE; THOMPSON, 2007, p. 340). In the Wayoro language (Tupari subfamily, Tupian), this morpheme is {-p∼-m} ‘nominalizer’. However, we noticed constructions with {-p∼-m} that appear as complement of verbs and that show properties of clauses. Are these complements be

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20

Kozhanov, Kirill. "Finite to Non-finite through Impersonalization." Journal of Language Contact 17, no. 4 (2024): 703–26. https://doi.org/10.1163/19552629-01704004.

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Abstract This study examines the contact-induced emergence of an infinitive in Russian Romani, a northeastern Romani dialect spoken in Russia and neighboring countries. Romani, like other Balkan languages, lacks an infinitival verbal form and instead uses finite subjunctive phrases in complements and purpose clauses. However, in some Romani dialects that have been in contact with infinitival languages (e.g., Slavic, Germanic, Finnish), a new infinitive form has emerged. This new form, derived from the subjunctive, lacks agreement with the controller. Drawing on spoken and literary corpus data,

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21

Prokopowicz, Mariusz Izydor. "The Ancient Egyptian Second Infinitive? ‘iw + subject + r + infinitive’ Interpreted Through the Biblical Infinitive Absolute and the Polish Second Infinitive." Studies in Ancient Art and Civilisation 18 (December 30, 2014): 259–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.12797/saac.18.2014.18.16.

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Infinitives and infinitival constructions seem to be a kind of conceptualization embedded in a language with a ‘genus’ different to that of other grammatical forms. But why did human cognition invent infinitives and their associated constructions? On an ontological level, infinitives indicate intentionality that is pro-modal and timeless future-situationoriented (Prokopowicz 2012). Timeless future orientation expresses accomplishment or achievement, which are different states of perfectivity. If verbal finished forms direct our attention to the complexity of events, which we can for instance c

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22

Tuhai, O. "THE STUDY OF COMPLEMENTARY COMPLEXES IN MODERN GRAMMAR SCHOOLS." Studia Philologica, no. 2 (2019): 75–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.28925/2311-2425.2019.13.12.

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The article focuses on the basic theoretical approaches to the analysis of complementary complexes in modern grammar paradigms. The phenomenon of clausal complementation has been presented. Subordinate sentences are characterized as object clausal complements with the status of a core internal argument of the main predicate. Grammatical configuration and functioning of finite/infinitive complementary sentences in English have been revealed. Grammatical status of clauses under the study is postulated as object predication or the internal verbal complement in the function of an object. Grammatic

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23

Yatsenko, Polina. "The complication of the syntactical structure of subordinate-coordinate polynome in modern german (on the material of scientific discourse)." Vìsnik Marìupolʹsʹkogo deržavnogo unìversitetu. Serìâ: Fìlologìâ 12, no. 21 (2019): 242–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.34079/2226-3055-2019-12-21-242-249.

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This article offers the research of ways of complication of a subordinate-coordinate polynome, an art of complex clauses, which is made of at least three constituents. Each constituent – a clause is a participant of subordinate relations. There are additionally coordinative relations between a pair of subordinate clauses in the sentence. The study is undertaken on the material of the scientific discourse. The analyzed 500 subordinate-coordinate polynomes were chosen from scientific journals of the period from 2015 to 2017. It was discovered, that for two thirds of polynomes it is typical to br

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Lopatiuk, Nataliia. "FUNCTIONAL PARADIGM OF NON-FINITE CLAUSES WITH A NON-FINITE WHICH IS PART OF A PREDICATIVE CONSTRUCTION (ON THE MATERIAL OF ENGLISH ONLINE NEWSPAPER ARTICLES)." Germanic Philology Journal of Yuriy Fedkovych Chernivtsi National University, no. 843 (July 2023): 67–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.31861/gph2023.843.67-75.

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The article homes in on establishing the functional paradigm of non-finite clauses in Modern English. The data for the research has been drawn from English online newspaper articles the Evening Standard, the Guardian, the Times. The research corpus comprises 254 non-finite clauses per 976 thousand words from the texts under analysis. The novelty of this investigation lies in the fact that it views non-finite clauses in the functional aspect with a non-finite as part of a predicative construction. Non-finite clauses are a concise means of expressing thoughts and being such they can make the ide

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25

Kavčič, Jerneja. "The greek infinitive in variable deliberative, principally dependent questions: an interpretation in terms of naturalness theory." Linguistica 44, no. 1 (2004): 59–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/linguistica.44.1.59-74.

