Relevant bibliographies by topics / Influence of grain size

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Academic literature on the topic 'Influence of grain size'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 5 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Influence of grain size"

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Takayama, Yoshimasa, Tatsumi Tozawa, Hajime Kato, Norio Furushiro, and Shigenori Hori. "Influence of Grain Size Distribution on Estimation of Mean Grain Size." Journal of the Japan Institute of Metals 52, no. 9 (1988): 835–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2320/jinstmet1952.52.9_835.

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Borysovska, K. M., Y. M. Podrezov, and S. O. Firstov. "Influence of grain size on mechanisms of plastic deformation and yield stress." Uspihi materialoznavstva 2020, no. 1 (December 1, 2020): 26–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/materials2020.01.026.

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The influence of grain size on the physical yield strength of the polycrystal is considered by the method of cellular automata. The physical yield strength of the polycrystal in this model is defined as the stress at which, the plastic deformation covers the entire cross section of the sample from one edge to another. Three mechanisms of plastic deformation are considered. The first one is an initiation of plastic flow from grain to grain by dislocation pile-ups. The second one is plastic flow in different grains independently of each other under the action of external stress and the third one is intergranular slippage. Computer simulations have shown that at large grain sizes (d > 200 nm) deformation propagates from grain to grain by initiating dislocations pile-ups, since in this case pile-ups are quite powerful and have a large effect on neighboring grains. At average values of grain size (20 nm <d <200 nm) plastic deformation occurs in the grains independently of each other, and the external strain give a major influence on plastic deformation. With further reduction of the grain sizes (d <20 nm) the main mechanism of deformation is intergranular slippage. because in grains of this size are quite large image stresses that do not allow large dislocation clusters. In small grains the image forces are quite large to prevent large dislocation pile-ups formation, but the mass and volume of grain are quite small to turn or slip its under the action of external stresses. In accordance with these mechanisms, on the calculated dependence of the physical yield strength vs grain size, there are three areas with different angles of inclination in logarithmic coordinates. Keywords: yield point, grain size, Hall―Petch low.
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Kawagoishi, Norio, Hironobu Nisitani, Masahiro Goto, and Qiang Chen. "OS4-4-1 Influence of grain size on fatigue properties in carbon steel." Abstracts of ATEM : International Conference on Advanced Technology in Experimental Mechanics : Asian Conference on Experimental Mechanics 2007.6 (2007): _OS4–4–1–1—_OS4–4–1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeatem.2007.6._os4-4-1-1.

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Bower, A. F., and M. Ortiz. "The Influence of Grain Size on the Toughness of Monolithic Ceramics." Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology 115, no. 3 (July 1, 1993): 228–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2904212.

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Experiments have shown that there may be an optimal grain size which maximizes the toughness of polycrystalline ceramics. In this paper, we attempt to develop a theoretical model which can predict the effect of grain size on the toughness of ceramics. We assume that three principal mechanisms affect the toughness of the material: distributed microcracking; crack trapping by tough grains; and frictional energy dissipation as grains are pulled out in the wake of the crack. The grain size influences these mechanisms in several ways. The energy dissipated due to frictional crack bridging increases with the size of the bridging grains, tending to improve toughness. However, as the grain size increases, the density of microcracks in the solid also increases, which eventually weakens the material. In addition, the level of inter-granular residual stress is also reduced by microcracking, which as a detrimental effect on the toughening due to bridging. We have developed a simple model to quantify these effects. However, the model does not predict the dramatic loss of strength which has been observed to occur beyond a critical grain size. We have therefore proposed an alternative explanation for the apparent decrease in toughness in coarse grained ceramics. Calculations indicate that in a coarse grained material, the main contribution to toughness is due to frictional crack bridging. However, to produce this toughening, the bridging zone must be over 500 grains long. In practice, the length of the bridging zone in a coarse grained solid may be comparable to the dimensions of the specimen used to measure its toughness. Under these conditions, it is not appropriate to use the concept of a geometry independent toughness to characterize the strength of the specimen. We have therefore developed a simple model of a double cantilever beam fracture specimen, which accounts for the effects of large scale bridging. Using this model, we are able to predict the apparent decrease in toughness measured in coarse grained specimens.
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Liu, Qing Yu, Qin He Zhang, Jian Hua Zhang, and Min Zhang. "Influence of Grain Size and Grain Boundary of Workpiece on Micro EDM." Advanced Materials Research 941-944 (June 2014): 2116–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.941-944.2116.

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Micro EDM is used to machine micro features which are of the same size order as material microstructure of workpiece. Due to the difference of the thermal properties between the crystal grain and grain boundary, the machining performance of micro EDM varies with the crystal grain sizes of workpiece. This paper investigated on the influence of grain size and grain boundary on the machining performance of micro EDM. By drilling micro holes on two pieces of stainless steel 304 (SUS 304) which are different in grain sizes, test results revealed that the characteristics of micro EDM is influenced by grain sizes of workpiece materials significantly.
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Stupar, Vladanka, Aleksandar Paunovic, Milomirka Madic, and Desimir Knezevic. "Influence of genotype and nitrogen nutrition on grain size variability in spring malting barley." Genetika 49, no. 3 (2017): 1095–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gensr1703095s.

