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Books on the topic 'Inflammatory response syndrome'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 15 February 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Dorinsky, Paul M. The Sepsis syndrome. W.B. Saunders, 1996.

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2

Barra, Pedro Miguel Craveiro. RNA turnover and energy metabolism of children with systemic inflammatory response syndrome and sepsis. University of Surrey Roehampton, 2001.

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3

K, Choi Augustine M., ed. Acute respiratory distress syndrome. 2nd ed. Informa Healthcare USA, 2009.

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4

Cavaillon, Jean-Marc, and Christophe Adrie. Sepsis and non-infectious systemic inflammation: From biology to critical care. Wiley-VCH, 2009.

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5

Moaveni, Daria M. Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome and Sepsis in the Pregnant Patient. Edited by Matthew D. McEvoy and Cory M. Furse. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190226459.003.0047.

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The chapter “Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome and Sepsis in the Pregnant Patient” reviews diagnostic criteria for sepsis in pregnant women, as well as the etiology, risk factors, workup, and treatment of this preventable and treatable cause of maternal morbidity and mortality. It also briefly reviews the history and epidemiology of sepsis. It compares the original diagnostic criteria for systemic inflammatory response syndrome established in 1992, the sepsis diagnostic criteria from the Surviving Sepsis Campaign, and the Sepsis in Obstetrics Score. It discusses the initial workup and re

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6

Choi, Augustine M. K. Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Taylor & Francis Group, 2016.

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7

Acute respiratory distress syndrome. 2nd ed. Informa Healthcare USA, 2010.

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8

Choi, Augustine M. K. Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Taylor & Francis Group, 2016.

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9

(Editor), Arthur E. Baue, Eugen Faist (Editor), and Donald Fry (Editor), eds. Multiple Organ Failure: Pathophysiology, Prevention, and Therapy. Springer, 2000.

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10

Yurdakul, Sebahattin, Emire Seyahi, and Hasan Yazici. Behçet’s syndrome. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642489.003.0135.

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Behçet's syndrome is a systemic inflammatory panvasculitis (affecting all sizes of vessels) of unknown aetiology. It is in vogue to include it among the systemic autoinflammatory conditions. Behçet's syndrome is more frequent along the ancient 'Silk Route' across Asia than it is in Western countries. The usual onset is the second or third decade, equally affecting either gender. However, young patients and male patients have more severe disease. Almost all patients have recurrent oral ulceration. Scar-forming genital ulcers, a variety of skin lesions including acneiform, erythema nodosum-like

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11

Bittner, Edward A., and Shawn P. Fagan. The host response to trauma and burns in the critically ill. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0304.

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Following severe traumatic injury, patients enter a state of immune dysregulation consisting of both exaggerated inflammation and immune suppression. Traditionally, the host response has been viewed as an early systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) followed temporally by a compensatory anti-inflammatory or immune-suppressive response syndrome (CARS). While this paradigm has been widely accepted across both medical and scientific fields, recent advances have challenged this concept. The Glue grant investigators recently characterized both the initial inflammatory response to injury and

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12

(Editor), John C. Marshall, and Jonathan Cohen (Editor), eds. Immune Response in the Criticaly Ill (Update in Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine). Springer-Verlag Telos, 1999.

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13

Cavaillon, Jean-Marc, and Christophe Adrie. Sepsis and Non-Infectious Systemic Inflammation: From Biology to Critical Care. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2009.

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14

Cooke, Graham. Sepsis. Edited by Patrick Davey and David Sprigings. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199568741.003.0309.

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Sepsis is a clinical syndrome defined by the presence of both infection and a systemic inflammatory response with or without organ damage. The pathogenesis of sepsis is complex and may differ according to the infecting microbe, the site of primary infection, and the host’s immunological and physiological status prior to infection. The term ‘systemic inflammatory response syndrome’ refers to the clinical manifestations of a dysregulated host immune response, while ‘bacteraemia’, in contrast, refers to the presence of viable organisms that can be cultured from blood.

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15

Cohen, Jeffrey A., Justin J. Mowchun, Victoria H. Lawson, and Nathaniel M. Robbins. A 63-Year-Old Male with Severe Flaccid Weakness Post Motor Vehicle Accident. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190491901.003.0009.

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Neuromuscular disorders are important causes of newly acquired weakness in the intensive care unit. Although evaluation usually begins with physical examination findings, these can be compromised in the intensive care unit environment. Therefore, electrodiagnostic study becomes even more important as a tool in localizing weakness to nerve, muscle or neuromuscular junction. Critical illness neuropathy and myopathy occurs in the setting of sepsis and multiple organ failure where sepsis is accompanied by the systemic inflammatory response syndrome. Additional, intensive care unit-specific risk fa

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16

Adam, Sheila, Sue Osborne, and John Welch. Sepsis and multiple organ dysfunction. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199696260.003.0010.