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In the present paper I investigate the use of the infinitive in dependent delibera tive clauses in Greek, a phenomenon occurring in several (modern) languages, cf. Slovene Nisem vedel, kaj storiti. 'I didn't know what to do?', English I didn't know what to do., German Was tun? 'What to do?'l. In the first part I present the development of deliberative infinitive clauses in Post-Classical Greek with a special emphasis on the use of this form in two Early Byzantine prose writings (in Pratum Spirituale and in Vita Theodori Syceotae, both belonging to the 6th;7th century AD), where some peculiari

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26

Kozáčiková, Zuzana. "Stance complement clauses controlled by verbs in academic research papers." Topics in Linguistics 22, no. 1 (2021): 16–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/topling-2021-0002.

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Abstract This paper explores stance complement clauses in the genre of academic discourse, analysing stance complement clauses controlled by verbs in economics research articles written in English by non-native writers. Following Biber’s taxonomy (2006) of common lexico-grammatical features used for stance analyses, the results of the study show that epistemic verbs of certainty and likelihood are an important means of communicating knowledge in this genre and thus, form an inseparable part of academic research writing. Moreover, the study seeks to analyse the contrast between stance to-infini

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27

Malá, Marcela. "A Corpus-Based Diachronic Study of a Change in the Use of Non-Finite Clauses in Written English." Prague Journal of English Studies 6, no. 1 (2017): 151–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pjes-2017-0009.

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AbstractOccasional notes in secondary literature suggest that there is a growing tendency to use non-finite clauses in written English. It is partly attributed to the fact that during the process of historical development the English finite verb has lost much of its dynamism and the nominal elements of predication, namely infinitives, participles and gerunds have gradually become semantically more important. This paper deals with the occurrences of non-finite clauses in the tagged Brown/Frown and LOB/F-LOB corpora, which are matching corpora of American English and British English respectively

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Jędrzejowski, Łukasz. "On the loss of copy-raising and the development of infinitive complements." Journal of Historical Linguistics 5, no. 1 (2015): 72–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jhl.5.1.03jed.

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This article deals with (non‑)finite complement clauses embedded under the inceptive phase predicate beginnen ‘begin’ in the history of German and illustrates how infinitives replaced finite clauses headed by the complementizer dass ‘that’. The main objective is to show that it was possible in Old High German (750–1050) to raise the subject from the embedded clause into the matrix subject position, crossing a CP boundary and leaving a pronominal copy in the dependent clause (copy-raising). Moreover, it is claimed that beginnen in its function as a subject control verb instantiates a recent dev

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Girard, Geneviève. "Infinitival to as a cohesion marker." Recherches anglaises et nord-américaines 44, no. 1 (2011): 47–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/ranam.2011.1406.

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The hypothesis developed in this paper is that to-infinitives play a role in the cohesive dimension of a text, since they are dependent clauses whose interpretation mainly relies on the linguistic environment that governs them. As a free morpheme, to can stand for a whole VP, and this also suggests that we cannot understand the ellipsis without resorting to what is encoded in the left co-text. Various occurrences are analysed, and the syntactic function – whether the infinitive is a complement to the matrix verb or a subject – seems to play a fundamental role, in particular as far as the tempo

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Zekaj, Mimoza. "Synonymy Relationships between the Subjunctive and the New Infinitive in the Syntactic Aspect." European Journal of Language and Literature 3, no. 1 (2015): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejls.v3i1.p91-95.

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The object of this study is the relationship between the subjunctive mood and infinitive in the Albanian language. Subjunctive is one of the inherited moods in Albanian. Apart from the indicative, subjunctive is also widely used, because it expresses a variety of modal meanings. The frequency of subjunctive mood usage, mainly in the south dialect, is related to its use as a synonym to the infinitive. The subjunctive mood coincides with the non-finite forms, especially the infinitive. This coincidence is evident on the syntactic aspect and its functional point of view, as well. The synonymy of

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Cunha, Luís Filipe. "Condicional e 'ir' no Imperfeito + Infinitivo: questões de temporalidade e de modalidade." Revista da Associação Portuguesa de Linguística, no. 3 (September 29, 2017): 75–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.26334/2183-9077/rapln3ano2017a6.

