Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Inflammation médiateur'
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Grbic, Djordje. "Le récepteur PDY[indice inférieur 6] : un médiateur important de l'inflammation intestinale." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6236.
Full textPépin, Marion. "Caractérisation de nouveaux médiateurs entre cancer, inflammation et thrombose : ADAMTS13, PSGL-1 et Siglec-5." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS571/document.
Full textCancer and thrombosis are frequent and serious concerns in human pathology and public health. This conditions are known to share closed relationships, and reciprocal promotion involving cellular interactions and complex molecular mechanisms. Molecular pathways often involve hemostasis or immunity actors and participate in inflammation process, which can be either cause or consequence. Improved knowledge on molecular mediators at the crossroads of hemostasis and inflammation may allow best understanding of these mechanisms and improving therapeutic management.Thus, we studied Willebrand factor / ADAMTS13 couple : a key protein in hemostasis whose rate is influenced by inflammatory processes and its regulatory protease. This study in cancer patients shows that Willebrand factor and ADAMTS13 could be used as biomarkers to predict individual thrombosis risk and thus improve therapeutic management. Precise role of this proteins in cancer-mediated thrombosis remain unexplored.Furthermore, we hypothesized an interaction between two leukocyte receptors : PSGL-1(P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1) and Siglec-5. Leukocytes, especially neutrophils are recruited to inflammation sites after a key step of rolling along vasculature. PSGL-1 expressed on the majority of leukocytes is P-selectin ligand and plays a major role in leukocyte rolling. PSGL-1 has a structure rich in sialic acids. Siglec-5 is an immunoglobulin-like receptor and binds sialic acids. Thus, we described and characterized the interaction between these two proteins, and studied its role in leukocyte rolling in vitro and in vivo. Before considering any application, the modalities of this interaction should further analyzed (binding site, etc. ...) and its effect in other mechanism involving PSGL-1/P-selectin interaction like thrombus formation
Jean, Stéphanie. "Modulation de l'activité des neutrophiles humains par la prostaglandine E₂ glycérylester." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/23020.
Full textEven though the anti-inflammatory impact of cannabis and its less or more purified extracts are well characterised, the functions of the main endocannabinoids (2-arachidonoyl-glycerol and arachidonyl-ethanolamide) in the regulation of inflammation are still intriguing. In fact, endocannabinoids exert pro- and anti-inflammatory effects which are, in part, explained by their complex metabolism. For example, 2-arachidonoyl-glycerol and arachidonyl-ethanolamide can both be oxidized by the cyclooxygenase-2 enzyme into prostanglandin E2-glycerylester and –ethanolamide respectively, whose effects on neutrophils are still unknown. Since neutrophils functions are affected by prostaglandin E2, we wanted to test the impacts of prostanglandin E2-glycerolester and prostanglandin E2-ethanolamide on neutrophil functions. The present study shows that, unlike prostanglandin E2-ethanolamide, prostanglandin E2-glycerolester inhibits human neutrophils functions. This inhibition is caused by the activation of EP2 and EP4 receptors and the subsequent activation of cyclic AMP-dependant protein kinase.
Tomkiewicz, Céline. "Régulation de l'expression des gènes des transaminases par les médicaments et les médiateurs de l' inflammation." Paris 5, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA05P630.
Full textJanelle, Marie‐Ève. "Rôles des médiateurs lipidiques de l'inflammation dans la tumorigènèse associée au virus humain herpès-8." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/24706.
Full textLabrecque, Jennifer. "Dysfonction des tissus adipeux : médiateurs inflammatoires et effets de la chirurgie bariatrique." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/36968.
Full textObesity is an important risk factor of metabolic and cardiovascular disease development. Under a positive energy imbalance, inadequate adipose tissue remodeling appears to play a determinant role in the onset of cardiometabolic alterations associated with excess fat mass. Adipose tissue dysfunction, related to this pathological remodeling, is characterized by altered fat storage capacity (altered capacity to generate new adipocytes/altered adipogenesis, adipocyte hypertrophy, excessive accumulation of visceral fat), increased number of immune cells infiltrating adipose tissue and oversecretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The overall objective of this master’s thesis was to examine modulators of adipose tissue dysfunction, such as IL-1β, prostaglandin-synthesizing enzymes and bariatric surgery. To achieve this objective, we first examined the impact of IL-1βand prostaglandin-synthesizing enzymes (COX-2 and AKR1B1) on markers related to inflammation and adipogenesis in human omental and subcutaneous adipose tissue samples. We also reviewed available literature documenting the impact of surgery-induced weight loss on macrophage infiltration and on the secretion of a broad spectrum of anti-or pro-inflammatory mediators. Our results show that IL-1β induces a pro-inflammatory response in human adipose tissues, particularly in visceral fat, and acts independently of concomitant prostaglandin release. IL-1β and COX-2 also appear to be critical determinants of adipose tissue pathophysiologic remodeling in obesity, in negatively modulating adipogenesis. Furthermore, reports generally show that bariatric surgery reverses both macrophage infiltration and the altered secretory profile observed in the adipose tissue of patients with obesity. In conclusion, we demonstrated that IL-1β and COX-2could be implicated in the development of adipose tissue dysfunction, although data enable us to describe bariatric surgery as a successful anti-inflammatory strategy, which could partly reverse abdominal adipose tissue dysfunction.
