Academic literature on the topic 'Infinitive marker'

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Journal articles on the topic "Infinitive marker"

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Faarlund, Jan Terje. "Parameterization and change in non-finite complementation." Diachronica 24, no. 1 (2007): 57–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/dia.24.1.04faa.

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Through the history of Nordic and Norwegian, the infinitive marker has undergone several syntactic and phonological changes. This article discusses the syntactic changes in terms of functionalist and generativist grammaticalization theory. The article starts with a brief review of the origin and use of the infinitive marker in Germanic, followed by a presentation of the syntactic characteristics of infinitive constructions in Old Norse, where the author offers arguments in support of analyzing the infinitive marker as a complementizer word. In Middle and Early Modern Norwegian, the infinitive
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Fischer, Olga. "The Distinction Between To and Bare Infinitival Complements in Late Middle English." Diachronica 12, no. 1 (1995): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/dia.12.1.02fis.

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SUMMARY The aim of this paper is to investigate the difference in usage between the bare or zero infinitive and the marked or (for) to infinitive in late Middle English. It has been generally recognised that grammatical function plays an important role here, but it does not explain the variation in infinitive marking when the infinitive functions as a verbal complement. According to most historical linguists of English, the choice of marker here is lexically determined (and therefore syntactically arbitrary), or influenced, in the case of poetry, by metrical considerations. This study is part
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Endresen, Rolf Theil. "Norwegian og and å – a Cognitive View." Nordic Journal of Linguistics 18, no. 2 (1995): 201–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0332586500000160.

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Written Norwegian has two words, the co-ordinating conjunction og and the infinitive marker å, both of which are pronounced [o] in Spoken Norwegian. In this paper, an attempt is made to show that [o] in Spoken Norwegian constitutes a single polysemous word. Furthermore, it is argued that Spoken Norwegian [o], in all its usages and meanings, is a descendant of Old Norse ok “and”, while the Old Norse infinitive marker at has not survived in Spoken Norwegian.
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Charles-Luce, Jan. "Comparison in Bambara an infinitival verb phrase." Studies in African Linguistics 17, no. 2 (1986): 199–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/sal.v17i2.107488.

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An infinitival verb phrase is generated to express comparison in Bambara. In particular, the comparative verb INFINITIVE MARKER + INTRANSITIVE phrase has the structure: VERB + NP + POSTPOSITION. The structural constraints on the comparative verb phrase are not specific to comparison, but are the more general constraints resulting from concatenating verb phrases. However, a special structural and pragmatic relation is established between the head clause and the comparative infinitival verb phrase. This relation has consequences for the structure of the NP in the comparative phrase and for delet
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Susylowati, Eka. "ASPEKTUALITAS DALAM NOVEL THE GREAT GATSBY OLEH F. SCOTT FITZGERALD." PRASASTI: Journal of Linguistics 4, no. 1 (2019): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/prasasti.v4i1.28848.

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<p><em>This research aims to reveal the form and marker of aspectuality in The Great Gatsby novel written by F. Scott Fitzgerald. The data in this study are written data in the form of words, clauses, and sentences in the novel The Great Gatsby. It was written by F. Scott Fitzgerald consists of three forms of aspectuality namely perfective / completed, progressive, and repetitive / habitual. The aspect that is often used is perfective / completed aspiration. Aspectuality markers used including perfective aspect characterized by past verb or had + past participle verb, while progres
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Calle-Martin, Javier. "The Split Infinitive in Middle English." NOWELE / North-Western European Language Evolution 68, no. 2 (2015): 227–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/nowele.68.2.05cal.

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A split infinitive construction denotes a type of syntactic tmesis in which a word or a phrase, especially an adverb, occurs between the infinitive marker to and the verb. The early instances of the split infinitive in English date back to the 13th century, when a personal pronoun, an adverb or two or more words could appear in such environments (Visser 1963-1973 II: 1038-1045). This paper investigates the split infinitive in Middle English with the following objectives: a) to trace the origin and development of the construction; b) to analyse the nature of the splitting adverb in terms of its
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Paradis, Johanne, and Martha Crago. "Tense and Temporality." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 43, no. 4 (2000): 834–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jslhr.4304.834.

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This study compares the morphosyntax of children with SLI to the morphosyntax of children acquiring a second language (L2) to determine whether the optional infinitive phenomenon (M. Rice, K. Wexler, & P. Cleave, 1995; K. Wexler, 1994) is evident in both learner groups and to what extent cross-learner similarities exist. We analyzed spontaneous production data from French-speaking children with SLI, English-speaking L2 learners of French, and French-speaking controls, all approximately 7 years old. We examined the children's use of tense morphology, temporal adverbials, agreement morpholog
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Pappas, Panayiotis A. "The microcosm of a morphological change." Diachronica 18, no. 1 (2001): 59–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/dia.18.1.05pap.

