Academic literature on the topic 'Inflammation of the nasal mucosa'

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Journal articles on the topic "Inflammation of the nasal mucosa"

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Perić, Aleksandar, Danilo Vojvodić, Biserka Vukomanović-Đurđević, and Nenad Baletić. "Eosinophilic Inflammation in Allergic Rhinitis and Nasal Polyposis." Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology 62, no. 4 (2011): 341–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/10004-1254-62-2011-2120.

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Eosinophilic Inflammation in Allergic Rhinitis and Nasal PolyposisOn histopathological examination, nasal polyps and nasal mucosa in allergic rhinitis show different forms of pseudostratified respiratory epithelium, whereas the dominant characteristic of lamina propria is an eosinophilic infiltration. The aim of this study was to compare interleukin (IL)-5 and eosinophilic cationic protein (ECP) levels in the nasal fluid of 42 patients: 12 with allergic rhinitis and nasal septal deviation, 17 non-atopic patients with nasal polyposis, and 13 atopic nasal polyp patients were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Nasal secretion samples were collected a few days before surgery. The levels of IL-5 were measured using flow cytometry and the ECP using a commercial ELISA kit. In addition, we counted eosinophils in hematoxylin-and-eosin-stained sections of all nasal polyp and all nasal mucosa samples taken from the inferior nasal turbinates during septoplasty. A significantly higher concentration of IL-5 was found in the nasal fluid of atopic patients with nasal polyposis than in non-atopic nasal polyp patients (p=0.025) and patients with allergic rhinitis (p=0.05). ECP was higher in atopic nasal polyp patients than in patients with allergic rhinitis (p<0.0001) and than in non-atopic nasal polyp patients (p<0.0001). Polyp eosinophils were higher in atopic' than in non-atopic patients (p<0.0001) and higher than in the mucosa of patients with allergic rhinitis (p<0.0001). These however had significantly more mucosal eosinophils than was found in the polyps of non-atopic patients' (p=0.025). ECP levels in nasal fluid and eosinophil counts in tissue specimens correlated well in all three groups of patients. Our study has shown that atopic nasal polyp patients have a higher level of eosinophilic inflammation than non-atopic patients with nasal polyps and patients with allergic rhinitis.
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Feng, Zhaoxuan, Minglu Li, Xing Jin, et al. "Design and characterization of plasticized bacterial cellulose/waterborne polyurethane composite with antibacterial function for nasal stenting." Regenerative Biomaterials 7, no. 6 (2020): 597–608. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rb/rbaa029.

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Abstract A nasal stent capable of preventing adhesions and inflammation is of great value in treating nasal diseases. In order to solve the problems of tissue adhesion and inflammation response, we prepared plasticized bacterial cellulose (BCG) and waterborne polyurethane (WPU) composite with antibacterial function used as a novel nasal stent. The gelation behavior of BCG could contribute to protecting the paranasal sinus mucosa; meanwhile, the WPU with improved mechanical property was aimed at supporting the narrow nasal cavity. The thickness, size and the supporting force of the nasal stent could be adjusted according to the specific conditions of the nasal. Thermogravimetric analysis, contact angle and water absorption test were applied to investigate the thermal, hydrophilic and water absorption properties of the composite materials. The composite materials loaded with poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride maintained well antibacterial activity over 12 days. Animal experiments further revealed that the mucosal epithelium mucosae damage of BCG−WPU composite was minor compared with that of WPU. This new type of drug-loaded nasal stent can effectively address the postoperative adhesions and infections while ensuring the health of nasal mucosal, and thus has an immense clinical application prospects in treating nasal diseases.
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Zhan, Yu, Lufang Tian, Ruxin Zhang, Shaoqing Yu, and Na Sun. "Ozone Induces Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Nasal Mucosa of Rats." Atmosphere 15, no. 10 (2024): 1148. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos15101148.

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Background: The development of the global economy has led to changes in air pollution patterns. The haze phenomenon characterized by high concentrations of particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) has changed to complex pollution, and photochemical pollution characterized by ozone (O3) has become increasingly prominent. Ozone pollution and its impact on human health has become an important topic that needs to be studied urgently. Objective: To investigate the effects of ozone on oxidative stress and inflammation in the nasal mucosa of a rat model. Methods: Thirty-two healthy female Sprague–Dawley rats, eight in each group, were divided into four groups using the randomized numeric table method: normal control group (NC group), normal rats with a low level of ozone inhalation exposure (NEL group, 0.5 ppm), medium ozone inhalation exposure (NEM group, 1 ppm), and high ozone inhalation exposure (NEH group, 2 ppm). The ozone inhalation exposure groups were placed in the ozone inhalation exposure system and exposed to different concentrations of ozone for 2 h each day for 6 weeks. Nasal secretion was measured, and nasal lavage and nasal mucosa were collected. Malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities were measured by colorimetric assay, and the nasal mucosa was analyzed by Western blot. Western blot (WB) was used to detect the expression of NF-κB p65 nuclear protein in nasal mucosa. The mRNA expression of NF-κB target genes IL-6 and IL-8 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) was detected by real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR), and the protein content of pro-inflammatory factors IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α was detected by ELISA in serum and nasal lavage fluid. The nasal mucosa of rats was stained with hematoxylin-eosin (HE) to observe the pathological changes in the nasal mucosa. The data were analyzed by SPSS 20.0 software. Results: The amount of nasal secretion increased significantly in all groups after ozone exposure compared with that in the NC group. The MDA content of the nasal mucosa was significantly increased in the ozone-exposed group compared with the NC group, and the activity levels of SOD and GSH-Px in the nasal mucosa were lower in the ozone-exposed group than in the NC group. The mRNA expression of IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α in the nasal mucosa of the ozone-exposed group was elevated, and the protein content of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-8 in the nasal lavage fluid was elevated, and the content increased with the increase in ozone concentration. The expression of NF-κB p65 intracellular protein in the nasal mucosa of each ozone-exposed group was higher than that of the normal group, and the content increased with the increase in ozone concentration. Conclusions: Ozone inhalation exposure promotes oxidative stress and the release of inflammatory factors TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-8, leading to pathological damage of the nasal mucosa, the degree of which increases with increasing concentration. This pathological process may be related to the activation of the transcription factor NF-κB by ozone in the nasal mucosa of rats, which increases the expression of its target genes.
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Piao, Chun Hua, Yan Jing Fan, Thi Van Nguyen, Chang Ho Song та Ok Hee Chai. "Mangiferin Alleviates Ovalbumin-Induced Allergic Rhinitis via Nrf2/HO-1/NF-κB Signaling Pathways". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, № 10 (2020): 3415. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21103415.

