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1
McCully, Chris B., and Richard M. Hogg. "Dialect Variation and Historical Metrics." Diachronica 11, no. 1 (January 1, 1994): 13–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/dia.11.1.04mcc.
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SUMMARY The form and distribution of Middle English poetic texts is neither accidental nor the sole consequence of French (or Latin) literary influence. In particular, we claim that changes in poetic form are enabled by language change, specifically and in the Middle English period by changes in word- and phrase-stress patterning. Such linguistic changes initially take place in different dialects at different rates. Since dialects show at least partial synchronic isomorphism between phonological and metrical forms, it is reasonable to explore the consequences of such isomorphism in Middle English, and come to some (tentative) conclusions about the metres, the alliterative patterning, and the di-atopic variation in Middle English verse. We include data and analyses connected with the coming of systematic rhyme, different forms of alliterative writing, metrical promotion and subordination, and isosyllabism. These help to justify the initial assumptions that dialect variation is metrically significant and that poetic form and change is enabled by changes in stress-patterning. RÉSUMÉ La forme et la disuibution des textes poétiques du moyen anglais n'est ni le résultat d'un accident ni entièrement la conséquence de l'influence littéraire française (ou latine). Nous prétendons, en particulier, que les changements dans la forme poétique deviennent possibles grâce aux changements dans la langue, plus spécifiquement, durant la période du moyen anglais, grâce aux changements au niveau de l'accentuation des mots et des phrases. Initialement, de tels changements linguistiques se produisent dans des dialectes différents et à des vitesses différentes. Puisque les dialectes démontrent un isomorphisme du moins partiellement synchronique entre les formes phonologiques et métriques, il semblerait raisonnable d'explorer les conséquences d'un tel isomorphisme en anglais moyen et d'en venir à quelques conclusions préliminaires sur sa métricité, son allitération et sa variation diatopique. Nous incluons, par ailleurs, les données et les analyses reliées à l'avènement de la rime systématique, aux diverses formes d'allitération, à la promotion et subordination métrique, aussi bien qu'à l'isosyllabisme. Tout cela contribue à justifier les suppositions initiales, voire que la variation dialectale a une importance de nature métrique et que la forme ainsi que le changement poétique sont motivés par des changements au niveau de l'accentuation. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Die Art und Verbreitung der mittelenglischen Literatur ist weder zufällig noch als das Ergebnis franzosischer (oder lateinischer) Einflüsse anzusehen. In diesem Aufsatz wird vornehmlich die Auffassung vertreten, daß Ânderungen in der dichterischen Form durch Sprachwandel ermoglicht werden. Während der mittelenglischen Periode geschah dies vor allem durch Ânderungen im Be-tonungsmuster von Wörtem und Wortgruppen. Solche sprachlichen Veränderungen traten in den verschiedenen Dialekten weder gleichzeitig noch regel-maßig auf. Da die Dialekte synchron gesehen zumindest teilweise eine Isomor-phie zwischen phonologischen und metrischen Strukturen aufweisen, lassen sich im Mittelenglischen einige Folgen dieser Isomorphic untersuchen. Sie erlauben zumindest einige vorläufige Schliisse iiber Metrik, Stabreimmuster und diatopische Varianten in der mittelenglischen Dichtung. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wurden Materialien und Analysen berücksichtigt, die sowohl mit dem Auftreten des Endreims als auch mit den verschiedenen Formen der Stabreim-dichtung zusammenhängen, etwa mit dem Isosyllabismus und der metrischen Profilierung oder Unterordnung. Dièse bestätigen großtenteils unsere An-nahmen, da8 Verschiedenenheiten innerhalb der Dialekte fur die Metrik von Bedeutung sind und da6 der Wandel in der poetischen Ausdrucksform durch Ànderungen im Wortbetonungsmuster ermoglicht wird.
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Worthington, Martin. "Dialect admixture of Babylonian and Assyrian inSAAVIII, X, XII, XVII and XVIII." Iraq 68 (2006): 59–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021088900001169.
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Studies of language contact in Mesopotamia have tended to concern themselves principally with lexical borrowing and structural influence, and to focus on the interaction of Akkadian with Sumerian and (in later times) Aramaic. This paper attempts to innovate on the field in two respects. First, studies of language contact in Mesopotamia largely neglect the sociolinguistic aspects of the phenomenon, which have been problematized with rewarding results in a large and ever-growing body of sociolinguistic literature. A masterly study by Adams has recently shown that sociolinguistic methods can successfully be applied to corpus languages, in his case Latin. Sociolinguistic aspects of language contact are the primary focus of this paper. Second, instead of the interaction between Akkadian and another language (Sumerian, Aramaic), we shall be concerned with that between dialects of Akkadian itself, which can be distinguished through phonology, morphology and, to a lesser extent, lexicon: Neo-Assyrian and two dialects of Babylonian. The Babylonian dialects, respectively vernacular Neo-Babylonian and so-called “Standard Babylonian” (GermanJungbabylonisch), appear in different epistolary contexts. As the language of scholarship andbelles lettres, Standard Babylonian occurs in learned citations, and was used to elevate one's language. We will encounter it frequently in letters written to the king by Neo-Assyrian scholars. Vernacular Neo-Babylonian was the base dialect of numerous letters by and to Babylonians. Characteristically Neo- (as opposed to Standard) Babylonian forms are usually not found in Assyrian letters.
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Valcheva, Penka. "LEARNING THE PALKEN LANGUAGE AS AN OFFICIAL DIALECT OF THE BANATIAN BULGARIANS." Knowledge International Journal 34, no. 6 (October 4, 2019): 1671–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij34061671v.
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Banat Bulgarians are a special descendant of the centuries-old tree of the Bulgarian ethnic group. Descendants of the displaced from Nikopol and Svishtov after the rout of the Chuprov’s uprising in 1688, they have lived in Banat for 281 years and have preserved their language, traditions and Bulgarian consciousness. Despite their affiliation to Catholicism, they continue to be referred to as “palkene” as a remembrance of their Pavlikian past. After Bulgaria's liberation from Turkish slavery, some of the Banat Bulgarians returned to their homeland, again seeking subsistence and a better life, and founded the villages of Dragomirovo, Gostilya, Bardarski Geran, Bregare and Asenovo. Banat Bulgarians use their own language, which they call "Palken". His writing is based on the Croatian Latin version, and preserves many ancient forms of the language spoken in Bulgaria. The main principle in the Bulgarian Palken spelling is phonetic, ie. it is written as it is pronounced. In lexical terms, there are many borrowing from the Banat Bulgarians from German, Hungarian and Serbian, which is due to the close contacts of Banat Bulgarians with other people in the multi-ethnic Banat. Despite the foreign influence, the dialect form and the use of Latin instead of Cyrillic, the Banat Bulgarians emphasize the Bulgarian character in their language. The Bulgarian Palken language is used in literature, the press, the church and the media with minor differences due to the different dialects. In the period 1860-1896 it was the main language of teaching in the Bulgarian school in Banat, from 1896 to 1918 it was replaced by Hungarian, and then – by Romanian or Serbian. In Bulgaria, the Palken language was functional in the late 18th and early 20th centuries. Today the Banat Bulgarians have turned their dialect in a second Bulgarian literary language, publishing a large number of textbooks, calendars, books, prayer books, newspapers and magazines, through which the few who know and use the Palken language seek to influence others in their community and save it from destruction and oblivion. Nowadays, this language continues to be alive and real in the culture and everyday life of Bulgarian families who have migrated from Bulgaria due to historical circumstances more than two hundred years ago in Serbian, Romanian and Hungarian Banat. This report examines the specifics of the graphical system of the Bulgarian Palken language by comparing them with the modern Bulgarian language.
