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Braganti, Stefano. "New York City Bridge Management: influence of subjective elements." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2011. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/2327/.
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Saarela, H. (Helinä). "The influence of self-perceived, subjective attributes on investment behavior." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2014. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526205779.
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Abstract This doctoral thesis aims to contribute to investment behavior research by giving new information on the causes which generate differences in investment behavior. As causes to differences in behavior we focus on the influence of investors’ self-perceived attitudes, evaluations and judgments. We refer to these investor characteristics as subjective attributes. We also test the power of demographic and socio-economic characteristics as causes of differences in investment behavior and refer to these as objective attributes. We approach investment behavior from three dimensions and construct empirical research around each dimension. We find the predictive power of subjective attributes to be strong, which makes it important to take them into account when modeling investment behavior. Our data is collected from two different databases in which subjective and objective attributes are connected with actual investment behavior, i.e. investors’ actual wealth levels and allocations. This is rare because only seldom can researchers link subjective attributes with actual behavior. Our main contributions are the following: 1) Investor-specific risk-standing ability and other subjective attributes have a tight link with investor’s actual risk-standing ability and portfolio choice. This confirms the meaning and importance of European Union regulations which require financial institutions to clarify these issues and in that way betters investor protection. 2) Subjective investor attributes as measures of financial sophistication can be visible as a propensity to withdraw from the stock market during severe market crises. We state that, in addition to its very positive effects, financial sophistication may induce the investor to make mistakes like total withdrawal from the stock market, realization of short- term losses, or exposure to timing problems of stock portfolio rebuilding. 3) Simple questions asked as claims work better as measures of overconfidence than more commonly used calibration-based techniques. Several measures of overconfidence explain trading activity. Trust in one’s own market timing abilities shows as narrower diversification. Our thesis has implications for regulation, financial institutions, financial literacy education and investors themselvesTiivistelmä Tämän tutkimuksen tavoitteena on antaa uutta tietoa syistä, jotka aiheuttavat eroja yksityishenkilöiden sijoituskäyttäytymisessä. Käyttäytymiserojen syissä keskitymme sijoittajien itse mieltämiin mielipiteisiin, arviointeihin ja käsityksiin. Nimeämme nämä tekijät sijoittajan subjektiivisiksi ominaisuuksiksi. Lisäksi testaamme demografisten ja sosioekonomisten ominaisuuksien vaikutusta sijoituskäyttäytymisen eroihin. Nimeämme nämä tekijät sijoittajan objektiivisiksi ominaisuuksiksi. Tarkastelemme sijoituskäyttäytymistä kolmesta lähestymiskulmasta rakentamalla empiirisen tutkimuksen jokaisen kulman ympärille. Tulostemme mukaan subjektiivisten ominaisuuksien vaikutus sijoituskäyttäytymiseen on merkittävä, joten ne on syytä ottaa huomioon käyttäytymisen mallintamisessa. Tutkimusaineistomme muodostuu kahdesta erillisestä aineistosta, joissa kummassakin subjektiiviset ja objektiiviset ominaisuudet yhdistyvät todelliseen sijoituskäyttäytymiseen, eli sijoittajien olemassa oleviin varallisuusmääriin ja -jakaumiin. Tämä on poikkeuksellista, sillä subjektiivisia ominaisuuksia harvoin pystytään yhdistämään todelliseen sijoituskäyttäytymiseen. Tutkimuksemme tärkeimmät kontribuutiot ovat seuraavat. 1) Sijoittajakohtaisella riskinsietokyvyllä ja muilla subjektiivisilla ominaisuuksilla on vahva yhteys sijoittajan todelliseen riskinsietokykyyn ja osakeriskin osuuteen. Tämä vahvistaa Euroopan Unionin määräysten merkityksellisyyttä: näiden asioiden selvittäminen on hyödyllistä sijoittajasuojan parantamiseksi. 2) Subjektiiviset ominaisuudet sijoittajien taloudellista oppineisuutta kuvaavina tekijöinä voivat näkyä taipumuksena vetäytyä osakemarkkinoilta voimakkaan kurssilaskun tilanteessa. Taloudellisen oppineisuuden yleisesti havaittujen positiivisten vaikutusten lisäksi oppineisuus voi myös johtaa sijoitusvirheisiin, kuten vetäytymiseen osakemarkkinoilta, lyhyen aikavälin tappioiden realisoimiseen ja salkun uudelleen rakentamisen mukanaan tuomaan ajoitusriskiin. 3) Yksinkertaiset väitemuodossa esitetyt kysymykset toimivat yliluottamuksen mittareina paremmin kuin enemmän käytetyt kalibrointipohjaiset mittarit. Useat yliluottamuksen mittarit selittävät kaupankäynnin aktiivisuutta. Luottamus omiin kykyihin ennustaa markkinaliikkeitä näkyy kapeampana salkun hajautuksena. Tutkimuksellamme on merkitystä lainsäätäjille, finanssialan yrityksille, tahoille, jotka vastaavat sijoittajatietämyksen kouluttamisesta, sekä sijoittajille itselleen
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Goldman, Annika Sophia. "Intrusive Thinking in Older Adulthood: The Influence of Subjective Cognitive Concerns." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1616605499778697.
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Roberts, Kevin H. "The influence of appetitive and aversive stimuli on subjective temporal acuity." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/62594.
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Anecdotal reports that time “flies by” or “slows down” during emotional events are supported by evidence that the motivational relevance of stimuli influences subsequent duration judgments. Yet it is unknown whether the subjective quality of events as they unfold is altered by motivational relevance. In a novel paradigm, we measured the subjective experience of moment-to-moment visual perception. Participants judged the temporal smoothness of high-approach positive (desserts), negative (e.g. bodily mutilation), and neutral images (commonplace scenes) as they faded to black. Results revealed approach-motivated blurring (AMB), such that positive stimuli were judged as smoother and negative stimuli as choppier relative to neutral stimuli. Participant ratings of approach-motivation predicted perceived fade smoothness after controlling for low-level stimulus features. Electrophysiological data indicated AMB modulated relatively rapid perceptual activation. Results indicate that stimulus value influences subjective temporal perceptual acuity, with approach-motivating stimuli eliciting perception of a “blurred” frame rate characteristic of speeded motion.Arts, Faculty of
Psychology, Department of
Graduate
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TERASHIMA, MASAYOSHI, SHIN'YA YAMADA, HISATAKA SAKAKIBARA, MASARU MIYAO, and TAKASHI OHGA. "The Influence of Sleep Deprivation on the Contingent Negative Variation." Nagoya University School of Medicine, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/17482.
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Le, Couteur J. G. "An exploration of factors that may influence the subjective well-being of students." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2016. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/3007648/.
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Leech, Irene E. "The intention to save for retirement: the influence of attitudes and subjective norms." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/51934.
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America's population is aging. People are living longer and medical advances continue to make that true. Many citizens count on social security as a major source of retirement income. Future retirees will find that there will be fewer workers to support them and unless the nation stops borrowing from the social security fund to finance the deficit, there will be less money for retirees. All of this means that it is important for individuals to save for retirement. Martin Fishbein developed the Behavioral Intention Model to explain various behaviors. According to the model, attitude and subjective norm explain the variation in the intention to behave a certain way and there is a high correlation between intention and behavior when using this model. Indirect measures of attitude and subjective norm increase understanding of these variables. The Fishbein model and an extended version of it, to which demographic variables were added, were tested in this study. Five hundred Virginia Tech classified employees received the mail survey instrument, which was based upon Dillman's specifications, in June 1988. A 74.6% response was received. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlations, t-tests, multiple regression, and path analysis. While the Fishbein model accounted for 22% of the variation in the intention to save for retirement, the extended model accounted for 40% of the variation. In addition to attitude, number of assets, having a dependent child between the ages of 5 ard 13, number of years expected to live after retirement, and age made significant contributions to the variation in the intention. It was concluded that the extended model is a better theoretical framework for explaining the intention to save for retirement. There were statistically and practically significant differences in the indirect measures of attitude and subjective norm for those who intended to save and those who did not. However it was apparent that neither group believed that saving now will assure than of financial security in retirement. Additional research is needed to further explore the variables which influence individual's intentions to save for retirement.Ph. D.
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Gwinn, Rachael E. "Attitudes and Attention: How Attitude Accessibility and Certainty Influence Attention and Subjective Choice." The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu14804247828136.
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Henriksson, Lori. "Parental influence on gifted men's and women's subjective task value of math and science." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0015/MQ48008.pdf.