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Grain size is an important quality parameter of malting barley, which depends on genotypes, environmental factors and their interactions. Also, grain size is governed by the efficiency of assimilation and translocation of mineral nutrients (mainly nitrogen) during grain endosperm development, which affects grain yield. The aim of this study was to evaluate variability in the percentage of three different grain size classes: class I (thickness ?2.5 mm), class II (2.2-2.5 mm) and class III (<2.2 mm) in spring malting barley genotypes ('Novosadski 448', 'Novosadski 456', 'Dunavac' and 'Jadran'). The experiment was conducted during three years (2012-2014) in a randomized complete block design with three replications at different rates of nitrogen fertilization (N1=45, N2=75, N3=105 and N4=135 kg ha-1). The presence of different grain sizes in barley cultivars in all N fertilization treatments after harvest was investigated. The proportion of the three grain classes was dependent upon year, cultivar and nitrogen fertilization rate. The highest percentage of class I grains was recorded in 'Novosadski 456', and that of class II and class III grains in 'Dunavac'. The percentage of class I grains increased significantly with increasing nitrogen rates up to 75 kg ha-1, stagnated at 105 kg ha-1, and decreased significantly as the nitrogen level was further increased to 135 kg ha-1. Class II and class III grain contents decreased at nitrogen rates up to 105 kg ha-1, but increased significantly at 135 kg ha-1. The best response to favorable environmental conditions and the highest percentage of class I grain in all years were recorded in ?Novosadski 456?. The most favorable effect on grain size in the studied spring malting barley genotypes was exhibited by the nitrogen rate of 75 kg ha-1.
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Savvidou, Sofia, Bertram Bitsch, and Michiel Lambrechts. "Influence of grain growth on the thermal structure of protoplanetary discs." Astronomy & Astrophysics 640 (August 2020): A63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201936576.

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The thermal structure of a protoplanetary disc is regulated by the opacity that dust grains provide. However, previous works have often considered simplified prescriptions for the dust opacity in hydrodynamical disc simulations, for example, by considering only a single particle size. In the present work, we perform 2D hydrodynamical simulations of protoplanetary discs where the opacity is self-consistently calculated for the dust population, taking into account the particle size, composition, and abundance. We first compared simulations utilizing single grain sizes to two different multi-grain size distributions at different levels of turbulence strengths, parameterized through the α-viscosity, and different gas surface densities. Assuming a single dust size leads to inaccurate calculations of the thermal structure of discs, because the grain size dominating the opacity increases with orbital radius. Overall the two grain size distributions, one limited by fragmentation only and the other determined from a more complete fragmentation-coagulation equilibrium, give comparable results for the thermal structure. We find that both grain size distributions give less steep opacity gradients that result in less steep aspect ratio gradients, in comparison to discs with only micrometer-sized dust. Moreover, in the discs with a grain size distribution, the innermost (<5 AU) outward migration region is removed and planets embedded in such discs experience lower migration rates. We also investigated the dependency of the water iceline position on the alpha-viscosity (α), the initial gas surface density (Σg,0) at 1 AU and the dust-to-gas ratio (fDG) and find rice ∝ α0.61Σg,00.8fDG0.37 independently of the distribution used in the disc. The inclusion of the feedback loop between grain growth, opacities, and disc thermodynamics allows for more self-consistent simulations of accretion discs and planet formation.
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Niu, Yanlong, Shujun Jia, Qingyou Liu, Shuai Tong, Ba Li, Yi Ren, and Bing Wang. "Influence of Effective Grain Size on Low Temperature Toughness of High-Strength Pipeline Steel." Materials 12, no. 22 (November 7, 2019): 3672. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12223672.

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In this study, the series temperature Charpy impact and drop-weight tear test (DWTT) were investigated, the misorientation angles among structural boundaries where the cleavage crack propagated were identified, and angles of {100} cleavage planes between adjacent grains along the cleavage crack propagated path were calculated in five directions (0°, 30°, 45°, 60°, and 90° to the rolling direction) of high-grade pipeline steel. Furthermore, the effective grain size (grain with misorientation angles greater than 15°) was redefined, and the quantitative influences of the redefined effective grain size on Charpy impact and DWTT is also discussed synthetically. The results showed that the microstructure presented a typical acicular ferrite characteristic with some polygonal ferrite and M-A islands (composed of martensite and retained austenite), and the distribution of the high-angle grain boundaries were mainly distributed in the range of 45°–65° in different directions. The Charpy impact energy and percent shear area of DWTT in the five directions increased with refinement of the redefined effective grain size, composed of grains with {100} cleavage planes less than 35° between grain boundaries. The ductile-to-brittle transition temperature also decreased with the refining of the redefined effective grain size. The redefined effective grain boundaries can strongly hinder fracture propagation through electron backscattered diffraction analysis of the cleavage crack path, and thus redefined effective grain can act as the effective microstructure unit for cleavage.
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Bai, Yin, Hui Guo, Shan Wu Yang, and Xin Lai He. "Influence of Austenite Grain Size on the Crystallography of Allotriomorphic Ferrite in a Low Carbon Steel." Advanced Materials Research 535-537 (June 2012): 605–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.535-537.605.