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Mangiferin (MF), extracted from mango trees, is considered to have anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and antioxidant effects. However, its effects on allergic rhinitis (AR), remain unclear. We investigated the mechanisms underlying the protective action of MF in ovalbumin (OVA)-induced AR models. AR was induced by OVA challenge in BALB/c mice. Prior to this, MF and dexamethasone were administered. Mice were examined for nasal mucosal inflammation, the generation of allergen-specific cytokine response, and histopathological changes in the nasal mucosa and lung tissue. MF ameliorated nasal symptoms and nasal mucosa inflammation in OVA-induced AR and reduced inflammatory cell infiltration and epithelial disruption in these tissues. MF inhibited the overproduction of Th2/Th17 cytokines and transcription factors. MF downregulated the HO-1/Nrf2 pathways, reduced oxidative stress biomarker levels, and the NF-κB signaling pathways were inhibited. MF exerts protective effects in AR by inhibiting NF-κB and activating HO-1/Nrf2 pathways. MF could be used for the treatment of AR.
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Bui, Dan Van, Akira Kanda, Yoshiki Kobayashi, et al. "A Novel Approach for Investigating Upper Airway Hyperresponsiveness Using Micro-CT in Eosinophilic Upper Airway Inflammation such as Allergic Rhinitis Model." Biomolecules 9, no. 7 (2019): 252. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom9070252.

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Airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) has been proposed as a feature of pathogenesis of eosinophilic upper airway inflammation such as allergic rhinitis (AR). The measurement system for upper AHR (UAHR) in rodents is poorly developed, although measurements of nasal resistance have been reported. Here we assessed UAHR by direct measurement of swelling of the nasal mucosa induced by intranasal methacholine (MCh) using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). Micro-CT analysis was performed in both naïve and ovalbumin-induced AR mice following intranasal administration of MCh. The nasal cavity was segmented into two-dimensional horizontal and axial planes, and the data for nasal mucosa were acquired for the region of interest threshold. Then, a ratio between the nasal mucosa area and nasal cavity area was calculated as nasal mucosa index. Using our novel method, nasal cavity structure was clearly identified on micro-CT, and dose-dependent increased swelling of the nasal mucosa was observed upon MCh treatment. Moreover, the nasal mucosa index was significantly increased in AR mice compared to controls following MCh treatment, while ovalbumin administration did not affect swelling of the nasal mucosa in either group. This UAHR following MCh treatment was completely reversed by pretreatment with glucocorticoids. This novel approach using micro-CT for investigating UAHR reflects a precise assessment system for swelling of the nasal mucosa following MCh treatment; it not only sheds light on the mechanism of AR but also contributes to the development of new therapeutic drugs in AR patients.
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Schulze, Gene E., Jim E. Proctor, Mark A. Dominick, et al. "Intranasal Toxicity of BMS-181885, A Novel 5-HT1 Agonist." International Journal of Toxicology 18, no. 5 (1999): 285–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/109158199225206.

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One-month intranasal toxicity studies were conducted with BMS-181885 at doses of 1.5, 9, or 15 mg/animal/day in rats and 4, 24, or 40 mg/animal/day in monkeys. A 1-month intermittent intranasal toxicity study was also conducted in monkeys at doses of 3, 6, and 12 mg/animal 3 days per week. BMS-181885 was generally well tolerated in rats but resulted in dose-dependent nasal mucosal injury, primarily characterized by subacute inflammation of the nasal mucosa, and degeneration, single-cell necrosis, and/or erosion of the olfactory epithelium and, to a lesser extent, the respiratory epithelium. In monkeys, daily BMS-181885 administration was well tolerated and produced similar dose-dependent nasal injury primarily characterized by subacute inflammation of the nasal mucosa with degeneration and erosion of the olfactory epithelium. In a separate experiment, intermittent administration also resulted in dose-dependent nasal injury. In cultured rat nasal mucosal cells, BMS-181885 was toxic to olfactory epithelial cells with a range of mean IC50s between 44 and 291 μM. In contrast, BMS-181885 had no effect on respiratory epithelial cells up to its maximum solubility. Cytochrome P450 inhibition had no effect on the toxicity of BMS-181885 in olfactory epithelial cells but produced dose-dependent toxicity in respiratory epithelial cells, which was not present previously. The in vitro data suggest that parent drug, rather than a toxic metabolite, caused the drug-associated nasal mucosal injury.
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Mullol and Picado. "Endothelin in nasal mucosa: role in nasal function and inflammation." Clinical & Experimental Allergy 30, no. 2 (2000): 172–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2222.2000.00754.x.

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Lee, Heung-Man, Hyo Yeol Kim, Hee Joon Kang, et al. "Up-Regulation of Protease-Activated Receptor 2 in Allergic Rhinitis." Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 116, no. 7 (2007): 554–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000348940711600712.

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Objectives: We compared the patterns of PAR-2 messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expression in the nasal mucosa of subjects with and without allergic rhinitis. Methods: Biopsy specimens were obtained from 10 patients with allergic rhinitis and 10 normal controls. RNA was extracted from the nasal mucosa, and semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was performed for PAR-2. Tissue sections were immunostained for PAR-2 by use of specific antibody. Results: The expression levels of PAR-2 mRNA in allergic rhinitis nasal mucosa were significantly up-regulated as compared with those in normal nasal mucosa. PAR-2 immunoreactivity was observed in the epithelium and submucosal glands in both normal controls and subjects with allergic rhinitis. Stronger immunoreactivity for PAR-2 was observed in allergic rhinitis nasal mucosa as compared with normal nasal mucosa. Conclusions: These results suggest that PAR-2 may be involved in allergic nasal inflammation.
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Migneault-Bouchard, C., F. J. M. Boselie, B. N. Landis, and J. Frasnelli. "Intranasal trigeminal sensitivity may be impaired after functional nasal surgery." Rhinology Online 5, no. 5 (2022): 8–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4193/rhinol/21.049.

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Functional nasal surgery is frequently performed for sinonasal diseases not responding to medical treatment. Although surgery mostly turns out to be successful in such cases, a potential side effect of manipulating the nasal mucous membrane is impairment of intranasal trigeminal function. Not well known by specialists and clinically scarcely explored, this function provides sensory information from the nasal mucosa. It is responsible for the afferent part of protective nasal reflexes such as sneezing and coughing, but also provides the feeling of nasal airflow (1). Recent work suggests that patients with low intranasal trigeminal function are more prone to suffer from nasal obstruction and may be less satisfied with functional surgery (2-6). It has been suggested that intranasal trigeminal function decreases with mucosal changes, such as chronic inflammation and improves again once the inflammation has been treated (3). However, the influence of functional nasal surgery (i.e. surgery aimed at the improvement of nasal function) with consecutive mucosal micro-injuries on intranasal trigeminal function is not yet fully clear (2-4).
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Ceylan, Seyit Mehmet, Erdal Uysal, Mehmet Sokucu, et al. "The Effects of Halofuginone on Wound Healing in the Rat Nasal Mucosa." American Journal of Rhinology & Allergy 34, no. 1 (2019): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1945892419866312.