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Mahal, Dr Ramandeep, and Ms Tanu Bura. "Dialect, Class struggle and Immigration in The Lonely Londoners, Saturday Night and Sunday Morning and Room At the Top." Journal of University of Shanghai for Science and Technology 23, no. 09 (September 2, 2021): 44–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.51201/jusst/21/09507.
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This paper addresses a little piece of a lot more extensive undertaking looking at the connections between working class and migrant writing which will frame a piece of my thesis. I will discuss the employments of lingo, class struggle and interesting differences in these books from the 1950s – John Braine’s Room At the Top (1957), Alan Sillitoe’s Saturday Night and Sunday Morning (1958) and Sam Selvon’s The Lonely Londoners (1956). I’ll begin with reference to a novel from the very period that maintains a strategic distance from broad utilization of tongue, prior to going to how these creators use vernacular and standard English alongside one another, just as set against one another, prior to getting done with an endeavor to historicize their employments of lingo. English the most prevalent language of the world has evolved with times influenced by German about 30%, Latin 30%, French 25%, Greek 5% and other languages about 10%. Surprisingly London alone has 300 other different languages spoken and they all influence add to the further development of Lingo and communication.
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Wright, Sue. "Regional or Minority Languages on the WWW." Journal of Language and Politics 5, no. 2 (September 15, 2006): 189–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jlp.5.2.04wri.
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This paper reports on research sponsored by Unesco to provide reliable data on the extent to which the WWW is becoming a means for minority language groups to publish information and reach the general public. These are the first findings of what is intended to be a world wide enquiry. We report on the Web presence of a group of European languages, all of which have minority status in the states in which they are spoken. They are various dialects of Occitan3 in France, Sardinian, Piemontese and Ladin in Italy and Frisian in the Netherlands. The research confirms that these languages are used extensively on the Internet. However, it also finds that the domains in which they are used are quite restricted and mirror to a large degree the situation in traditional print publishing. Thus the WWW may only be having an influence on volume of publishing and is not necessarily extending the use of the languages to new areas. Thirdly, it records substantial publishing by private individuals and finds that there are possible consequences here for standardisation of minority languages. The research is comparative and ongoing and will explore whether the European situation is typical or exceptional.
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Krasowska, Helena. "Problematyka pożyczek ukraińskich w polskiej gwarze górali bukowińskich." Studia z Filologii Polskiej i Słowiańskiej 52 (December 31, 2017): 164–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.11649/sfps.2017.008.
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The problem of Ukrainian borrowings in the Polish dialect of Bukovinian highlandersThe article is based on dialectal material, collected from Bukovinian highlanders according to the guidelines published in the All-Carpathian Dialect Atlas, in which a considerable role is played by Ukrainian vocabulary. The latter has been divided into two groups: 1) natively Ukrainian words; and 2) words that are borrowings in Ukrainian, and that have become part of the Bukovinian highlanders’ lexicon presumably via Ukrainian.Noteworthy in the first group (Ukrainian borrowings) are the words commonly used in all six studied villages. The Ukrainian lexemes used in four or five of the villages either: a)while having a Slavic origin, are also known in Romanian; or b) are words of Proto-Slavic origin. Finally, borrowings appearing in one, two or three villages can probably be explained by the influence of the state language on the dispersed highlander population.In the second group of borrowings, i.e., farther borrowings in Ukrainian, the most frequent of subgroups are Hungarian borrowings into Romanian and Ukrainian. Another subgroup are Latin borrowings, which must have been passed to Ukrainian through Romanian, as well as direct or indirect borrowings from Turkish. The material also features borrowings from Romanian, German via Polish, and French.Ukrainian borrowings in the Polish dialect of Bukovinian highlanders are a difficult interpretational and classificatory problem. The question of whether the highlanders borrowed these words from Ukrainian or Romanian cannot be answered unambiguously, especially since between 1918 and 1944 Bukovina was a part of Romania and Romanian was the language of education, official communication etc. Similarly, we do not know if the words originating from Romanian have been borrowed directly from this language or via Ukrainian. The same can be applied to Hungarian and German. The presented material can thus only be treated as one part of the vocabulary of the Bukovinian highlanders’ dialect. Problematyka pożyczek ukraińskich w polskiej gwarze górali bukowińskichW przeanalizowanym materiale, zebranym wśród polskich górali bukowińskich na podstawie kwestionariusza Ogólnokarpackiego atlasu dialektologicznego, znaczną rolę odgrywa słownictwo ukraińskie. Zostało ono podzielone na dwie grupy: 1) rodzime wyrazy ukraińskie i 2) pożyczki przejęte z innych języków przez język ukraiński, które znalazły się w polskiej gwarze górali bukowińskich zapewne za jego pośrednictwem.W pierwszej grupie (pożyczki ukraińskie) zwracają uwagę wyrazy występujące powszechnie we wszystkich sześciu zbadanych wsiach, związane z życiem codziennym. Leksemy występujące w czterech lub pięciu wsiach można natomiast podzielić na: a) znane też w języku rumuńskim, które przeszły ze słowiańskiego; b)wyrazy prasłowiańskie. Wreszcie pożyczki występujące w jednej, dwóch lub trzech wsiach można prawdopodobnie wyjaśnić wpływem języka państwowego na rozproszoną ludność góralską.W drugiej grupie pożyczek, tzn. pożyczkach dalszych w języku ukraińskim, na pierwszy plan wysuwają się pożyczki węgierskie w języku rumuń skim i ukraińskim. Kolejną podgrupę tworzą pożyczki z łaciny, które musiały przejść przez język rumuński do ukraińskiego; znajdują się tu także pożyczki z języka tureckiego w ukraińskim lub poprzez turecki. W zebranym materiale znajdziemy także zapożyczenia z języka rumuńskiego, z niemieckiego za pośrednictwem polskiego oraz z języka francuskiego.Zapożyczenia ukraińskie w polskiej gwarze górali bukowińskich stanowią poważny problem interpretacyjny i klasyfikacyjny. Na pytanie, czy górale przyjęli te pożyczki z ukraińskiego czy z rumuńskiego, nie można dać jednoznacznej odpowiedzi; tym bardziej że Bukowina w okresie od 1918 do 1944 roku należała do Rumunii i język rumuński był językiem szkół, urzędów itd. Nie wiadomo także, czy wyrazy pochodzenia rumuńskiego przeszły przez język ukraiński, czy też zapożyczone zostały bezpośrednio. To samo dotyczy języka węgierskiego i niemieckiego. Przedstawiony materiał może być więc traktowany tylko jako jedna z części ogólnego zasobu słownikowego gwary górali bukowińskich.
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FLORENTIN, MOSHE. "Abraham Tal: A Dictionary of Samaritan Aramaic—a review article." Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 67, no. 2 (June 2004): 198–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0041977x0400014x.