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The influence of prior austenite grain size on the crystallography of allotriomorphic ferrite is investigated in a low carbon steel. The results show that as the prior austenite grain size decreasing, the fraction of allotriomorphic ferrites that do not keep K-S orientation relationship with any surrounding prior austenite grains is increased. It is observed that such ferrites usually form at the grain edges or grain corners. It is known that with the grain size decreasing, the fraction of grain edges and corners increases. It is suggested that the free energy of the defects at such nucleation sites is higher than that at grain faces, and the nucleation barrier of ferrite is lower. As a result, the possibility for the ferrite to form that does not have orientation relationship with all surrounding austenite grains is increased at such sites.
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Spath, Sebastian, and Hermann Seitz. "Influence of grain size and grain-size distribution on workability of granules with 3D printing." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 70, no. 1-4 (August 28, 2013): 135–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-013-5210-8.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Influence of grain size"

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Liu, Juan. "Influence of grain size, morphology and aggregation on galena dissolution." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/26202.

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The acidic, non-oxidative dissolution of galena nanocrystals has been studied using both microscopic and wet-chemical methods. The effects of particle size, shape, aggregation state, and grain proximity on dissolution rates were investigated. Nearly monodisperse galena nanocrystals with an average diameter of 14.4 nm and a truncated cubic shape were synthesized. In the dissolution experiments of dispersed nanocrystals, galena nanocrystals attached on the surface of a TEM grid were exposed to deoxygenated HCl solutions (pH 3) at 25 °C. Capping groups on nanocrystals were removed via a washing process, and chemistry of nanocrystals was examined using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The evolution of the size and shape of the pre- and post-dissolution nanocrystals were studied using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and the dissolution rate was calculated directly according to the size shrinking of galena nanocrystals. To assess the size effect, galena microcrystals (~ 3 μm) were synthesized and dissolved under similar conditions to the dispersed nanocrystals. The results showed that the nanocrystals dissolved at a surface area normalized rate of one order of magnitude faster than the microcrystals. In addition, dissolution rate is orientationdependent on a single nanocrystal. High-resolution TEM (HRTEM) images indicated the {111} and {110} faces dissolve faster than {100} faces on galena nanocrystals, rationalized by the average coordination number of ions on each of these faces. To assess the aggregation effect, dissolution experiments of aggregated galena nanocrystals were conducted using a wet-chemical method, and the results were compared with the rates of microcrystals and dispersed nanocrystals. These experiments showed that the rate of aggregated nanocrystals is in the same order of magnitude as the rate of microcrystals, but one order of magnitude smaller than that of dispersed nanocrystals. Finally, the effect of the close proximity between nanocrystals on dissolution was observed by HRTEM. Dissolution was greatly inhibited on nanocrystal surfaces that were closely adjacent (1-2nm, or less) to other nanocrystals, which is probably relevant to the slow dissolution of aggregated nanocrystals. The dissolution phenomena of galena nanocrystals observed in this study is likely important for understanding the environmental fate and behavior of nanoparticles in aquatic systems.
Ph. D.
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Moiz, Muhammad. "The influence of grain size on mechanical properties of Inconel 718." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Konstruktionsmaterial, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-113148.

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The thesis work discuss about how the materials mechanical properties are influenced by the microstructure. The most common way of altering the microstructure of the material is by heat treatment.The mechanical properties that are of interest are strength, toughness, ductility, creep and fatigue. The material under consideration iswidely used superalloy In718. Two different sets of specimens areheat treated at different temperatures and influence of heat treatmenton the grain size is analyzed. In order to get better understanding ofthe grain size on mechanical properties, microstructural investigation was done using SEM. Efforts are made to understand the influence of different elements on the overall characteristic of the material. The tensile, creep and stress relaxation tests were conducted and the results were discussed.
Master Thesis
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Gullberg, Daniel. "Influence of composition, grain size and manufacture process on the anisotropy of tube materials." Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Engineering Sciences, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-125336.