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Sepsis—a dysregulated systemic inflammatory response to infection—occurs at some point in most critical illnesses, and is the most common cause of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). Patients with MODS always present great challenges to the critical care team and are often at high risk of death. This chapter discusses the latest thinking about the infective causes and complex evolution of sepsis, with details of how each of the main body systems can be affected (e.g. in the form of acute respiratory distress syndrome) and how different organ functions can be assessed and dysfunction re

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17

Shaefi, Shahzad, and Aaron Mittel. Disruption of Diffusion. Edited by Matthew D. McEvoy and Cory M. Furse. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190226459.003.0019.

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Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI), and transfusion-associated circulatory overload (TACO) are common conditions in critically ill patients that lead to pulmonary edema and hypoxemia. The nonhydrostatic edema characteristic of ARDS and TRALI is caused by an intense inflammatory response leading to increased microvascular permeability and alveolar injury. TACO is an acute hydrostatic edema temporally associated with events that precipitate lung injury. Lung-protective ventilation is the mainstay of therapy for ARDS and TRALI; optimizing gas

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18

Waldmann, Carl, Neil Soni, and Andrew Rhodes. Infection and inflammation. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199229581.003.0027.

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Pathophysiology of sepsis and multi-organ failure 462Infection control—general principles 464HIV 466Severe falciparum malaria 468Vasculitides in the ICU 470Source control 472Selective decontamination of the digestive tract (SDD) 474Markers of infection 476Adrenal insufficiency and sepsis 478Infectious agents entering the body lead to local inflammation, pus and abscess formation, and affect the whole body through systemic inflammation. Systemic inflammation is recognized by the presence of fever, abnormal WCC, and increased heart and respiratory rate, and is known as systemic inflammatory resp

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19

Patel, Sameer, and Julia Wendon. Pathophysiology and causes of acute hepatic failure. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0194.

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Acute liver failure (ALF) is a rare, life-threatening clinical syndrome, resulting in loss of hepatic metabolic and immunological function, in a person with no prior history of liver disease. Mortality can still exceed 50%. ALF is characterized by hepatic encephalopathy (HE) and coagulopathy, occurring within days or weeks. Establishing aetiology is essential for treatment, prognostication, and liver transplantation consideration. Viral hepatitis and drug-induced liver failure are the two commonest causes worldwide. Aetiology and time of onset of encephalopathy determines prognosis. Disease pr

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20

Nicholson, Grainne, and George M. Hall. Neuroendocrine physiology in anaesthetic practice. Edited by Jonathan G. Hardman. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642045.003.0008.

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This chapter describes the hormonal, metabolic, and inflammatory response to surgery—commonly known as the surgical stress response. The changes in protein, carbohydrate, and fat metabolism to provide fuel for oxidation are outlined as well as changes in salt and water metabolism. Psychological sequelae of fatigue and malaise are also common in patients undergoing surgery. Attenuating the metabolic and endocrine changes associated with surgery may reduce postoperative morbidity and expedite recovery; the choice of anaesthetic drugs and techniques (regional vs general anaesthesia) and the incre

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21

Keh, Didier. Steroids in critical illness. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0054.

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The benefit of prolonged application of moderate-dose corticosteroids in systemic inflammatory diseases remains controversial. In critical illness, the endogenous cortisol effect may become insufficient due to adrenal dysfunction and corticosteroid resistance to counterbalance an exaggerated and protracted inflammatory response, which has been termed ‘critical illness-related corticosteroid insufficiency’ (CIRCI). There is evidence that moderate-dose hydrocortisone (200–300 mg/day) significantly fastens shock reversal in patients with septic shock, but may improve survival probably only in pat

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22

Rider, Lisa G., and Frederick W. Miller. Outcome assessment in the idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. Edited by Hector Chinoy and Robert Cooper. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198754121.003.0016.

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Due to their rarity, heterogeneity, and multispecialty nature, the myositis syndromes have limited data-driven consensus on appropriate outcome measures. Recently, two international, multispecialty consortia developed new tools and consensus on core set measures of myositis disease activity and damage, as well as response criteria that are now recommended for use as clinical trial endpoints but will also be useful in clinical practice. Magnetic resonance imaging, muscle ultrasound, selected laboratory tests, and immunological biomarkers—including cytokines, chemokines, lymphocyte flow cytometr

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23

Smith, Rebecca. Smallpox. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199976805.003.0063.