Burelout, Chantal. "Étude de l'effet inhibiteur des prostaglandines E2 sur l'activation du neutrophile humain : caractérisation du mécanisme de signalisation." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24352/24352.pdf.
Full textGras, Delphine. "Inflammation et réparation bronchique dans l'asthme sévère : mécanismes de régulation par des médiateurs pro et anti-inflammatoires." Montpellier 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON1T032.
Full textPais, Raluca. "L’inflammation hépatique dans les formes sévères de NAFLD : implications cliniques, médiateurs et stratégies diagnostiques." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066223/document.
Full textThe aim of this work was to analyze the role of chronic systemic inflammation into the natural history of NAFLD. We first undertook a study of NAFLD patients with repeat liver biopsies and demonstrated that mild lobular or portal inflammation or fibrosis in any location substantially increases the risk of progression to steatohepatitis or advanced fibrosis. Disease progression occurred concomitant with worsening of the metabolic conditions during follow-up. In the second study, we analyzed the prevalence and the impact of steatosis and metabolic risk factors on the risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis undergoing liver transplantation. The main finding of this study was that patients with advanced ALD have a high prevalence of NAFLD, and that this comorbid association confers a significantly increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma. These findings are important for risk stratification of HCC in patients with ALD. In the third study we demonstrated that steatosis predicted carotid atherosclerosis independently of the association with classical cardiovascular risk factors. Second, in a subset of patients with longitudinal follow-up we demonstrated that baseline NAFLD was an independent predictor for incident carotid plaques. These results suggest that NAFLD is not only a marker but also an “active player” in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. In conclusion, our results suggests that low-grade chronic inflammation responsible for the production of pro-atherogenic cytokines and the activation of pro-oncogenic signaling pathways might be the link between liver fibrosis progression, hepatocellular carcinoma and cardiovascular risk
Cazalis, Julia. "Modèle ex-vivo de sang complet : propriétés immunomodulatrices des tétracyclines et différence de réponse entre patients atteints de parodontite et sujets sains." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26275/26275.pdf.
Full textAnceriz, Nadia. "Le rôle des protéines S100 dans la migration des neutrophiles au site inflammatoire." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25364/25364.pdf.
Full textInflammation is one of the body’s defence mechanisms. In some cases, this reaction can be detrimental to the host it is supposed to protect. It is thus important to understand the origin of such reactions in order to find solutions. A key step of inflammatory reactions is leukocyte migration from blood to the injured area. Among leukocytes, neutrophils are the first to reach the inflammatory site. In addition to their role as the body’s first line of defence, neutrophils also help orchestrate the immune response through the release of inflammatory mediators. The neutrophils are a major reservoir of S100A8, S100A9, and S100A12 proteins. In the past 20 years, these proteins have been increasingly associated with various infectious and inflammatory diseases as they were detected at high concentrations in the serum of patients suffering from arthritis, inflammatory bowel diseases and tuberculosis to name a few. Moreover, they were shown to be sensitive markers of these diseases’ activity. Some studies have indicated that these proteins are secreted in inflammatory conditions and that they have pro-inflammatory activities in the extracellular space. Specifically, they were associated with leukocyte migration. However, the precise mechanisms through which these proteins affect the inflammatory response remain to be elucidated. In this work, we investigated the roles of S100 proteins in neutrophil transendothelial and tissue migration. We observed that S100A9 protein increased neutrophil adhesion to the endothelium and fibronectin by activating β2 integrins which led to the stimulation of cell migration to the inflammatory site in in vitro models. This work provided insight on the roles of S100 proteins in inflammation and more specifically in neutrophil migration. As these proteins represent potential therapeutic targets, it remains important to further understand their roles in inflammatory conditions.
Pernas, Pierre. "Contribution à l'étude des propriétés enzymatiques et des fonctions cellulaires de la phospholipase A2." Compiègne, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992COMPD483.
Full textMarchal, Claire. "Inflammation cutanée et borréliose de Lyme : rôle de l'immunité innée et de la tique dans la transmission à l'homme de Borrelia burgdorferi." Strasbourg, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009STRA6198.