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Skianis, Vasileios. "The influence of nature on secondary school students' subjective well-being in England and Greece." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2013. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/753/.
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The main aim of this thesis is to investigate the potential benefits of affiliation with nature on British and Greek secondary school students’ positive functioning, and the variations in relation to climate and geography conditions. Particular emphasis is given on the role of schools' environmental education programs and activities. Following the contemporary positive psychology theory, we have focused on two main well-being conceptualizations: (i) the hedonic (or so-called subjective well-being), i.e. life satisfaction/happiness, and (ii) the eudaimonic, i.e. personal growth/flourishing life. A wide range of objective and subjective indicators have been used to represent various environmental parameters. The subjective indicators include students’ perceptions about the surrounding environment, their experiential exposure to nature (participation in outdoor sports, excursions to nature, etc.), environmental attitudes, values and knowledge, while the objective indicators assess the local climate and geographical characteristics, such as average annual temperature, wind and precipitation, altitude, distance from sea, rural vs. urban areas, and local environmental conditions, such as air pollution, proximity to heavy industries and airports, and proximity to areas of outstanding natural beauty. The study employs a quantitative survey approach (paper and internet based) to collect cross-sectional data from various lower and upper secondary schools across the two countries. A sample of 3614 students (aged between 14 and 19 years old) from 94 Greek secondary schools and 527 students (aged between 12 and 19 years old) from 15 English secondary schools have been collected during the academic years 2010-2011 and 2011-2012. The statistical analysis is mainly based on OLS and ordered logistic regressions with clustered standard errors, to control for intraclass correlation among the respodents. The findings highlight the significant effect of connectedness with nature on subjective and eudaimonic well-being, and the beneficial role of environmental education in promoting overall life satisfaction, school satisfaction and eudaimonia, either directly or indirectly through the enhancement of connectedness with nature.
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Alzina, Cécile. "Influence de la structure formelle sur la sémantique musicale et la perception subjective du temps." Paris 10, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA100190.
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De nombreuses études mettent en doute la perception de la structure formelle, et prétendent que la musique ne s’écoute que sur un laps de temps de quelques secondes, dans une sorte de fenêtre temporelle qui se déplace et où la structure globale n’aurait pas d’impact sur la façon dont est perçue la musique. Cependant, l’objet de cette thèse est de montrer que notre perception musicale va au-delà de ce laps de temps et de ce niveau de structure, et que la structure formelle génère une narrativité qui est portée de phrase musicale en phrase musicale tout au long du morceau. Afin de le démontrer, nous proposons de modifier la structure de trois musiques de styles variés, à un niveau correspondant à la macro-forme musicale, c’est-à-dire au-delà de ces quelques secondes correspondant au présent perçu. Puis nous démontrons l’impact de cette modification sur la perception en utilisant d’une part des associations sémantiques libres à la musique, et l’estimation subjective du temps de la séquence musicale d’autre part. Il apparaît alors que le sens attribué par les sujets à une section musicale donnée est très atténué lorsque cette section est placée dans un contexte musical différent. Par ailleurs, même si les sujets ne se rendent pas compte du subterfuge du montage musical, l’impression d’avoir écouté une musique qui dure plus longtemps que l’original montre la difficulté que le cerveau rencontre pour assimiler une structure qui n’est pas naturelleA number of studies put into question the perception of the formal structure of music, suggesting that music is heard over a period of a few seconds, within a kind of sliding temporal window and where the overall structure would not have any impact on how the music is perceived. The aim of this thesis is to show that our musical perception goes beyond this period of time and this structural level, and that the formal structure creates a narrativity which leads from musical phrase to musical phrase, connecting them all along the way. To demonstrate this, we propose to change the structure of three musical pieces of various styles, at a level corresponding to the macro-musical form, that is to say beyond these few seconds corresponding to the perceived present. Then we demonstrate the impact of this change on the perception by using, on the one hand, a method of free semantic association to the music and, on the other hand, the subjective estimate of the duration of the musical sequence. It appears that the meaning assigned by the subjects to a given musical section is very attenuated when this section is placed in a different musical context. Moreover, even if the subjects do not realize the subterfuge of the scrambled musical version, the feeling of having listened to a music that lasts longer than the original version highlights the difficulty that the brain encounters when trying to assimilate a structure that is not natural
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Reyes, Martinez Javier. "Exploring the Influence of Cultural Participation on the Subjective Well-Being of Victims of Crime in Mexico:." Thesis, Boston College, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:109130.
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Thesis advisor: Margaret LombeThesis advisor: Oscar Alfonso Martínez Martínez
The influence of cultural participation (in this study, attendance, engagement, and consumption in cultural and artistic activities) on the subjective well-being of victims of crime has not been thoroughly studied. Considering the increasing incidence of crime in Mexico, for policymakers and practitioners, it is necessary to understand the strategies and adaptations that persons utilize in response to crime victimization and the effects of this on their subjective well-being. With data from the 2012 Self-reported Well-Being Survey (BIARE, n=10,654) and through a generalized structural equation modeling analysis, the main purpose of the dissertation is to understand whether cultural participation can moderate or mediate the effects of victimization on individuals’ subjective well-being. Results from the study show an overall positive influence of the cultural participation activities on the subjective well-being of victims of community and structural violence (but not of domestic violence), because, for those who reported higher levels of cultural participation, the probability of better subjective well-being was higher. This has implications for scholars, policymakers, and practitioners in the improvement of the general quality of life of crime victims
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2021
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Social Work
Discipline: Social Work
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Stenfors, Cecilia U. D. "Subjective Cognitive Complaints in the Working Population : The Influence of Objective Cognitive Functioning and Working Conditions." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Psykologiska institutionen, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-95797.
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Cognitive functioning is important for managing work and life in general. However, subjective cognitive complaints (SCC), involving self-perceived difficulties with concentration, memory, decision making, and clear thinking are common in the general and in the working population and can be coupled with both lowered well-being and work ability. The present thesis investigated the extent to which SCC among people in the work force can be explained by objective cognitive functioning (study I & II) and working conditions (study III), utilizing samples from the working population. The potential roles of other common psychological problems which often co-occur with SCC were also investigated in studies I-III. In Study I, high levels of SCC were associated with significantly poorer episodic memory performance during high executive demands and a trend was found towards poorer episodic memory, while not being associated with semantic memory. In Study II, high levels of SCC were associated with significantly poorer executive cognitive performance on all three executive cognitive tests used. Symptoms of depression, chronic stress and sleeping problems were found to play an important role in the relations between SCC and episodic memory during divided attention in study I and executive cognitive functioning in study II. In Study III, in all cross-sectional data analyses, high quantitative demands, information and communication technology (ICT) demands, underqualification in the work situation and inter-personal conflicts were positively associated with SCC, whereas social support, good resources at work and overqualification in the work situation were negatively associated with SCC. In all prospective data analyses, quantitative job demands, ICT demands and underqualification were positively associated with future SCC, including when adjusted for baseline cognitive complaints. The findings may guide prevention of and interventions for SCC among people in the work force.At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 1: Submitted. Paper 2: Accepted.
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Adler, Sarah Elizabeth. "The Influence of Burmese Buddhist Understandings of Suffering on the Subjective Experience and Social Perceptions of Schizophrenia." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1192052314.
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Bubna, Mikaela. "Temporal Recalibration: Does Awareness Influence How We Perceive Time?" Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/41950.
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After exposure to a short, constant delay between voluntary movement and sensory
stimuli, temporal recalibration (TR) arises to realign asynchronous stimuli. The objective of this
study was to determine if awareness of the temporal lag between a motor response (i.e., a
keypress) and a sensory event (i.e., a visual flash) is necessary for TR to occur. We further
investigated whether manipulating the motor and judgment tasks required modifies the influence
of awareness on TR due to the cognitive processes engaged. Participants (n = 22) were randomly
divided between two groups (Group 1: Aware and Group 2: Unaware). The Aware group was
told of the temporal lag between their keypress and visual flash at the beginning of the
experiment, whereas the Unaware group was not. All participants completed 8 blocks of trials, in
which the motor tasks (e.g., a single or repetitive tap), judgment tasks (e.g., judging the order of
the keypress in relation to the visual flash or judging whether the two stimuli were simultaneous
or not), and temporal lag between keypress and visual flash (e.g., a 0 ms or 100 ms lag) varied.
TR was determined by comparing judgments between corresponding blocks of trials in which the
temporal lag was 0 ms to 100 ms. Results revealed that both the Aware and Unaware groups of
participants demonstrated TR across both motor and judgment tasks, and that the magnitude of
TR did not vary across Aware and Unaware participants or tasks. Thus, results of the present
study revealed that awareness of a temporal lag does not influence the magnitude of motor-sensory
TR achieved.