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A problem with cold pilgered tubes for OCTG applications is that they can get anisotropic properties with regard to yield strength. One source of anisotropy is texture that is developed during the cold deformation. EBSD measurements have been made on several austenitic stainless steels with different deformations to see what influence the composition has on the texture formation. The same measurements were used to study the influence of grain size on texture formation. The conclusion was that the composition can have an impact on the texture and hence has potential to also affect the anisotropy. The differences in texture cannot be associated with a specific alloying element, but is rather a synergetic effect. It was also concluded that grain structure has no strong influence on texture formation. An evaluation of three different tool designs used for cold pilgering was made. The designs evaluated are referred to as design A, B and C. EBSD measurements showed large deviations in texture in the middle of the wall compared to close to the surface of pilgered OCTG. However, the measurements showed no large differences between the three designs and the texture could not be coupled to the anisotropy.

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Cain, Victoria. "Influence of grain size and niobium content on the creep resistance of ferritic stainless steels." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/5563.

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Type 441 ferritic stainless steel is used for the production of catalytic converter housings. As the housing is subjected to high temperatures it is necessary that the material offers creep resistance. Type 441 is dual stabilised with Ti and Nb to provide improved weldability; however, Nb addition also enhances the hot strength and creep resistance by means of precipitation and solid solution strengthening. Notwithstanding the Nb strengthening effect, the strong dependence of creep resistance on grain size also means that the relationship between creep resistance and Nb content may be complicated by grain growth inhibition that arises from aspects of solute drag and grain boundary pinning. Thus it may not be simple to predict the relative creep resistance of standard production heats on the basis of Nb level alone and other factors affecting solid solution and grain size also need to be taken into account. Consequently, it is pertinent to evaluate more closely the sensitivity of these parameters in influencing creep resistance by choosing two alloy heats with different Nb contents and subjecting them to a range in heat treatments that will modify solute level and grain size. This thesis reports on the examination of the dependence of creep resistance on Nb level by eliminating the influence of grain size. The latter was achieved by manipulating the post-cold roll recrystallisation temperature in such a way that equivalent grain sizes were produced in two alloy heats with Nb levels of 0.46 and 0.74 wt.% respectively. Although the grain size was essentially stabilised by recrystallisation between 1050-1100 C for 30 minutes, the solution treatment prior to creep testing was varied for each heat to evaluate not only the influence of bulk Nb level on creep resistance, but also to consider the influence of the distribution of Nb in the microstructure. Consequently, the total heat treatment cycle prior to constant load creep testing at 850 C involved recrystallisation, ageing at 700 C, and final solution treatment at 950, 1000 or 1050 C for 200 seconds. The microstructure after the different heat treatments was investigated using light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD). The latter was particularly useful in accurately measuring grain size. The microstructural evolution of both alloys during creep testing was also monitored. This was done in order to examine the microstructural changes that occur during the prolonged creep testing period. Not surprisingly, the creep tests at initial stresses of 5, 10 and 15 MPa all revealed greater creep resistance for the higher Nb-containing alloy heat. However, the correlation with solution treatment practice was much less obvious, particularly for the alloy with the lower Nb content. Detailed analysis of the precipitate distribution after the various heat treatments is presented to illustrate the difference in microstructure that can arise and consequently consideration is given to the influence of precipitation on creep behaviour.
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Waganaar, Spencer. "Influence of median grain size ratio on the strength and liquefaction potential of loose granular fills." Thesis, Florida Atlantic University, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10172612.

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The characterization of silty soils is usually designated by the percentage of silt contained within the soil matrix, along with the soil’s void ratio, which is used to describe the soil’s current state. The use of these parameters to assess a soil’s strength and undrained behavior is limited when finer material is contained within the soil. Therefore, additional parameters must be considered in order to correctly assess the strength and liquefaction potential of silty soils. These additional parameters include the skeleton void ratio, equivalent void ratio and granulometric factors. The current research investigates the influence of granulometric parameters, specifically the Median Grain Size Ratio (D50/ d50), denoted as μDR (or MDR within graphs and charts), on the strength and liquefaction potential of loose silty sands. A series of undrained monotonic triaxial compression tests (σ3’= 69, 83, and 103 kPa) are performed on reconstituted soil samples, using three different base sand samples and a constant silt material. As a result, three distinct median grain size ratios (μDR = 4.2, 6.75, and 9) were tested with fines content ranging from 0-30% for each μDR. The undrained shear strength at all confining pressures tends to increase with in μDR; beyond 10% fines content there was no noticeable influence of μDR. At any μDR the excess PWP is higher than that of clean sand, when fines content is larger than 5% fines content. The slope of the instability line and phase transformation line are directly affected by the μDR and fines content, with an increase in the instability line and decrease in the phase transformation line with a growing μ DR. The results indicate loose granular fills can be designed to be stronger and more resilient under extreme conditions by careful choice of materials in which the μDR>6.75 and the fines content does not exceed 10%.

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Saadi, Yusron. "The influence of different time varying antecedent flows on the stability of mixed grain size deposits." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2002. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/12833/.

