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1
ill, Mackenzie Laurie, and McCall Lynda ill, eds. Influencing horse behavior: A natural approach to training. Loveland, Colo: Alpine, 1988.
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2
Elliott, Maggie. Factors influencing transactional analysis trainees in adopting this approach to psychotherapy. [Guildford]: [University of Surrey], 1989.
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3
Smith, Tracey Jayne. Factors influencing the development of a relationship marketing approach within marketing channels. (s.l: The Author), 1993.
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4
Maryland. Dept. of Human Resources. Fact pack: An integrated approach for influencing social and economic policy in Maryland. [Baltimore, MD]: The Department, 1996.
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5
Maryland. Dept. of Human Resources. Fact pack: An integrated approach for influencing social and economic policy in Maryland. [Baltimore, MD]: The Department, 2001.
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6
Chernikovskaya, Marina, and Igor Chyemyezov. Change Management. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/18430.
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The nature, the reasons, regularities, conditions and mechanisms of carrying out changes in the organizations are considered. Theoretical bases of professional and effective management of organizational changes are reflected: the objective regularities of changes in the organizations which are shown during their development; main objects and objects of changes in the organizations; value of the organizational context influencing the choice of technologies of management of changes and nature of development of changes; options and sequence of implementation of the operated changes in the organization; variety of possible technologies of management of changes;
approaches to the choice of strategy of implementation of changes and strategy; the main obstacles in implementation of changes; effective remedies and technology of overcoming of resistance to changes; stages of carrying out reengineering of business processes; introduction of quality systems in the Russian companies.
The textbook is intended for use when training bachelors in the Management direction 38.03.02, and also for all interested by problems of management of changes in the organizations.
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Tellington-Jones, Linda. Getting in TTouch with your puppy: A gentle approach to training and influencing behavior. North Pomfret, VT: Trafalgar Square Books, 2007.
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8
Taft, Lois B. DEMENTIA CARE: INTERVENTIONS AND FACTORS INFLUENCING CAREGIVING APPROACHES. 1994.
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9
Cheville, Andrea L., and Jeffrey R. Basford. Rehabilitation medicine approaches to pain management. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199656097.003.0910.
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Pain is a frequent but poorly controlled aspect of cancer and other medical conditions which may, in part, stem from the clinician’s lack of understanding of its severity or impact. However, even with the best of care, current approaches are associated with poorly tolerated side effects and frequently fall far short of complete control. Rehabilitation medicine has developed strategies that may reduce pain in general, but are particularly targeted to movement-related pain. These approaches can be grouped into four general categories: (1) modulating nociception, (2) stabilizing and unloading painful musculoskeletal structures, (3) influencing pain perception, and (4) alleviating musculotendinous pain. This chapter reviews each of these categories in detail and offers examples to illustrate their clinical application. It will be noted that the majority are focused on minimizing pain during periods of mobility and the performance of activities of daily living.
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Van Dam, Nicholas T., Brian M. Iacoviello, and James W. Murrough. Diagnosis and Epidemiology of Depression. Edited by Dennis S. Charney, Eric J. Nestler, Pamela Sklar, and Joseph D. Buxbaum. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190681425.003.0023.
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Depressive disorders are among the most disabling medical illnesses worldwide and limited efficacy of currently available medication and psychotherapy treatments adds to this large public health burden. In the current chapter, we consider findings from several large-scale health surveys to estimate the burden of illness, and review the current data available regarding prognosis, psychiatric and medical comorbidities, and socio-demographic factors influencing the prevalence and course of depression. We also consider emerging alternative methods of conceptualizing depression and other mental disorders that emphasize a dimensional rather than categorical approach. Increasing attention to such approaches in the design of psychiatric research related to depression may lead to an improved understanding of depression and more effective treatments.
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French, Jeff. Social marketing and public health strategy. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198717690.003.0005.
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This chapter explores how social marketing can be used to add value when developing a public health intervention that is designed to influence attitudes and behaviour. It examines the difference between how social marketing can add value to policy selection, strategy development, and operational social marketing programme delivery. The chapter explores the challenges of influencing public health policy and approaches to using social marketing principles to inform public health policy and strategy development. The advantages of developing a strategic approach to the application of social marketing are also covered, including a description of what constitutes the application of a strategic social marketing approach and how it can be analysed and evaluated. The implications for project and programme delivery, including the need for vertical and horizontal integration, are also examined.
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Drouin-Ouellet, Janelle, and Roger A. Barker. Disease-Modifying Therapies in Neurodegenerative Disorders. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190233563.003.0016.