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In European Portuguese, both the Condicional (approximately corresponding to the English structure would + Infinitive) and the construction ir (‘go’) in the Imperfect + Infinitive express posteriority with respect to a given past interval. In this paper, I show that, in spite of their seemingly similar behaviour, these two forms diverge in a number of significant aspects. In particular, and taking into account the analysis of contexts such as if-clauses and some subordinate complement clauses introduced by factive and intensional verbs, I will argue that, while the Condicional is mainly used t

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Speyer, Augustin. "AcI and control infinitives: How different are they?" Journal of Historical Linguistics 5, no. 1 (2015): 41–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jhl.5.1.02spe.

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In German, there are two infinitive constructions for complement infinitives, the accusativus cum infinitivo (AcI) and the object control infinitive construction (OCIC). Both constructions have nearly identical structures, where the logical subject of the infinitive is a distinct constituent from the rest of the infinitival clause, although in Modern German they show differences in form: the AcI is coherent and governs the bare infinitive, while the OCIC is incoherent and governs the zu-infinitive. It can be shown that these differences only developed over time and are reflexes of semantic dif

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33

Hatakeyama, Yuji, Kensuke Honda, and Kosuke Tanaka. "To think that constructions and Japanese towa/nante constructions." Journal of Japanese Linguistics 38, no. 2 (2022): 231–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jjl-2022-2059.

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Abstract English has what is called ‘the to think that construction’, in which the subordinate clause (the to-infinitive clause) is used as if it were an independent clause (e.g., To think that she could be so ruthless!). This paper shows that the to think that construction can be divided into two types depending on the contents of the that clauses: one is the “recall” type, in which the that clauses represent a speaker’s knowledge (i.e., his/her past event or experience); and the other is the “surprise” type, in which the that clauses describe an event at the speech time which the speaker reg

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VAN BERGEN, LINDA. "Ne + infinitive constructions in Old English." English Language and Linguistics 16, no. 3 (2012): 487–518. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1360674312000202.

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The occurrence of the Old English negative particle ne ‘not’ preceding a bare infinitive rather than a finite verb is a largely neglected or overlooked phenomenon. It is attested in constructions with uton ‘let's’ and in conjoined clauses with omission of the finite verb (Mitchell 1985). This article discusses evidence gathered mainly from the York–Toronto–Helsinki Parsed Corpus of Old English Prose, showing that it is a phenomenon that needs to be taken seriously in descriptions and analyses of Old English. It is argued that the factor shared by the two constructions is the lack of an availab

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Kostanian, Z. V. "The Place of Independent Infinitive Structures in the System of English Sentences." Linguistics & Polyglot Studies 11, no. 1 (2025): 28–42. https://doi.org/10.24833/2410-2423-2025-1-42-28-42.

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The study presents a comprehensive analysis of independent infinitive structures with nonfinite predicates, focusing on their syntactic, pragmatic, and stylistic aspects. These clauses, which exhibit interrogative and exclamatory features, are characterized by non-standard syntax, granting them a unique place within the system of English sentences. The paper categorizes these units into three groups: 1) Infinitive structures with the particle “to” at the front (To + infinitive); 2) Infinitive structures with a topical subject (S + to + infinitive); 3) Structures with “Why + (not) + infinitive?

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Carver, Daniel E. "Temporal Adverbials in Aramaic." Aramaic Studies 22, no. 2 (2024): 150–75. https://doi.org/10.1163/17455227-bja10054.

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Abstract This study describes and compares two temporal adverbial constructions—(1) temporal subordinate clauses marked by *kaḏî and (2) the temporal, adverbial use of the infinitive in the construction preposition + infinitive—based on their usage in Old, Imperial, Biblical, Qumran Aramaic, and the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan to Kings. The latter is not common outside the Targumim, but it occurs in a few texts (mostly translations) from the first millennium BCE. There are also two occurrences in original compositions (Daniel and 4Q542). After describing these constructions in Old through Middl

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Barus, Windi Sahputra, Mhd Pujiono, and Hesti Fibriasari. "CODE MIXING USED BY STUDENTS OF FRENCH STUDY PROGRAM STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN." Language Literacy: Journal of Linguistics, Literature, and Language Teaching 3, no. 1 (2019): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.30743/ll.v3i1.980.