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The objective of this work was to examine the impact of unsteady flows on the erosion and movement of mixed grain size sediment. Time varying flows were examined as flowrates in natural rivers are rarely constant. There are very few reported studies on the movement of sediment in unsteady open channel flow and most of those used single sized sediment. River reach has its own sedimentological character and non-uniform beds exhibit very different behaviour from that of single sized material. Therefore it was thought important to examine the impact of time varying flow on the stability of water worked mixed grain size sediment beds. The thesis reports on a series of laboratory experiments in which a bimodal sediment bed was exposed to different flow hydrographs. The flow hydrographs consisted of constant flowrate with different duration and time varying flows with different rising and falling limb but had the same peak flowrate. Each experiment was followed by a stability test in which a standard "triangular shaped hydrograph" was used to assess the stability of each water worked deposit. The stability observation demonstrated that grain size fractions have different thresholds of motion when beds are formed by different antecedent flow patterns. The bed stability increased as the antecedent constant flow hydrograph progressed. The rising and falling limbs of the flowrate hydrographs were found to have a significant effect on the bed stabilisation process. It revealed that the shortest rising limb of flow hydrograph formed the weakest bed while the longest recession limb of flow hydro graph formed the most stable bed. It is believed that the short period of flowrate acceleration did not allow the coarse grains to stabilise with numerous exposed large grains spread on the bed. In a longer duration of recession limb of hydrograph, the coarse grains moved and eventually deposited over a length of time. As the flowrate declined the finer grains also rolled and then deposited forming a strong bond with the coarse grams. These experiments also provided important information on the flow structures and the changes in the bed topography as the tests progressed. There is strong evidence that only upward interactions (ejections) with high momentum magnitude were able to transport coarser grains. The lack of change in the distribution of downward looking-bed interactions (sweeps) in all tests indicated that these features are not important in determining transport. Changes in bed topography were also measured and characteristics of the distribution of bed surface elevation were linked to the observed changes in bed stability.
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Elsenbeck, James R. "Influence of grain size evolution and water content on the seismic structure of the oceanic upper mantle." Thesis, Online version of original thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1912/1821.

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Zhemchuzhnikova, Daria. "Influence of the extreme grain size reduction on plastic deformation instability in an AlMg and AlMgScZr alloys." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0324/document.

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L'élaboration de nouveaux alliages maintient un fort intérêt pour le phénomène d’instabilité plastique, ou l'effet Portevin-Le Chatelier (PLC), provoqué par l'interaction des dislocations avec des atomes de soluté. Par ailleurs, l'effet PLC attire l'intérêt comme un exemple remarquable d'auto-organisation dans les systèmes dynamiques. Il est associé à des motifs complexes de séries de chutes de contrainte liées à la nucléation et au mouvement des bandes de déformation dans le matériau déformé, et nécessite une compréhension de l'auto-organisation des dislocations. La déformation plastique des alliages Al-Mg est sujette à l'instabilité dans une large gamme de conditions expérimentales. Pour cette raison, les alliages Al-Mg binaires ont longtemps servi d'objets modèles pour l'étude de l'effet PLC. En même temps, l'utilisation pratique des alliages binaires Al-Mg est limitée en raison d’une faible résistance mécanique. Une amélioration significative de leurs propriétés peut être atteinte en ajoutant des solutés supplémentaires, conduisant en particulier à la formation de précipités. En outre, une forte réduction de la taille de grains du polycristal pourrait être une technique clé pour produire des matériaux à haute résistance et ténacité. Cependant, il existe très peu d'information, souvent contradictoire, sur l'instabilité PLC dans les alliages Al-Mg à grains fins et contenant des précipités. Le but de l'étude de cette thèse a été d'étudier les caractéristiques spécifiques de l'effet PLC dans les alliages à base AlMg, avec et sans nanoparticules, à gros grains et à grains fins, ces derniers obtenus par une méthode de déformation plastique sévère. Grâce à l’application de méthodes d’extensométrie locale, notamment de la technique de corrélation d’images, ces études ont révélé une persistance non habituelle de la propagation des bandes de déformation dans les alliages comprenant des précipités et/ou des grains fins. Ce mode dynamique est observé dans un large intervalle de vitesses de déformation, tandis qu’il n’apparait qu’à haute vitesse dans des alliages modèles AlMg. Par ailleurs, l’analyse des distributions statistiques des amplitudes des chutes de contrainte a révélé une tendance vers une statistique en loi puissance, caractéristique du mode de propagation. Ce phénomène est attribué à une modification du couplage spatial entre les dislocations, due à la concentration de contraintes internes. La combinaison de ces études avec l’analyse de l’émission acoustique a mis en évidence une influence de la microstructure sur la compétition entre un facteur aléatoire et la synchronisation des dislocations. Enfin, l’étude par corrélation d’images a permis d’observer une interrelation entre l’instabilité PLC et la formation de la striction
The elaboration of new alloys sustains a strong interest to the phenomenon of unstable plastic flow, or the Portevin–Le Chatelier (PLC) effect, caused by interaction of dislocations with solute atoms. Moreover, this effect attracts interest as a rich example of self-organization in dynamical systems. It is associated with complex patterns of stress serrations related to nucleation and motion of deformation bands in the deforming material, and requires understanding of self-organization of dislocations. Plastic deformation of Al-Mg alloys is prone to instability in a wide range of experimental conditions. For this reason, binary Al-Mg alloys served for a long time as model objects for investigation of the PLC effect. At the same time, the practical use of binary Al-Mg alloys is limited because of their low strength. A significant improvement of their properties can be achieved by additional alloying, in particular, leading to precipitation. Further, extensive grain refinement could be a key technique used to produce tough and high- strength materials. However, there exists very limited and often contradictory information on the PLC instability in fine-grained Al-Mg alloys containing precipitates. The objective of the present thesis was to investigate specific features of the PLC effect in AlMg-based alloys with and without nanoscale particles, both in coarse-grained and fine-grained states, the latter obtained by severe plastic deformation. Using local extensometry methods, particularly the image correlation technique, these studies revealed an unusual persistence of the propagation of deformation bands in alloys with precipitates and/or fine grains. This dynamic mode is observed in a wide range of strain rates, whereas it only appears at high strain rate in model Al-Mg alloys. Moreover, the analysis of statistical distributions of stress drop amplitudes revealed a tendency to power law statistics characteristic of the propagation mode. This phenomenon was attributed to a modification of the spatial coupling between dislocations due to the concentration of internal stresses. The combination of these studies with the acoustic emission analysis uncovered an influence of the microstructure on the competition between a random factor and the dislocation synchronization. Finally, the study by the image correlation made it possible to observe an interrelation between the PLC instability and the neck formation
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Härtel, Sebastian, Birgit Awiszus, Marcel Graf, Alexander Nitsche, Marcus Böhme, Martin F. X. Wagner, Hana Jirkova, and Bohuslav Masek. "Influence of Austenite Grain Size on Mechanical Properties after Quench and Partitioning Treatment of a 42SiCr Steel." MDPI AG, 2019. https://monarch.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A34779.