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Bagger, Jessica. "A Test Of Time's Objective and Subjective Influence On Work-Family Conflic in Sweden and the United States." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/193565.
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Past research suggests that the relationship between work hours and work-family conflict is not as strong as expected, suggesting a need to investigate moderators of the relationship. This dissertation explores whether the value placed on time spent in a domain (subjective influence) moderates the relationship between actual time spent (objective influence) and subsequent work-family conflict. Value on time spent in a domain is operationalized as centrality, which draws upon the works of Mead (1934) and reflects the self-ascribed importance of a role identity (Ritzer, 1992). The concept of role-identities originates in sociological theories of identity: Identity theory (Stryker, 1980) and role-identity-theory (McCall & Simons, 1978). This mediated model is tested in a cross-national sample consisting of participants from Sweden and the United States. Sweden and the United States have been chosen because they represent very different public policy conceptions, particularly in approaching the work-family issue. Swedish public policy supports the reconciliation of employment and parenthood while North American public policy supports the male breadwinner model.Results of a field study show that the moderating effect of centrality on the relationship between hours spent and work-family conflict is significant only for high earners. Analyses were also conducted to compare Sweden and the United States with regards to work and family hours, work and family centrality, and work-family conflict. As expected, Americans work longer hours than Swedes. However, there is no significant difference with regard to work-family conflict. Unexpectedly, Swedes reported higher work centrality. Antecedents and consequences of work-family were also investigated. Specifically, daycare satisfaction related negatively to work-family conflict, while work-family conflict related negatively to turnover intentions.
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Clancy, Carmel. "The influence of job satisfaction, burnout and neuroticism on subjective intra-role transition (SIRT) among addiction nurse specialists." Thesis, University of London, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.539381.
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Coelho, Cristina. "Influence de l'usinage du bois sur les caractéristiques objectives et sur la perception subjective de l'aspect d'une finition." Nancy 1, 2006. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_2006_0109_COELHO.pdf.
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L'influence des paramètres d'usinage du bois sur la qualité de la surface finie a été étudiée. Les paramètres étudiés concernent les opérations d'usinage, de préparation de la surface et d'application des produits. Un plan d'expériences de Taguchi a été utilisé. La quantification de l'état de la surface a été effectuée en utilisant un système de vision artificielle pour la détermination de la pseudo-rugosité des surfaces de bois. Des critères objectifs d'évaluation du profil de la surface obtenue ont été déterminés : ondulation Kond et rugosité Krug qui présentent une bonne corrélation avec les qualités d'usinage. L'évaluation de la perception de l'état de la surface et de la qualité subjective de la finition a été réalisée en utilisant des méthodes visuelles et tactiles de perception (panel d'observateurs). Parmi les critères objectifs d'état de surface mesurés, un critère nommé Ksub a été défini qui présente la meilleure corrélation avec les résultats de l'analyse subjectiveThe influence of the operating parameters of wood machining on the quality of a finished surface was established. Several parameters were studied related to the machining operation, to the surface preparation and to the product application. A statistical Taguschi experimental tool was implemented. The quantitative evaluation of the state of the surface was assessed by means of an artificial vision system for the determination of the pseudo-roughness of wood surfaces. Various criteria for evaluating the resulting profile were derived. The undulation Kond and roughness Krug criteria give good correlation with the different qualities of machining. The assessment of the perception of surface state and subjective quality of the finishing will be carried out by means of visual and tactile perception methods. Among the criteria which characterize the state of the surface, a criterion named Ksub was defined which present the best correlation with the results of the subjective analysis
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Hiler, Marzena M. "THE INFLUENCE OF ELECTRONIC CIGARETTE HEATING COIL RESISTANCE ON NICOTINE DELIVERY, HEART RATE, SUBJECTIVE EFFECTS, AND PUFF TOPOGRAPHY." VCU Scholars Compass, 2019. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5988.
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Electronic cigarette (ECIG) users can manipulate several device features including liquid nicotine concentration (mg/ml) and heating coil resistance (Ohms). One class of ECIG models, called “sub-Ohm” devices, use coils with a resistance of < 1 Ohms, lower than those observed in conventional ECIGs (e.g., ≥ 1.5 Ohms). Increasing voltage or decreasing coil resistance increases device power. Given that ECIG coil resistance and liquid nicotine concentration have not been manipulated systematically and simultaneously in clinical laboratory studies, the influence of these factors on ECIG acute effects remain unclear. The primary purpose of this study was to examine the influence of coil resistance and liquid nicotine concentration on nicotine delivery, heart rate (HR), subjective effects, puff topography, and liquid consumption.
Thirty-two experienced ECIG users completed four independent laboratory sessions that differed by coil resistance (0.5Ohm or 1.5Ohm ) and liquid nicotine concentration (3 or 8 mg/ml). In each session, participants used a 4.5 V “Kanger SUBOX” loaded with 3.5 ml ECIG liquid in a 10-puff directed and 60-minute ad libitum bout. Nicotine delivery was greatest when using 8 mg+0.5Ohm combination and lowest when using the 3 mg/ml+1.5Ohm combination and HR followed a similar pattern. Abstinence symptom suppression was most pronounced for the 8 mg+0.5Ohm combination and least pronounced for the 3 mg/ml+1.5Ohm combination. Participants provided the highest ratings for pleasantness, satisfaction, and liking of harshness/irritancy and throat hit sensations for the 3 mg+0.5Ohm combination. Overall, use of ECIGs filled with 3 mg/ml nicotine concentration resulted in longer/larger puffs, increased puff frequency, and greater consumption of ECIG liquid. ECIG coil resistance, liquid nicotine concentration, and user puff topography, all of which influence ECIG nicotine delivery, should be considered together when making regulatory decisions aimed at protecting public health.
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Davis, Cataria Coquese. "AT HOME FOOD SAFETY BEHAVIORS OF OLDER ADULTS: ASSESSING THE INFLUENCE OF ATTITUDES, SUBJECTIVE NORMS, AND BEHAVIORAL INTENTION." OpenSIUC, 2019. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/1747.
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The incidence of foodborne illness is extremely costly to the United States. The field of health education is challenged with promoting food safety awareness and education similar to other prevalent heath issues such as infectious diseases. It is important for health educators to develop programs targeted at older adults, as well as the referent individuals in their lives. The purpose of this study was to assess the influences of attitudes, subjective norms, and behavioral intention in regard to older adults’ in-home food safety behaviors. Therefore, only older adults who still prepare and cook their own foods were invited to participate in the study. Participants were conveniently accessed from congregate meal sites throughout the southern six counties in Southern Illinois and asked if they would voluntarily take a self-report survey. The survey was adopted and modified from the Research Triangle Institute. It was modified to include a demographic scale to assess the characteristics of the current sample, and included four subscales: a knowledge scale, an attitudes scale, a subjective norms scale, and a behavioral intention scale. The purpose of the knowledge scale was to understand what food safety knowledge older adults actually possessed. Older adults had limited knowledge about food safety and foodborne illness. Their attitudes towards food safety and foodborne illness were also more negative instead of positive. However, increased knowledge correlated with more positive attitudes. Attitudes did not predict behavioral intention. Higher levels of subjective norms tended to predict increased levels of behavioral intention. It is imperative that health educators create and develop programs that target referent persons involved with older adults. This can be an important factor in increasing older adults’ food safety knowledge, attitudes, and behavioral intention levels.
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McNeill, Erin Talbot. "Variations in subjective state over the oral contraceptive pill cycle : the influence of endogenous steroids and temporal manipulations." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/20013.
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Many biological systems vary rhythmically in response to changes in both the external and internal environment. Some rhythms, such as the menstrual cycle in women, are built into the organism and repeat themselves over time without any support from external factors. It has been acknowledged for a long time that in addition to the predictable changes in steroid hormones that occur over the menstrual cycle, many women also experience concomitant changes in their physical and emotional well being. Most of the literature concentrates on the fact that negative moods and physical changes seem to occur predominantly before and during menstruation. Given the close temporal relationship of these changes to the timing of the steroid cycle, causal mechanisms have traditionally been sought in the hormonal changes themselves. Yet the literature reveals that no causal role has consistently been found for any of a large number of hormonal parameters that change over the menstrual cycle. Further, there is good evidence that variations in well being of a similar magnitude, and with similar timing occur during the combined oral contraceptive pill cycle. This thesis is concerned with exploring the aetiology of cycle-related change in emotional and physical well being during oral contraceptive use. Its two fundamental objectives are 1) to clarify why women taking the pill have similar experiences to women with hormonally distinct, menstrual cycles, and 2) to test a novel aetiological hypothesis with women taking the pill that there exists an endogenous rhythm of well being that is coupled to, but not caused by cyclical hormones. This knowledge may help us to understand better the phenomenology of the 'normal' cycle. The role of social factors in the expression of cycle-related change is just as poorly understood as the complex influence of biological factors. Thus a third portion of this thesis is devoted to exploring the nature of women's beliefs about their cycles, and investigating how they may 'translate' in their experience and reporting.