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The communication process involving a code mixing is an alternative to avoid misunderstandings in a bilingual community, a community having the phenomenon of speaking and understanding two or more languages, referring either to individuals or the entire society. This study aims to analyze the forms of code mixing using qualitative method. The data were obtained from recording of conversational discourse. The data collection strategy used the referral method, supported by basic techniques, namely tapping and advanced techniques, the skillful in-flight listening technique (SBLC). The results sho

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Muniroh, Anik Lailatul, and Rohmani Nur Indah. "Communication Strategies of Individual with Down Syndrome." Budapest International Research and Critics Institute (BIRCI-Journal): Humanities and Social Sciences 4, no. 1 (2021): 7–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.33258/birci.v4i1.1531.

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The issue on language and communication disorder of individuals with Down Syndrome becomes the focus of this study. It explores the disorder as a language phenomenon represented in movie. Where Hope Grows movie describes the character with Down Syndrome struggling in communicating with people in his workspace and independent livelihood. The result of this study shows that the utterances have dissimilarities with common people particularly in phonological terms such consonant clusters produced as a singleton, omitted word final consonant, target fricatives and affricates are produced as stops,

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Madariaga, Nerea. "The decline of non-finiteness as a syntactic mechanism for embedding in East Slavic." Journal of Historical Linguistics 5, no. 1 (2015): 139–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jhl.5.1.05mad.

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This article focuses on how and why non-finite structures weakened as a productive device for embedding in East Slavic and became replaced by an alternative system of finite CPs in many syntactic contexts. The relevant structures analyzed here are infinitive clauses and participial (absolute) constructions. Both constructions were available in almost any embedded context in early Slavic (Old Church Slavonic and Old Russian). However, in later stages (Middle Russian and Modern Russian) embedded infinitive constructions became severely restricted, while absolute constructions disappeared altoget

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Gregersen, Sune. "Delt infinitiv i dansk." Danske Studier 2014 (December 20, 2014): 76–87. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773961.

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<strong>Abstract: </strong>In the standard register of the Danish language, negations and adverbs that are part of the infinitive phrase are placed before the infinitive particle, as in German and Dutch, whereas in standard Swedish, such elements are placed between the infinitive particle and the infinitive form of the verb: hence Danish <em>ikke at være</em> ‘not to be’ vs. Swedish <em>att inte vara</em>, ‘to not be’. However, in modern Danish a ‘split infinitive’ in which an adverb or a negation is placed between <em>at</em> and the infinitive is som

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Rakhman, D. M. "Argument and Adjunct Purpose Constructions in Hill Mari." NSU Vestnik. Series: Linguistics and Intercultural Communication 19, no. 2 (2021): 19–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/1818-7935-2021-19-2-19-35.

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In this study the author suggests a new systemic model of purpose constructions in Hill Mari - a Finno-Ugric language, spoken by approximately 30 000 people living mostly in Mari El Republic, located in Volga river basin. (Here and thereafter (if the opposite is not stated overtly) the term “purpose clause” or “purpose construction” is used in its traditional wide sense and should not be confused with “Purpose clauses” opposed to “Rationale clauses” in R. A. Faraci’s terms (1974).) There are two core strategies of marking the embedded predicate which can be used in contexts denoting purpose in

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Pilashvili, Elene. "Attributive Clause in Georgian Language." Linguistics and Culture Review 6 (March 18, 2022): 534–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.21744/lingcure.v6ns2.2175.

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The given article discusses a complex sentence with an attributive clause in Guram Dochanashvili’s novel “The First Garment”. The attributive clause gives a broad explanation about an antecedent in the main clause and a complemetizer that is related to it. Relative pronoun in the attributive clause agrees with the word (antecedent) in number and is declined according to a predicate in the subordinate clause. Attributive clause is related to a declinable word in main clause, such as noun, pronoun or infinitive. Position of subordinate clause is studied with its subordinators and complementizers

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Bayu Pratama, I. Gede Pande, Ni Made Susini, and Anak Agung Gede Suarjaya. "FORMS AND MEANINGS OF ADJUNCTS IN JAMES’ FIFTY SHADES OF FREED." KULTURISTIK: Jurnal Bahasa dan Budaya 2, no. 2 (2018): 162. http://dx.doi.org/10.22225/kulturistik.2.2.753.

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This study is specifically aimed at identifying the forms of adjuncts and the meanings they carry. In order to analyze the data, descriptive-qualitative approach was applied in this research. The data are sentences which contain adverbials functioning as adjuncts and they were taken from a novel entitled Fifty Shades of Freed, written by Erika Leonard Mitchell, also known as E.L. James (2012). They were collected through library research and then presented informally by providing some examples and elaborations. There are some important points that can be concluded based on the results of analy

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Canever, Fernanda, and Ronald Beline Mendes. "Infinitive verbs, verbal agreement and perceived competence / Verbos infinitivos, concordância verbal e competência percebida." REVISTA DE ESTUDOS DA LINGUAGEM 27, no. 4 (2019): 1671. http://dx.doi.org/10.17851/2237-2083.27.4.1671-1700.