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This article presents a detailed review of A Dictionary of Samaritan Aramaic (Leiden: Brill, 2000). Samaritan Aramaic (SA) is a Palestinian Aramaic dialect similar to Jewish Aramaic and Christian Aramaic, the two other dialects in use during the first millennium CE in Palestine. Based on the best critical editions of Samaritan texts (for each of them the author initially prepared a comprehensive concordance), it presents the entire vocabulary of SA literature as it is known at present; namely the Samaritan Targum, liturgical poems, midrashic literature and SA material attested in Samaritan texts written in Late Samaritan Hebrew. The article deals with lexicographical issues, such as the method of introducing entries and the scope of the dictionary (e.g. its being a sort of mini-encyclopedia). It focuses mainly on matters relating to SA, such as differences between ancient and late layers of the dialect, lexical loans (from Hebrew, Arabic, Greek and Latin) and influences of Jewish texts (e.g. Onkelos). The scope of the dictionary, its method and, above all, the way its author deals with the vast lexical problems of SA, make it one of the most important contributions to the research into this dialect. It is therefore unsurprising that DSA has already gained an important place on the bookshelves of scholars of other dialects of Aramaic, Hebrew and biblical studies.
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Alber, Birgit, Joachim Kokkelmans, and Stefan Rabanus. "Preconsonantal s-retraction in the Alps: Germanic, Romance, Slavic." STUF - Language Typology and Universals 74, no. 1 (March 29, 2021): 17–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/stuf-2021-1022.
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Abstract Middle and Upper German dialects exhibit a phonological process of s-retraction neutralizing alveolar [s] to palatoalveolar [ʃ] in preconsonantal contexts. Based on a corpus of dialect data from own fieldwork, dialect atlases and dictionaries, we examine this process in Germanic, Romance and Slavic varieties of the Eastern Alps. It is attested in most Germanic varieties and in Ladin and Rumantsch, but not in other Romance varieties or in the Slovenian dialects of the region. We propose that the emergence of s-retraction may be supported by language contact, but crucially relies on specific diachronic changes affecting the sibilant inventories of the varieties displaying it.
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Meul, Claire. "Le suffixe -ëi- dans la première conjugaison du badiot." Lingvisticæ Investigationes. International Journal of Linguistics and Language Resources 30, no. 2 (December 31, 2007): 291–316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/li.30.2.07meu.
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The insertion of inflectional suffixes in the verbal paradigm is a widespread phenomenon, characteristic of Romance verbal morphology. Traditionally, there are two types of hypotheses that concern verbal amplifications: on the one hand there is a phonological explanation that relies on the criterion of the “generalization of stress”, on the other hand there is a semantic-functional hypothesis based on the theory of verbal aspect. This contribution proposes an analysis of the suffix -ëi- that appears in the verbal forms with stressed stem in the Badiot dialect, one of the idioms of the central Ladin group. The confrontation of the traditional hypotheses with a corpus of 2040 verbs of the first conjugation of the Badiot dialect, reveals that neither the phonological hypothesis nor the semantic-functional hypothesis can account for the insertion of the suffix. An alternative hypothesis is proposed, wich considers stress in a paradigmatic perspective wich that explains the presence of the suffix by the generalization of the metrical structure associated with the lexical stem of the infinitive.
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Luczynski, Michal. "Czech and Polish Linguistic Relations in the Vocabulary of Spiritual Culture (Past and Present)." Respectus Philologicus 22, no. 27 (October 25, 2012): 190–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/respectus.2012.27.15347.
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This paper discusses the role of the Czech language in forming Polish vocabulary. The question is presented on the basis of one of the thematic groups of vocabulary, beliefs and religion, classified as Bohemianisms, including such words as Old Polish anioł, diabeł, and tatrman, as well as the Polish dialectal antyjasz, b’inek, cwerg, czechman, dias, fajermon, Fontana, hastrman, jaroszek, korfanty, kuźlak, mužík, Pustecki, raraszek, sotona, szatan, waserman, wiestnica and zazrak. The classification of Czech borrowings in Polish includes three groups. The main groups are: borrowings from Old Czech, borrowings from literary Czech from the 14th to the beginning of the 16th centuries, and borrowings from common Czech dialects (especially from a transitional group of dialects). The first and second group contains many international words (borrowings from Greek, Latin and German), while the third appear chiefly in the Polish dialects of Silesia and the Małopolska province. The author notes that the early Old Czech brought Latin borrowings from Christian terminology and demonological nomenclature. The 14th and 15th and also 20th centuries brought words related to witchcraft and traditional demonology, such as the names of wizards and witches, the devil, ghosts, etc. The author ascertains that, first of all, such loan names concern beings of the lowest demonic ranks and, in general euphemistic determination, present “evil ghosts.” Linguistic geographical analysis indicates that Czech loans of demoniac names occur mainly in the south-west and repeatedly exhibit a strictly regional (sometimes individual) character. The Czech language has also fulfilled an intermediary role in adapting borrowings from other languages (German, Greek and Latin); it has thus had a significant effect on modern disparity and Polish mythological vocabulary. This article aims at the ethnic and chronological classification of fragments of Slavic mythological vocabulary, and analyzes the problem of language influence between Czech and Polish.
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Domenack, Damien Pascal. "Embracing Inherent Chaos." TSQ: Transgender Studies Quarterly 6, no. 3 (August 1, 2019): 424–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/23289252-7549554.
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Abstract In The Soul of the Stranger, Joy Ladin centers nonbinary gender expression in the first chapter of Genesis. Ladin articulates the opportunity for nonbinary gender categories by moving beyond the creation of the binary and focusing on Adam (humanity), who represents the whole of humanity. This review expands and creates an entry point for interreligious dialogue with African diasporic religions, by acknowledging humanity as a part of the interconnected balance of nature and recognizing the influence the Babylonian creation story, Enuma Elish, had on the the deep primordial oceanic chaos described as tehon in the Torah.
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Sims-Williams, Patrick. "Bronze- and Iron-Age Celtic-speakers: what don't we know, what can't we know, and what could we know? Language, genetics and archaeology in the twenty-first century." Antiquaries Journal 92 (August 23, 2012): 427–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000358151200011x.
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In 1998 the author published ‘Genetics, linguistics and prehistory: thinking big and thinking straight’, a critique of late twentieth-century attempts to synthesize the disciplines of genetics, linguistics and archaeology. This paper assesses subsequent progress, using examples from various parts of the world, including Britain, Denmark, Finland, France, Frisia, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Micronesia, Portugal, Spain and the Canary Islands. The growing importance of mitochondrial DNA and the Y chromosome, rather than classical population genetics, is emphasized. The author argues that ancient DNA and early linguistic data should be used more. Languages mentioned include Aquitanian, Basque, Celtiberian, Etruscan, Finnish, Hungarian, Iberian, Lepontic, Lusitanian, Pictish, Raetic, ‘Tartessian’, Thracian and the Ladin dialect of the Italian Alps. Aspects of the ancient linguistic geography of Scotland and the Iberian peninsula are discussed, as is the difficulty of deciding the direction of spread of Indo-European and non-Indo-European languages. The potential of ancient place and personal names is illustrated from Celtic.
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Leinonen, Marja. "Russian influence on the Ižma Komi dialect." International Journal of Bilingualism 13, no. 3 (September 2009): 309–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1367006909346612.
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Siregar, Syahreni. "THE INFLUENCE OF DIALECT ON THE STUDENT’S PRONUNCIATION IN SPEAKING ABILITY." Pedagogy : Journal of English Language Teaching 5, no. 1 (July 30, 2017): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.32332/pedagogy.v5i1.766.