Full textLyme disease is an arthropod borne disease transmitted by a hard tick, Ixodes spp. , and caused by a spirochetal bacteria Borrelia burgdorferi. It is a zoonotic organism that occurs between an arthropod, the tick and a vertebrate host. The disease prevails mainly in the Northern hemisphere. Infection by this organism induces multiple and varied symptoms : articular, neurologic, cutaneous and cardiatis attacks. The tick Ixodes is a hemotaphagous arthropod that had to attach during 4 to 8 days on the vertebrate host in order to feed to repletion. To secure the attachment and susceptibility of reservoir hosts for future tick infestations, the vector inject saliva which possesses not only pharmacologic properties but immunomodulatory too. Among these tick saliva proteins, Salp15 is a major immunomodulatory protein of I. Scapularis. It inhibits T lymphocyte activation by biding to the CD4 co-receptor, and inhibits adaptive immune responses by suppressing human dendritic cell functions. In addition, Salp15 binds to B. Burgdorferi outer surface protein (Osp) C and protect the bacteria against host antibodies. In vector-borne diseases, the interface skin has a very important role. We therefore analyzed the role of resident cells of the skin: the keratinocytes (KCs) and fibroblasts (FBs) in inflammation. Innate immunity induced skin antimicrobial peptides (PAMs) that kill a wide range of pathogens which have chemotactic and angiogenic activities. We have demonstrated that KCs incubated in vitro with B. Burgdorferi induce an inflammatory response (chemokine and PAMs). We then studied the effect of immunosuppressive potential of extracts of salivary glands and protein tick, Salp15 of I. Ricinus. We found that they inhibit the inflammatory response with effect anti-alarmin. This immunosuppressive effect could facilitate the transmission and propagation of Borrelia. Then, we studied the role of FBs, skin cells in Lyme borreliosis. We have shown that Borrelia induces the expression of some metalloproteinases (MMPs), during the cooperation between KCs and FBs. The bacteria may then migrate through the ECM of the skin and spread. Finally we studied the interaction of KCs with different species of B. Burgdorferi : B. Garinii, B. Burgdorferi ss and B. Afzelii or different strains to study the possible role of the skin in organ specimens of Borrelia
Kern, Aurélie. "Inflammation cutanée lors de la transmission vectorielle de la borreliose de Lyme : étude sur modèle murin." Strasbourg, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011STRA6157.
Full textLyme disease, is an infectious disorder caused by a tick-transmitted bacteria : Borrelia burgdorferi. The skin constitutes an essential interface in this arthropod borne disease. Indeed, the primary manifestation is a cutaneous inflammation, the erythema migrans. Dissemination of spirochetes from the site of inoculation can lead to other manifestations typically involving the skin, heart, joints or central nervous system. Mechanisms responsible of this specific dissemination are not known. In this project we focused on the cutaneous innate immune response during Lyme disease transmission. Part of skin innate immunity is constituted by the secretion of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), cytokines and chemokines. We developed two experimental strategies. In vitro to measure the specific response from skin resident cells: keratinocytes. In vivo we challenged C3H/HeN mice with spirochetes from B. Burgdoferi sensu stricto strains initially isolated from human clinical manifestation. In conclusion, we propose that tick saliva has a property not previously described : an anti-alarmin effect. Tick saliva is an essential actor in the pathogenesis of skin inflammation. Furthermore, we showed a clear difference in the skin innate immunity according to the strain tested. The skin by its immunity and the specificity of its different resident cells likely plays a major role in the development of Borrelia infection in the vertebrate host. There, an intense bacterial multiplication occurs. Some specific factors of both, the bacteria (like OspC and BBK32) and the host (like AMPs and MCP-1), display a sophisticated interaction that likely further orientate the bacterium in the rest of the body
Pagès, Gilles. "Clonage et séquençage de trois gènes de la famille des inhibiteurs de protéases à sérine : leur régulation par l'hormone de croissance et les médiateurs de l'inflammation." Nice, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990NICE4356.
Full textBons-Sicard, Catherine. "Contribution à l'étude de la localisation et du dosage de médiateurs de l'inflammation au sein de la muqueuse gingivale humaine saine et pathologique (prostaglandines, leucotriène, thromboxane, interleukine et adénosine)." Montpellier 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON12200.
Full textIbrahim, Ayman. "Modulation nutritionnelle de la réponse inflammatoire intestinale par les acides gras polyinsaturés oméga-3 : contribution des cellules endothéliales." Rouen, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ROUES006.
Full textInflammatory bowel diseases are parts of public health priorities in gastroenterology because of their prevalence, their chronicity, their strong impact on the quality of life of patients and their cost. In addition to recent progress in the field of biotherapy, nutritional modulation of intestinal inflammation offer therapeutic possibilities simple, safe and inexpensive. Polyunsaturated fatty acids omega-3 (ω-3) exert anti-inflammatory effects both in vitro and in vivo. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the effects of ω-3 on two experimental models of intestinal inflammation : in vivo and in vitro. The first study evaluated the effectiveness of an original formulation, highly concentrated in plant-derived ω3 (ALA) on a model of colitis induced by TNBS in rats, and clarified the mechanisms of action of ω3. The food was supplemented either with ω3 (ALA) or corn oil (lipid control). The rate of TNFα mRNA and IL-1β was measured by using PCR. The colonic expression of inflammatory mediators was determined by Western blot. The production of PGE2 and LTB4 was measured by ELISA. The study of erythrocyte phospholipids by gas chromatography confirmed the bioavailability and elongation of ALA. ω-3 supplementation exerted beneficial effects on intestinal inflammation with a reduction of macroscopic intestinal damage and the production of inflammatory mediators, and inhibition the activity of NF-kB. The second work evaluated the effect of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), a long chain ω3, on human intestinal microvascular endothelial cells (HIMEC). HIMEC cells were pretreated with DHA or palmitic acid (lipid control) and then stimulated by IL-1β. The expression of adhesion molecules (VCAM-1, ICAM-1), COX-2, TLR, of IkBα, p-JNK and p-P38 was studied by Western blot. The cytokine production was evaluated by ELISA. DHA showed anti-inflammatory effects : Diminution the expression of VCAM-1, COX-2 and TLR-4, reduction the production of PGE2, IL-6 and IL-8. These results suggest a beneficial role of DHA on the endothelial component of intestinal inflammation. The third work evaluated the effects of a formulation rich in ALA on the expression of adhesion molecules and HO-1 in a model of colitis induced by TNBS. The rats were fed a diet supplemented with either ALA or corn oil. Nutritional Intervention by ALA reduced the expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 in this model of colitis but did not alter the expression of HO-1. These results suggest beneficial effects of ALA supplementation on the expression of adhesion molecules in TNBS-induced colitis independently of HO-1. Conclusion : These studies highlight the therapeutic potential of ω3 for the treatment of intestinal inflammation and motivate the development and clinical evaluation of adequate formulation to achieve adequate concentrations in situ and to ensure good complain
Hardy, Isabelle. "Implication du co-activateur d'AP-1 JAB1 lors de l'expression des chimiokines par le macrophage, ainsi que l'étude de ses mécanismes de régulation cellulaire." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24506/24506.pdf.