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Symptoms of the smallpox virus include fever and a progressive papular rash that becomes vesicular and then pustular. A systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) leads to septic shock and death in 30% of cases. The definitive diagnosis can be confirmed via blood samples, lesion contents, or scrapings from crusts analyzed using electron microscopy, viral antigen immunohistochemistry, or polymerase chain reaction. The suspicion of a single smallpox case should lead to immediate notification of local public health authorities and the hospital epidemiologist. Because the disease does not exis

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24

Dalbeth, Nicola. Basic calcium phosphate crystal deposition. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199668847.003.0053.

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Basic calcium phosphate (BCP) crystals deposit within periarticular and articular sites, leading to a variety of clinical presentations. The most well-recognized clinical syndromes associated with BCP crystal deposition are calcific tendinitis and BCP crystal-associated destructive arthritis such as Milwaukee shoulder syndrome. There is emerging evidence that BCP crystals also play a role in osteoarthritis pathogenesis. Within the joint, tissue responses to BCP crystals include induction of pro-catabolic and inflammatory pathways. Clinical management of BCP crystal-associated arthropathies is

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25

Ramdass, Ranjit. Neurophysiology in the assessment of inflammatory myopathies. Edited by Hector Chinoy and Robert Cooper. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198754121.003.0015.

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Clinical neurophysiology (electrodiagnosis) includes the assessment of peripheral nerves by electrical stimulation (nerve conduction studies, NCS) and needle examination of muscles (electromyography, EMG). Electrodiagnostic assessment is a functional extension of clinical examination into the laboratory. It plays an important role in the investigation of a patient suspected of having myositis, providing valuable information regarding peripheral nerve, neuromuscular junction and muscle functions, to better characterize clinical syndromes. NCS can establish the presence and quantify the severity

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26

O’Brien, Alastair. Pathophysiology, diagnosis, and assessment of acute or chronic hepatic failure. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0199.

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Cirrhosis is an increasing problem and prognosis following intensive care unit admission is poor. Acute on chronic liver failure (ACLF) is a separate entity to cirrhosis with organ failure at the core of this syndrome. Infection and the associated systemic inflammatory responses are the most important precipitants of ACLF. Clinical assessment should follow the standard airway breathing circulation disability exposure approach to the critically-ill patient.

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27

Straub, Rainer H. Neuroendocrine system. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642489.003.0022.

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Endocrine abnormalities are very common in patients with chronic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (CARDs) due to the systemic involvement of the central nervous system and endocrine glands. In recent years, the response of the endocrine (and also neuronal) system to peripheral inflammation has been linked to overall energy regulation of the diseased body and bioenergetics of immune cells. In CARDs, hormonal and neuronal pathways are outstandingly important in partitioning energy-rich fuels from muscle, brain, and fat tissue to the activated immune system. Neuroendocrine regulation of fuel allocat

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28

Straub, Rainer H. Neuroendocrine system. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642489.003.0022_update_002.

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Endocrine abnormalities are very common in patients with chronic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (CARDs) due to the systemic involvement of the central nervous system and endocrine glands. In recent years, the response of the endocrine (and also neuronal) system to peripheral inflammation has been linked to overall energy regulation of the diseased body and bioenergetics of immune cells. In CARDs, hormonal and neuronal pathways are outstandingly important in partitioning energy-rich fuels from muscle, brain, and fat tissue to the activated immune system. Neuroendocrine regulation of fuel allocat

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29

Straub, Rainer H. Neuroendocrine system. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642489.003.0022_update_003.

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Endocrine abnormalities are very common in patients with chronic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (CARDs) due to the systemic involvement of the central nervous system and endocrine glands. In recent years, the response of the endocrine (and also neuronal) system to peripheral inflammation has been linked to overall energy regulation of the diseased body and bioenergetics of immune cells. In CARDs, hormonal and neuronal pathways are outstandingly important in partitioning energy-rich fuels from muscle, brain, and fat tissue to the activated immune system. Neuroendocrine regulation of fuel allocat

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30

Kamat, Deepak M., Henry M. Adam, and Rebecca A. Baum, eds. Quick Reference Guide to Pediatric Care. 2nd ed. American Academy of Pediatrics, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/9781610021128.

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Significantly revised and updated, the second edition of this popular quick reference guide provides information and advice on 190 areas of current pediatric care, everything from abdominal pain and ADHD, to headache and herpes infections, to weight loss and wheezing. This indispensable resource delivers practical, action-orientated, clinical solutions for healthcare professionals to use during or between patient encounters. Authoritative content is presented in a concise outline format that helps speed and simplify decision-making. Regardless of the patient presentation you're confronted with

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31

Whitworth, Caroline, and Stewart Fleming. Malignant hypertension. Edited by Neil Turner. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0216.