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Dialect is one of the important aspects in language and communication. So that it will also influence the language teaching process. This article aims to discuss deeply about how dialect can influence on the student’s pronuncition in speaking ability. The diversity of Indonesian people influence students’ ability in understanding the subject which learned. One of the diversity is language variation in their daily life which called dialect. Every dialect will have uniqueness when speaking. It influences their ability when speak English. Pronunciation is one of the most important parts of English to communicate with the other people since there are differences between symbols and sounds. To communicate with other people in foreign labguage we should have a good pronunciation so that the listener can understand what we mean and there is no missunderstandig between the speaker and the listener. So, this article will try to find out the influence of dialect on the student’s pronunciation in speaking ability.
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Kusumah, Surya Adi, and Silpia Rahayu. "THE INFLUENCE BETWEEN STUDENTS’ LANGUAGE POTENTIAL WITH THEIR OWN DIALECT." PROJECT (Professional Journal of English Education) 3, no. 6 (November 13, 2020): 680. http://dx.doi.org/10.22460/project.v3i6.p680-688.
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This study was conducted to obtain information about dialect in student's potential whether it could be decided to speak fluently or not. Taken from one of institute which appear the idea to analyze the problem, the main instrument to collect the data was questionnaire and transform it to be narrative which aimed this research use qualitative method. From 4 dialects were used by the students namely Bataknese, Minangnese, Javanese and Sundanese which they use when speaking, especially the dialect’s intonation usage within English speaking. This will be impact on the learning method that might be constant rather than variable within English intonation usage. The questionnaire result will prove about the problem that occur in amid of the classroom. Moreover, this research has been supported from more than 10 theories instead. It contains many different topics related dialect and student's potential in speaking. From finding, the researcher obtained the data that talking with person who have strong dialect was not such a big problem to understand what does the person mean. The result is not change the dialect the person used, the only thing is practice English intonation to be better and develop the person's language potential to adjust the language the person speaks. Keywords: Dialect, English intonation, Student’s Potential
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Naviantara, Denta, Suparno Suparno, and Dewi Dewi. "An Analysis of Banyumas Dialect Influence Toward Students’ English Pronunciation." English Education 7, no. 2 (January 30, 2019): 262. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/eed.v7i2.35824.
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<p>In using a foreign language, pronunciation is affected by learners’ native language. English learners with Banyumas dialect will be distinctively recognized in their English. This present study is aimed to find out the differences in segmental features between Banyumas dialect and English and to describe the extent to which the Banyumas dialect influences students’ English pronunciation. The research uses the descriptive qualitative method. There are 30 sources of data (students) from two different classes. The subjects are originally from Banyumas and use Banyumas dialect in their daily communication. The writer conducts English pronunciation tests and records the students’ voices. The test includes 105 words consisting of each English vowels, consonants, and diphthongs. Besides, other supporting data are collected through document analysis, questionnaires, and observation. The study concludes that there are some differences in segmental features between Banyumas dialect and English, which have a negative influence on students’ English pronunciation. There are many pronunciation errors found on students’ pronunciation test results. Errors in pronunciation might be difficult to change if it becomes a habit. Teachers and students need to be aware of the differences between native language and foreign-language sound systems because it might be more valuable than error correction.</p>
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Gerritsen, Marinel. "Divergence of dialects in a linguistic laboratory near the Belgian–Dutch–German border: Similar dialects under the influence of different standard languages." Language Variation and Change 11, no. 1 (March 1999): 43–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954394599111037.
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This article deals with divergence on the lexical, phonological, and morphological levels in three dialects that were the same until the mid-20th century (Maaseiks in Belgium, Susters in the Netherlands, and Waldfeuchts in Germany) and that have changed under the influence of three different standard languages (Belgian Dutch, Netherlandic Dutch, and Standard German). The investigation is carried out among girls aged 14 to 16 years and women aged 35 to 50 years. Due to the unique laboratory-like situation, it was possible to gain a detailed understanding of the role of the structure of the dialect and the dialect–standard language situation in the process of dialect change under the influence of a standard language. The data indicate that the linguistic route of the change is largely the same for all dialects. This means that the receiving dialect plays an important part in the linguistic embedding of a change. However, the rationale of the linguistic road is still far from clear. The divergence of the similar dialects occurred relatively recently. Whereas the women of the three places use the old dialect forms almost exclusively, the girls use forms of the standard languages or “mixed” forms, especially in Waldfeucht. The dialect of Waldfeucht is clearly affected much more strongly by Standard German than are the dialect of Maaseik by Belgian Dutch and the dialect of Susteren by Netherlandic Dutch. This can be explained by a number of factors: the position of the dialect at school, comprehensibility of the dialect, attitude towards the dialect, and the use of the dialect.
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Sriyanto, Sugeng, and Akhmad Fauzie. "Penggunaan Kata “Jancuk” Sebagai Ekspresi Budaya dalam Perilaku Komunikasi Arek di Kampung Kota Surabaya." Jurnal Psikologi Teori dan Terapan 7, no. 2 (February 15, 2017): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.26740/jptt.v7n2.p88-102.
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The term “jancuk” is part of the dialect of Surabaya people. For Surabaya people known as “Arek Suroboyo” who lives in the neighborhood of kampung kota (the urban village), “jancuk” is the most common word that is used as an expressive language in daily life. However for some people, the word “jancuk” has a negative connotation. This ethnographic study explore how “jancuk” is used and understood by people living in kampung Surabaya who use it as daily communication. Data collected using in-depth interviews and analyzed using three stages of analysis technique suggested by Miles and Huberman: reduction, display, and verification. The result shows that the use of “jancuk” is the common expression in communication which is used because the influence of the social character and the strong internalization of “Arek” culture. “Arek” culture is characterized by its spontaneous, open, and egalitarian values. The use of “jancuk” emphasizes the form of interaction or pragmatic language functions rather than its semantic meaning. In general, the word “jancuk” is used by people who live in urban villages in Surabaya to express their emotion both positive and negative sides. While “jancuk” can be used to express anger, most participants used in friendship circle. People who use the word tend to be viewed as friendly and sociable.Abstrak: Bagi Arek Suroboyo yang tinggal di lingkungan kampung, kata “jancuk” digunakan sebagai sebagai bentuk ekspresi dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Peneltian etnografi ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap bagaimana kata “jancuk” dimaknai oleh orang-orang yang menggunakannnya yang tinggal di kampung Surabaya. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara secara mendalam dan dianalisis menggunakan teknik reduksi, display, dan verifikasi yang disarankan Miles and Huberman. Hasil analisis menunjukkan penggunaan kata jancuk dalam perilaku komunikasi merupakan ekspresi yang dipengaruhi oleh karakter dan kuatnya internalisasi budaya “Arek”. Budaya “Arek” ditandai oleh spontanitas, keterbukaan, dan egalitarianisme. Penggunaan kata jancuk lebih menekankan pada bentuk fungsi interaksi atau prakmatik bahasa dari pada makna semantiknya. Kata ini sering diucapkan oleh orang kampung Surabaya untuk mengekspresikan emosi positif maupun negatif. Menjadi negatif ketika kata ini digunakan sebagai ekspresi kemarahan yang ditujukan pada orang lain. Pada sisi positif dalam sebuah interaksi persahabatan, orang yang menggunakan kata ini dianggap memiliki karakteristik sebagai orang yang ramah dan suka bergaul.
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Camara, Iosif. "«Blachii ac pastores romanorum»: de nouveau sur le destin du latin à l’est / «Blachii ac pastores romanorum»: again, on the destiny of Latin in the East." Swedish Journal of Romanian Studies 2, no. 1 (May 16, 2019): 109–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.35824/sjrs.v2i1.18962.