Full textChabot, Sophie. "Rôle de la protéine A du surfactant dans la régulation de l'interleukine-10 et des phospholipases A2 sécrétées : médiateurs inflammatoires impliqués dans le syndrome de détresse respiratoire aigue͏̈." Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066071.
Full textLaporte, Benoît. "Caractérisations génomique et fonctionnelle des gènes bovins ST6Gal II et fut7 : implications dans la réponse inflammatoire." Limoges, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIMO4020.
Full textBecause of their position at the very end of glycan chains, sialic acids are involved in many types of interactions and physiological functions. Their transfer is catalyzed by a family of enzyme named sialyltransferases. We describe here the molecular cloning and the functional analysis of a second bovine gene encoding a β-galactoside-α2,6-sialyltransférase, bSTGal II. The gene’s shape is very similar to its human and mouse counterparts, and is made of five coding exons. The encoded sialyltransferase use preferentially free oligosaccharides and has a better affinity for LacdiNAc than for LacNAc. BST6Gal II gene expression pattern is quiet restrictive and the gene is mainly expressed in brain, lung, spleen, colon and mammary gland. Among the three identified transcripts, one is found in all the tissues expressing the gene while the two others are brain specific. In addition, we demonstrate that bST6Gal II is upregulated in mammary epithelial cells during an IL-6 treatment. Thus, the gene should be involved in the inflammatory response but this result has to be confirmed in vivo. Concurrently, we have identified the bovine fucosyltransferase that is responsible of the Sialyl-Lewisx biosynthesis. This enzyme, FUT7b, is a strict α1,3-fucosyltransferase that only uses sialylated type II oligosaccharides. The gene presents 80% of identity with its human counterpart and is constituted by two exons. Fut7b is mainly expressed in lymphoid tissues such as thymus and spleen but was also detected in liver and surprisingly in lung. Finally, while the human gene has little polymorphism, we identified in a weak panel of cattles 3 missense SNPs and one of them, located in the catalytic domain coding region, could inactivate the enzyme
Lefebvre, Julie. "Migration transendothéliale des neutrophiles : rôles du leucotriène B₄ et du facteur activateur des plaquettes." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/20990.
Full textHamade, Hussein. "Analyse des mécanismes moléculaires et cellulaires conduisant à une inflammation dans l'intestin et une progression tumorale induits par la perte de la sous-unité d'intégrine Alpha6 chez la souris." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAJ062/document.
Full textWe generated a new mouse model, α6ΔIEC, in which the genetic ablation of α6 integrin from intestinal epithelial cells triggered the development of spontaneous colitis and colorectal cancer. My main goal was to define the mechanisms by which inflamed lesions degenerate into infiltrating adenocarcinomas. Loss of α6 integrin in this model resulted in epithelial barrier damage, enhanced permeability, altered mucus layers, abnormal bacterial segregation, chronic inflammation and tumor development.In order to define the sequence of events and the mechanisms involved at each stage of the disease, from inflamed to tumor lesions, I developed an inducible mouse model, α6ΔIECTAM, in which α6 integrin ablation was induced by tamoxifen treatment. This line recapitulates all aspects of inflammation observed in the α6ΔIEC model, as early as two weeks after tamoxifen treatment. In particular, I tried to define the respective contribution of infection by bacteria and mechanical stress during disease progression
Rossi, Valérie. "Etude de trois gènes codant pour des inhibiteurs de protéases à serine régulés par l'hormone de croissance et les médiateurs de l'inflammation : clonage des gènes, analyse structurale et fonctionnelle des promoteurs." Montpellier 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON20269.
Full textBourgoin, Frédéric. "La contribution du stress oxydatif et de médiateurs inflammatoires dans les complications vasculaires, métaboliques et moléculaires induites chez le rat soumis à une alimentation riche en gras et en sucre, un modèle de résistance à l'insuline." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29180/29180.pdf.