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This paper examines how the initial austenite grain size in quench and partitioning (Q-P) processes influences the final mechanical properties of Q-P steels. Differences in austenite grain size distribution may result, for example, from uneven heating rates of semi-finished products prior to a forging process. In order to quantify this influence, a carefully defined heat treatment of a cylindrical specimen made of the Q-P-capable 42SiCr steel was performed in a dilatometer. Different austenite grain sizes were adjusted by a pre-treatment before the actual Q-P process. The resulting mechanical properties were determined using the upsetting test and the corresponding microstructures were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). These investigations show that a larger austenite grain size prior to Q-P processing leads to a slightly lower strength as well as to a coarser martensitic microstructure in the Q-P-treated material.
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Gaspar, Blake T. "Influence of Grain Size and Widmanstätten Colonies on Variability of Tensile Properties of Forged Ti-6Al-4V." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2014. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1196.

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When testing forgings for specifications, it was found that some parts did not meet the requirements for mechanical properties. This triggered an investigation into two of the parts from the lot that did not meet specification. The ultimate reason for failure was due to lower than necessary yield strength and ultimate tensile strength values, as well as unwanted variability between regions of the part. Therefore, samples of the regions were tensile tested to determine the differences that existed in yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, and elongation. After tensile testing, quantitative metallography and fractography were conducted to identify aspects of the microstructure and fracture surfaces that may have caused the variability. Three aspects of the microstructure that were identified as characteristics that may affect the mechanical properties were: grain size, Widmanstätten colony size, and volume fraction of the β phase. Based on measurements it was determined that a smaller Widmanstätten colony size found to be roughly 120 microns/colony was associated with a larger yield strength and UTS than larger colony sizes of roughly 170 microns/ colony. Grain size also played a role with smaller grain sizes of roughly 1550 microns/grain being associated with a higher yield strength and UTS than the larger grains of roughly 2000 microns/grain. Fractography also suggested that the presence of interlamellar decohesion and trans-lamellar failure may have created sites of further crack initiation, resulting in a lower ultimate tensile strength. These differences were theorized to be caused by a temperature gradient created during the heat treatment that created non-uniform cooling rates, resulting in the differences in microstructural characteristics.
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Books on the topic "Influence of grain size"

1

Gladman, T. Grain size control. Philadelphia, PA: OCP Science, 2004.

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Gladman, T. Grain size control. London: Maney Pub. for the Institute of Materials, Minerals, and Mining, 2004.

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Graf, John C. Lunar soils grain size. Washington D.C: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Office ofManagement, Scientific and Technical Information Division, 1993.

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Brydsten, Lars. A computer program for grain-size analysis. Umeå: University of Umeå, Department of Physical Geography and Geoecology, 1985.

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Hellawell, A. The grain structure of castings: Some aspects of modelling. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1995.