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Ho, Karl Ka-yiu. "The Subjective Economy and Political Support: The Case of the British Labour Party." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1992. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500261/.
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During the past two decades, extensive research efforts have focused on the conventional wisdom that the economy has a direct influence on a party's destiny. This hypothesis rests on the implicit assumption that the linkages between macroeconomic variables such as inflation and unemployment and party support are direct and unmediated. As the present study indicates, however, objective economic measures only serve as a proxy for the invisible force that drives voters' party support. Once the relevant variables, namely, the perceptual factors of the electorate, are controlled for, variables that describe the state of the objective economy fail to exert their "magic" on political behavior.
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Cowen, Jeffrey B. "The influence of perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness and subjective norm on computed radiography systems a pilot study /." Connect to resource, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1811/36983.
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Robinson, Lauren Marie. "The influence of personality on primate health, welfare, and happiness." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/25767.
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Is personality important for understanding the variation we see in animal welfare? In this thesis, I address that question by studying the association between personality and health, welfare, and happiness in three species of nonhuman primate: rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta), brown capuchins (Sapajus apella), and chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). As part of this research I test a newly designed animal welfare questionnaire. In Chapter 1 I review how animal welfare questionnaires can be designed and implemented as an addition tool for assessing animal welfare. In Chapter 2 I present a study of rhesus macaque personality, dominance, behaviour, and health. In Chapter 3 I test the reliability and validity of my animal welfare questionnaire. In Chapter 4 I extended my work on welfare questionnaires to test if they are valid for assessment of chimpanzee welfare and associated with personality. I specifically test if welfare ratings are based on observed behaviour. I conclude my quantitative work in Chapter 5 with a study testing the association between personality and health, welfare, and subjective well-being in rhesus macaques. Finally, Chapter 6 includes my conclusions and future directions for this line of research. Across all four quantitative studies some common trends were found. First, personality is associated with overall welfare and health. Second, welfare questionnaires are reliable and valid way to assess welfare in the studied species. And third, welfare and subjective well-being are measuring the same construct in these species. Overall, I conclude that personality is clearly useful for understanding animal welfare and that questionnaires are a reliable, valid, and valuable method of animal welfare assessment, in additional to traditional methods.
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St, Quintin Paul. "To be or not to be – factors that influence entrepreneurial intention : a Botswana study." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/26356.
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This study explores whether final year university students possess entrepreneurial intention and which factors determine such a career choice. A quantitative study of 228 fourth year undergraduate students from the University of Botswana was undertaken to investigate the relationship between entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial self-efficacy and whether this is influenced by internal and environmental factors. This study offers empirical proof that entrepreneurial interests lead to entrepreneurial intent when students posses entrepreneurial self-efficacy. Students with a creative cognitive style show strong entrepreneurial intent irrespective of the level of self-concept. It is suggested that environmental factors do not have a significant influence on the decision to pursue self-employment.Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2010.
Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)
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Chen, Po-Ju. "The influence of participant-selected versus experimenter-chosen music on subjective sleep quality of people over 60 years of age." Diss., Connect to online resource - MSU authorized users, 2008.
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Momplaisir, Hans. "Racial/Ethnic Heterogeneity, Religion, and Mental Health: Examining the Influence of Religiosity on African American and Afro-Caribbean Subjective Well-Being." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/83870.
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Religion is important to most African Americans and Afro-Caribbeans. Church attendance is positively associated with aspects of subjective well-being. However, research concerning the influence of religiosity on African Americans' and Afro-Caribbeans' subjective well-being is scarce. Research into whether measures other than church attendance is positively linked to measures of subjective well-being is thin. In addition, investigations into which mechanisms shape religion's impact on subjective well-being for both groups are also lacking. Next, investigations into whether religiosity buffers the influence of stressors on subjective well-being is limited. To address these concerns this three-part study examined the relationship among race/ethnicity, dimensions of religiosity, psychological and social resources, stressors, and subjective well-being for African Americans and Afro-Caribbeans. I used data from the National Survey of American Life (NSAL; Jackson et al. 2004) to conduct my investigation. Collectively these studies address the following overarching research questions: Is religiosity (organizational religious involvement and non-organizational religious involvement) associated with better subjective well-being for both African Americans and Afro-Caribbeans? Does religious social support mediate the relationship between religiosity and subjective well-being? Does racial discrimination adversely impact subjective well-being for African Americans and Afro-Caribbeans? Does religiosity buffer the adverse impact of racial discrimination on subjective well-being for both groups? Does religiosity interact with financial stress to influence subjective well-being? Does self-esteem mediate any buffering effects of religiosity on this relationship? Results showed that organizational religious involvement was positively associated with African American and Afro-Caribbean's subjective well-being. Non-organizational religious involvement had no association with most measures (Only position on the life ladder). Organizational religious involvement benefited happiness, life satisfaction, and position on life ladder more for Afro-Caribbean immigrants than African Americans and U.S born Afro-Caribbeans. Religious social support partially mediated the relationships between organizational religious involvement and life satisfaction and position on the life ladder for African Americans and Afro-Caribbeans. Organizational religious involvement fully mediated the relationship between organizational religious involvement and self-rated mental health for both groups. Next, organizational religious involvement did not help protect subjective well-being against the negative effects of racial discrimination for African Americans. Organizational religious involvement alleviated the negative impact of racial discrimination on happiness more for Afro-Caribbean non-immigrants and the other two groups. In addition, organizational religious involvement buffered the negative effect of racial discrimination on being on a better position on the life ladder more for Afro-Caribbean immigrants than their counterparts. Finally, organizational religious involvement was associated with less adverse effects of financial stress on subjective well-being. Organizational religious involvement buffered the deleterious effect of financial stress on subjective well-being by protecting self-esteem.Ph. D.
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Wolski, Stacy. "The impact of network structural position on the contributory influence of attitude and subjective norm on behavioral intention: A multilevel test." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/280077.
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Within contemporary views of attitude formation and change, two sources of influence are assumed to be available to the decision-maker when faced with making a behavioral decision. The first source represents information about consequences of engaging in the behavior and it is based on an individual's attitude. The second is based on normative information about the opinions held by others. Both attitudinal and normative influence can contribute to decision-outcomes, but there is little known about what factors impact the relative contribution of one over the other. In addition to individual level perceptions of a behavior, the context in which a decision is made also influences how individuals make behavioral decisions. The Structural Theory of Social Influence (SSI) proposes that network position, one of many contextual properties, explains how individuals weigh information from both attitudinal and normative sources (Friedkin, 1998). A multilevel test of this explanation is presented. Micro-level variables were based on individual level perceptions of attitude and subjective norm. A decision context was measured by social network analysis to create the macro-level variable of network position. This study focused on a decision context that was constructed of faculty and their behavioral intentions regarding a set of teaching behaviors. The results from a cross-level test (between the macro- and micro-level variables) suggest that network position does not explain variation attitudinal influence. These results are discussed in terms of the SSI and in how they inform diffusion processes. It is proposed that a theory of the balance between attitudinal and normative influence should include individual, behavioral, as well as structural level predictors of interpersonal influence.
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Velana, Maria [Verfasser]. "The influence of emotion on subjective pain experience, self-reported affect and physiological responses under different heat pain intensities / Maria Velana." Ulm : Universität Ulm, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1200994345/34.
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Bartels, Monica, and Eevi Salo. "How Does Culture Influence Experiences of Happiness and Well-being? : A Comparative Study of Chinese and Swedish Perceptions." Thesis, Högskolan för lärande och kommunikation, Högskolan i Jönköping, HLK, Globala studier, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-40428.