Full textVisceral obesity has been identified as the main cardiovascular disease risk factor that contributes to insulin resistance. Bad eating habits and sedentary lifestyle can contribute to obesity, but can also affect independently and unfavourably the metabolic and vascular insulin actions. The aim of this research project was to determine the impact of a high fat high sucrose diet (HFHS) on endothelial function as well as the establishment of an oxidative stress and inflammatory response in an animal model of dietary-acquired insulin resistance and obesity. Precisely, the objective of chapter 2 was to develop a new animal experimental model, the rat fed with a diet rich in saturated fat and refined sugar, representative of the high-energy diets frequently consumed by a large percentage of North American. The aim of chapter 3 was to determine the effects of a preventive treatment with an antioxidant, tempol, on endothelial function as well as glucoregulatory and hemodynamic actions of insulin in this animal model. The objective of chapter 4 was to study the effects of HFHS diet and tempol on the expression and activity of markers of insulin signalling pathways, oxidative stress and inflammation. We noted that the HFHS diet altered the endothelium-dependent vasodilation, decreased insulin-stimulated glucose transport and insulin sensitivity as well as reduced expression and activation of many insulin signalling pathway proteins. We also identified oxidative stress or inflammatory markers that could contribute to endothelial function degradation and take part in vascular and metabolic complications induced by the HFHS diet, in the rat. We demonstrated that many of those alterations could be avoided, attenuated or prevented by an early intervention aimed at controlling oxidative stress. This research project provided a better understanding of the implication and the link between endothelial NO and the oxidative stress as well as the inflammation induced by a HFHS diet, in an animal model of diet-induced insulin resistance and obesity.
Tillet, Solenne. "Effets de l'inhibition des protéases de la coagulation dans un modèle porcin d'ischémie reperfusion rénale." Thesis, Poitiers, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014POIT1412.
Full textOrgan shortage is a major limitation for transplantation, then since 2005 the use of deceased after cardiac arrest donors (DDAC) became legal in France. However these organs undergo severe ischemia-reperfusion injury, partly due to stasis activated coagulation. Micro-thrombi impair a correct reperfusion of the implanted organ. Conversely activated renal endothelium is the cause of an amplification of coagulation. This leads to increased production of proinflammatory molecules via the PAR (protease-activated receptors) activation by coagulation factors IIa and Xa. In this work we have used a severe in vivo ischemia-reperfusion model and tested the effect of inhibitors of Xa and IIa on the outcome of renal autotransplantation. One of these synthetic molecules was an anti-Xa heparinoid, while the other was acombined of direct anti-IIa + anti-Xa heparinoid. The pre-clinical model included a sequence of warm ischemia followed by a cold storage 24 h at 4°C in UW, mimicking what happens in DDAC. The use of both molecules during peri-preservation was followed by a reduction of fibrosis and inflammation, known to cause long term kidney loss. In an in vitro model, we have shown that beneficial effects of the combined anti IIa-Xa could be the consequence of a reduction in endothelial activation and subsequent inflammation. We conclude that anti Xa, and anti Xa-IIa, use during organ conservation, is beneficial for kidney function and survival and that they may be used as protectors against chronic renal dysfunction
Saint-Auret, Gaëlle. "Identification de la signature moléculaire de C/EBPβ dans la cellule d'hépatome humain Hep3B." Rouen, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ROUES057.
Full textThe liver plays an essential part in complex metabolic regulations which widely contribute to the body homeostasis. Moreover, this organ conducts the qualitative and quantitative changes in the production of specific proteins immediately induced during the acute phase response and allowing a progressive come back to homeostasis. The liver-enriched transcription factor CCAAT enhancer-binding protein beta (C/EBPβ) is widely involved in these processes, but its precise the role isnot still defined. Conflicting studies have described contradictory functions for this transcription factor which could be explained by the complex mechanisms regulating the C/EBPβ activity. Indeed, C/EBPβ encodes an intronless gene that generates a single mRNA that is alternatively translated into two major isoforms : an active LAP (liver-enriched activator protein) and a dominant negative LIP (liver-enriched inhibitory protein). Today, few studies have really taken into account the present isoform. In order to better understand the precise role of each isoform, we first engineered the Hep3B human hepatoma cell line with a Tet-off inducible LAP or LIP isoform. The antagonistic role of the both isoforms in C/EBPβ target-genes transcription has been used as a strategy to better define the C/EBPβ-regulated genes. Then, the identity and the transcription (direct or indirect) of all these target-genes were determined by two functional genomic approaches : the transcriptome analysis by cDNA arrays and the chromatine immunoprecipitation on chip (ChIP on chip). Using a cDNA microarray which provides a complete coverage of the liver transcriptome, we identified 676 genes inversely regulated by LAP and LIP in the Hep3B hepatoma line. The analysis of the biological functions regulated by these genes brought into the flore an induction by LAP and a repression by LIP of several pathways including hepatic metabolism (fat, detoxification), transcription, translation, apoptosis and regulation of the cell proliferation. Moreover, the ChIP on chip study allowed the identification of 38 C/EBPβ new direct targets. According to the data resulting from the transcriptome analysis, several functional studies have been carried out. They allowed us to prove, for the first time, that LAP was, not only able to suppress the cell proliferation in the absence of RB and P53, but that this isoform also increased the staurosporine-induced apoptosis in Hep3B cells while LIP had a protector effect. Furthermore, the Hep3B cells expressing LAP or LIP have been stimulated by a conditioned medium rich in proinflammatory cytokines in order to mimic the hepatic response to the acute phrase of inflammation. In this experimental context, and still by transcriptome analysis, we brought into the fore a group of 77 genes regulated by LAP and LIP which interestingly seem to be involved during the acute phrase response. To conclude, our original approach characterized by the identification of genes inversely regulated by LAP and LIP allowed us to better understand how these two isoforms of C/EBPβ manage several physiological and pathological liver processes
Rodriguez-Brotons, Aida. "Amélioration de la viabilité des îlots pancréatiques dans le pancréas bioartificiel." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAJ013/document.