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Abstract: This paper examines how competent speakers of Brazilian Portuguese (BP) sound depending on variable number inflection of infinitive verbs (INF). Recent research has shown high rates of inflected infinitives in syntactic contexts in which it is prescriptively optional, such as adverbial clauses (CANEVER, 2012, 2017). According to that work, inflected infinitives also occur in nonstandard contexts, such as complements of auxiliary verbs, which can be taken as cases of hypercorrection. Informed by these findings and given the prestige usually associated with overtly marking verbal agree

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Vanderschueren, Clara. "The use of translations in linguistic argumentation." Languages in Contrast 10, no. 1 (2010): 76–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lic.10.1.04van.

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Despite obvious interference risks, it has been argued in former studies that translations constitute a useful tool for investigating lexical phenomena. By means of a corpus study on prepositional clauses introduced by para in Spanish and Portuguese, the present paper shows that translations can also be a valuable methodological tool for the study of grammatical phenomena in a given language. The results from both a translation and a comparable Portuguese/Spanish and Spanish/Portuguese corpus are shown to converge and reveal that the inflection of the Portuguese infinitive is used to strengthe

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Zhamaletdinova, Elmira. "The trajectory of the “Možno ja X?” construction: variation in speech acts of request in contemporary Russian." Russian Linguistics 46, no. 2 (2022): 133–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11185-022-09265-6.

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AbstractI explore the ongoing language change in which the impersonal modal word možno ‘can, be possible’ takes a personal clause (možno + nom) as its complement instead of the Experiencer in the Dative case (možno + dat) and the infinitival clause in the speech act of request in Contemporary Russian. The corpus-based evidence reveals that the construction možno + dat is gradually being replaced by možno + nom. I discuss various syntactic and pragmatic factors such as verb class, aspect, transitivity and politeness strategies that motivate the choice of a specific modal construction. Methods o

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Fernández-Sánchez, Javier. "Topics at the left edge of infinitive clauses in Spanish and Catalan." Borealis – An International Journal of Hispanic Linguistics 5, no. 2 (2016): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/1.5.2.3852.

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This paper deals with clitic left dislocation (CLLD) in infinitive clauses (IC) in Spanish and Catalan. The goal of this paper is twofold. First, I provide evidence that CLLDed constituents can target the left edge of ICs, contrary to previous claims in the literature (e.g. Ojea 2013). The results should not be surprising, considering that Romance CLLD is not a Main Clause Phenomena (Jiménez-Fernández & Miyagawa 2013, Authier & Haegeman 2015). Second, this sets aside CLLD from other left peripheral fronting operations in these languages, which are systematically unavailable at the left

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Madariaga, Nerea. "Infinitive clauses and dative subjects in Russian." Russian Linguistics 35, no. 3 (2011): 301–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11185-011-9082-y.

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Vydrina, Alexandra. "Dependent clauses and focus particle in Kakabe." Language in Africa 3, no. 4 (2023): 58–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.37892/2686-8946-2022-3-4-58-73.

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The paper deals with the syntax of focalization in Kakabe (Mokole < Western Mande). By default, the argument focus is marked by a specialized particle lè following the focused constituent which remains in situ. To mark the sentence focus, lè usually follows the subject. lè cannot appear inside adverbial and relative subordinate clauses, in infinitive constructions; it cannot follow most of adverbial expressions. At the same time, it can be hosted by adverbs and postpositional phrases of time, manner and place.

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Cardinaletti, Anna, and Ur Shlonsky. "Clitic Positions and Restructuring in Italian." Linguistic Inquiry 35, no. 4 (2004): 519–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/0024389042350523.

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Verbs can be introduced (merged) in either a lexical VP or a functional head, the latter position giving rise to restructuring contexts. We argue that there are two clitic positions in Italian “restructured” clauses: one associated with the (restructured) lexical verb and the other a clausal clitic position located in the functional domain. While restructuring can be recursive, clitics appear either on the restructured infinitive (no clitic climbing) or in the functional domain of the highest verb (full clitic climbing). There is no clitic climbing to an intermediate restructuring verb. We arg

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