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The recent identification of the genetic basis of many neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs), coupled with a greater understanding of their pathophysiology, has enabled better therapeutic strategies to be identified and tried. This includes approaches that target critical specific nodes in the disease pathways, for example, agents that modulate levels of mutant huntingtin in Huntington’s disease. In addition to these highly specific targeted therapies, there is also a growing realization that more generic lifestyle therapies influencing whole brain health may also have merit in treating these conditions-such as diet and exercise. This chapter explores the different approaches and agents used to try to modify the course of a range of NDDs, and highlights their progress relative to the clinic and the patients suffering with these currently incurable conditions.
13
Books, HMSO. Factors Influencing the Implementation of the Care Programme Approach. Bernan Press, 1993.
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14
Otto, James M. The Taxation of Extractive Industries. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198817369.003.0014.
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The emphasis of this chapter is on how mines are taxed, not on how tax revenues should be used. However, it is noted that one of the influencing factors that drives fiscal system policy evolution is the issue of whether subnational governments should have additional taxing power or be given special revenue dispensation. It is the author’s experience that devolving additional tax power to subnational governments is often not possible because of constitutional constraints or because central authorities wish to maintain control. The chapter provides an introduction to the various taxation approaches applied to the mining sector and it includes a description of the principal tax types and investment tax incentives. The author concludes that when devising mineral sector fiscal systems governments should carefully assess their fiscal options using a holistic approach that anticipates commodity price cycles, and that mining companies should anticipate fiscal system changes.
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French, Jeff. Behaviour and how to influence it. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198717690.003.0006.
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This chapter focuses on the development of a more systematic approach to social behaviour change (Michie et al,2011) and the examination of a growing body of research in the public health world (CDC, 2000) that goes beyond just communication- and enforcement-based approaches to influencing health behaviour (McQuail, 2009; Rothschild, 1999). This understanding has been developing rapidly over recent years (NICE, 2007; 2014). Intervention organizing and planning systems such as social marketing (French et al., 2010), co-creation (Cottam and Leadbeater, 2004), and community engagement (Hills, 2004) are examples of how this new science is being operationalized in social policy delivery. This development, along with more general improvement in social policy implementation (Public Administration Select Committee, 2009), planning, and review (Australian Public Service Commission, 2007) has resulted in a growing consensus about how to establish, deliver, and evaluate more successful behavioural interventions focused on social good.
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Dunphy, Kim. Theorizing Arts Participation as a Social Change Mechanism. Edited by Brydie-Leigh Bartleet and Lee Higgins. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190219505.013.16.
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This chapter analyses theories about how social change can be effected through participation in the arts. A theory of change lens applied to the literature results in identification of three broad types of change processes: social/civic action, in which the major change strategy is influencing of public opinion and decision-making through arts activities; the community cultural development approach in which change occurs at a community level, as a result of creative social interaction between arts participants; and finally, the therapeutic paradigm, in which change is elicited in individuals through the healing process of arts used therapeutically. These approaches are examined in relation to broader theories of participation, and Vygotsky’s social development theory, resulting in a meta-theory about factors that lead to change through arts participation: the contribution of a skilled leader, the utilization and stimulation of creativity, and a collaborative process. Case studies of community music initiatives illustrate the theory.
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Stowell, Janet, and Ronan Breen. Pulmonary disease caused by non-tuberculous mycobacteria. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199657742.003.0014.
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This chapter describes a case of Mycobacterium malmoense in a male ex-smoker with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The approaches to a diagnosis of pulmonary non-tuberculous mycobacterial disease are discussed, including key laboratory features and associated radiological changes. The factors influencing the decision to treat and treatment regimen selected are reviewed, along with evidence from landmark trials regarding drug combinations and the role of surgery in managing non-tuberculous mycobacterial disease. This case was complicated by a secondary diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis, and the challenges of treating non-tuberculous mycobacteria and Aspergillus concurrently are highlighted. Non-tuberculous mycobacterial infection in HIV-positive patients can behave differently to non-tuberculous mycobacterial disease in immunocompetent individuals. Restoring immunocompetence is key to the success of non-tuberculous mycobacterial treatment in these individuals, but beware Mycobacterium avium complex-related immune restoration inflammatory syndrome.
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Ali, Ased, and Rob Pickard. Infection of the lower urinary tract. Edited by Neil Sheerin. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0176_update_001.