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Summary In Modern Greek the particle tha is used both as a marker of futurity (tha + present indicative) and a marker of conditionality (tha + imperfective past). The history of the former use (starting with thelō + infinitive) has been well researched, but the history of tha as a counterfactual marker (starting with ēthela + infinitive) has been unexamined, with some researchers assuming that the two developments are parallel. This assumption is challenged here. A close examination of Early Modern Greek vernacular texts reveals that there was strong competition among several constructions for
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Pat-El, Na'ama. "The Origin of the Official Aramaic Quotative Marker l'mr." Aramaic Studies 7, no. 1 (2009): 27–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/147783509x12462819875391.

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Abstract In Official Aramaic, l'mr, the old infinitive of the verb √'mr, became the main form capable of introducing direct speech, even when there is another verbum dicendi present. The origin of the pattern has been the subject of several studies and has been assumed to be either an Aramaic innovation or a loan from Biblical Hebrew. An examination of the distribution and syntax of the form shows that it cannot be an Aramaic innovation and is highly unlikely to be borrowed from Hebrew. It is further suggested that the pattern is an Egyptian calque.
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Mulder, Walter De. "En voie de." Revue Romane / Langue et littérature. International Journal of Romance Languages and Literatures 54, no. 1 (2019): 39–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/rro.00015.dem.

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Abstract This contribution presents a comparison of the French prepositional expressions en voie de on the one hand and en route / en chemin (pour) on the other. We aim to show that être en route and être en chemin can be used as complex predicates resulting from a lexicalisation process, whereas être en voie de has been transformed into a marker of grammatical aspect as a consequence of a grammaticalization process. We then propose that the different evolution of both expressions can be explained by the fact that voie had already in Old French a more abstract meaning than chemin and route, wh
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Infinitive marker"

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Kalm, Mikael. "Satsekvivalenta infinitivfraser i svenskan : En synkron och diakron undersökning." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för nordiska språk, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-305351.

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This thesis investigates control infinitives and ECM-infinitives in the history of Swedish. Both constructions are non-finite, based on infinitives with or without complements, but share some properties and functions with finite subordinate clauses. Control infinitives (to-infinitives) are headed by the infinitive marker att (which in some cases may be omitted) and have invisible PRO-subjects (“controlled” by, i.e. co-referential with, the subject or object of the matrix), whereas ECM-infinitives are headed by overt subjects, distinguished by their “exceptional case marking” (ECM) from the mat
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Hernon, Hiatt K. "INFINITE JEST 2." Ohio University Honors Tutorial College / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ouhonors1526633419508737.

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Brütsch, Benedikt Verfasser], Wolfgang [Akademischer Betreuer] Thomas, Nicolas [Akademischer Betreuer] Markey, and Martin [Akademischer Betreuer] [Grohe. "Strategies in infinite games : structured reactive programs and transducers over infinite alphabets / Benedikt Brütsch ; Wolfgang Thomas, Nicolas Markey, Martin Grohe." Aachen : Universitätsbibliothek der RWTH Aachen, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1221373315/34.

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Brütsch, Benedikt [Verfasser], Wolfgang Akademischer Betreuer] Thomas, Nicolas [Akademischer Betreuer] Markey, and Martin [Akademischer Betreuer] [Grohe. "Strategies in infinite games : structured reactive programs and transducers over infinite alphabets / Benedikt Brütsch ; Wolfgang Thomas, Nicolas Markey, Martin Grohe." Aachen : Universitätsbibliothek der RWTH Aachen, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1221373315/34.

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Corker, Lloyd A. "A test for Non-Gaussian distributions on the Johannesburg stock exchange and its implications on forecasting models based on historical growth rates." University of Western Cape, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7447.

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Masters of Commerce<br>If share price fluctuations follow a simple random walk then it implies that forecasting models based on historical growth rates have little ability to forecast acceptable share price movements over a certain period. The simple random walk description of share price dynamics is obtained when a large number of investors have equal probability to buy or sell based on their own opinion. This simple random walk description of the stock market is in essence the Efficient Market Hypothesis, EMT. EMT is the central concept around which financial modelling is based which include
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Ounaies, Senda. "Optimal investment in friction markets and equilibrium theory with unbounded attainable sets." Thesis, Paris 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA01E022/document.