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The purpose of this study is to analyze if and how cultural values and expectations in society influence the experiences and perceptions of happiness and well-being. Applying a quantitative research methods approach, a survey based on previous research was conducted to compare and analyze experiences and perceptions between two contrasting cultures, China and Sweden, using Hofstede’s national culture dimensions as an analytical tool. The sample consisted of students from China and Sweden. The findings from the study show that both groups ranked family as being the domain of life most important for their well-being, followed by health for the Chinese group, and friends for the Swedish group. There were statistically significant differences in the mean responses in some questions that may be attributed to cultural differences. For example, finishing long-term difficult tasks was ranked more important for the well- being by the Chinese group. As for the Swedish group, they felt to a higher degree that they had the freedom to choose what they would like work with. The majority of the responses, however, were similar between the two groups. The paper discusses how globalization may contribute to converging values in the current generation of students. Furthermore, other factors such as internal abilities and societal and cultural structures have an influence on the possibilities to pursue goals in life. Happiness is achieved by finding a balance in life between what you can achieve and accepting what you cannot. The themes and concepts used in the study are inspired by Jongbloed and Andres’ concepts of happiness as balance and gears of well-being. The study contributes to the research fields of human-centered development, and happiness studies on how subjective indicators as a complement to objective indicators can be used to better measure growth from a cultural perspective.
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Morgan, Lauren Jayne. "The influence of whole-body vibration and axial rotation on musculoskeletal discomfort of the neck and trunk." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2011. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/9138.
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Elements of an individuals occupational exposure, such as their posture can affect their comfort during work, and also their long term musculoskeletal health. Knowledge as to the extent of the influence of particular aspects of the exposures can help in providing guidance on risk evaluation, and direct future technical design focus. In many situations the exposures interact, and even if the effects of individual exposures are understood, the interactions are often less so. This is certainly the case with off-road driving exposures. Specific investigations have focussed on the effects of vibration exposure, resulting in the development of international standards and guidelines on measurement and evaluation of exposure. Consideration of the posture of the operator can be accomplished through postural assessment tools, although none of the currently available methods are developed specifically for use within a vehicle environment. The issues of both the posture of the operator and the seated vibration exposure are particularly apparent in off-road agricultural driving environments, where the driving task dictates that operator is often required to maintain specific postures whilst also exposed to whole-body vibration. In agriculture, many of the tasks require the operator to maintain axially rotated postures to complete the task effectively. The analysis of the combined effects of the axial rotation of the operator and the whole-body vibration exposure has been limited to a few studies within the literature, and is currently poorly understood. The overall aim of the thesis was to assess the influence of axial rotation and whole-body vibration on the musculoskeletal discomfort of the neck and trunk, in order that the true extent of the exposure risk may be evaluated. A field study was conducted to determine the common characteristics of some typical exposures, to provide a basis for the laboratory studies. A survey of expert opinion was conducted, examining the knowledge and experience of experts in assessing the relative influence of axial rotation and whole-body vibration on operators musculoskeletal health. The main investigations of the thesis are focussed in the laboratory, where the objective and subjective effects of axial rotation (static and dynamic) and whole-body vibration were investigated. Objective measures included the investigation of muscular fatigue in response to exposures. The tasks investigated in the field study indicated that the exposures often exceed the EU Physical Agents Exposure Limit Value, and that the axial rotation is a large component of the postures required. The survey of expert opinion concluded that combined exposure to axial rotation and whole-body vibration would increase the risks of lower back pain, and that acknowledgement of combined exposures should be included when assessing for risk. The results of the laboratory studies indicated that the greatest discomfort was present when subjects were exposed to axial rotation in the neck and shoulders. Out of the 8 muscles investigated, at most 6 of the 8 indicated fatigue during an experimental exposure. The muscle group which was affected most by the exposures was the m. trapezius pars decendens. Findings demonstrated that when subjects were exposed to axial rotation and whole-body vibration they indicated discomfort and their muscles fatigued. However, there was poor correlation between the sites of discomfort and the location of muscular fatigue. The discomfort findings suggest that there is an increased risk of discomfort from experiencing axial rotation together with whole-body vibration. Investigations of muscular fatigue do not substantiate this finding.
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Långvik, Sara. "Influence of audio on perception and comprehension of video sequences : A SUBJECTIVE TEST OF PERCEPTION OF AUDIOVISUAL CONTENT WHERE AUDIO QUALITY WAS CHANGED." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för datavetenskap och kommunikation (CSC), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-178978.
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Richmond, Jillian. "Time is on my side ... or is it? : do our subjective experiences of time perspective and representations of time influence emotions and goal achievement?" Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2012. https://researchportal.port.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/time-is-on-my-sideor-is-it(336cff5c-f2f7-41e0-9b61-1f8abbb06c84).html.
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Time is objectively measurable, but is subjectively understood within our own time perspective (Zimbardo & Boyd, 1999) and representations of time (Margolies & Crawford, 2008; McGlone & Harding, 1998). The present thesis is in two parts. Part 1 explored how our perceptions and representations of time may influence our emotions. Study 1 sought to validate a measure of two time representations (ego-moving and time-moving) and found that people think about time in a metaphor-consistent manner across clock, calendar, and spatial questions (N=94). Study 2 (N=128) found that those choosing an ego-moving representation were more likely to see themselves approaching events, reported higher levels of personal agency and scored higher in the Future time perspective. Those who choose a time-moving representation saw the event as approaching them, had significantly lower scores on personal agency and scored highly on Present Fatalism. Study 3 (N=199) found that those who reported an ego-moving representation were significantly happier, whereas those reporting a time-moving representation were significantly more anxious and depressed. Study 4 (N=232) found that when happiness is induced, participants report significantly more ego-moving representations, whereas when anxiety or sadness are induced, participants report significantly more time-moving representations. Study 5 (N=106) found that when ego-moving representations were induced, participants reported significantly higher happiness scores, whereas when time-moving was induced participants report significantly higher anxiety and sadness/depression. Part 2 explored one aspect of ego-moving representations of time, that of goal-getting and perceptions of time morem closely. In study 6 (N=139), time perspective was explored in relation to non-achievement of goals. Findings suggest those high in Present Fatalism procrastinate significantly more frequently and often only form the intention towards achieving their goals, and were significantly more upset at past failures. Fatalists also tended not to use cognitive reappraisal strategies to enable them to think differently about how to achieve their goal in future attempts. Those high in the Future time perspective were less likely to procrastinate, less upset at non-attainment of goals, and did tend to use cognitive reappraisal. Study 7 (N=162) examined time perspective, self-efficacy, and goal achievement. For those who achieved their goal within 7 days, the Past Positive and Future time perspectives positively predicted self-efficacy, whereas Present Fatalism negatively predicted self-efficacy. Finally, study 8 (N=76) sought to determine whether focussing on different time perspectives were of help in achieving goals. Results revealed that by focusing on what we have achieved in the past and thinking about managing our future time in the same way we think about our present time may help us to achieve our goals by increasing self-efficacy.
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Hägg, Jennifer, and Signe Sander Nielsen. "How does the height of a chair influence the pressure distribution inside and underneath a transfemoral prosthetic socket whilst seated?" Thesis, Högskolan i Jönköping, Hälsohögskolan, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-30523.
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Although sitting is a large part of everyday life is the influence of the sitting positions and chair design on pressure and load distribution as well as comfort for transfemoral amputees quite unexplored. The aim of this study was therefore to examine this further. Two transfemorally amputated females (49 and 57 years old) participated in the study. Three positions were examined for each subject; sitting without foot support and sitting with the knee joints flexed 90◦ and 105◦. The pressure inside the socket was measured by two pressure sensors, placed distally and proximally on the posterior wall inside the socket. The lengthwise pressure distribution and the sidewise load distribution between the socket and the underlying material was measured by a pressure mat. In addition to this, the subjects answered a questionnaire regarding the subjective comfort for each position. The result showed that the pressure underneath the socket were higher distally than proximally without foot support. The pressure transferred proximally as the knee became more flexed. The most even load distribution sidewise was found when the subjects sat with their knees flexed 105 degrees. Sitting with the knees flexed 90◦ was ranked as the most comfortable position. No conclusion could be made regarding the pressure inside of the socket. Additionally, according to this study the level of comfort does not have any clear relation with the sidewise load distribution or the longitudinal pressure distribution.En stor del av livet spenderas sittandes, men den påverkan som sittposition och stoldesign har på tryckfördelning och komfort för transfemoralt amputerade är ganska outforskat. Studien ämnar därför undersöka detta. Två transfemoralt amputerade kvinnor (49 och 57 år) medverkade i studien. Tre sittpositioner undersöktes för varje testperson; sittande utan fotstöd samt sittande med knäleden i 90◦ respektive 105◦ flexion. Trycket inuti hylsan mättes med hjälp av två trycksensorer, som placerades distalt och proximalt på den bakre hylsväggen. Tryckfördelningen i längsriktningen och lastfördelningen i sidled mellan hylsan och underlaget mättes med en tryckmatta. Förutom detta svarade testpersonerna även på ett frågeformulär angående den subjektiva komforten för varje position. Resultatet visade att trycket under hylsan var högre distalt än proximalt när inget fotstöd användes. Trycket förflyttades proximalt då knät böjdes. Den mest jämna lastfördelningen mellan sidorna påträffades när knät var flekterat 105◦. Enligt frågeformuläret var den mest bekväma positionen den med 90◦ i knäleden. Ingen slutsats kunde göras angående trycket inuit hylsan. Ingen tydlig relation kunde heller inte hittas mellan den subjektiva komforten och tryck- eller lastfördelningen.