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The shepherding tradition in Romanic peoples enjoyed some interest among linguists in the first half of the 20th century. However, this tradition has been misunderstood, poorly known, or even completely ignored. Therefore, starting from a suggestion by Alf Lombard, we took up this research direction, discussing several issues revealed by the study of Eastern Romanity. These are the rustic character of the Romanian language bearing pastoral traits; the Carpathian-Balkan space in which the language was born and the issue of continuity in the North Danube area; and the dialectal configuration of the Romanian, having four relatively homogeneous historical dialects and language varieties. In this direction, we relied on linguistic, ethnographic, historical and archaeological research, in order to emphasize the importance of shepherding in the research of Eastern Romanity.
Genealogically, Romanian is defined as the Latin language spoken continuously in the eastern part of the Roman Empire, from the Carpathians to the Balkans, with the changes that have taken place throughout history. The pastoral character of Eastern Romanity is rendered by the early medieval chronicles; even the exonym vlah (Wallachian) designating the Romanic population has acquired the meaning of ‘shepherd’. The specificity of this community is supported by numerous linguistic facts: semantic evolutions (e.g. animal ‘living creature, animal’ > nămaie ‘sheep’), specific derivations (a înţărca ‘wean’, derived from ţarc ‘corral, enclosed area for animals’, which initially meant ‘getting the lamb into a corral, so it stopped sucking’), expressions (a închega un gând ‘crystallise thoughts’, where the verb used is a închega ‘coagulate’) or even morphologic elements (the structure of the Romanian numeral from 11 to 19, linked to the scoring system).
Throughout time, shepherding has been associated with the controversial issue of the territory in which the Romanian language and the Romanian people were born. Ethnological research has revealed the existence of four types of shepherding: local – agricultural – one, two types characterised by short transhumance, and the last one, associated with long-distance transhumance. Of the three types of transhumant shepherding, none identifies itself with the nomadic lifestyle and, therefore, the existence of a balkanische Hirtenromania (Balkan pastoral Romanity) does not imply the phenomenon of migration, as it was erroneously believed. Shepherding, through the forms described by ethnologists, explains both the sedentary character and the mobility of Oriental Romanity. Linguistic and archaeological arguments support G. Ivănescu’s view identifying the origins of the Romanian language in both the north and south of the Danube.
The pastoral character of Romanity led to a population mobility that influenced the language at diatopic level. There is, on the one hand, a dialectal diversity due to population movements, and, on the other hand, a surprising linguistic unit, due to transhumant shepherds whose travels played a linguistic levelling role. This fact explains the linguistic unity of the Romanian language, despite its territorial spread and development in several historical provinces separated by natural boundaries.
While shepherding explains some important issues in the history of Eastern Romanity, there is still need for systematic study on this topic. A comparative study of shepherding at the level of the entire Romanity is required in order to draw a complete picture of the lifestyle that characterized Romanity especially in the mountainous areas of Europe, bearing influence on the historical languages that we can only guess nowadays.
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Grupa-Dolińska, Magdalena. "Polska frazeologia potoczna w rosyjskiej gwarze staroobrzędowców w Polsce." Język a Kultura 27 (June 13, 2019): 225–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/1232-9657.27.14.
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Polish colloquial phraseology in the Old Believers Russian dialect in PolandThe Old Believers in Poland are a bilingual community. They use Russian dialect and Polish language depending on the communicative situation. From the second half of the 20th century assimilative processes of the Polish language-cultural environment became more intense. Therefore, in their Russian dialect and culture a stronger influence of Polish elements is noticeable.The aim of this article is to analyze meanings of examples of colloquial phraseology from the Polish language functioning in the Russian dialect of the Old Believers in Poland and to analyze the structure of phraseological units that are a consequence of the influence of the Polish language on the Russian dialect.
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Belemans, Rob, and Reinhild Vandekerckhove. "Patterns of Variation in Two Dialect Areas in Northern Belgium." Variation in (Sub)standard language 13 (December 31, 1999): 131–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/bjl.13.08bel.
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Abstract. The article focuses on dialect change in the western and eastern periphery of the southern Dutch language area, i.e. in the province of West-Flanders and the province of Limburg. Both by a general survey of the dialect situation in these regions and by the analysis of two instances of phonological change, it is demonstrated that the actual state and dynamics of these areas is essentially different in terms of dialect loss and dialect vitality. The West-Flemish data reveal an intertwining of interdialectal and standard language influence, whereas the changes registered in the Limburg data unambiguously point to standard language influence.
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Hyryn, O. "INFLUENCE OF MIDDLE ENGLISH NORTHERN DIALECTS ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE." Studia Philologica, no. 2 (2019): 41–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.28925/2311-2425.2019.13.6.
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The article deals with the phonetic, grammatic and lexical features which penetrated into the London Dialect from the Middle English Northern and North-Eastern dialects and evenyually were fixed in the literary language. The article claims that the penetration of the Northern features took place as the result of the London dialect base shift which took place due to the extralinguistic reasons, namely by social and demographic reasons. The article describes both direct influence (lexical) and indirect (partially phonetic and partially grammatic). The article claims that systemic changes in English, such as reduction of unstressed syllables and concequent simplification of grammatical paradigms were greatly fascilitated by the influence of Northern dialects on the London dialect in Late Middle English period
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Idrizi, Sadik. "INFLUENCE OF THE GREEK LANGUAGE ON THE SPEECH AND FOLK POETRY OF GORA." Journal Human Research in Rehabilitation 2, no. 1 (April 2012): 58–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.21554/hrr.041207.
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Based on its many structural features, the Gorani dialect belongs to Balkan linguistic union. Some features have joined this dialect as a result of lingustic and ethnic mixtures present in the southeastern part of Balkan peninsula. Romanic, Turkish and Greek languages have influenced a lot the creation of the Balkan linguistic association. Balkan languages show a lot of parallel features in phonetics, morphology, suntax and vocabulary.
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Shibata, Andrew. "The influence of dialect in sound symbolic size perception." Proceedings of the Linguistic Society of America 3, no. 1 (March 3, 2018): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/plsa.v3i1.4318.
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Prior research on sound symbolism and referent object size establishes that words with front vowels are perceived to refer to smaller objects than do back vowels (Ohala 1997; Klink 2000). Some dialects of American English exhibit vowel movement along the front-back axis which may influence perceived object size. This study focuses on California English /u/-fronting (Hinton et al. 1987) and predicts that shifting from a standardly back vowel [u] to a more front vowel [ʉ] is paired with a shift from a large perceived object size to a smaller perceived object size. This paper describes two experiments in which participants either silently read (reading task) or listened (listening task) to stimulus words and rated perceived object size. California English speakers in the reading task experiment perceived words with /u/ to be smaller than did non-California English speakers. This result suggests that sound symbolic perception is sensitive to fine phonetic variability due to a person’s dialect.
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Myznikova, Yanina V. "The Influence of Gender on Dialect Speakers’ Speech Behaviour." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Filologiya, no. 66 (August 1, 2020): 132–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/19986645/66/7.
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Zulfadhli Nokman, Ahmad, Azman Che Mat, Ahmad Fakrulazizi Abu Bakar, Nor Shaifura Musilehat, and Ahmad Nazuki Marzuki Yaakub. "A Study on The First-Language Influence on The Arabic Pronunciation among Terengganuians in Malaysia." International Journal of Applied Linguistics and English Literature 6, no. 4 (May 2, 2017): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijalel.v.6n.4p.76.