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Background Halofuginone is an alkaloid febrifugine analogue and bioactive molecule that was isolated incidentally from the Dichroa febrifuga plant. The therapeutic efficacy of halofuginone in parasitic infections, scleroderma, inflammation, and fibrosis-related diseases, as well as in some types of cancer, has been previously reported. The effects of halofuginone on nasal mucosal damage are not yet known. Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the potential effect of topically applied halofuginone on wound healing in the mechanically injured nasal mucosa of rats. Methods A unilateral mucosal wound was created in the nasal cavity of 32 rats (aged 4 weeks) using the brushing technique. These rats were randomly divided into 4 groups. Although the control group did not receive an intervention, a dry pad, a saline-impregnated pad, or a pad impregnated with halofuginone were placed in the rats of the other 3 groups and left for 5 minutes. Rats were sacrificed on the 14th day, and a histological examination was performed. The nasal mucosa was assessed via hematoxylin-eosin and Masson’s trichrome staining. Results There were no statistically significant differences in epithelial thickness, inflammation, goblet cell formation, and epithelial disarray values between the halofuginone group and the control group ( P > .05). The subepithelial thickness was significantly decreased in the saline-treated group and the halofuginone-treated group ( P < .05), but a significantly lower level of subepithelial fibrosis was only observed in the halofuginone group compared to the other groups ( P < .05). Conclusions Topical halofuginone administration reduces the development of fibrosis and subepithelial edema after experimentally induced nasal mucosal injury, but it does not exert therapeutic or preventive effects on epithelial damage, inflammation, and goblet cell hyperplasia.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Inflammation of the nasal mucosa"

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Nicola, Marina Lazzari. "Efeitos do tabagismo sobre o transporte mucociliar nasal, propriedades físicas do muco, pH do condensado do ar exalado, celularidade e citocinas de lavado nasal de jovens." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5170/tde-29042014-104441/.

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O tabagismo está fortemente associado ao desenvolvimento da Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica, porém poucos estudos que relatam alterações funcionais ou inflamatórias nas vias aéreas superiores em jovens são encontrados na literatura. Nosso objetivo foi investigar as alterações funcionais e inflamatórias nas vias aéreas superiores e inferiores em jovens tabagistas com idade igual ou inferior a 35 anos. Setenta e dois indivíduos participaram do estudo: 32 jovens não tabagistas (JNT) saudáveis (21±4 anos, 29 homens) e 40 jovens tabagistas subdivididos de acordo com a carga tabágica: menor que 2,5 anos-maço (< 2,5) (19±2 anos, 20 homens) e igual ou maior que 2,5 anos-maço (>= 2,5) (24 ± 5 anos, 17 homens e três mulheres). Foram avaliados os dados demográficos, os dados clínicos, os sintomas de desconforto das vias aéreas por meio do questionário SNOT-20, os volumes e capacidades pulmonares por meio do teste de função pulmonar, o transporte mucociliar nasal por meio do teste de tempo de trânsito da sacarina, a propriedade de superfície do muco nasal por meio do ângulo de contato, a inflamação na cavidade nasal por meio da contagem total e diferencial das células e citocinas em lavado nasal e a inflamação de vias aéreas inferiores por meio do pH do condensado do ar exalado. Observamos neste estudo que os jovens tabagistas >= 2,5 foram mais velhos comparados aos JNT e com os tabagistas < 2,5 (p < 0,01). Comparados com os JNT, os tabagistas >= 2,5 apresentaram maior índice de massa corporal (p=0,036), de frequência cardíaca (p=0,001) e de pressão arterial sistólica (p=0,036). Os tabagistas >= 2,5 apresentaram maior queixa sobre tosse (p=0,05) e secreção nasal escorrendo para a garganta (p=0,016) quando comparados com os JNT e tabagistas < 2,5. Não encontramos diferenças significativas na pontuação total do questionário SNOT-20 (p=0,140), nos valores do teste de função pulmonar e nos valores do ângulo de contato (p=0,803) entre os grupos. O tempo de trânsito da sacarina foi significativamente menor nos jovens tabagistas (5,9 ± 3,1 minutos) quando comparados aos JNT (7,7 ± 4,1 minutos, p=0,033). Na análise do lavado nasal encontramos maior número de células totais em tabagistas < 2,5 (48+-14) e tabagistas >= 2,5 (37+-25) comparados aos JNT (24+-12, p < 0,001). Encontramos também maior número de macrófagos (p=0,001), células ciliadas (p=0,008) e células caliciformes (p=0,004) nos tabagistas < 2,5 e tabagistas >= 2,5 quando comparados aos JNT, e maiores concentrações de mieloperoxidase nos tabagistas < 2,5 comparados aos tabagistas >= 2,5 (p=0,005). Os valores do pH do EBC foram menores em tabagistas >= 2,5 (7,65 ± 0,42) comparados com os tabagistas < 2,5 (7,83 ± 0,26) e com os JNT (7,90 ± 0,21, p=0,038). Por meio de análise de regressão linear, verificamos um efeito dose-dependente significativo do tabagismo sobre a redução dos valores do pH do EBC (r=-0,47, p < 0,001). Concluímos que o tabagismo em jovens tabagistas com idade igual ou inferior a 35 anos induz alterações do transporte mucociliar nasal, inflamação nasal e inflamação em vias aéreas inferiores e que essas alterações estão associadas à carga tabágica<br>Cigarette smoking is strongly associated with the development of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, but few studies that reported functional or inflammatory changes in upper airway in young are found in the literature. We aimed to evaluate the effects of smoking on nasal mucociliary clearance, the mucus surface property and if there is inflammation in the nasal cavity and lower airways in young smokers aged less than 35 years. Of the 200 individuals contacted by telephone, 72 individuals entered in the study: 32 healthy young nonsmokers (YNS) (21 ± 4 years, 29 male) and 40 young smokers, subdivided according to smoking history: less than 2.5 pack-years (< 2.5) (19 ± 2 years, 20 male) and 2.5 pack-years or more ( >= 2.5) (24 ± 5 years, 17 male and three female). We assessed demographic data, clinical data, SNOT-20 questionnaire for symptoms of airway discomfort, the volumes and lung capacities by the pulmonary function test, the nasal mucociliary clearance using the saccharine transit test, the mucus surface property by the contact angle, the inflammation in the nasal cavity by the total and differential count of cells and cytokines in nasal lavage and inflammation of the lower airways by the exhaled breath condensate pH. In this study, we observed that young smokers >= 2.5 were older compared to YNS and smokers < 2.5 (p < 0.01). Compared with YNS, smokers >= 2.5 had higher body mass index (p=0.036), heart rate (p=0.001) and systolic blood pressure (p=.036). Smokers >= 2.5 complained more about cough (p = 0.05) and post-nasal discharge (p=0.016) when compared to YNS and smokers < 2.5. No significant differences were found in the total score of the SNOT-20 (p=0.140), in the pulmonary function test and mucus contact angle (p=0.803) between groups. The saccharine transit time was significantly lower in young smokers (5.9 ± 3.1 minutes) compared to YNS (7.7 ± 4.1 minutes, p=0.033). The number of total cells in nasal lavage fluid were greater in smokers < 2.5 (48±14) and smokers >= 2.5 (37 ± 25) compared to YNS (24 ± 12, p < 0.001). We also found greater number of macrophages (p=0.001), ciliated cells (p=0.008) and goblet cells (p = 0.004) in smokers < 2.5 and smokers >= 2.5 compared to YNS and a higher concentration of myeloperoxidase in smokers < 2.5 compared to smokers >= 2.5 (p=0.005). The EBC pH were lower in smokers >= 2.5 (7.65 ± 0.42) compared with smokers < 2.5 (7.83 ± 0.26) and with YNS (7.90 ± 0.21, p=0.038). Linear regression analysis confirmed a significant dose-dependent effect of smoking in decreasing EBC pH (r= -0.47, p < 0.001). We conclude that cigarette smoking induces changes in nasal mucociliary clearance, nasal inflammation and inflammation in the lower airways in young smokers aged less than 35 years and these changes are associated with smoking history
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Hulterström, Anna Karin. "Silicone obturators and the bacterial flora in symptomatic nasal septal perforations." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Tandteknikerprogrammet, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-60831.