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Malignant hypertension (MH) is recognized clinically by elevated blood pressure together with retinal haemorrhages or exudates with or without papilloedema (grades III or IV hypertensive retinopathy); and may constitute a hypertensive emergency or crisis when complicated by evidence of end-organ damage including microangiopathic haemolysis, encephalopathy, left ventricular failure, and renal failure. Though reversible, it remains a significant cause of end-stage renal failure, and of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular morbidity and mortality in developing countries.MH can complicate pre-existi

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32

Shaibani, Aziz. Distal Leg Weakness. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199898152.003.0016.

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Plantar flexion and/or extension weakness is usually neuromuscular in nature. Rarely, focal foot dystonia, ankle arthritis, and spasticity lead to diagnostic confusion. Painful sequential foot drop is a common feature of vasculitis. Preserved EDB bulk in the face of foot drop is a feature of myopathy. Progressive painless weakness of the foot flexion and extension with normal sensation and brisk deep tendon reflexes are typically seen in ALS. In patients with chronic bilateral foot drop, examination of the scapulae is essential to rule out scapuloperoneal syndrome and FSHD. In inflammatory neu

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33

Shaibani, Aziz. Distal Leg Weakness. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190661304.003.0016.

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Plantar flexion and extension weakness are usually neuromuscular in nature. Rarely, focal foot dystonia, ankle arthritis, and spasticity lead to diagnostic confusion. Painful, sequential foot drop is a common feature of vasculitis. Preserved extensor digitorum brevis (EDB) bulk in the face of foot drop is a feature of myopathy. Progressive, painless weakness of the foot flexion and extension with normal sensation and brisk deep tendon reflexes (DTRs) are typically seen in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). In patients with chronic, bilateral foot drop, examination of the scapulae is essentia

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34

Amato, Marcelo, and Andreas Wolfgang Reske. Ventilator trauma in the critically ill. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0101.

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Ventilator trauma refers to complications of mechanical ventilation, which have an impact on morbidity and mortality. Two major forms of ventilator trauma may be distinguished—an acute form related to rupture of airspaces causing air-leak syndrome and a subacute form causing protracted inflammatory responses. A key feature of mechanically-ventilated lungs is the presence of non-aerated and unstable regions due to atelectasis, oedema, or consolidation. Because of mechanical interdependence, pressures acting in non-uniformly expanded lungs at the boundaries between non-aerated and aerated lung m

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35

Froio, Sara, and Franco Valenza. Aspiration of gastric contents in the critically ill. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0106.

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This chapter focuses on the pathophysiology, clinical features, management and prevention of aspiration pneumonitis, aspiration pneumonia, and airway obstruction. Aspiration is defined as the inhalation of oropharyngeal or gastric contents into the larynx and lower respiratory tract. Pulmonary syndromes caused by aspiration are different, depending on the amount and nature of the aspirated material, the frequency of aspiration and the host’s response. This results in a chemical burn of tracheobronchial tree and pulmonary parenchyma. The caustic effects of the low pH of the aspirate cause an in

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36

Lloyd, Sheelagh, and Eric R. Morgan. Toxocarosis. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198570028.003.0071.

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Toxocara canis and the syndromes of visceral and ocular larva migrans (VLM, OLM), covert toxocarosis, and neurological toxocarosis are described. Other potential agents, particularly Toxocara cati and Baylisascaris procyonis , are described. The transmission dynamics of toxocarosis to humans have never been fully elucidated, but the potential roles of pet and stray dogs, foxes, cats, and the influence of their population densities, and age demographies, are discussed in relation to contamination of the environment with eggs. Routes of infection with eggs by geophagia, poor hygiene outdoors and

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37

Voll, Reinhard E., and Barbara M. Bröker. Innate vs acquired immunity. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642489.003.0048.

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The innate and the adaptive immune system efficiently cooperate to protect us from infections. The ancient innate immune system, dating back to the first multicellular organisms, utilizes phagocytic cells, soluble antimicrobial peptides, and the complement system for an immediate line of defence against pathogens. Using a limited number of germline-encoded pattern recognition receptors including the Toll-like, RIG-1-like, and NOD-like receptors, the innate immune system recognizes so-called pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). PAMPs are specific for groups of related microorganisms

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38

Septic Shock: Methods and Protocols (Methods in Molecular Medicine). Humana Press, 2000.

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