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This study focuses on exploring the influences of the first-language influence on the Arabic pronunciation among Terengganuian learners. The study has involved five students, who were born in Terengganu, who communicate using the Terengganuian dialect. The students were asked to read some Arabic sentences while the researcher recorded their voices. Then, their pronunciations were transcribed and analysed. The findings showed that the influences of the Terengganuian dialect on the Arabic pronunciation actually exist. The respondents showed their habits unintentionally in pronouncing the sound /ŋ/ while uttering such Arabic words which have been spelt with the letter ‘n’. This phenomenon is very familiar among Terengganuian people in terms of their local dialect.
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ZERGAT, KAWTHAR YASMINE, and ABDERRAHMANE AMROUCHE. "SVM AGAINST GMM/SVM FOR DIALECT INFLUENCE ON AUTOMATIC SPEAKER RECOGNITION TASK." International Journal of Computational Intelligence and Applications 13, no. 02 (June 2014): 1450012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1469026814500126.
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A big deal for current research on automatic speaker recognition is the effectiveness of the speaker modeling techniques for the talkers, because they have their own speaking style, depending on their specific accents and dialects. This paper investigates on the influence of the dialect and the size of database on the text independent speaker verification task using the SVM and the hybrid GMM/SVM speaker modeling. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) technique is used in the front-end part of the speaker recognition system, in order to extract the most representative features. Experimental results show that the size of database has an important impact on the SVM and GMM/SVM based speaker verification performances, while the dialect has no significant effect. Applying PCA dimensionality reduction improves the recognition accuracy for both SVM and GMM/SVM based recognition systems. However, it did not give an obvious observation about the dialect effect.
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Molina Martos, Isabel. "Between dialect and standard." Sociolinguistic patterns and processes of convergence and divergence in Spanish 17, no. 2 (October 1, 2020): 178–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sic.00055.mol.
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Abstract This paper offers a sociolinguistic analysis of the consonants (s) and (d) in the coda position in the city of Madrid, within the framework of the Project for the Sociolinguistic Study of Spanish from Spain and America (PRESEEA). The purpose is to illustrate how varieties of southern Castilian Spanish and those from the central and northern Peninsula converge and diverge, taking into consideration the social, political, and economic parameters that affect said processes. The diversity of patterns that coexist in the Madrid speech community reflects the city’s historic social complexity, the varied geographical origins of its migrant population, the interests that motivate each community of practice, as well as other circumstances that influence the direction of change. The analysis of (s) and (d) in coda illustrates the way in which the dynamics of variation and change in Madrid fluctuate between two poles: standardization and regionalization, the same two axes around which the community’s sociolinguistic patterns revolve.
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Almeida, Evelyn, and Anna Shkivera. "Dialect Analysis of English." INNOVA Research Journal 2, no. 8 (August 30, 2017): 79–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.33890/innova.v2.n8.2017.264.
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The main purpose of this article is to understand better the phonology of a region/socioeconomic variety of English based on two recording from the International Dialects of English Archieve website (IDEA). As Hansen, Yapanel, Huang, & Ikeno (2004) state, “Every individual develops a characteristic speaking style at an early age that depends heavily on his language environment (i.e., the native language), as well as the region where the language is spoken†(p.1). In this study, we want to analyze how the speaker’s pronunciation of English sounds is different from the English we know (American English) and how their intonation differs from the intonation patterns with which we are familiar. Finally, we want to analyze if the speaker’s profile (age, education, gender, experience with English, and socioeconomic background) influence in their English pronunciation. For this study, we transcribed the recording in a written and a phonetic form using the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) and then we conducted a comparative analysis.KEYWORDS: Dialect analysis, Standard, English, Phonetic transcription
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Tse, Sou-Mee, and David Ingram. "The influence of dialectal variation on phonological acquisition: a case study on the acquisition of Cantonese." Journal of Child Language 14, no. 2 (June 1987): 281–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000900012939.
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ABSTRACTThe phonological acquisition of a young girl whose parents spoke two dialects of Cantonese was examined. The father's dialect had a phonological distinction between initial /l/ and /n/ which was merged into /l/ in the mother's dialect. The child was followed bi-weekly for approximately one year. The results indicate that she acquired neither the mother's nor the father's dialect. Instead, she acquired [l] and [n] as freely varying allophones of a single phoneme. In the first months, [n] was the most frequent realization of the phoneme, with [l] becoming the most frequent one in later sessions. The results are interpreted as supporting the claim that children use all available input in acquiring language rather than limiting themselves to a primary language model.
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Dagenais, Paul A., and Jamequa A. Stallworth. "The influence of dialect upon the perception of dysarthic speech." Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics 28, no. 7-8 (July 2014): 573–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/02699206.2014.927001.
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Demeshkina, Tatyana A. "The transformation of dialect communication under the mass media influence." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, no. 413 (December 1, 2016): 29–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/15617793/413/4.
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Carver, Craig. "The Influence of the Mississippi River on Northern Dialect Boundaries." American Speech 61, no. 3 (1986): 245. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/454667.
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Rey, Günter Daniel, and Nadine Steib. "The personalization effect in multimedia learning: The influence of dialect." Computers in Human Behavior 29, no. 5 (September 2013): 2022–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2013.04.003.
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O'Connor, Jillian J. M., Paul J. Fraccaro, Katarzyna Pisanski, Cara C. Tigue, Timothy J. O'Donnell, and David R. Feinberg. "Social dialect and men's voice pitch influence women's mate preferences." Evolution and Human Behavior 35, no. 5 (September 2014): 368–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2014.05.001.
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Ou, Chuying. "Guangdong Residents’ Perceptions of Chinese Dialects: A Pilot Study." International Journal of Social Science Studies 6, no. 10 (September 20, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/ijsss.v6i10.3532.
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Perceptual dialectology (PD) is branch of sociolinguistics which investigates ordinary people’s (non-linguists) perceptions about different dialects in the language community they are living in. Most of the PD research was implemented in Europe or America, with little attention devoted to China, a country with many kinds of dialects. Applying Preston’s (1981) tool for PD studies: draw-a-map task, this research analyzed dialect maps drawn from 13 respondents, who were college students from Guangdong province, China. It aimed to find out how Guangdong residents perceive Chinese dialects. There are three major findings: (1) respondents used provincial boundaries to differentiate dialect areas but did not agree on their distribution; (2) Yue dialect and Wu dialect were thought to be more pleasant; (3) respondents were concerned about economic influence on dialects and dialect protection.
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Li, Qiong, and Yuying Wang. "Dialect and Putonghua in Xi’an city." Journal of Asian Pacific Communication 30, no. 1-2 (June 30, 2020): 217–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/japc.00050.qio.
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Abstract As one of the industrial centers of Western China, Xi’an is undergoing a process in which surrounding “urban villages” are incorporated into the urban area. This paper reports on the contact situation between the Xi’an dialect of Beishan Menkou “urban village” and Mandarin Chinese. Data collection started with traditional dialect survey methodology which assumes the dialect to be homogeneous and shared across village members. It requires respondents to read a standard list of Chinese characters. The assumption that the dialect is homogeneous is generally agreed upon for older generations but is doubtful for the younger generation who are exposed to modern education and modern life. We therefore stratified the survey across three generations with six informants, a male and female informants for each generation. The results show that the dialect among the two older generations was still homogeneous and shared, whereas the youngest generations showed influence of Putonghua on the dialect. This resulted in a new dialect variant “Dialect with Putonghua features”, which is recognized by urban village members as such. Female respondents generally were conceived of as speaking the New Dialect more clearly than their male counterparts. We also investigated the impact of the dialect on Putonghua and concluded that among the younger generation, a form of “Local Putonghua” developed, whereas the accented forms used by older generations are a variety of intermediate forms of this “Local Putonghua”. The paper further provides details of the changes taking place in the New Dialect in terms of tones, initials and finals, vocabulary and grammar. Words in local Putonghua were also listed.