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Lower urinary tract infection is common, distressing, and when recurrent can have a significant impact on quality of life. The normally sterile urinary tract is the site of an ongoing but complex interplay between an evolving pathogen and a highly developed host immune defence system. The development of an active infection generally requires either greater virulence in the pathogen or deficient host immune defence. Nonetheless, even where infection has occurred, the interplay between pathogen and host continues, influencing the extent and level of invasion as well as the duration of infection and extent of tissue damage caused.Asymptomatic bacteriuria is discussed, with implications for treatment (usually not). The risk factors, diagnosis and management of simple cystitis are discussed, with a discussion of approaches to managing recurrent infections. Urethritis requires consideration of sexually transmitted infections and co-infections. Prostatitis requires more prolonged antibiotic treatment.
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Barbera, Filippo, and Ian Jones, eds. The Foundational Economy and Citizenship. Policy Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447353355.001.0001.
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The Foundational Economy encompasses those goods and services, together with the economic and social relationships that underpin them, that provide the everyday infrastructure of civilized life. Policies that promote commodification, privatization and financialisation have incorporated many of these goods and services within market logics, with profound and damaging impacts on the daily lives of citizens. This edited collection extends theoretical and empirical work on the Foundational Economy to explore its relevance to the civil sphere and to civil repair. Our aim is to advance foundational thinking in three key areas. First, we set out detailed evidence on the impact of growth based and financialised solutions on local democracy, citizenship and civil society and explore alternative approaches to citizenship and social justice that are rooted in the Foundational Economy. Second, we provide, for the first time, important comparative perspectives on the development of foundational thinking. And third we document detailed and critical case studies in core areas of economic and social life. Addressing a range of substantive areas of concern, individual chapters use case studies at different national and regional levels to illustrate the arguments being developed. This unique collection demonstrates that there is clear evidence that The Foundational Economy is already influencing policy making at devolved nation and city region scales and is having international reach. In contrast to exclusively ‘bottom-up’ approaches however, we maintain that a Foundational Economy approach requires us to address the key institutions of our societies and the role of public action in those institutions.
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Edwards, Nancy C., Barbara L. Riley, and Cameron D. Willis. Scaling-Up Cancer Control Innovations. Edited by David A. Chambers, Wynne E. Norton, and Cynthia A. Vinson. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190647421.003.0035.
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This chapter examines characteristics of and approaches to scaling-up innovations and programs, with illustrations from the field of cancer control. It summarizes definitions of scale-up, emphasizing the introduction of innovations with demonstrated effectiveness and the aims of scale-up: improving coverage and equitable access to the innovation(s) and its intended benefits. The chapter proposes a typology to help guide scaling-up activities. The typology includes five dimensions: the object of scale-up, how this object may be adapted, horizontal and vertical directions for scale-up, linear and nonlinear pathways for scale-up, and factors influencing scale-up. Featuring examples of tobacco control and human papillomavirus vaccination, the typology is applied and key scaling-up actions are described, including media campaigns, engaging key stakeholders, mobilizing political support, and investing in a monitoring and evaluation system. Systemic challenges to scale-up are discussed. Future priorities for research on scaling up cancer control initiatives are proposed.
21
Pouezevara, Sarah, ed. Cultivating Dynamic Educators: Case Studies in Teacher Behavior Change in Africa and Asia. RTI Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2018.bk.0022.1809.
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Cultivating Dynamic Educators: Case Studies in Teacher Behavior Change in Africa and Asia responds to growing recognition by international education professionals, policy makers, and funding partners of the need for qualified teachers and interest in the subject of teacher professional development (also referred to as “teacher behavior change”). The book responds to important questions that are fundamental to improving teaching quality by influencing teaching practice. These questions include: How do we provide high-quality training at scale? How do we ensure that training transfers to change in practice? What methods are most cost-effective? How do we know what works? The book includes case studies describing different approaches to teacher behavior change and illustrates how specific implementation choices were made for each context. Individual chapters document lessons learned as well as methodologies used for discerning lessons. The key conclusion is that no single effort is enough on its own; teacher behavior change requires a system-wide view and concerted, coordinated inputs from a range of stakeholders.
22
Association, Local Government, ed. A modern approach to private housing: Influencing the housing green paper : LGA discussion paper. London: Local Government Association Publications, 1999.
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23
Getting In Ttouch With Your Dog A Gentle Approach To Influencing Behavior Health And Performance. Trafalgar Square Publishing, 2012.