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Background A perforation in the nasal septum can cause symptoms such as bleeding, obstruction, crusts and pain, and can be a challenge to treat. Surgery is the treatment of choice, but disease, size of the perforation, or the patient’s wish may contradict surgery. A custom-made silicone obturator is a successful treatment option, but little is known how this treatment affects the microbial flora. The purposes of this thesis were (i) to investigate the microbial flora around symptomatic nasal septal perforations before treatment, (ii) during and after a 12-month treatment period with a custom-made obturator, (iii) to compare the microbial flora around symptomatic perforations with the flora from the same area of the septum in healthy individuals, (iv) to investigate the microbial colonization of the silicone obturator, and (v) also to investigate the water sorption, solubility and if the wettability of silicones are affected by water. The hypotheses were (i) that the bacterial flora around symptomatic perforations would not differ from that found in healthy individuals, apart from a possible presence of Helicobacter pylori; (ii) the bacterial flora would change in composition during the course of treatment and that microorganisms and proteins could be seen on the surface of the silicone obturators; (iii) a material that has adsorbed water would also show an increase in wettability and the surface free energy of the material.  Methods Twenty-seven patients and 101 healthy individuals volunteered. Swabs were made around the rim of the perforation, or on the septum in the locus Kisselbachi area in the healthy individuals. Bacteria and fungi were isolated and identified with standard laboratory techniques. A biopsy of the granulated tissue at the perforation was taken and cultivated for Helicobacter pylori. Swabs were also taken three, six and twelve months after inserting the obturator. The obturator was analysed after being used twelve months in the nose.  Seven silicones were tested for water sorption and solubility according to ISO standards 1567:1999 and ISO 10477:2004. The change in wettability was examined by measuring the contact angle with a contact goniometer at various stages of the sorption/solubility test. Results Staphylococcus aureus was present in 88% of the untreated patients. With treatment a significant reduction of S. aureus occurred to 54.5% (p&lt;0.05). In the healthy group S. aureus was present in 13% of the subjects. No Helicobacter pylori could be cultivated from the biopsies taken of the granulated tissue at the perforation. The flora round the untreated perforation was dominated by S. aureus with few other bacterial species detected. In the healthy group there was a diversified flora with both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. SEM revealed a rough surface on the silicone obturator and crazing of the silicone surrounding the pigment granules. Both bacteria and proteins could be seen on the obturators in SEM. Candida albicans was detected in one obturator, but not in the mucosal swab at the corresponding time. That patient had, however, been treated for Candida in the nose six months prior to the last visit in the study. Wettability was affected but did not increase with amount of adsorbed water. Some materials showed an increase and some a decrease in the surface-free energy. The tested addition silicones showed little sorption and solubility. Conclusions The patients with symptomatic perforations of the nasal septum had a bacterial flora totally dominated by S. aureus. The massive presence of S. aureus around symptomatic perforations may have an impact on the persistence of the granulated and inflamed tissue present in symptomatic perforations, thus forming a vicious circle with bleeding and crustation. S. aureus dominance in the mucosa surrounding symptomatic perforations was diminished by using a custom-made obturator. The microbial flora became more diversified with the treatment, although not resembling the flora in healthy individuals. The microbial flora of the obturators was similar, but not the same as the corresponding mucosal flora. The discovery of Candida in the obturator of a patient who had been treated for Candida in the nose six months earlier suggests that obturators need to be exchanged when fungal infections are being treated to prevent the fungus from re-infecting the patient at a later stage. The silicone had a rough surface and a poor wettability, both aspects favours colonization of microorganisms. The silicone was negatively affected by the colouring pigments, this should be considered when colouring is not necessary. The slight, but existing solubility of silicones emphasises the importance of using medical grade silicones that are more purified than industrial silicones.
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Grudemo, Hans. "Rhinostereometry and laser doppler flowmetry : simultaneous measurements of inflammation and steroid effects in normal and allergic human nasal mucosa /." Stockholm, 2000. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2000/20000310grud/.

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Franchini, Michelle Lisidati. "Efeitos do oxigênio umidificado e não umidificado via cateter nasal sobre o transporte mucociliar e muco nasal." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5170/tde-20052016-154206/.