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Khairuddin, Khairuddin. "Al-Qira'ah al-Shadzah and Its Influence on Language Orientation." Langkawi: Journal of The Association for Arabic and English 4, no. 1 (June 8, 2018): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.31332/lkw.v4i1.814.
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This study aims to describe Qira'ah Shadzah and its role in continuity the dialect of Arabic, especially the verses related to Qira'ah Shadzah contained in chapter Al-Imran. This study used descriptive-normative and comparative methods. The results show that Qira'ah Shadzah made an important contribution in maintaining the continuity of Arab dialect. This is derived from the observation of some Qira'ah Shadzah because there is a change of vowel, such as the transfer from fathah to dhamma, from kasrah to dhamma, from fathah to kasrah, or from dhamma to kasrah. These changes show that Arab customs differ between desert people and civilized people. Where civilized people more often use fathah and kasrah because both are symbols of meekness, while on the other hand desert people prefer to use the dhammah which is a hard and rough symbol.
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Юсупбаевна Мадаминова, Рана. "Some lexical features of dialectal zones in Karakalpakstan." SCIENTIFIC WORK 15, no. 2 (March 9, 2021): 64–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.36719/2663-4619/63/64-67.
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From the above it can be concluded that the influence of regional dialects in one area is an important factor in the development of the lexicon of Uzbek dialects. Such influence and lexical nourishment may be somewhat more intense in Uzbek dialects that are far from the literary center and surrounded by or familiar with other languages. It goes without saying that such connections cannot be made directly between different dialect regions that are far apart in terms of area. Because each or each group of Uzbek dialects has its own unique and appropriate distribution areas for a long time. Part of the peculiarities of the Dialect trail is related to this boundary, their distribution, location - area, which appeared and developed only in this area. In addition, as a result of observing the dialects of the area, a dialect area may not always be a constant latitude, but may cover a dialect, a village or several villages in the area. So, we have seen that the Uzbeks living in Karakalpakstan use words and phrases typical of the Kipchak and Yuguz dialects. Dialectal area covers very large areas. In general, it shows that the Turkic peoples are blood relatives and brothers. Key words: literary language, dialect, area, local language, comparative historical foundations, grammatical form, scientific classification
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Mackey, Linda S., Patrick Finn, and Roger J. Ingham. "Effect of Speech Dialect on Speech Naturalness Ratings." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 40, no. 2 (April 1997): 349–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jslhr.4002.349.
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This study investigated the effect of speech dialect on listeners' speech naturalness ratings by systematically replicating Martin, Haroldson, and Triden's (1984) study using three groups of speaker samples. Two groups consisted of speakers with General American dialect—one with persons who stutter and the other with persons who do not stutter. The third group also consisted of speakers who do not stutter but who spoke non-General American dialect. The results showed that speech naturalness ratings distinguished among the three speaker groups. The variables that appeared to influence speech naturalness ratings were type of dialect, speech fluency, and speaking rate, though they differed across speaker groups. The findings also suggested that strength of speech dialect may be a scaleable dimension that judges can rate with acceptable levels of reliability. Dialect may also be an important factor that needs to be incorporated or controlled within systems designed to train speech naturalness ratings. It may also be an important factor in determining the extent to which stuttering treatment produces natural sounding speech.
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Westergaard, Marit Richardsen. "Word order in wh-questions in a North Norwegian dialect: some evidence from an acquisition study." Nordic Journal of Linguistics 26, no. 1 (June 2003): 81–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0332586503001021.
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While standard Norwegian is a V2 language, some Norwegian dialects exhibit V3 in certain types of wh-questions. In some previous work on the Tromsø dialect, V3 has been considered the ‘true’ dialect and speakers' acceptance of V2 simply a result of the influence from the standard language. Based on child and adult data from a study of the acquisition of word order in the Tromsø dialect, I will argue that both V2 and V3 orders are part of the dialect – used by adult speakers and acquired (more or less) simultaneously by children. It will further be argued that the choice between the two depends on the information structure of the sentence, more specifically, on the interpretation of the subject as given or new information.
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Samedova, K. "Diphthongization in Dialect Groups of the Northern Dialect of the Azerbaijani Language in Comparison With Kipchak Languages." Bulletin of Science and Practice 6, no. 6 (June 15, 2020): 362–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/55/48.
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The article tells about the dialectal group’s diphthongization in the northern dialect of the Azerbaijani language. Also here there is a speech about how the emergence of diphthongs, a comparison between diphthongization dialects of Turkish and Kipchak languages and the author concludes that because of the strong influence of the Kipchak language elements in the regions diphthongization dialects of these regions is very similar to the phenomenon that takes place in the Kipchak language.
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Engku Atek, Engku Suhaimi, Zulazhan Ab. Halim, and Hisham Hussain Al Samadi. "SYRIAN ATTITUDE TOWARD THE PRESERVATION AND MAINTENANCE OF SYRIAN DIALECT AND CULTURE IN JERASH, JORDAN." International Journal of Education, Psychology and Counseling 5, no. 37 (December 1, 2020): 82–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.35631/ijepc.537007.
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The study of dialectical variation and cultural maintenance may help in protecting and promoting norms and values in a given community. The inconsistent background of Syrian from Jordanian culture enables a contingency approach for the influence of dialectical variances in cultural activities. The paper aims at examining the role of dialectical variation towards strengthening the relationship between Syrian-Jordanian communities in Jerash city. The paper examines the elements that determine dialect choice in the vicinity. The study investigates dialect and cultural maintenance among Syrian-Jordanian to allow comparison of the potential influences of several parameters on their use on different dialects. The study used the data collected from various participants through interviews and questionnaires to arrive at the findings of the study. Both local and foreign dialects receive significant recognition and functions such as social domains, social activities, social gatherings, religious practices, cultural heritage, to mention a few, in the city. The findings show that dialect maintenance is strictly secure by Syrians in all aspects, except in exceptional cases like feasts, condolences, weddings, buying and selling where they opt for local dialect other than Syrian dialect. It has been observed that socio-demographic factors impact the flow of Syrian dialect and cultural maintenance in Jerash city. The findings discovered that gender contributed to dialect choice and shifting. What appears to be achieved and documented through the current study is that Syrian males are mostly lean to the usage of Jordanian dialect than the Syrian females because the latter hardly utilize Jordanian dialect even while the necessity arose to a large extent. The regular shift of dialect from Syrian to Jordanian or vice versa which equally constitutes the factors responsible for dialect shift is heavily supported by friendship, marriage, religion, relatives, migrations, and good rapport between Syrians and Jordanians.
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Gu, Ming Liang, and Biao Zhang. "Chinese Dialect Identification Using SC-GMM." Advanced Materials Research 433-440 (January 2012): 3292–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.433-440.3292.