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24
Foster, Roxie Larae Romness. A MULTIMETHOD APPROACH TO THE DESCRIPTION OF FACTORS INFLUENCING NURSES' PHARMACOLOGIC MANAGEMENT OF CHILDREN'S PAIN. 1990.
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25
Linda-Tellington-Jones. Getting in TTouch with Your Dog: A Gentle Approach to Influencing Behaviour, Health and Performance. QUILLER PRESS, 2013.
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26
Bichet, Daniel G. Approach to the patient with polyuria. Edited by Robert Unwin. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0032.
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In a polyuric patient, first exclude osmotic diuresis, then differentiate between primary polydipsia, central, and nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, with clinical characteristics, simple blood and urine tests, and hypothalamic magnetic resonance imaging. Mammals are osmoregulators and osmolality is perceived by central and peripheral osmotic receptors and influencing thirst perception and vasopressin secretion. In congenital polyuric states it is useful to distinguish ‘pure’ polyuric states, that is, loss of water only but normal conservation of sodium, potassium, chloride, and calcium, from complex (water + sodium + calcium) polyuric states. For the latter, the triad polyuria/polyhydramnios/prematurity is a tell-tale sign of Bartter syndrome. We recommend sequencing of the nephrogenic diabetes insipidus and Bartter genes in all the affected congenital and hereditary polyuric patients. Acquired central and nephrogenic polyuric states are simpler to evaluate.
27
Redding, Gordon, Antony Drew, and Stephen Crump, eds. The Oxford Handbook of Higher Education Systems and University Management. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198822905.001.0001.
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The world’s systems of higher education (HE) are caught up in the fourth industrial revolution of the twenty-first century. Driven by increased globalization, demographic expansion in demand for education, new information and communications technology, and changing cost structures influencing societal expectations and control, higher education systems across the globe are adapting to the pressures of this new industrial environment. To make sense of the complex changes in the practices and structures of higher education, this Handbook sets out a theoretical framework to explain what higher education systems are, how they may be compared over time, and why comparisons are important in terms of societal progress in an increasingly interconnected world. Drawing on insights from over 40 leading international scholars and practitioners, the chapters examine the main challenges facing institutions of Higher Educations, how they should be managed in changing conditions, and the societal implications of different approaches to change. Structured around the premise that higher education plays a significant role in ensuring that a society achieves the capacity to adjust itself to change, while at the same time remaining cohesive as a social system, this Handbook explores how current internal and external forces disturb this balance, and how institutions of Higher Education could, and might, respond.
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Busch, Steven, and Julie Fernandez. Influencing High Student Achievement Through School Culture and Climate: A Quantitative Approach to Organizational Health-Based Leadership. Taylor & Francis Group, 2018.
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29
Tellington-Jones, Linda. Getting in TTouch with Your Puppy: A Gentle Approach to Training and Influencing Behavior (Getting in TTouch With...). Trafalgar Square Books, 2007.
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30
Holliday, Kate L., Wendy Thomson, and John McBeth. Genetics of chronic musculoskeletal pain. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642489.003.0045.
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Chronic pain disorders are prevalent and a large burden on health care resources. Around 10% of the general population report chronic widespread pain, which is the defining feature of fibromyalgia. Fibromyalgia is a poorly understood idiopathic disorder which is also characterized by widespread tenderness and commonly occurs with comorbid mood disorders, fatigue, sleep disturbance, and cognitive dysfunction. A role for genetics in chronic pain disorders has been identified by twin studies, with heritability estimates of around 50%. Susceptibility genes for chronic pain are likely to be involved in pain processing or the psychological component of these disorders. A number of genes have been implicated in influencing how pain is perceived due to mutations causing monogenic pain disorders or an insensitivity to pain from birth. The role of common variation, however, is less well known. The findings from human candidate gene studies of musculoskeletal pain to date are discussed. However, the scope of these studies has been relatively limited in comparison to other complex conditions. Identifying susceptibility loci will help to determine the biological mechanisms involved and potentially new therapeutic targets; however, this is a challenging research area due to the subjective nature of pain and heterogeneity in the phenotype. Using more quantitative phenotypes such as experimental pain measures may prove to be a more fruitful strategy to identify susceptibility loci. Findings from these studies and other potential approaches are discussed.
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Holliday, Kate L., Wendy Thomson, John McBeth, and Nisha Nair. Genetics of chronic musculoskeletal pain. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642489.003.0045_update_001.