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Land, Anthony Christopher. "Towards enhancing responsibility and accountability in humanitarian action : understanding the subjective factors that influence evaluation of humanitarian actions and the implementation of the recommendations made." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2014. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/18133/.
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When specialists in the evaluation of humanitarian action meet they often complain that “evaluations tell us nothing new”. Can this complaint be justified and, if so, can any additional insights into the reasons be discovered? An analysis and comparison is made of the recommendations arising from the evaluations of the humanitarian response to two major forced displacements and two natural disasters. The comparison is used to identify the extent to which recommendations made in the evaluation of the earlier of each pair were repeated in the subsequent evaluations. An analysis of the subjective influences reported as impinging upon nine of the earliest evaluations of humanitarian actions is made. A series of 22 elite interviews with staff of humanitarian organisations and independent consultants directly involved in the evaluation of humanitarian action reveals the continuing influence of these ‘subjective’ factors and indicates of a lack of confidence in the evaluation process as a tool for institutional learning. The roles of agency and structure in the subjective influences impinging on the evaluation of humanitarian action are analysed and recommendations made for the improvement of the evaluation/learning cycle.
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Jorge, Ana Maria Nabais. "Sobre a Definição de Outlier no Domínio Específico dos Modelos Lineares e Séries Temporais." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/4017.
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Mestrado em Matemática Aplicada à Economia e Gestão0 que são outliers e o que é o problema outlier? O principal objectivo desta dissertação é fazer o ponto da situação sobre o conceito outlier e como este é tratado no domínio específico dos modelos lineares e das séries temporais, para além de tentar saber como é que os mais modernos pacotes estatísticos tratam o tema. Assim, o nosso trabalho encontra-se dividido em seis capítulos. No primeiro capítulo, são enunciados os objectivos da presente dissertação e as suas motivações. No segundo capítulo, faz-se um apanhado de como o conceito outlier é definido pelos principais autores da especialidade assim como uma breve resenha histórica à evolução do tratamento dado a estas observações, desde Bernoulli até aos dias de hoje. O terceiro capítulo é dedicado à teoria geral de outliers, destacando-se os principais modelos e testes de discordância assim como alguns métodos de acomodação. O quarto capítulo é dedicado à análise do conceito outlier no âmbito dos modelos lineares. São referidos métodos de detecção, assim como alternativas robustas à estimação de mínimos quadrados. São ainda analisados vários pacotes estatísticos. O objectivo do quinto capítulo consiste no estudo de outliers em séries temporais. Serão classificados vários tipos de outliers. Será descrito e exem¬plificado um procedimento iterativo de detecção e estimação dos parâmetros da série proposto por Chang, Tiao e Chen (1988). Finalmente, no sexto capítulo extraem-se algumas conclusões sobre o tema.
What is an outlier and what's the outlier problem? The main purpose of this dissertation is to make the state of art about outlier's definition and how this subject is taking care in specific domain of linear models and time series besides trying to find out how statistical software treat the subject. So this dissertation is divided in six chapters. In the first chapter there is an explanation about the objectives of this dissertation, as well the motivations and importance of the subject. In the second chapter, there a review of how the major authors define the outlier concept as well as a brief historical reference to evolution of the treatment given to this observations since Bernoulli until now. The third chapter focus some aspects of the general theory of outliers, specially discordancy models and tests as well some accomodation proce¬dures. The fourth chapter regards the analysis of outlier's concept in the domain of linear models. It will be referenced some outlier's detection methods and some alternatives to least squares. They will be analysed several statistical packages. The objective of the fifth chapter is to study outliers in time series. Several types of outliers will be classified. It will be explain and illustrad a iterative procedure for outlier detection and parameter estimation develop by Chang, Tiao and Chen (1988). Finally, in the sixth chapter, some conclusions are draw.
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Sasmaz, Mary B. "Peers, Morality, and Socioeconomic Status: An Analysis of the Influence of Peer Groups on Income Tax Compliance." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1559488726376443.
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ALEXANDRE, CHRISTOPHE. "Contribution a l'etude des erreurs residuelles dans une diffusion par satellite de television numerique : modelisation, strategies de masquage et influence sur la qualite subjective des images et du son." Paris, CNAM, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995CNAM0271.
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Cette etude a pour objet d'etudier les erreurs residuelles dans une diffusion numerique par satellite de programmes de television. Elle concerne la modelisation, les strategies de masquage et l'influence sur la qualite subjective des images et du son de ces erreurs. Nous avons d'abord etudie et simule un systeme complet de transmission simplifie de bout en bout afin de modeliser les erreurs residuelles. Puis nous avons calcule et implante ces modeles pratiques dans un generateur d'injection d'erreurs logiciel simulant la diffusion. Nous nous sommes ensuite interesse aux strategies de masquage que nous avons implante dans un decodeur video. La premiere solution est utilisee par les constructeurs de codeurs mpeg-2: elle utilise un lien entre la couche systeme et le decodeur. En cas d'erreur, elle avertit le decodeur de sauter le paquet de transport errone et de se resynchroniser sur un code de debut. Dans une deuxieme solution plus originale, le decodeur analyse le train binaire quel que soit son etat et utilise des tests internes pour detecter les erreurs et se resynchroniser. Nous avons ensuite mis en place une salle de tests subjectifs. Nous avons etudie les differents protocoles de test normalises et choisi la methode a double stimulus a echelle a cinq notes de qualite. Nous avons effectue de nombreux tests afin d'estimer la precision des resultats obtenus. Nous avons finalement teste les deux decodeurs video ainsi qu'un decodeur audio mpeg couche ii. Nous avons ainsi pu determiner le seuil de perception aux erreurs et la limite de fonctionnement du decodeur complet
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Engelbrecht, Catherine. "Individual differences in the use of behavioural regulation : differentiating the influence of future-orientation and personality traits on the perception of well-being." Thesis, Abertay University, 2015. https://rke.abertay.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/c58ae6bb-48cb-4093-9bf0-e17ba6f0107a.
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Within the psychological literature two main approaches can be identified as influential factors in the increase of well-being, defined in this thesis as Hedonic (SWB) vs. Eudaimonic Well-Being (PWB). One of the key qualities of the human mind is its ability to think about and act upon the future. The first approach emphasises the role of psychological strengths related to the utilisation of foresight and planning in such a way as to influence the consequences of current actions. The second approach focuses on the function of basic personality traits in the setting of goals and mental functioning. To integrate these approaches, this thesis brings together two lines of research: future-orientation and personality traits. Two longitudinal studies investigate the predictive qualities of future-orientated constructs in relation to personality traits, while also focusing on their contribution to the setting and attainment of goals and the perception of well-being. In the first study two cognitive-motivational scales, Hope and Personal Growth Initiative (PGI), were administered to measure two hundred and sixty four participants’ future-orientation. The first aim of this study was to examine the distinctiveness of these two scales in predicting well-being. Results from factor analyses cast doubt on the uniqueness of Hope and PGI, while regression analyses demonstrate Hope to be the strongest, most significant predictor of PWB and SWB. A further aim of the study was to ascertain if future-orientation could account for additional variance in the prediction of well-being, after the influence of the Eysenck’s Personality traits have been controlled for. It was indicated that individuals’ Hope levels do account for residual variance in PWB and SWB. The last aim of the study was to determine if future-orientation could contribute to long-term goal attainment and well-being. The results indicate that participant’s Hope levels did not significantly contribute to long-term goal attainment, however it had a direct, significant effect on long-term PWB. The second study, utilising 117 participants, replicated prior findings that demonstrate Hope, instead of PGI, to be the strongest, most significant predictor of both PWB and SWB. The study also extents prior research by utilising the Big-Five traits in the prediction of PWB and SWB. Factor analyses results indicate Hope to share an underlying factor structure with Openness and Conscientiousness, while PGI share an underlying factor structure with Agreeableness. It was further indicated that participants’ Hope, but not PGI, accounts for residual variance in the prediction of PWB, after controlling for the Big-Five traits. Conversely, Hope and PGI did not account for any residual variance in the prediction of SWB, instead almost 60% of the variance can be attributed to the Big-Five personality traits. Extending the first study, the aim of the second study was to ascertain attainment through independent verification and not participant self-assessment. The results indicate that participants who demonstrate greater levels of Openness and PGI tend to set higher quantitative goals. Although not predictive of goal attainment, participants with greater Openness showed higher performance on the goals. Overall, the results question the distinctiveness of Hope and PGI in the prediction of well-being. It adds to our knowledge of how psychological strengths such as future-orientation can contribute variance to the prediction of well-being after basic personality traits have been controlled for. Finally the results also add to our understanding of how personality traits, as well as, Hope and PGI independently contribute to the setting of goals.