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O transporte mucociliar (TMC) é um mecanismo básico de defesa do sistema respiratório necessário na resistência à infecção. A efetividade desse mecanismo de defesa depende da composição e profundidade do muco, da integridade e da função dos cílios e da interação muco-cílio. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar os efeitos crônicos do oxigenoterapia de baixo fluxo via cateter nasal com e sem umidificação sobre o TMC nasal, nas propriedades físicas do muco, na inflamação e nos sintomas de vias aéreas em pacientes com hipoxemia crônica com necessidade de oxigenoterapia domiciliar de longo prazo (>15 horas/dia). Dezoito pacientes (idade média de 68 anos, 7 do sexo masculino, índice de massa corpórea (IMC) médio de 26 kg/m2, 66% com doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica (DPOC), 60% com hipertensão arterial (HAS) e ex-tabagistas) iniciando oxigenoterapia de baixo fluxo via cateter nasal foram randomizados para o grupo Oxigênio Seco (n=10) ou Oxigênio Umidificado (n=9). Os pacientes foram avaliados nos tempos: basal, 12 horas, 7 dias, 30 dias, 12 meses e 24 meses para o TMC nasal por meio do teste de trânsito da sacarina, as propriedades físicas do muco por meio de ângulo de contato, a inflamação por meio de quantificação do número total de células e diferenciais e da concentração de citocinas no lavado nasal assim como para sintomas por meio do questionário SNOT-20. O sintoma mais importante relatado por pacientes no basal foi tosse que melhorou após 7 dias de oxigenoterapia. No nosso estudo, os pacientes de ambos grupos apresentaram prolongamento significativo (40%) do TMC nasal ao longo do estudo. O lavado nasal mostrou um aumento das proporções de neutrófilos, das células caliciformes e da concentração do fator de crescimento epidermal (EGF) assim como reduções em macrófagos e concentrações de interferon alfa (IFN-alfa), interleucina (IL)-8 e IL-10 ao longo do estudo. Não houve alterações na proporção de células ciliadas, na concentração de IL-6 e no ângulo de contato do muco em ambos os grupos. A tosse e os sintomas de sono diminuiram significativamente em ambos os grupos. Nosso estudo sugere que a umidificação não tem impacto sobre o TMC nasal, as propriedades do muco, a inflamação e os sintomas em pacientes com baixo fluxo de oxigênio via cateter nasal (BFON)<br>Mucociliary clearance (MCC) is a basic defense mechanism of the respiratory system against respiratory infection. The efficiency of this defense mechanism depends on the mucus composition and mucus depth, on the cilia integrity and function and the mucus-cilia interaction. The aim of this study was investigate the long-term effects of low-flow oxygen via nasal catheter (NLFO) using dry oxygen (Dried-NLFO) or humidified oxygen (Humidified-NLFO) on nasal mucociliary clearance, mucus properties, inflammation and symptoms in patients with chronic hypoxemia requiring long-term domiciliary oxygen therapy ( > 15 hours/day). Eighteen patients (mean age of 68 years, 7 male, mean BMI of 26 kg/m2, 66% COPD, 60% hypertensive and former smokers) initiating NLFO were randomized to Dried-NLFO (n=10) or Humidified-NLFO (n=9). Patients were assessed at baseline and along 12 hours, 7 days, 30 days, 12 months and 24 months for nasal MCC using saccharine test, mucus properties by means of contact angle, inflammation using total number of cells and cytokines concentration in nasal lavage fluid as well as symptoms by SNOT-20 questionnaire. The most important airway symptom reported by patients at baseline was cough that improved after 7 days of oxygen therapy. In our study, nasal MCC prolonged significantly (40%) and similarly in both groups along the study. Nasal lavage showed increased proportions of neutrophils, goblet cells and epidermal growth factor concentration as decreases in macrophages, IFN-a lfa, IL-8 and IL-10 concentrations along the study. No changes in the proportion of ciliated cells, IL-6 and mucus contact angle were observed in both groups. Coughing and sleep symptoms significantly decreased similarly in both groups. Our study suggests that humidification does not impact on nasal MCC, mucus properties, inflammation and symptoms in patients using NLFO
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Utiyama, Daniela Mitiyo Odagiri. "Efeitos do tabagismo e da cessação do tabagismo nos mecanismos de defesa de via aérea, propriedades do muco e inflamação nasal." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5170/tde-19062017-124945/.

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O tabagismo é um problema mundial de saúde pública e é considerado a principal causa de morte evitável no mundo associado com câncer de pulmão, doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica e infarto agudo do miocárdio. O tabagismo induz alterações morfológicas e funcionais no sistema respiratório. O transporte mucociliar (TMC) é um dos principais mecanismos de defesa do sistema respiratório que pode ser alterado com a fumaça e outros produtos do cigarro. O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar os efeitos do tabagismo e da cessação do tabagismo no TMC nasal, nas propriedades do muco e sobre marcadores inflamatórios. Trinta e três indivíduos tabagistas foram incluídos no estudo após concordância com o termo de consentimento livre e esclarecido. O recrutamento de voluntários foi realizado na Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP) e no Ambulatório de Cessação do Tabagismo da Disciplina de Pneumologia do Hospital das Clínicas da FMUSP. As variáveis desfecho foram o TMC nasal analisado por meio do teste de trânsito da sacarina, as propriedades do muco por meio do ângulo de contato e da transportabilidade da tosse por alto fluxo e a quantificação de células inflamatórias e concentração de interleucinas (IL)-6 e IL-8 em lavado nasal. Vinte cessadores (idade média: 51 anos, 9 do sexo masculino) foram avaliados no tempo basal do estudo, 1o mês, 3o mês e 12o mês de cessação do tabagismo e 13 tabagistas (média de idade: 52 anos, 6 do sexo masculino) foram avaliados no tempo basal e 12 meses após o basal. As características demográficas, hábito tabágico inicial e morbidades de tabagistas e de cessadores foram similares. No tempo basal do estudo, os tabagistas e cessadores apresentaram disfunção do TMC nasal (17,9 ± 10,1 min e 17,4 ± 7,7 min, respectivamente, p=0,880). A cessação do tabagismo induziu melhora significativa do TMC nasal no 1o mês, 3º mês e 12o mês em 63%, 76% e 85% dos indivíduos, respectivamente. Somente aos 12 meses, foi possível observar melhora na transportabilidade do muco por alto fluxo (~ 23%), porém com aumento do número de macrófagos (2x) em lavado nasal. Não observamos alterações no ângulo de contato do muco e nas concentrações de citocinas em lavado nasal. Concluímos que a cessação do tabagismo induz melhora rápida no TMC nasal, porém melhora nas propriedades do muco foi observada somente após 12 meses de cessação do tabagismo<br>Smoking is a health problem in the world. It is considered a main cause of preventable death and is associated with lung cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and myocardium infarction. Smoking induces morphological and functional changes in the respiratory system. Mucociliary clearance (MCC) is one of the main defense mechanisms of the respiratory system that can be affected by smoke and other cigarette products. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of smoking and smoking cessation on nasal MCC, mucus properties and inflammatory biomarkers. Thirty three smokers were included in this study after agreement with the written informed consent. Subject´s recruitment was performed at Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP) and Ambulatório de Cessação do Tabagismo da Disciplina de Pneumologia do Hospital das Clínicas da FMUSP. The outcome variables were nasal MCC evaluated by saccharin transit test, mucus properties using contact angle and mucus transportability by high airflow and quantification of inflammatory cells number and interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 in the nasal lavage fluid. Twenty volunteers in the smoking cessation program (mean age: 51 years, 9 male) were assessed at baseline, month 1, month 3 and month 12 after of the smoking cessation and 13 smokers (mean age: 52 years, 6 male) were assessed at baseline and 12 months after baseline. Demographic characteristics, smoking history and morbidities were similar between the two groups. At baseline, smokers showed impaired nasal MCC (17.9 ± 10.1 min and 17.4 ± 7.7 min, respectively, p=0.880). Smoking cessation significantly improved nasal MCC at 1 month, 3 months and 12 months in 63%, 76% and 85% of the subjects, respectively. Only after 12 months of smoking cessation, improvement in mucus transportability by high airflow (~ 23%) was observed, however, with increased number of macrophages (2-fold) in nasal lavage fluid. No changes were observed in mucus contact angle and cytokines concentrations in nasal lavage fluid. We concluded that smoking cessation induces rapid improvement in nasal MCC, however, improvement in mucus properties were observed only after 12 months of smoking cessation
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Neto, Waldir Carreirão. "Efeito da toxina botulínica tipo A sobre a expressão de neuropeptídeos e o transporte mucociliar nasal em coelhos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5143/tde-06112015-143800/.