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Chronic pain disorders are prevalent and a large burden on health care resources. Around 10% of the general population report chronic widespread pain, which is the defining feature of fibromyalgia. Fibromyalgia is a poorly understood idiopathic disorder which is also characterized by widespread tenderness and commonly occurs with comorbid mood disorders, fatigue, sleep disturbance, and cognitive dysfunction. A role for genetics in chronic pain disorders has been identified by twin studies, with heritability estimates of around 50%. Susceptibility genes for chronic pain are likely to be involved in pain processing or the psychological component of these disorders. A number of genes have been implicated in influencing how pain is perceived due to mutations causing monogenic pain disorders or an insensitivity to pain from birth. The role of common variation, however, is less well known. The findings from human candidate gene studies of musculoskeletal pain to date are discussed. However, the scope of these studies has been relatively limited in comparison to other complex conditions. Identifying susceptibility loci will help to determine the biological mechanisms involved and potentially new therapeutic targets; however, this is a challenging research area due to the subjective nature of pain and heterogeneity in the phenotype. Using more quantitative phenotypes such as experimental pain measures may prove to be a more fruitful strategy to identify susceptibility loci. Findings from these studies and other potential approaches are discussed.
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Michael, Steinfeldt, ed. Nanotechnologies, hazards, and resource efficiency: A three-tiered approach to assessing the implications of nanotechnology and influencing its development. Berlin: Springer, 2007.
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Haum, Rüdiger, Ulrich Petschow, Michael Steinfeldt, and Arnim Gleich. Nanotechnologies, Hazards and Resource Efficiency: A Three-Tiered Approach to Assessing the Implications of Nanotechnology and Influencing its Development. Springer, 2010.
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34
Bolt, Paul J., and Sharyl N. Cross. China, Russia, and Twenty-First Century Global Geopolitics. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198719519.001.0001.
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This book provides a comprehensive analysis of the Chinese–Russian bilateral relationship, grounded in a historical perspective, and discusses the implications of the partnership between these two major powers for world order and global geopolitics. The volume compares the national worldviews, priorities, and strategic visions for the Chinese and Russian leadership, examining several aspects of the relationship in detail. The energy trade is the most important component of economic ties, although both sides desire to broaden trade and investments. In the military realm, Russia sells advanced arms to China, and the two countries engage in regular joint exercises. Diplomatically, these two Eurasian powers take similar approaches to conflicts in Ukraine and Syria, and also cooperate on non-traditional security issues, including preventing colored revolutions, cyber management, and terrorism. These issue areas illustrate four themes. Russia and China have common interests that cement their partnership, including security, protecting authoritarian institutions, and reshaping aspects of the global order. They are key players challenging the United States and the Western liberal order, influencing not only regional issues, but also international norms and institutions. Nevertheless, Western nations remain important for China and Russia. Both seek better relations with the West, but on the basis of “mutual respect” and “equality.” Lastly, Russia and China have frictions in their relationship, and not all of their interests overlap. While the relationship has grown, particularly since 2014, China and Russia are partners but not allies.
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Deaville, James, Siu-Lan Tan, and Ron Rodman, eds. The Oxford Handbook of Music and Advertising. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190691240.001.0001.
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The Oxford Handbook of Music and Advertising assembles an array of forty-two pathbreaking chapters on the production, texts, and reception of advertising through music. Uniquely interdisciplinary, the collection’s tripartite structure leads the reader through these stages in the communication of the advertising message as presented by Chris Wharton (2015). The chapters on production study the factors, activities, and people behind the music for the marketing pitch, both past and present. Prominent throughlines in the section include factors influencing the selection of music (and musicians) for advertising, the role of music in corporate branding strategies, the creative forces behind the soundscape of advertising, and industry practices that undergird all aspects of music in commercial contexts. The section on Text focuses on analytic and historical approaches to ads in various media, and includes commentaries on musical genres in ads ranging from Western European art music to American popular genre. Also covered in this section is ad music as used in different ad genres, such as political ads, public service announcements, and television commercials. The analyses used in this section draws from traditional music theory, semiotics, and hermeneutic analysis. Finally, the last section addressing “Reception”—with contributions by researchers in psychology, marketing, and other fields—involves the formulation of models and theories, and implementation of research methods to examine how the presence of music may influence peoples’ attitudes, emotions, thoughts, and behaviors in the context of advertisements and within service environments such as stores, restaurants, and banks. The editors and chapter contributors of this book bring a diversity of perspectives to the topic but share a united aim: to illuminate music’s vital contribution to the advertising message.
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Krochmal, Robert. Nutritional Support and Addiction. Edited by Shahla J. Modir and George E. Muñoz. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190275334.003.0017.