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Holstvoogd, Ezra. "Factors that influence the purchase intention of sustainable apparelproducts relating young consumers in the Netherlands." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Institutionen för kultur och samhälle, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-37630.
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Purpose: This research’s purpose is to test previous used factors that influence the green purchase intentions of apparel products on a not yet tested target group, young consumers in the Netherlands. The goal that goes with the purpose is to stimulate the sustainable apparel consumption in the Netherlands. Research design: To fulfill the purpose of this study, an online questionnaire has been distributed to young consumers in the Netherlands. A total of 400 valid respondents were collected through the convenience sampling- and snowball sampling method. With the valid respondents the multiple linear regression and hierarchical linear regression were conducted. Findings: The current study has found enough evidence to statistically prove that attitude, subjective norm, perceived environmental concern, a low aesthetic risk, and willingness to pay premium have a positive influence on the purchase intention. The study did not find enough evidence to statistically prove that perceived behavioral control, perceived environmental knowledge, and perceived consumer effectiveness have a positive influence on the purchase intention.
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Stachel, Richard D. "The impact of affective computing in raising awareness of Subjective Well-Being and its influence on adherence and Quality of Life| An experience among patients suffering from Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency-Associated COPD." Thesis, Robert Morris University, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10148302.
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Nearly half of all Americans are living with a chronic condition, and one in four have Multiple Chronic Conditions (MCC). Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is one such chronic disorder. Affecting 15 million Americans, COPD is the third leading cause of death in the United States, and treatment for COPD costs the healthcare system in excess of $32 billion annually. One significant factor leading to the high cost of care is non-adherence to medication and lifestyle recommendations. In an effort to keep chronic-disease sufferers healthier longer, thereby ameliorating the issue of avoidable costs, public health policy leaders, researchers, healthcare systems, and clinicians are attempting to discover ways to help individuals maintain appropriate adherence levels to medication prescriptions and lifestyle recommendations. In addition, previous research found connections between positivity and improved health and health outcomes. This study investigated one potential method of helping chronic-disease sufferers stay adherent and maintain their overall health. This research studied a mobile and on-line affective-computing tool that utilized Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) in an effort to raise the cognitive awareness of users’ subjective well-being and positivity. The study’s objective was to determine if use of this tool led to improvement in adherence, Subjective Well-Being (SWB), positivity, and overall Quality of Life (QoL). This study used an embedded mixed methods approach and involved 96 respondents diagnosed with Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency-Associated (AATD) COPD. Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency is a rare, genetic disease affecting approximately 100,000 Americans. The most significant complications for those suffering with Alpha-1 are lung or liver diseases. This study included only those diagnosed with lung disease. Participants used the affective-computing tool over a two-month period. The research measured their levels of positivity and quality of life prior to their use of the system and subsequently following it. This study also measured participants’ use of the affective-computing tool including frequency of response to push messages and response times. It then compared these variables for users who engaged with the system through email as opposed to those who participated by text messaging or Short Message Service (SMS).
Results indicated a small but insignificant increase in adherence rates, as well as improved but insignificant QoL scores between the pre and posttest periods. However, the analyses indicated a significant increase in subjective well-being scores between the two periods. They also revealed a 91.3% average compliance rate to the study push messages over the two-month period. While the research revealed faster compliance for those using text messaging, there was no significant difference in compliance rates for those answering using text messaging compared to those using email.
While the results indicated that the use of an EMA-associated system designed to raise awareness of SWB is one way of improving overall well-being and health of chronically-ill individuals, they did more significantly reveal areas of further study among other disease states, over longer study periods, and with larger sample sizes.
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Rosa, Francisco Heitor da. "Satisfação de vida, estilos parentais e personalidade em militares e universitários." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/12170.
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A influência ambiental é tida como certa no desenvolvimento humano. Contudo, alguns ambientes específicos exercem influências tardias no desenvolvimento. A psicologia militar tem se estabelecido como campo de pesquisa e atuação profissional desde a Primeira Grande Guerra, principalmente nos Estados Unidos e Europa. O ambiente militarizado, costumeiramente relacionado com a fase adulta de vida, tem sido pouco estudado no Brasil, suscitando uma lacuna importante de conhecimentos psicológicos. Neste estudo, cadetes da Academia Militar das Agulhas Negras (N=373) e universitários (N=73) responderam instrumentos psicológicos sobre bem-estar subjetivo, estilos parentais e personalidade. Para fins de análise, a amostra militar foi subdividida por diversos critérios: ter pai militar, ter estudado em Colégios Militares, ter parentes militares (que não o pai). Diferenças significativas foram encontradas entre a amostra militar e universitária e entre filhos de militares e não-filhos de militares. Filhos de pais militares apresentaram maior satisfação de vida e maior freqüência de pais e mães responsivos que outros cadetes. Ex-alunos de Colégio Militar mostraram-se mais autônomos e propensos a novas experiências, além de melhor adaptação ao meio militar. Observou-se que a pontuação na escala de Afiliação foi significativamente mais alta entre os militares, entre outras diferenças nas escalas do IFP, mas não houve diferença na Escala de Desejabilidade Socia!. Os resultados apontam a necessidade de novos estudos na área e com diferentes populações.There seems to be no doubt that the environment has an influence in human psychological development. Nevertheless, it also seems that some specific environments may have an influence in development later on life. Military Psychology was established as research and work field since World War I, mainly at United States and Europe. The military environment, usually related to the adult stage of life, has received little attention from Brazilian psychologists and little is known of its effects in our country. The present study attempts to fill this gap investigating possible psychological differences between persons who live in a military environment and those who do not have any contact with it. Participants were 373 male students at Academia Militar de Agulhas Negras (a military school for training officers for the Brazilian army) and 73 male undergraduate students who never had any contact with a military environment. The military sample was further divided into groups of students who 1) have studied in military schools, 2) have a parent serving in the armed forces, and 3) have other relatives serving in the armed forces. The participants responded to scales to assess subjective well-being, parental styles, and personality traits. The results showed significant differences between the military and the undergraduate sample and between participants who had a father serving at the armed forces and those who did not. Participants whose father was serving presented higher subjective well-being scores and perceived their father and mother as more authoritative. Those who had studied at military secondary schools presented more autonomy and were more open to new experiences. The non-military undergraduate participants tended to perceive their parents as more authoritarians. Affiliation scale score was higher to army cadets, among other significant differences, but Social Desirability scale shown no difference. The results stress the need to study the influence of military environments on psychological development in a more systematic way in Brazil.
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Laborde, Sylvain. "Slow-paced breathing and cardiac vagal activity : influence on stress regulation, sleep, and cognitive executive performance The effect of slow-paced breathing on stress management in adolescents with intellectual disability Influence of a 30-day slow paced breathing intervention compared to social media use on subjective sleep quality and cardiac vagal activity The influence of slow-paced breathing on executive function Influence of slow-paced breathing on inhibition after physical exertion." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMC044.