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INTRODUÇÃO: A toxina botulínica tipo A (TXB-A) tem sido testada no tratamento da rinite, principalmente nos casos de rinite idiopática. Sugere-se que um estado de hiper-reatividade do nervo trigêmeo esteja envolvido na fisiopatologia da rinite idiopática. O nervo trigêmeo possui fibras sensitivas não mielinizadas tipo C (FSNMT-C) que contém os neuropeptídeos substância P (SP) e peptídeo relacionado ao gene da calcitonina (CGRP). O óxido nítrico (NO) produzido pelas enzimas óxido nítrico sintase (NOS) também está envolvido nesse processo de neurorregulação nasal. O transporte mucociliar, mecanismo primário de defesa do sistema respiratório, é formado pelo batimento ciliar e muco nasal, e esses componentes podem ser influenciados por diferentes neuropeptídeos e neurotransmissores presentes na mucosa nasal. OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da TXB-A sobre a expressão da SP, CGRP e óxido nítrico sintase neural (nNOS), além de sua influência sobre o transporte mucociliar nasal em coelhos. MÉTODOS: Coelhos machos saudáveis da linhagem Nova Zelândia foram divididos em dois grupos: o grupo tratamento recebeu TXB-A (25UI) na concha nasomaxilar (CNM) do lado direito e soro fisiológico a 0,9% (SF0,9%) na CNM esquerda. O grupo controle recebeu SF0,9% na CNM direita e nenhuma intervenção na CNM esquerda. Foram investigados os efeitos da TXB-A sobre a expressão da SP, CGRP e nNOS no tecido de CNM por meio da imuno-histoquímica. Para esta análise, dividiu-se o tecido em camada externa (CE, acima da membrana basal) e camada interna (CI, abaixo da membrana basal). Avaliou-se também a presença de apoptose celular, a frequência de batimento ciliar (FBC), o perfil histoquímico do muco nasal (glicoproteínas ácidas e neutras) e a espessura do epitélio (ESP-CE). RESULTADOS: Foi observado um aumento significativo na quantidade de células apoptóticas na CNM do grupo tratamento que recebeu TXB-A em comparação aos controles (p <= 0,001). A CNM do grupo tratamento que recebeu SF0,9% exibiu um aumento na quantidade de células apoptóticas na CI ao comparar com os controles (CNM SF0,9%, p=0,035) (CNM sem intervenção, p=0,022), e também um aumento da expressão de SP na CE em comparação aos controles (CNM SF0,9%, p=0,021) (CNM sem intervenção, p=0,040). A expressão de CGRP apresentou um aumento na CNM do grupo tratamento que recebeu TXB-A em comparação à CNM sem intervenção (p=0,008). A FBC, expressão de nNOS, perfil histoquímico do muco nasal e ESP-CE não apresentaram diferenças significativas. DISCUSSÃO: O aumento da expressão de CGRP e SP pode ter sido causado por inibição de sua exocitose vesicular pela TXB-A, levando ao seu acúmulo intracelular. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas na FBC ou perfil histoquímico do muco nasal, indicando que o aumento da expressão de CGRP e SP não foi associado à inflamação. O aumento da quantidade de células apoptóticas e da expressão de SP na CNM SF0,9% do grupo tratamento pode ter sido causado por um efeito central da TXB-A. CONCLUSÃO: A administração nasal de TXB-A aumentou a expressão de CGRP e SP, possivelmente por acúmulo intracelular por causa da inibição da sua exocitose, mas sem alterar a FBC e o perfil histoquímico do muco nasal<br>INTRODUCTION: Botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) has been assessed in the treatment of rhinitis, especially in cases of idiopathic rhinitis. Trigeminal hyper-responsiveness appears to be involved in the pathological process of idiopathic rhinitis. Trigeminal nociceptive type C unmyelinated sensory fibers contain the neuropeptides calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and substance P (SP). Nitric oxide (NO) produced by the enzyme nitric oxide synthase (NOS) are also involved in this nasal neurorregulation process. The mucociliary clearance, primary defense system of the respiratory system, is composed by the ciliary beat and nasal mucus. These components can be influenced by different nasal neuropeptides and neurotransmitters. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of BoNT-A on the expression of SP, CGRP and neural nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), and its influence on nasal mucociliary clearance in rabbits. METHODS: Healthy New Zealand male rabbits were divided into two groups: the treatment group was challenged with BoNT-A (25UI) in the right nasomaxillary turbinate (NMT) and saline (SF0.9%) in the left NMT. The control group received SF0.9% in the right NMT and no-intervention in the left NMT. We investigated the effects of BoNT-A on SP, CGRP and nNOS expression in the NMT tissue by immunohistochemistry. Each area of interest was subdivided into an internal layer (IL: below the basement membrane) and outer layer (OL: above the basement membrane) for analysis. It was also assessed signs of cellular apoptosis, ciliary beat frequency (CBF), mucus histochemical profile (acidic and neutral glycoproteins) and epithelial thickness (EP-TH). RESULTS: It was observed a significant increase in the amount of apoptotic cells in the BoNT-A-challanged NMT compared with controls (p <= 0.001). The NMT of treatment group which received only SF0.9% showed an increase in the amount of apoptotic cells in the IL compared with controls (NMT SF0.9%, p = 0.035) (NMT no-intervention, p = 0.022), and also an increase in the SP expression in the OL compared with controls (NMT SF0.9%, p = 0.021) (NMT no-intervention, p = 0.040). CGRP expression showed higher expression in the BoNT-A-challanged NMT compared with no-intervention NMT (p=0.008). The CBF, nNOS expression, mucus histochemical profile and EP-TH did not show significant differences. DISCUSSION: The increased CGRP and SP expression could be due to inhibition of vesicular exocytosis by BoNT-A, leading to CGRP and SP intracellular accumulation. No significant differences in CBF or mucus histochemical profile were observed, indicating that the increased CGRP and SP expression was not associated with inflammation. The increase in the amount of apoptotic cells and SP expression in the SF0.9% NMT of treatment group may be due to a central effect of BoNT-A. CONCLUSION: Nasal administration of BoNT-A increased SP and CGRP expression, possibly via inhibition of their release, but did not change the CBF or mucus profile
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Ahmed, Shahzada Khuram. "Angiogenesis in the nasal mucosa." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2013. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/4032/.

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Nasal polyposis is a common disease affecting 2-4% of the general population. The aetiology and pathogenesis are far from clear. Recent publications have suggested up-regulation of several pro-angiogenic factors including VEGF. The aim of this study was to assess and quantify the degree of angiogenesis in nasal polyposis and to determine if angiogenesis was the driving force behind polyposis. We started by developing a novel triple stain to assess remodelling in the nasal mucosa. For the first time we were able to categorically refute the common belief of angiogenesis driven polyposis. We then carried out genomic studies and identified upregulation of genes controlling the cell cycle and apoptosis, suggesting cell turnover is an important part of the pathogenesis of nasal polyps. Our gene expression data was confirmed by TUNEL staining, indicating an increased level of apoptosis in nasal polyp tissue, counterbalancing the increased cell proliferation. Inflammatory genes are also upregulated, however the data collected so far cannot distinguish between different types of inflammatory response. We carried out proteomic studies using the lu minex system but this did not clarify the situation despite using matched samples that were used in the gene array. They highlight the protein differences occurring in the polyps themselves. We have shown chemoattractants for eosinophils & macrophages (which are found in polyps), and significantly in iNOS, which is novel.
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Lindbom, John. "Phospholipase A₂ expression in the human nasal mucosa /." Linköping : Univ, 2004. http://www.bibl.liu.se/liupubl/disp/disp2004/med864s.pdf.