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Wartel, Stanislas. Improvement of grain-size analyses using the automated SEDIGRAPH 5100. Brussel: Koninklijk Belgisch Instituut voor Natuurwetenschappen, 1995.

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Yeung, Chun Fong. Effect of grain size on the flow stress and drawability. Uxbridge: Brunel University, 1993.

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Leinonen, Arvo. Grain size and the miller's power demand in peat milling. Espoo: Technical Research Centre of Finland, 1994.

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Andjelko, Soro, ed. Determination of hydraulic conductivity of porous media from grain-size composition. Littleton, Colo: Water Resources Publications, 1992.

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Luepke, Gretchen. Grain-size, heavy-mineral, and geochemical analyses of sediments from the Chuckchi. Washington, DC: Dept. of the Interior, 1989.

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Book chapters on the topic "Influence of grain size"

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Cagnoux, Jacques, and Antonio Cosculluela. "Influence of Grain Size on Triaxial Dynamic Behavior of Alumina." In Dynamic Failure of Materials, 73–84. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3652-5_6.

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Matuszak, M., P. Kochmański, and B. Powałka. "Workpiece Grain Size Influence on the Vibration in Micro-milling." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 583–88. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-05203-8_77.

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Yusrini, Marita, and Idris Yaacob Iskandar. "Influence of Grain Size on Magnetic Properties of Electroplated NiFe." In Experimental Mechanics in Nano and Biotechnology, 381–84. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-415-4.381.

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Wejrzanowski, T., and Krzysztof J. Kurzydłowski. "Modelling of the Influence of the Grain Size Distribution on the Grain Growth in Nanocrystals." In Solid State Phenomena, 315–18. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/3-908451-02-7.315.

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Sauter, Georg, and Hans Güde. "Influence of grain size on the distribution of tubificid oligochaete species." In Aquatic Oligochaete Biology VI, 97–101. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5452-9_11.

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Li, Gang, Carlos Ovalle, Christophe Dano, and Pierre-Yves Hicher. "Influence of Grain Size Distribution on Critical State of Granular Materials." In Springer Series in Geomechanics and Geoengineering, 207–10. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-32814-5_25.

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Fujimatsu, Takeshi, Motohiro Nishikawa, Kazuya Hashimoto, and Atsushi Yamamoto. "Influence of Repeated Quenching After Carburizing on Prior Austenite Grain Size." In Materials Science Forum, 2345–48. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-462-6.2345.

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Zulnuraini, Zahraa, Noraziana Parimin, and Izzat Mohd Noor. "Influence of Grain Size on Isothermal Oxidation of Fe–33Ni–19Cr Alloy." In Proceedings of the Second International Conference on the Future of ASEAN (ICoFA) 2017 – Volume 2, 917–25. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8471-3_91.

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Pande, G. N. "Influence of Grain Shape and Size on the Behaviour of Granular Materials." In Transient/Dynamic Analysis and Constitutive Laws for Engineering Materials, 729–34. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3655-3_80.

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Bertrand, Sébastien, Konrad Hughen, and Liviu Giosan. "Limited Influence of Sediment Grain Size on Elemental XRF Core Scanner Measurements." In Micro-XRF Studies of Sediment Cores, 473–90. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9849-5_19.

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Conference papers on the topic "Influence of grain size"

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Simonovski, I., and L. Cizelj. "The Influence of the Grain Structure Size on Microstructurally Small Cracks." In 16th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone16-48340.

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Material ageing and fatigue effects play a significant role in safe operation of nuclear power plants. Particular issues are the initialization and propagation of microstructurally small cracks which can represent a significant proportion of a component’s life time. These cracks are still not well understood, one of the reason being that a number of microstructural features have a significant influence on such cracks: crystallographic orientations of grains, grain boundaries, inclusions, voids, material phases, etc. Microstructural features away from the crack have smaller effect on the crack tip parameters. Crack length also plays a role. For a long crack the influence of the surrounding microstructural features will be smaller than for a small crack. A crack of sufficient length can be modeled using classical fracture mechanics methods. The question is when do we reach this point? To try to answer this question we create a model containing a large number of randomly sized, shaped and oriented grains with a crack inserted into a surface grain. Random grain structure is modelled using a given Voronoi tessellation. We then extend the crack up to 7 grains in length and estimate the standard deviation of crack tip opening displacements (CTOD) due to the random crystallographic orientations of the grains surrounding the crack. To account for the deformation mechanism at the grain size scale anisotropic elasticity and crystal plasticity constitutive models are employed. We show that even at crack length equivalent to 7 grains the standard deviation of the crack tip opening displacements due to the surrounding crystallographic orientations is still 7.3% and that from engineering point of view a crack with length of less than 10 average grain sizes can not be taken as independent of the surrounding microstructural features.
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Khasfatov, R. V., R. Kh Khisamov, L. R. Zubairov, and R. R. Mulyukov. "Influence of Grain Size and Grain Boundary State on Work Function of Nickel." In 2006 19th International Vacuum Nanoelectronics Conference. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ivnc.2006.335456.