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Nutrition occupies a central position in the treatment of SUDs. Given the paradox that food can have apparently opposing effects in either causing addiction or in influencing its remedy, it is important to clarify this difference. Evidence is mounting that diseases such as obesity, heart disease, diabetes, and mental health disorders including addiction have a common root cause related to the increase in sugar and processed food consumption rather than fat consumption as has been commonly held. In addition to new integrative approach models encompassing a holistic perspective, new developments in genetics and epigenetics as well as the human microbiome and gut-brain health provide further evidence of the mechanisms by which a healthy approach to nutrition can change outcomes. Building upon the neurobiological theory of addiction and reward deficiency, these breakthroughs lead to new hope for a successful approach to recovery.
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Rapoport, Anatol, P. Laconte, and J. E. Gibson. Human and Energy Factors in Urban Planning : A Systems Approach: Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on “Factors Influencing Urban Design” ... July 2–13, 1979. Springer, 2011.
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38
Payne, Cymie R. Developments in the Law of Environmental Reparations. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198784630.003.0015.
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The United Nations Compensation Commission (‘UNCC’) is a unique model for liability and compensation of environmental damage in an international context, influencing both jus in bello and jus post bellum. The UNCC provided a legal process that catalogued, assessed, and awarded money to pay to clean and repair the damaged soil, water, coastal ecosystems, and other harms resulting from the 1990–1 Gulf War. Its contributions include integration of environmental law principles into the reparations process; use of advanced techniques for assessment of environmental damage; and use of a multilateral process in a way that balanced confidentiality and transparency. The UNCC environmental programme, viewed as an innovative approach to justice after war, highlights the contribution that the environmental integrity norm can make.
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Covey, Alan, and Sonia Alconini. Conclusions. Edited by Sonia Alconini and Alan Covey. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190219352.013.57.
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This chapter is an editorial conclusion to Part 6, building on ideas that appeared in chapters on Inca aesthetics and the production of art and craft goods. The concluding chapter draws attention to the ways that Inca media and technology diverged from European value systems, and the ways that those differences led to biased interpretations of Andean cultural achievements. Questions of Inca civilization were central to the discourse of Spanish imperial expansion in the Andes, influencing written accounts intended to denigrate or defend the Inca legacy. Spanish writers did not appreciate the value of Inca craft production, nor did they fully comprehend the ways that Inca people preserved and deployed historical knowledge, technology, and cosmology. Modern scholars continue to wrestle with the expectations of colonial authors as they seek a more complete reconstruction of a distinctively Inca approach to the arts and sciences.
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Besharov, Marya L., and Shelley L. Brickson. Organizational Identity and Institutional Forces. Edited by Michael G. Pratt, Majken Schultz, Blake E. Ashforth, and Davide Ravasi. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199689576.013.2.
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The existing literature offers divergent perspectives on the intersection between organizational identity (OI) and institutional forces. Some studies suggest that OI is socially constructed by organizational members, while others describe OI as highly constrained by institutional forces. Still others imply that OI serves as a filter influencing how members interpret institutional forces. We review and strive to integrate these varied perspectives. To do so, we distinguish between the content and structure of both OI and institutional forces. We suggest that the degree to which the content of institutional forces influences the content of OI resides along a continuum between institutional constraint and member agency. Further, we suggest that structural features of OI and institutional forces may act as filters that influence where along this continuum OI construction falls. Beyond integrating existing literature, this approach opens up new directions for research at the intersection of OI and institutional theory.
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Franckx, Erik, and Marco Benatar. Non-Participation in Compulsory Procedures of Dispute Settlement. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198816423.003.0010.
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Erik Franckx and Marco Benatar consider the peculiar backlash in the form of states rejecting the jurisdiction of international courts and tribunals (ICs). They discuss how the People’s Republic of China (PRC) rejected jurisdiction in the Philippines v PRC arbitration. The authors draw comparisons with how the Russian Federation rejected the jurisdiction of an arbitration panel in the Arctic Sunrise case. But both states participated in the peculiar form of forwarding ‘position papers’. This allows states new modes of influencing the bench without formally participating in the proceedings, argues Franckx and Benatar. This may tempt other states to apply a similar approach. For example, Croatia has presented its views to an arbitration panel in a dispute with Slovenia, despite its non-participation after irregularities by one of the arbitrators. The PRC and the Russian Federation have also issued a joint declaration encouraging non-participation in international legal proceedings.
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French, Jeff. Social marketing planning. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198717690.003.0003.