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Calderon-Zapatal, Moises Antonio. "The nasal epithelium, atopy and inflammation." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.286273.

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Harries, Helen Elizabeth. "Antibodies in the nasal mucosa : implications for allergic rhinitis." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.582540.

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Allergic rhinitis is the outcome of an IgE-mediated allergic response in the nose. Previous studies of IgE produced by B-cells in the nasal mucosa of allergic rhinitis patients have shown an increased usage of the V H5 gene family, compared to the normal blood V H gene repertoire, which has been attributed to superantigen activity. Work reported in this thesis has been undertaken to investigate further how the antibody repertoire is shaped in allergic rhinitis. IgA-expressing B-cells in the nasal mucosa, from allergic and non-allergic donors, were also shown to have an increased usage of VH5 genes compared to the normal blood repertoire, suggesting the nasal environment favours VH5 expansion prior to allergy development. Somatic hypermutation patterns in VH5-Ca sequences were indicative of superantigen selection. FACS analysis of nasal turbinate cells with antibodies to S. aureus enterotoxins (SE) demonstrated TSST -1 + cells in allergic nasal tissue only. Incubation of nasal turbinate tissue with SEs appeared not to influence the VH-Cϵ repertoire in 24 hours, but SED + IL-4 may have inhibited VH-Cϵ transcription in allergic patients. Evidence of local antigen stimulation prior to SE incubation was evident in one of the patients; a large VH5 clonal family exhibiting extensive somatic hypermutation was present throughout the nasal turbinate. FACS sorting of Phl pl-binding plasma cells and single cell RT-PCR enabled cloning of a scFv fragment representing the V regions of a physiological, allergen-specific antibody expressed in allergic nasal mucosa. The scFv cloning protocol has also been applied to VH5 genes of interest, thus facilitating the study of their protein structure and function. This research increases the evidence for local, VH5-selecting, superantigen activity in the nasal mucosa and has developed a platform for further investigation of nasal antibody- superantigen / allergen interactions in allergic rhinitis.
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Books on the topic "Inflammation of the nasal mucosa"

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Eriksson, Catarina. Herbicide-induced toxicity in the nasal olfactory mucosa: Studies on Dichlobenil and Chlorthiamid. Sveriges Lantbruksuniversitet, 1995.

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Division, Medicode (Firm) Med-Index, ed. Midface--sinus & nasal mucosa. Medicode, Med-Index Division, 1994.

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Drake-Lee, A. B. Nasal mast cells: A preliminary report on their ultrastructure. Headley Brothers, 1987.

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Winther, Birgit. Effects on the nasal mucosa of upper respiratory viruses (common cold). Lægeforeningen, 1993.

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Torben, Lildholdt, and Mygind Niels, eds. Nasal polyposis: An inflammatory disease and its treatment. Munksgaard, 1997.

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H, Stead Ron, ed. Neuro-immuno-physiology of the gastrointestinal mucosa: Implications for inflammatory diseases. New York Academy of Sciences, 1992.

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Falk Symposium (133rd 2004 Berlin, Germany). Mechanisms of intestinal inflammation: Implications for therapeutic intervention in IBD : proceedings of Falk Symposium 133 (New Findings on Pathogenesis and Progress in Management of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Part I) held in Berlin, Germany, June 10-11, 2003. Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2004.

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R, Mahida Y., ed. Immunological aspects of gastroenterology. Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2001.

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Juliusson, Sigurdur. Allergic inflammation in the nasal mucosa: A clinical, morphological and biochemical study in allergic rhinitis with special reference to mast cells. 1993.

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Reintjes, Staci, and Susie Peterson. Rhinosinusitis. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199976805.003.0012.

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Rhinosinusitis is inflammation of the nasal passages and paranasal sinuses, commonly caused by allergies or viral infection. Sinusitis occurs after the development of rhinitis or inflammation of the nasal passages. Rhinitis is most commonly caused by allergens, but it also can be to the result of an infectious or autoimmune process. For rhinitis to progress to rhinosinusitis, there must be obstruction within the ostiomeatal complex, which is the draining center for the maxillary, anterior ethmoid, and frontal sinuses. History and physical exam are more specific than imaging for diagnosis. Complications arising from sinusitis can cause extensive morbidity if not recognized early. The most common complication is periorbital cellulitis arising from ethmoidal sinusitis. Evaluate for severe complications in immunocompromised patients. Adjunctive therapies to relieve nasal obstruction include medications that decrease mucosal edema as well as increase clearance of congestion. Consider avoiding antibiotics if symptoms are of short duration and are consistent with viral sinusitis.
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Book chapters on the topic "Inflammation of the nasal mucosa"

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Shimizu, Takeshi, and Shino Shimizu. "Differential Properties of Mucous Glycoproteins Produced by Allergic Inflammation and Lipopolysaccharide Stimulation in Rat Nasal Epithelium." In Recent Advances in Tonsils and Mucosal Barriers of the Upper Airways. KARGER, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000324632.

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Kerns, William D. "Polypoid Adenoma, Nasal Mucosa, Rat." In Respiratory System. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-96846-4_5.

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Kern, Eugene B., David A. Sherris, Hirohito Kita, and Jens U. Ponikau. "Fungal-Induced Inflammation and Nasal Polyps." In Nasal Polyposis. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-11412-0_11.

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Whisler, Ronald L. "Arthralgias and Nasal Inflammation." In Contemporary Internal Medicine. Springer US, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-6716-5_7.

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Bitter, Christoph, Katja Suter-Zimmermann, and Christian Surbera. "Nasal Drug Delivery in Humans." In Topical Applications and the Mucosa. KARGER, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000321044.

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Armstrong, Michelle, Shonagh Walker, Jenifer Mains, and Clive G. Wilson. "Drug Delivery Across the Nasal Mucosa." In Mucoadhesive Materials and Drug Delivery Systems. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118794203.ch03.

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Kerns, William D. "Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Nasal Mucosa, Rat." In Respiratory System. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-96846-4_7.

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De Schryver, Els, Lien Calus, Lara Derycke, Claus Bachert, and Philippe Gevaert. "Local Nasal Inflammation: T Cells and B Cells." In Nasal Physiology and Pathophysiology of Nasal Disorders. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-37250-6_4.

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Ponikau, Jens U., Kristina F. Powers, David A. Sherris, Hirohito Kita, and Eugene B. Kern. "Fungal-Induced Inflammation and Nasal Polyps." In Nasal Polyposis and its Management. Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-33199-2_15.