Full textIslet transplantation is considered as promising therapy for brittle type 1 diabetes. However, the use of immunosuppressive regimen and the lack of donor prevent the expansion of the therapy to other diabetic patients. In order to address these two issues, the strategy developed for the two last decades is the bioartificial pancreas. It consists in the immune-isolation of the graft in an artificial envelop, protecting at the same time the graft, from the immune-system, and the host, from the graft. In principle, the transplanted islets or surrogate insulin secreting cells are not in contact with the immune system and no immunosuppressive drugs are needed. The objective of this work was to identify the markers of islet death/survival mimicking MAILPAN® conditions, a bioartificial pancreas developed by Defymed and study different molecules which can improve islet survival.We demonstrated that bioartificial environment induced confinement and hypoxia which triggers cellular distress causing early islet loss. We identified several targets to improve viability and function such as oxygen carriers or anti-inflammatory drugs. The highest the number of islets in the MAILPAN® was, the most deleterious effects in islet survival and functionality were observed. As a consequence, we tested different molecules implicated in hypoxia and inflammation pathway to improve islet survival and restore islet functionality in a hypoxic and confined environment (600IEQ/cm²). The addition of HEMOXCell®, a novel oxygen carrier, and tat-CREB peptide have been shown to restore islets functionality and decrease hypoxia and inflammation levels after 24 hours in culture. Thus, these data provide new inputs for the design of a culture medium dedicated for cell encapsulation
Mauffray, Marion. "Influence du facteur neurotrophique Neurturine dans les cellules nerveuses et immunitaires lors de l'inflammation des voies respiratoires." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAJ069/document.
Full textAllergic asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease in response to allergens and environmental irritants. The pathophysiology of asthma is defined by airway inflammation and airway hyperreactivity. Interestingly, it has been shown that there is a link between neurogenic and immune airway inflammation. Moreover studies suggest that neurotrophic factors participate in the pathogenesis of many features and symptoms of asthma.Neurturin (NTN) is a neurotrophic factor which could be involved in the modulation of many symptoms of asthma through the GDNF family receptor alpha 2 (GFRalpha2) and the proto-oncogene RET co-receptor. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. By studying WT and NTN-/- mice after acute and chronic airway inflammation protocols induced by the allergens ovalbumin or house dust mite, we investigated how NTN is able to modulate the level of Th2 responses through neurogenic inflammation and immune cells’ regulation. We analysed its relationship with structural airway remodelling and we also tested the potential anti-inflammatory role of NTN in vitro.The achievements suggest that Neurturin acts in vivo and in vitro as an anti-inflammatory mediator
Radwani, Houda. "Modulation de la transmission nociceptive par les récepteurs métabotropiques du glutamate de groupe I et les canaux calciques de type L dans la moelle épinière : approche électrophysiologique in vivo." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0383/document.
Full textPain is an unpleasant experience which is part of our lives. When it does not last long time, it is often a warning sign for our organism. However unfortunately, in some pathological cases, it can last a long time, and become chronic, intolerable, and requires a treatment that is not always enough to relieve the patient, a treatment that has limited efficacy with significant undesirable side effects. It is important now to ameliorate our knowledge about the mechanisms implicated in pain transmission to develop new therapeutic tools. In this context, many studies conducted in recent years in our laboratory have indicated that the neurons in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord express intrinsic amplification properties of afferents input rely on calcium currents via the L type calcium channels. For that, the role of L type calcium channels and especially the role exact of each canal: Cav1.2 and Cav1.3, the two only iso-forms of L channels expressed in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord, in the painful sensitization has been studied in the first part of this present work. We studied in rat, in vivo, and by using a computational approach to simulate neuronal activity, the impact of these currents Cav1.2 and Cav1.3, both on the phenomenon of Wind-up, a form of short term sensitization, and in the model of a peripheral neuropathy model (SNL) characterized by a form of long-term sensitization. We showed that the presence of Cav1.3 (but not the Cav1.2) is important for Wind-up’s expression regardless of the physio-pathological context (control / neuropathy), whereas the removal of Cav1.2 (but not Cav1.3) decreases significantly the expression of the pain behavior in the context of neuropathy. In another side, it has been shown in our laboratory that group I metabotropic glutamatergic receptors (mGluRs I), receptors of Glutamate, the main excitatory neurotransmitter in nociceptive transmission, interact with L channels by modulating their activity. In pathological condition such in the condition of inflammatory pain the role of these channels L is controversial, and if the interaction between mGluRs I and L channels is always present in these inflammatory conditions is poorly known. We decided then to study in the second part of this work the role of these channels, and their interaction with mGluRs I in the condition of inflammatory pain. By using electrophysiological extracellular recording, pharmacology, behavior, intrathecal injections, and molecular biology, we showed that pharmacological activation of mGluRs I increase the nociceptive transmission and that this effect requires the activation of L type calcium channels in control conditions. Unexpectedly, in the context of the inflammation, our results show that activation of mGluRs I induce an anti-nociceptive effect and this effect is independent of L channels. Moreover, we confirmed that the blockade of L calcium channels is without effect in case of the inflammation. Furthermore, we showed that the contradictory effect due to the activation of mGluRs I pass through a strengthening of inhibitory transmission. In conclusion, our results show the interest to target L type calcium channels and more specifically the Cav1.2 channel in case of neuropathic chronic pain. We also show that mGluRs I could be good therapeutic candidates in the inflammatory context
Carrière, Virginie. "Localisation nucléaire, in vivo, de deux cytokines associées aux cellules endothéliales cuboïdales, la Chimiokine CCL21 et l'Interleukine IL-33 : de nouvelles fonctions dans le noyau ?" Toulouse 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOU30232.