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There is a lack of systematic planning in many public programmes, despite the existence of a number of well-designed and tested systematic planning models. One of the defining features of social marketing is the application of systematic and transparent planning to achieve defined and measurable social objectives. When planning social marketing interventions aimed at influencing behaviour, behavioural theories and models should have a central role in informing the intervention’s design and evaluation. However, an equally important factor in the delivery of an intervention is the application of a logical and documented planning approach in order to produce learning about what worked well and what did not. Systematic planning processes are key to understanding not only which elements of a social marketing programme are most successful but also which are most efficient. A focus on systematic planning is a valuable way to ensure that programme implementation weaknesses are addressed and mitigated.
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Human and Energy Factors in Urban Planning : A Systems Approach: Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on "Factors Influencing Urban Design" Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium, July 2-13, 1979. Springer, 2011.
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44
Walsh, Bruce, and Michael Lynch. Associative Effects: Competition, Social Interactions, Group and Kin Selection. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198830870.003.0022.
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The phenotypes of those individuals with which an focal individual interacts often influences the trait value in the focal individual. Maternal effects is a classic example of this phenomena, as is fitness. If these traits are heritable, then the selection response depends on both the change in the direct effects influencing a target trait and the associative effects contributed by interacting individuals. In such a setting, the breeder's equation no longer holds, as the problem is now a multiple trait one. This chapter examines the theory of response under models with both direct and associative effects, which can lead to a reversed response (a trait selected to increase instead decreases). The evolution of behavioral traits, including the evolution of altruism, is best handled using this approach. Further, kin and group selection follow as special cases of the gerenal model under multilevel selection. This chapter also examines how mixed models can be used estimate model parameters.
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Kohler, Racquel E., Shoba Ramanadhan, and K. Viswanath. Implementing Evidence-Based Media Engagement Practices to Address Cancer Disparities. Edited by David A. Chambers, Wynne E. Norton, and Cynthia A. Vinson. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190647421.003.0011.
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Public knowledge and understanding of health disparities is critical to generate support for programs and policies that address social determinants of health (SDH). Yet, public programs and policies are little informed by evidence or the link between SDH and health outcomes. This case study, using community-based participatory research principles, draws from the evidence of SDH and communication sciences. We describe Project IMPACT, an intervention to build capacity among community-based organizations (CBOs) to engage with media strategically, with the goal of influencing the information environment. The case offers an example of implementation science supporting an evidence-based approach, rather than a specific program or practice. We report how IMPACT leveraged the role community partners play in legitimizing issues so SDH and disparities are part of the public agenda. We assessed how strategic media engagement practices were implemented with the ultimate goal of changing public understanding of SDH and disparities to support SDH-related policies.
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Brown, David. Ethnicity, Nationalism, and Migration in Southeast Asia. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.013.388.
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In southeast Asia, ethnic tensions and conflicts stem in large part from economic or power rivalries rather than cultural differences. The political relationships between ethnic identities and nation-state identities in southeast Asia can be analyzed based on three different frameworks, each offering important insights into the region’s complexities and variations. The first is the plural society approach, which points to cultural pluralism as the source of political tensions in southeast Asia. The implication of this view is that ethnic violence will tend to take the form of rioting between people of different cultures as they compete for state resources or power. The second framework is a state legitimacy approach, which argues that the national identity strategies adopted by the state elites are the key factor influencing the structure of ethnic politics. In this context, the strategy of state legitimation is employed to promote the migration of highland ethnic minorities out of their ancestral homeland areas so as to facilitate their economic development, but also their assimilation into the ethnic core. The third framework is a globalized disruption approach, which suggests that globalization has three negative impacts relating to economic disparities, the problematical politics of democratization, and fears of international or domestic terrorism. It can be said that the politics of ethnicity and nationalism in southeast Asia arises from the enhanced appeal of ethnic and national stereotypes for people experiencing diverse insecurities, giving rise to inter-ethnic distrust as well as intra-ethnic factionalism.
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Barmash, Pamela. The Laws of Hammurabi. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197525401.001.0001.