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Cette thèse traite des phénomènes liés aux mathématiques financières et économiques. Elle est composée de deux sujets de recherche indépendants. La première partie est consacrée à deux contributions au problème de Merton. Pour commencer, nous étudions le problème de l’investissement optimal et de la consommation de Merton dans le cas de marchés discrets dans un horizon infini. Nous supposons qu’il y a des frictions sur les marchés en raison de la perte due aux échanges financières. Ces frictions sont modélisées par des fonctions de pénalités non linéaires où les modèles classiques de coût de t
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Books on the topic "Infinitive marker"

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Malyshev, V. A. Linear infinite-particle operators. American Mathematical Society, 1995.

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Joselit, David. Infinite regress: Marcel Duchamp, 1910-1941. MIT Press, 1998.

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Koli︠a︡da, S. F. Dynamics and numbers: A special program, June 1-July 31, 2014, Max Planck Institute for Mathematics, Bonn, Germany : international conference, July 21-25, 2014, Max Planck Institute for Mathematics, Bonn, Germany. Edited by Max-Planck-Institut für Mathematik. American Mathematical Society, 2016.

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Joselit, David. Infinite Regress: Marcel Duchamp 1910-1941 (October Books). The MIT Press, 2001.

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Laughren, Mary. The Ergative in Warlpiri: A Case Study. Edited by Jessica Coon, Diane Massam, and Lisa Demena Travis. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198739371.013.39.

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The DP subject of a Warlpiri finite clause containing verbs of a certain class is marked with the ergative suffix whereas other DP subjects are morphologically unmarked. This chapter examines the wider distribution in Warlpiri of the ergative morpheme and the varied functions of ergative-marked DPs in both finite and non-finite clauses. Particular focus is on the relationship between the subject-marking and instrument adjunct-marking role of the ergative suffix. Unlike finite transitive clauses in which both an agent subject and an instrument adjunct are marked ergative, in non-finite clauses
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Schifano, Norma. Other Romance varieties. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198804642.003.0003.

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Chapter 3 extends the investigation of verb placement to other Romance varieties, in order to expand the macro- and micro-typologies identified in Chapter 2. It starts with a description of the placement of the present indicative verb across a selection of varieties of French, Romanian, Spanish, Catalan, European Portuguese, and Brazilian Portuguese. Following the methodology of Chapter 2, the remainder of the discussion is devoted to the description of cases of microvariation attested across the varieties above, which emerge once a selection of structural and interpretative distinctions are c
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Schifano, Norma. Microvariation. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198804642.003.0005.

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Chapter 5 investigates Spanish and Romanian marked orderings of verbs and adverbs, as well as the microvariation in verb placement emerging from the investigation of variously TAM-specified lexical vs functional and finite vs non-finite forms. First, the pragmatically marked orders of Romanian and Spanish present indicative verbs are considered. Second, the placements of the perfective auxiliary ‘have’ and of the active past participle are analysed and it is shown that the attested variation can be subsumed under the same licensing principle responsible for default movement. Subsequently, a un
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Schifano, Norma. Romance varieties of the Italian peninsula. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198804642.003.0002.

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Chapter 2 investigates the differing patterns of verb placement attested across a selection of varieties of the Italian peninsula. After a description of the placement of the present indicative verb in the northern, central, and southern regional varieties of Italian, as well as in a selection of northern, central, upper southern, extreme southern, and Sardinian dialects, a macro-typology of verb placement in the Italian peninsula is drawn. The rest of the chapter is devoted to the description of the microvariation attested across the above varieties which emerges once different verb typologie
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Jędrzejowski, Łukasz. On the grammaticalization of temporal–aspectual heads: The case of German versprechen ‘promise’. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198747840.003.0016.

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This chapter deals with the origin and the development of the functional use of the predicate versprechen ‘promise’ in the history of German. Synchronically, it illustrates that versprechen can be used in two different ways in Present-Day German: either as a lexical verbal head or as a functional verbal head. It also demonstrates to what extent these uses differ and accounts for where these differences come from. Diachronically, it shows that versprechen grammaticalized into a prospective aspect marker in Early New High German (1350–1650), and illustrates that grammaticalization is upward and
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Basu, Sanjay. Modeling Health Interventions. Edited by Sanjay Basu. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190667924.003.0005.

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This chapter examines one of the most common and useful ways to understand complex public health and healthcare interventions: the Markov model. A Markov model is a representation of health or disease that expands well beyond the simple queuing model created in Chapter 4. In this chapter, the author uses Markov models to expand analysis to many more possible states, such as multiple stages of disease, to identify how effective or cost-effective our public health and healthcare programs might be. Markov models are highly flexible and allow for an infinite variety of diseases or interventions to
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Book chapters on the topic "Infinitive marker"

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Börjars, Kersti, and Kate Burridge. "From preposition to purposive to infinitival marker." In Studies in Language Companion Series. John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/slcs.123.15bor.