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Gaussian mixture model (GMM) is a sort of effective identification method in Chinese dialects identification, estimating GMM parameters is always an important step in building a state-of-the-art speech processing system. One of the most widely used approaches is maximum- likelihood estimation, where parameters of class-specific distributions are estimated using Expectation Maximization algorithm(EM). Initial parameters have great influence on the convergence of EM algorithm, so how to initialize GMM parameters is a key problem. In this paper, we apply spectral clustering(SC) to initialize GMM parameters. Experimental results prove that using spectral clustering algorithm to initialize GMM parameters is superior to traditional K-Means method and identification system has a higher recognition rate.
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Tenis, Horiana Ilyadim, Yoseph B. Kroon, and Johnson W. Haan. "Peran Semantis Argumen Klausa Verbal Bahasa Dawan Dialek Amanuban, Nusa Tenggara Timur." SASDAYA: Gadjah Mada Journal of Humanities 2, no. 2 (June 24, 2018): 369. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/sasdayajournal.36449.
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This research entitled “The Role of Semantic Argument on Verbal Clauses of Dawan Dialect Amanuban”. The Problems discussed in this research are (a) How is the basic structure of verbal clause of Dawan Dialect Amanuban? (b) What role does the semantic argument contain in the verbal clause of Dawan Dialect Amanuban? The study aims to (a) Describe and analyze the structure of the verbal clause argument of Dawan Dialect Amanuban, (b) Identify and analyze the role of semantic argument verbal clause of Dawan Dialect Amanuban. The Method used is qualitative descriptive method and macro perceived theory (Macro rules). Based on this theory, the analysis of the research results shows that the basic structure of the BDDA verbal clause is Subject-Predicate-Object (SPO) and Subject-Predicate (SP) in the intransitive clause. Percent macro actors are realized through the thematic role of locative influencing agents, theme, instrumental, and benefactive. The role of the macro underground is realized through the thematic, benefactive, instrument, theme, locative, and influence roles.
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Xie, Bingyuan. "Regional Dialect Diversity and Corporate Strategic Aggressiveness." Journal of Finance Research 4, no. 1 (May 29, 2020): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.26549/jfr.v4i1.3728.
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As an important role of the regional culture, dialects have a significant influence on the corporate strategy. Diversity of dialects appears to move firms towards strategic radicalization by weakening the "hometown effect", enhancing innovation awareness, and increasing the diversification of business. Using A-share listed companies from 2006 to 2018 as sample, based on information from the annual financial statements, this paper argues that higher dialect diversity in the city where enterprise is located leads the corporate strategy to be more aggressive; and the mismatch between strategy and dialectal environment will have a negative effect on corporate performance. After a series of robustness tests and using instrumental variables to solve endogenous problems, the conclusions remain consistent. Further study indicates that the influence of dialect diversity on strategy is enhanced as managers' awareness of the dialectal environment increases, but is weaken if the enterprise is a state-owned enterprise or has larger scale. This research reveals the connection between dialect culture and corporate behavior form a strategic level, provides empirical evidence and enriches the literature for the traditional view of "culture influences strategy", and has significance on promoting the corporate strategic management practices.
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Vrsaljko, Slavica. "Some examples of Croatian dialects’ influence on the lexical diversity of the contemporary linguistic idiom of Zadar among non-native elderly speakers." Review of Croatian history 15, no. 1 (December 20, 2019): 131–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.22586/review.v15i1.9744.
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The synchronic linguistic situation of the urban idiom in the city of Zadar is a result of several strands of dialectal influence: Neo-Shtokavian dialect spoken in the hinterland, Chakavian ikavian (“ikavski”) idiom spoken in the coastal region of Croatia, Central Chakavian ikavian-ekavian (“ikavski-ekavski”) dialect and standard Croatian. Lisac established that the contemporary Zadar idiom consists of a mixture of two Croatian dialects, Chakavian and Shtokavian, each in turn further subdivided into Central Chakavian and South Chakavian, Bosnian-Herzegovinian and East Herzegovinian, respectively. Due to varied historical circumstances, within these dialects we find a number of loanwords, mostly Turkish in Shtokavian and Romance borrowings in the Chakavian dialect. To this end the paper uses linguistic contact theory, applied in research on dialects, and explores influence in one direction only: it explores the presence of Turkish loanwords in Croatian idiom of Zadar (in its Shtokavian dialectal component) and Romance loanwords in the Zadar idiom (in its Chakavian component) but not the influence of Croatian on either Turkish or Romance languages. Hence the recipient language is Croatian (here specifically its Zadar idiom) while the donor languages are Turkish and Romance languages, mainly Venetian Italian but also standard Italian, and in some cases we are dealing with linguistic relics of Romance Dalmatian language in Croatian. We have selected to analyse Turkish loanwords in the Shtokavian dialect and Romance loanwords in the Chakavian dialect (within the Zadar idiom) because they are the most frequent foreign borrowings in the Zadar idiom, especially Romance elements that pervade the varieties of Croatian spoken in the coastal region (they often remain on a regional level only but some have passed from Chakavian into Croatian standard).
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Evans, Betsy E., Matthew Dunbar, and Nicole Chartier. "Cardiffians’ perceptions of English in the UK." Journal of Linguistic Geography 8, no. 1 (April 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jlg.2020.1.
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AbstractThis Perceptual Dialectology (PD) study asked residents of Cardiff, Wales, about their perceptions of English in the United Kingdom (UK). In addition, because face to face exposure to dialect variation has rarely been included as a variable in PD studies, participants were asked about their travel experience to ascertain whether this might influence their responses to a PD map task. Participants’ responses to the map task were analyzed using ArcGIS to create composite maps. Results show that these Cardiffians perceive “dialect or regional” speech boundaries to be located around major cities in England and Wales but also southwest Wales. Composite maps and polygon counts suggest that the more traveled respondents have a more nuanced perception of dialect regions than those who claim to travel less, suggesting that travel experience may influence PD participants’ responses to map tasks.
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Dede, Keith. "Standard Chinese and the Xining dialect." Journal of Asian Pacific Communication 16, no. 2 (October 12, 2006): 319–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/japc.16.2.10ded.
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Xining, the capital of Qinghai province, is an especially valuable location for observing the spread and influence of Standard Chinese, or Putonghua, for at least two reasons. First, the dialect’s history of contact with non-Sinitic languages, mostly Tibetan and Mongolic languages, created an older linguistic stratum that differs markedly from other Mandarin dialects, indeed with most all Chinese dialects, in clearly identifiable ways, so that comparisons between Standard Chinese and variations within the Xining dialect reflect unambiguous cases of standard cum dialect language contact. Second, the demographic history of the region, including large-scale migrations of Chinese-speaking people from other provinces, created a socio-cultural context in which the promotion of Standard Chinese would likely find fertile ground. This paper will show that the combination of these two factors has created a situation in which the old Xining dialect is rapidly disappearing. In its place is not Standard Chinese, per se, but an interdialect, a compromise variety stripped of the most obvious dialect features but clearly distinct from Standard Chinese. The differences will be shown to exist in the phonology, lexicon and syntax of the dialect and that the more highly educated members of the community are leading the changes toward the New Xining dialect. While Standard Chinese is shown to have been a powerful force in the creation the New Xining dialect, it has not completely replaced the local dialect.
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Bühler, Jessica C., Stephan Schmid, and Urs Maurer. "Influence of dialect use on speech perception: a mismatch negativity study." Language, Cognition and Neuroscience 32, no. 6 (December 30, 2016): 757–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23273798.2016.1272704.
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