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Xu, Z. Y., Y. Wang, J. P. Wu, J. J. Wang, and G. H. Lu. "Influence of the Grain Size on the Microdrawing Formability." In 2009 Second International Conference on Intelligent Computation Technology and Automation. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icicta.2009.844.

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Simonovski, I., and L. Cizelj. "The Vanishing Influence of Microstructure on Growing Short Cracks." In 17th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone17-75662.

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Microstructural features play a prominent role in the initialization and propagation of microstructurally short cracks. These features include crystallographic orientations of grains, grain boundaries, inclusions, voids, material phases, etc. Their influence is expected to vanish both with increased distance from the crack tip as well as with increased crack length. Current engineering fracture mechanics techniques do not account for these features and can therefore only be applied to sufficiently long cracks. From the engineering point of view it is therefore quite useful to have an estimate of this length. In this paper we build upon the authors’ previous work to estimate decreasing influence from the surrounding microstructural features with increasing crack length. To achieve this, a model containing a large number of randomly sized, shaped and oriented grains is employed. The grain structure is modeled using a Voronoi tessellation. A series of cracks with lengths from one to several grain lengths are inserted into the model, extending from a grain at the surface towards the interior of the model. The crack tip opening displacements (CTOD) are estimated and statistically analyzed for a series of random crystallographic orientation sets assigned to the grains adjacent to the crack. Anisotropic elasticity and crystal plasticity constitutive models are employed at the grain size scale. A rapid decrease of the CTOD scatter is observed with increasing crack length showing a clear tendency to stabilize at standard deviation of about 5% at the effective crack length of about 6 average grain sizes (0.3 mm in AISI 316 stainless steel. A crack with the length exceeding about 10 average grain sizes can be safely taken as a macroscopic crack.
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Janssen, C. Marjolein, and Jan S. Ribberink. "Grain-Size Influence on Sand Transport in Oscillatory Sheet Flow." In 25th International Conference on Coastal Engineering. New York, NY: American Society of Civil Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784402429.372.

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Cziegler, Andreas, and Peter Schumacher. "Influence of Solute Content on Grain Size in Binary Cu Alloys." In MultiScience - XXXI. microCAD International Multidisciplinary Scientific Conference. University of Miskolc, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.26649/musci.2017.025.

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Alramahi, Bashar A., Khalid A. Alshibli, and Attia M. Attia. "Influence of Grain Size and Consolidation Pressure on Porosity of Rocks." In Geo-Frontiers Congress 2005. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40785(164)41.

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Menon, S. S., A. K. Gorti, and K. F. Poole. "Influence of Grain Size on Defect-Related Early Failures in Vlsi Interconnects." In 30th International Reliability Physics Symposium. IEEE, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/irps.1992.363322.

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Menon, S. S., A. K. Gorti, and K. F. Poole. "Influence of grain size on defect-related early failures in VLSI interconnects." In 30th Annual Proceedings Reliability Physics 1992. IEEE, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/relphy.1992.187672.

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Cheema, T., A. Al-Harthy, M. Al-Aghbari, and M. Al-Aufi. "Influence of Grain Size and Mineralogy on the Strength of Weak Rocks." In Geo Jordan Conference 2004. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40735(143)20.

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Reports on the topic "Influence of grain size"

1

Morris, J. W. The Influence of Grain Size on the Mechanical Properties of Steel. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/861397.

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King, David B. Influence of Grain Size on Sediment Transport Rates With Emphasis on the Total Longshore Rate. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, November 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada440672.

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Wright, J. F., S. R. Dallimore, and F. M. Nixon. Influence of grain size and salinity on pressure-temperature thresholds for methane hydrate stability in JAPEX/JNOC/GSC Mallik 2L-38 gas hydrate research-well sediments. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/210762.

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Lundy, Erika L., Beth E. Doran, Evan Vermeer, Daniel D. Loy, and Stephanie L. Hansen. Influence of Corn Particle Size on Steer Performance and Carcass Characteristics When Fed Diets with Moderate Inclusions of Wet Distillers Grains plus Solubles. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, January 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-1281.

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Briggs, Kevin B., Darrell R. Jackson, and K. Y. Moravan. NRL-APL Grain Size Algorithm Upgrade. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada403759.

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Wolfenstine, Jeff. Critical Grain Size for Microcracking During Lithium Insertion. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada358860.

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Foiles, Stephen Martin. Influence of point defects on grain boundary motion. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1011209.

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Ekdahl, Carl A. Jr. Diode magnetic-field influence on radiographic spot size. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1050481.

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Cook, R. An Examination of the Effects of Be Grain Size. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/15013514.

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Michael, Joseph Richard, and Charles Victor Robino. Novel ultrafine grain size processing of soft magnetic materials. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/976955.

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