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Hernández-Lerma, Onésimo, and Jean Bernard Lasserre. "Infinite-Horizon Discounted-Cost Problems." In Discrete-Time Markov Control Processes. Springer New York, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-0729-0_4.

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Halava, Vesa, and Tero Harju. "Infinite Solutions of Marked Post Correspondence Problem." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-45711-9_4.

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Beukema, Frits, and Marcel den Dikken. "The Position of the Infinitival Marker in the Germanic Languages." In Sentential Complementation and the Lexicon, edited by Dany Jaspers, Yvan Putseys, Wim Klooster, and Pieter Seuren. De Gruyter, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110878479-006.

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Heyman, Daniel P. "Approximating the Stationary Distribution of an Infinite Stochastic Matrix." In Numerical Solution of Markov Chains. CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003210160-36.

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Courtois, Pierre-Jacques, and Pierre Semal. "Bounds for Transient Characteristics of Large or Infinite Markov Chains." In Numerical Solution of Markov Chains. CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003210160-22.

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Latouche, Guy. "Algorithms for Infinite Markov Chains with Repeating Columns." In Linear Algebra, Markov Chains, and Queueing Models. Springer New York, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-8351-2_15.

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Page, Frank H. "Market games with differential information and infinite dimensional commodity spaces: the core." In Studies in Economic Theory. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-26979-7_7.

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Walrand, Jean. "Route Planning: A." In Probability in Electrical Engineering and Computer Science. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49995-2_13.

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AbstractThis chapter is concerned with making successive decisions in the presence of uncertainty. The decisions affect the cost at each step but also the “state” of the system. We start with a simple example: choosing a route with uncertain travel times. We then examine a more general model: controlling a Markov chain.Section 13.1 presents a model of route section when the travel times are random. Section 13.2 shows one formulation where one plans the trip long in advance. Section 13.3 explains how the problem changes if one is able to adjust the route based on real-time information. That section introduces the main ideas of stochastic dynamic programming. Section 13.4 discusses a generalization of the route planning problem: a Markov decision problem. Section 13.5 solves the problem when the horizon is infinite.
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Powers, Lisa J., Johanna Nešlehová, and David A. Stephens. "Pricing American Options in an Infinite Activity Lévy Market: Monte Carlo and Deterministic Approaches Using a Diffusion Approximation." In Springer Proceedings in Mathematics. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-25746-9_9.

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Conference papers on the topic "Infinitive marker"

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Todorov, Marcos G., and Marcelo D. Fragoso. "Infinite Markov Jump Bounded Real Lemma." In 2007 American Control Conference. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/acc.2007.4282217.

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Nakano, Masahiro, Jonathan Le Roux, Hirokazu Kameoka, Tomohiko Nakamura, Nobutaka Ono, and Shigeki Sagayama. "Bayesian nonparametric spectrogram modeling based on infinite factorial infinite hidden Markov model." In 2011 IEEE Workshop on Applications of Signal Processing to Audio and Acoustics (WASPAA). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aspaa.2011.6082324.

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Chatzis, Sotirios P., and Gabriel Tsechpenakis. "The infinite Hidden Markov random field model." In 2009 IEEE 12th International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccv.2009.5459177.

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Song, Andrew H., Leon Chlon, Hugo Soulat, et al. "Multitaper Infinite Hidden Markov Model for EEG." In 2019 41st Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society (EMBC). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/embc.2019.8856817.

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Van Gael, Jurgen, Yunus Saatci, Yee Whye Teh, and Zoubin Ghahramani. "Beam sampling for the infinite hidden Markov model." In the 25th international conference. ACM Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1390156.1390293.

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Leizarowitz, Arie. "Infinite horizon optimization for finite state Markov chain." In 26th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control. IEEE, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cdc.1987.272947.

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Liu, Yueying, and Ting Hou. "$H_{2}/H_{\infty}$ Control for Continuous-Time Infinite Markov Jump Systems: Infinite Horizon Case." In 2018 IEEE 8th Annual International Conference on CYBER Technology in Automation, Control, and Intelligent Systems (CYBER). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cyber.2018.8688084.

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Abdulla, Parosh Aziz. "Infinite-State Verification: From Transition Systems to Markov Chains." In 2009 Sixth International Conference on the Quantitative Evaluation of Systems (QEST). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/qest.2009.16.

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Calderone, Dan, and S. Shankar. "Infinite-horizon average-cost Markov decision process routing games." In 2017 IEEE 20th International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/itsc.2017.8317849.

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He, Zhou, Zhiwu Li, Isabel Demongodin, and Alessandro Giua. "Marking optimization of deterministic timed weighted marked graphs under infinite server semantics." In 2016 International Conference on Control, Decision and Information Technologies (CoDIT). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/codit.2016.7593525.

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