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The Laws of Hammurabi is one of the earliest law codes, dating from the eighteenth century BCE Mesopotamia (ancient Iraq). It is the culmination of a tradition in which scribes would demonstrate their legal flair by composing statutes on a repertoire of traditional cases, articulating what they deemed just and fair. The book describes how the scribe of the Laws of Hammurabi advanced beyond earlier scribes in composing statutes that manifest systematization and implicit legal principles. The scribe inserted the statutes into the structure of a royal inscription, skillfully reshaping the genre. This approach allowed the king to use the law code to demonstrate that Hammurabi had fulfilled the mandate to guarantee justice enjoined upon him by the gods, affirming his authority as king. This tradition of scribal improvisation on a set of traditional cases continued outside of Mesopotamia, influencing biblical law and the law of the Hittite Empire and perhaps shaping Greek and Roman law. The Laws of Hammurabi is also a witness to the start of another stream of intellectual tradition. It became a classic text and the subject of formal commentaries, marking a Copernican revolution in intellectual culture.
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Nakai, You. Reminded by the Instruments. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190686765.001.0001.
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David Tudor (1926–1996) is remembered today in two guises: as an extraordinary pianist of postwar avant-garde music who worked closely with composers like John Cage and Karlheinz Stockhausen, influencing the development of graphic notation and indeterminacy; and as a spirited pioneer of live-electronic music who realized idiosyncratic performances based on the interaction of homemade modular instruments, inspiring an entire generation of musicians. However, the fact that Tudor himself did not talk or write much about what he was doing, combined with the esoteric nature of electronic circuits and schematics (for musicologists), has prevented any comprehensive approach to the entirety of his output which actually began with the organ and ended in visual art. As a result, Tudor has remained a puzzle of sorts in spite of his profound influence—perhaps a pertinent status for a figure who was known for his deep love of puzzles. This book sets out to solve the puzzle of David Tudor as a puzzle that David Tudor made, applying Tudor’s own methods for approaching other people’s materials to the unusually large number of materials that he himself left behind. Patching together instruments, circuits, sketches, notes, diagrams, recordings, receipts, letters, custom declaration forms, testimonies, and recollections like modular pieces of a giant puzzle, the narrative skips over the misleading binary of performer/composer to present a lively portrait of Tudor as a multi-instrumentalist who always realized his music from the nature of specific instruments.
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Yusof, Ab Aziz. The human side of human resource management. UUM Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32890/9789670474922.
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Human resource is the most valuable asset in an organization as it is managed, operated and run by them.The progress, survival and success of the organization is totally depends on the capabilities and the competitiveness of their HR especially in the era of critical and drastic change.As a result, HR manager has to face a more competitive, uncertain and complex HR expectations, needs and wants in a turbulent business environment.Therefore, his ability in managing HR is becoming more crucial to the success and the survival of the organisation. As HR manager is the key player in running the organisation, it is important for him to ensure a holistic and comprehensive approach, by putting in balance both the human side which is considered as soft HRM and the technical side which is considered as hard HRM, need to be simultaneously taken into consideration.Therefore, managing the human side of human resourceculture, symbols, diversity, humour, emotional intelligence, justice, forgiveness, and spiritualityis believed to be far more complicated than managing the technical side of it. The human side of human resource management treats employees as partners and a source of competitive advantage through their commitment, trust, job satisfaction, loyalty and collaboration.Furthermore, HR is viewed as a proactive rather than passive inputs in executing the task and responsibility.The managers ability in managing the human side of human resource strategically is equally important as managing the technical side as both play significant role in influencing the bottom line of the organisation through their symbiotic relationship.
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Foot, Rosemary. China, the UN, and Human Protection. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198843733.001.0001.
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Over a relatively short period of time, Beijing moved from passive involvement with the UN to active engagement. How are we to make sense of the People’s Republic of China’s (PRC) embrace of the UN, and what does its engagement mean in larger terms? Is it a ‘supporter’ that takes its fair share of responsibilities, or a ‘spoiler’ that seeks to transform the UN’s contribution to world order? Certainly, it is difficult to label it a ‘shirker’ in the last decade or more, given Beijing’s apparent appreciation of the UN, its provision of public goods to the organization, and its stated desire to offer ‘Chinese wisdom and a Chinese approach to solving the problems facing mankind’. This study traces questions such as these, interrogating the value of such categorization through direct focus on Beijing’s involvement in one of the most contentious areas of UN activity—human protection—contentious because the norm of human protection tips the balance away from the UN’s Westphalian state-based profile, towards the provision of greater protection for the security of individuals and their individual liberties. The argument that follows shows that, as an ever-more crucial actor within the United Nations, Beijing’s rhetoric and some of its practices are playing an increasingly important role in determining how this norm is articulated and interpreted. In some cases, the PRC is also influencing how these ideas of human protection are implemented. At stake in the questions this book tackles is both how we understand the PRC as a participant in shaping global order, and the future of some of the core norms that constitute global order.