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Cette thèse de doctorat a pour but d'étudier l’influence de la respiration lente contrôlée sans biofeedback sur l'activité vagale cardiaque ainsi que son action sur plusieurs processus d'autorégulation, en se basant sur le modèle d'intégration neuroviscérale (Smith et al., 2017 ; Thayer et al., 2009) et sur le modèle de résonance (Lehrer & Gevirtz, 2014). Quatre études ont été menées, auprès d'adolescents ayant un handicap mental (étude 1) et de jeunes adultes sains (études 2, 3 et 4). Les effets d’interventions courtes et longues basées sur la respiration lente contrôlée ont été étudiés, et des effets positifs ont été constatés sur la gestion du stress (intervention courte, étude 1), le sommeil (intervention longue, étude 2) et les fonctions exécutives (intervention courte, études 3 et 4), mais les effets sur les fonctions exécutives n'ont pas été médiés par l’activité vagale cardiaque. Ces résultats sont encourageants en ce qui concerne l'utilisation de la respiration lente contrôlée en tant qu’intervention à court et long terme, en tant que "solution rapide" ou routine quotidienne, mais les recherches futures doivent clarifier les mécanismes sous-jacents, en particulier en utilisant des méthodes d'imagerie cérébrale. En conclusion, la respiration lente contrôlée est une technique gratuite, non invasive, simple à mettre en œuvre, et avec peu d'effets secondaires, ce qui en fait une intervention appropriée pour traiter un éventail varié de phénomènes liés à l’autorégulationThis PhD thesis was aimed to investigate the influence of slow-paced breathing (SPB) without biofeedback on CVA, as well as its action on several self-regulation processes, based on the neurovisceral integration model (Smith et al., 2017; Thayer et al., 2009) and on the resonance model (Lehrer & Gevirtz, 2014). Four studies were conducted, adolescents with individual disabilities (Study 1) and healthy young adults (Study 2, 3, & 4). Both short-term and long-term SPB interventions have been investigated, and positive effects have been found on stress management (short-term, Study 1), sleep (long-term, Study 2), and executive functions (short-term, Studies 3 and 4), however results related to executive functions were not mediated by CVA. These results are encouraging regarding the use of SPB in acute and chronic interventions, as a “quick-fix” or daily routine, however future research has to clarify the underlying mechanisms, in particular with brain imaging methods. To conclude, SPB is a technique that is free, non-invasive, easy to implement, and with little side effects, which makes it an appropriate intervention to recommend to address a large range of self-regulation phenomena
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Bae, Su Yun. "A Role for Emotion in Social Influences on Ambivalence: Emotional Intelligence and Agreement Effects on Subjective Ambivalence." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1503070076203553.
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Corney, Michael John. "Marketing health and nutrition claims : their subjective importance, attitudinal influences and cognitive representation." Thesis, Brunel University, 1997. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/7139.
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This thesis analyses the subjective importance, attitudinal influences and cognitive representation of marketing health and nutrition claims. Examining the importance of claims to choices of members of the public revealed that claims were accorded the highest subjective importance, despite low visual attention. This finding was replicated with students and staff of a Food Science department, an indication that relatively higher knowledge does not alter their perceived importance. The attitudinal influence of claim information was measured by ratings on attributes, previously generated specifically for the study, for packages shown with and without claims on computer. Packages with-claims were perceived as significantly more informative, easier to purchase and influenced participants to believe that others, whose opinion is important to them, would think that they should buy them. Data reduction of the attribute scores produced three factors; enjoyment, nutrition and surface appearance. Enjoyment was twice as important to participants' attitude to purchase than nutrition. With French participants, the results showed that the claims only influenced the perception of flavour, which was thought to be worse in the with-claims condition. There was no replication of the finding that others would be significantly more likely to think they should buy the products that displayed claims. Both population samples thought the provision of information on food labels to be highly important. The cognitive representation of claims was explored using recognition and recollection tests. The first experiments revealed that British consumers have an expectation that claims will be worded in implication form to avoid legal infringements. Food and vocabulary related knowledge differences did not alter this finding. Testing long term memory showed an increased effect with British participants, but no effect with the French owing to their lack of experience of such claims. Finally, no distinction between the meaning of the implied and asserted forms of the claims were shown in a test conducted using only British participants.
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Rogers, Amy M. "Subjective norms, attitudes, body mass indices, and self esteem as influences on women's body image behavior." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2000. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=1617.
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Wan, Chu-Jung, and 萬礎榮. "Influence of Passion On Adolescent Socail Support and Subjective Well-Being." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/66310254316091030286.
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碩士國立臺灣師範大學
運動與休閒管理研究所
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This study was based on the dualistic model of passion proposed by Vallerand et al. (2003), to explore the influence of passion toward activites on adolescent’s social support and subjective well-being. General high school students and high school baseball players were surveyed respectively during April 2010. Questionnaire included the “Passion Scale” proposed by Vallerand et al. (2003), the “Scale of Available Behaviors” proposed by Dubow and Ullman (1989), and the “Chinese Well-Being Scale” prposed by Shih (1994) and Lu (1996). According to research results came with the following conclusions. First, the idea of “passion” should be one complete integral concept. Harmonious and obsessive passion should both be considerd while examining the influenc of passion. Second, the influence of harmonious passion exceeded the one of obsessive passion. Third, harmonious passion is an important factor that affect youth social support and subjective well-being, while obsessive passion does not necessarily cause negative impact on young people. Passion and social support could effectively predict the degree of subjective well-being of young people, but for the general high school students and high school baseball players have different regression models. Last, the study also found that there is a essential difference between the passionate activities of the general students and baseball for baseball player students. This difference caused the baseball players’s participation behavior differed from the general students, and thus makes the influence of passion on social support and subjective well-being different.
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Smith, Justin Dean. "How relational views influence adolescents' subjective understanding of romantic relationship interactions." 2007. http://etd.utk.edu/2007/SmithJustin.pdf.
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Rahnev, Dobromir Asenov. "On the Conservative Influence of Attention on Subjective Perceptual Decision Making." Thesis, 2012. https://doi.org/10.7916/D82N50BK.
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Current models suggest that perception is a decision process: given noisy perceptual signals, the brain has to decide what they represent. While attention is known to enhance the perceptual signal, it has been unclear how it modulates the decision mechanism itself. Here we explored this issue in a series of studies. We used a spatial cuing paradigm to manipulate the attentional focus of observers, and found that attention leads to a conservative detection criterion such that attended stimuli are reported less often than unattended ones (Chapter 1). We investigated whether this effect would generalize to situations that do not involve detection tasks by using the same cuing paradigm, but instead asking observers to discriminate between two stimulus categories. We found that attention leads to low subjective ratings of visibility (Chapter 2). In both sets of experiments, the results were strongest when detection or discrimination capacity d' was equated between different levels of attention, or when stimuli had low contrast. To account for these results, we developed a variance reduction (VR) model of attention in which attention is postulated to reduce the variability of the perceptual signal, while keeping the decision criteria constant (Chapter 3). The VR model provided a good fit to the data observed in Chapters 1 and 2. We tested critical assumptions of the model using functional magnetic resonance imaging (Chapter 4). We found that high activity in the dorsal attention network (DAN) in the brain, which is indicative of a high attentional state, led to lower variability in the evoked signal in motion sensitive area MT+, thus supporting the idea that attention reduces perceptual variability. Further, high DAN activity resulted in lower confidence ratings, which confirmed that the findings from Chapter 2 generalize to exogenous attentional fluctuations and are not limited to spatial cuing. We tested the VR model further by extending it beyond the realm of attention (Chapter 5). We used transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to directly increase the variability of the perceptual signal. The effects mirrored the effect of lack of attention: TMS led to decreased performance but increased subjective ratings. Finally, we explored the influence of attention on the amount of information carried by one's subjective ratings. We found that attention made subjective ratings more predictive of accuracy (i.e., attention improved metacognitive sensitivity) despite the fact that it decreased the overall magnitude of the subjective ratings (Chapter 6). To account for this finding, we developed a simple extension to the VR model - the "variance and criterion jitter reduction" (VCJR) model of attention which postulates that attention reduces the amount of trial-to-trial criterion jitter. Computational modeling shows that this reduction of criterion jitter leads to improved metacognitive sensitivity. We discuss these findings in relation to current debates related to attention and subjective perception, and speculate how they may account for our impression that we clearly see everything in our visual fields, including unattended objects that receive little processing.
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YU, JIUNN-MING, and 尤俊明. "Subjective or Objective? The Influence of Comparative Advertising Appeals on Advertising Effects." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/ebtkz7.
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碩士國立高雄應用科技大學
國際企業系碩士在職專班
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The main purpose of this study is to understand how product advertising appeals and advertising message presentation affect advertising effectiveness. (e.g.,advertising attitudes and purchase intention.) This study conducted a 2 (product advertising appeals: healthy appeal vs. delicious appeal) x 2 (advertising message presentation: subjective vs. objective) between subject experimental design. Totally 4 advertisements were designed to examine the interaction effects of product advertising appeals and advertising message presentation on advertising effectiveness. The results show that the advertisement is more effective when health appeal advertisement matches with objective message and when delicious appeal advertisement matches with subjective message. This study provides a marketing strategies that food manufacturers, sales, advertisers and marketers could enhance the advertising effect by appropriate match product advertising appeals with advertising message presentation.