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Krstić, Radivoj V. "Glandular Epithelia. Endoepithelial Gland of Human Nasal Mucosa." In General Histology of the Mammal. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-70420-8_36.

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Conference papers on the topic "Inflammation of the nasal mucosa"

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Carson, Johnny L., Albert M. Collier, and Milan J. Hazucha. "Inflammation And Tight Junction Fragmentation In The Nasal Mucosa Of Active Smokers." In American Thoracic Society 2012 International Conference, May 18-23, 2012 • San Francisco, California. American Thoracic Society, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2012.185.1_meetingabstracts.a1743.

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Bitenc Zore, Sara, and Robert Šifrer. "Narrow-Band Imaging – Clinical Application in Otorhinolaryngology." In Socratic Lectures 8. University of Lubljana Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.55295/psl.2023.i10.

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Narrow-Band Imaging (NBI) is an optical endoscopic technique using optic filters to select two wavebands from a white light source and revealing mucosal and submucosal vascular patterns. NBI endoscopy is implemented to detect various lesions of the nasal and oral cavity, oropharynx and hypopharynx, and larynx; for finding bleeding vessel in recurrent epistaxis, for more precise tissue biopsy, in the diagnostics of synchronous cancers, for tumours of unknown origin, in defining surgical margins, inflammation and for follow-up of oncologic patients. According to lesion area in otorhinolaryngology, three classifications are known for observation of suspicious lesions: the “IPCL classification” for oral mucosa, the Ni's classification, and the classification recommended by the European Laryngological Society, for vocal cords. The correct recognition of vascular patterns by physician is strongly influenced by the learning curve of the clinician. In line with limits of NBI, a tissue biopsy remains the gold standard for definitive proof of malignancy. However, NBI endoscopy is especially useful tool for early detection of malignant and precursor lesions when the lesions are invisible during classical otorhinolaryngological examination. Keywords: Narrow-band Imaging; Endoscope; Blue and green light; Vascular pattern; Detecting carcinoma
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Huriyati, Effy. "Correlation of Inflammation Mediator Profile Expression Between Tissues and Mucosal in Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyp." In Proceedings of the 1st EAI International Conference on Medical And Health Research, ICoMHER November 13-14th 2018, Padang, West Sumatera, Indonesia. EAI, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.13-11-2018.2283554.

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Jia, Yanlin, Gissela Lieber, Robbie L. McLeod, and John Anthes. "Corticosteroids Induce Vasoconstriction In Porcine Nasal Mucosa." In American Thoracic Society 2011 International Conference, May 13-18, 2011 • Denver Colorado. American Thoracic Society, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2011.183.1_meetingabstracts.a2778.

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von Fournier, Armin, Silke Hummel, Till Meyer, Stephan Hackenberg, Agmal Scherzad, and Maria Steinke. "Detection of microplastics in human nasal mucosa." In 95th Annual Meeting German Society of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Head and Neck Surgery e. V., Bonn. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0044-1784504.

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Schmitz, P., and G. Strauß. "Effects of regeneration factors in nasal mucosa dysfunctions." In Abstract- und Posterband – 89. Jahresversammlung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für HNO-Heilkunde, Kopf- und Hals-Chirurgie e.V., Bonn – Forschung heute – Zukunft morgen. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1640904.

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Sooklal, Valmiki, Jesse McClure, Luke Hooper, and Michael Larson. "A laser device for fusion of nasal mucosa." In BiOS, edited by Nikiforos Kollias, Bernard Choi, Haishan Zeng, et al. SPIE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.843854.

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Zhu, Rui, Ryan Owen, Tracy Staton, et al. "Characterization of omalizumab partitioning in the nasal mucosa of patients." In ERS International Congress 2019 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2019.pa1657.

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Barbero, Juan M. Revuelta, Roberto M. Soriano, Rima S. Rindler, et al. "Purely Nasal Floor Mucosa Free Graft for EEA Transellar Postoperative Defects." In 31st Annual Meeting North American Skull Base Society. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1743981.

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Santomasi, Carla, Andrea Portacci, Federica Barratta, et al. "Correlation between nasal inflammation and COVID-19 related pneumonia evaluated by nasal cytology." In ERS International Congress 2021 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2021.pa524.

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Reports on the topic "Inflammation of the nasal mucosa"

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Tengamnuay, Parkpoom, Achariya Sailasuta, and Garnpimol C. Ritthidej. Efficacy and mechanistic studies of chitosan as nasal absorption enhancer of peptide drugs. Chulalongkorn University, 1998. https://doi.org/10.58837/chula.res.1998.21.

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Abstract:
Objective: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of chitosan (CS) as nasal absorption enhances of peptides. Methods: Two types of chitosans, i.e. CS J (free amine chitosan) and CD G (water-soluble glutamate salt), were evaluate for their masal absorption enhancing effectd on L-Tyr-D-Arg([D-Arg[square]]-Kyotorphic), an enzymatically stable dipeptide, using an in situ rat nasal perfusion technique. The two chitosans were subsequently studies for their possible membrane damaging effects based on measurements of releases mucosal components and histological evaluation. Results: At 0.5% w/v, both CS J and CS G were effects in enhancing the nasal absorption of [D-Arg[square]]-Kyotorphin, The enhancing effect of CS J was significantly greater at pH 4.0 than at pH 5.0 and 6.0 (p&lt;0.05) in accordance with the nature of the free amine chitosan to swell and dissolve better in the more acidic conditions. However, there were no significant differences in the adjuvantactivity of the soluble acid salt CS G at pH 4.0, 5.0 and 6.0 (p&gt;0.05). CS J and G were subsequently selected for further studies at their optimum pH (4.0 for CS J and 6.0 for CS G). At only 0.02% w/v, their enhancing effects were already significant and similar to that of 5% w/v hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HP-beta-CD). Determination of the protein and phosphorus content in the nasal perfusates indicated that the two chitosans, at 0.1% w/v, caused minimal release of these substances similae to that of HP-beta-CD (p&gt;0.05). However, they were much smaller than the previously reported values for dimethy-beta-cyclodextrin, an effective enhancer which, at 5% w/v, gave the protein values phoshorus release rates about 4-7 folds higher than chitisans. Morphological evaluation of the rat nasal mucosa following daily administration of 1% w/v CS J and G and 5% w/v HP-beta-CD for 14 days indicated that the three enhanced produced only mild to moderate irritation, the most common signs being mucus hypersecretion andgoblet cell distention. The effects of the two chitosans on the rat nasal epithelial integrity were also reversible as judged from the reduction in the extent of lactate dehydrogenase release, a cytosolic enzyme maker, following removal of chitosans from the nasal mucosa. Conclusions: Both CS J and CS G were effective in enhancing nasal absorption of [D-Arg[square]]-Kytotorphin. Results from the mucosal compenent release, morphological and reversibility studies indicated that chitosans may have a potential for further studies as a safe and effective nasal absorption enhancer.
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