Full textIn recent years a number of cytokines and other proteins have been found to be dual function proteins that play roles both extracellularly and in the nucleus. My thesis works demonstrated that two novels proteins could exhibit this dual location: CCL21, the high endothelial venule (HEV)-associated chemokine and IL-33, the recently described member of the IL-1 family. CCL21, which exerts all its functions through G-Protein-Coupled Receptor, also exhibits nuclear localization, in vivo, due to its basic C-terminal extension. Furthermore Two-hybrid screening of an HEV cDNA library identified the THAP1 protein, a regulator of endothelial cell proliferation, as a potential nuclear target of CCL21. We also demonstrated that IL-33, an IL-1-like cytokine that signals via ST2 receptor, is an endothelium-derived, heterochromatin-associated nuclear factor with transcriptional repressor potential. All these properties were found to be mediated by an evolutionarily conserved homedomain-like motif
Schramm, Frédéric. "Inflammation cutanée et borréliose de Lyme : étude in vitro des interactions entre les cellules résidentes de la peau et Borrelia." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00757050.
Full textBoukhari, Abdel Aziz. "Rôle des mastocytes dans le développement des astrocytomes humains : implication du récepteur CD47." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012STRAJ043/document.
Full textStudies suggest that inflammatory cells play an initiating role of cancer and would contribute actively to its development. My work focused on the study of human glioma and mast cells. Gliomas are the most frequent tumors of the central nervous system (CNS). Mast cells are cells of interest in the study of Tumor inflammatory Microenvironment. Using the technique of coculture: mast cells/astrocytomas we have shown that mast cells induce the proliferation of human astrocytomas and have no effect on astrocytes. The proliferative effect requires a direct contact between the two cell types (which suggests the involvement of adhesion molecules) and is dependent on the secretion of the IL6. We also targeted the CD47/SIRPα and CD40/CD40L interactions who are involved in the control of the proliferation/apoptosis balance or / and the secretion of mediators of inflammation. Activation of the CD47 receptor in human astrocytomas enhances their proliferation. Intracellular signaling pathway involves the βγ dimer of G-protein and consecutive activation of the PI3K/Akt Pathway. Activation of CD47 induces overexpression of the UHRF1 protein, this increase of UHRF1 accompanied by a decrease in the expression of the tumor suppressor gene (p16INK4A). It would also appear that CD47 receptor activation induces a translocation of NF - κB and the expression of genes of cytokines particularly IL-6 which would contribute to the proliferation of astrocytomas. This signalling pathway is not enabled in astrocytes. In coculture, the proliferation of astrocytomas is accompanied by a decrease in CD47 expression and its ligand SIRPα. These effects are accompanied by a phosphorylation of Akt and ERK. We have also shown that activation of CD40 receptor promotes the proliferation of astrocytomas via the IL-6 dependent pathway
Tu, Ly. "Innovation thérapeutique dans la dysfonction endothéliale associée à l'hypertension artérielle pulmonaire." Thesis, Paris 11, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA114823/document.
Full textPulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a severe disease characterized by progressive obstruction of small pulmonary arteries, leading to a progressive increase in pulmonary vascular resistance and to right heart failure and death. Vasoconstriction, pulmonary vascular remodeling, in situ thrombosis and endothelial dysfunction are all factors that contribute to the development and progression of the disease. These work aimed to clarify and better understand the abnormal phenotype of the pulmonary endothelial cell (P-EC) of PAH patients to identify new therapeutic targets to correct and restore the endothelial dysfunction associated with pulmonary hypertension. Several functional disturbances related to molecular abnormalities have been identified. The IPAH-P-EC is characterized by proliferation, migration, survival and an excessive response to various growth factors: PDGF, EGF, and FGF2. Among the molecular abnormalities responsible for these functional disturbances, we found an abnormal production and release of FGF2, MMP2, MIF, IL-6 and MCP-1, but also a constitutive activity of MAPK, overexpression of anti-apoptotic factors BCL2 and BCL-xL, of FGFR2, of p130Cas and CD74. This better understanding of the EC-IPAH has already identified several targets that could be evaluated and also helped raise a number of issues requiring further study
Vivot, Kevin. "Identification des mécanismes cellulaires et moléculaires à l'origine de la perte précoce des îlots pancréatiques au cours de la transplantation." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00806576.
Full textBorrel, Valérie. "Influence du microenvironnement sur la virulence et la formation de biofilm de Cutibacterium acnes." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMR035/document.
Full textAcne vulgaris is one of the most common skin diseases. Its pathogenesis is still unclear but Cutibacterium acnes (former Propionibacterium acnes) is considered as essential for its development. This bacterium is characterized by high genomic variability and some strains as ribotype 4 and 5 (RT4 and RT5) strains are highly associated with acne whereas RT6 strains are enriched in healthy skin. The physiological differences between these C. acnes types were evaluated dependently of their environment (culture media). Moreover, a link between acne and stress has been described, the use of preservative-free-cosmetics is burgeoning and bacteria can react to local factors by important metabolic changes. In this respect, two catecholamines and two cosmetic compounds were also tested. This study shows that the different C. acnes types are adapted to different ecological niches: acneic strains are adapted to sebaceous glands whereas non-acneic strains are more adapted to the skin surface and the upper hair follicle. Moreover, the acneic type seems associated to a more important inflammatory potential, which consolidates its possible implication in acne. The catecholamines can stimulate its biofilm formation and C. acnes treated by these molecules can stimulated the lipogenesis in sébocytes. Then, this study highlights the existence of a link between stress and the potential role of C. acnes in acne. Elsewhere, this study shows that the biofilm of C. acnes can be inhibited by Uriage thermal water and/or a rhamnose-rich polysaccharide (PS291®)
Maugé, Loranne. "Le modèle cellulaire THP-1 : adaptation à l'étude de modulateurs de l'activité inflammatoire précoce implicant l'inflammasome." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00995419.
Full textSaadat, Mahshid. "Candida species and inflammation mediators in denture stomatitis : detection in biological samples." Thèse, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/19159.
Full textIntroduction: Denture stomatitis (DS) is a common inflammatory condition affecting the hard palate of mucosal tissue in contact with complete or partial denture. The most likely etiological factors of DS are fungal infection, denture biofilm, and trauma. Objectives: 1) To investigate the ability of Candida sp. to grow in specific media after long term storage 2) To investigate the relationship of Candida sp. and denture stomatitis 3) To test the prevalence of S. mutans in DS patients 4) To detect the value of IL1-β ,IFN-γ ,IL-6, and TNF-α in samples after long term storage Method: A total of 115 clinical sonicate samples, taken from individuals over 63 years old, kept frozen at -80°C from 2008 were used for this study. The presence of C. albicans and C. tropicalis, and S. mutans was evaluated by PCR and culture. A sandwich ELISA was used for the detection and assay of IL-1β, IL6 and TNFα. Presence of Candida sp was tested by using specific media for all samples (n=115) within 24 hours of collection and before and after freezing 7 years later. Results: Microbiological cultures on fresh samples in 2008 showed that C. albicans was present in 21.74% of all samples. However, after thawing, detection of C. albicans cannot be considered reliable (4.35%). The use of PCR allowed us to detect the presence of C. albicans, C. tropicalis, S. mutans in DS, except in healthy patients. However, C. tropicalis is more frequent than C. albicans, a result that contrasts with the culture when the sample was fresh Conclusion: Our results show that the capacity to detect microbial cells by culture after long term storage at -80°C was decreased about 80%. In addition cytokines might be degraded, rinsed off or below our detection level. However, association between Candida sp., S. mutans and DS was found.
Bélanger, Caroline. "Rôle des médiateurs lipidiques dans la réaction inflammatoire chez le rat." Thèse, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/15657.
Full textHamdan, Leila. "Rôle des médiateurs lipidiques dans la réaction inflammatoire chez le lapin." Thèse, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/4098.
Full textInflammatory lipid mediators including leucotriene B4 (LTB4) and platelet activating factor (PAF) regulate the trafficking of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) and plasma extravasation at inflammatory sites. To delineate their role in regulating PMNs extravasation, we studied the effect of PAF and/or LTB4 selective receptor antagonists in dermal inflammation induced by a variety of agonists in a rabbit bioassay model. The results show that there is an additive inhibitory effect when the two antagonists are used concomitantly on PMNs dermal accumulation induced by LTB4 and PAF, as well by chemically unrelated agonists including TNFα, in addition to inhibiting plasma extravasation induced by LTD4. These results support a regulatory role of LTB4 and PAF in regulating PMNs trafficking and plasma extravasation at inflammatory sites. Next, we studied the regulatory role of lipid mediators in regulating PMNs trafficking in response to hind limb ischemia-reperfusion. The results show that the administration of both PAF and LTB4 receptor antagonists reduced significantly PMNs migration to the lung, the liver and the intestine. Our results contributed to elucidate the role of LTB4 and PAF in the regulation of PMNs migration and oedema formation at inflammatory sites.