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Journal articles on the topic 'Influenza, Human, therapy'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 28 July 2025

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1

Takemasa, A., N. Yorioka, and M. Yamakido. "Investigation of the Influenza-Like Symptoms Associated with Recombinant Human Erythropoietin Therapy." Journal of International Medical Research 25, no. 3 (1997): 127–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030006059702500302.

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The mechanism by which fever and influenza-like symptoms occur, after the administration of recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) to patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis, was investigated. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells, obtained from two patients with fever and/or influenza-like symptoms related to the administration of rHuEPO for the treatment of anaemia were cultured with or without rHuEPO (100, 200, and 300 U/ml). Production of interleukin-1 β and tumour necrosis factor-α was higher in cultures with rHuEPO than in cultures without rHuEPO, although the dose relation

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2

Perelson, Alan S., Libin Rong, and Frederick G. Hayden. "Combination Antiviral Therapy for Influenza: Predictions From Modeling of Human Infections." Journal of Infectious Diseases 205, no. 11 (2012): 1642–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jis265.

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3

Lye, David CB, Brenda SP Ang, and Yee-Sin Leo. "Review of Human Infections with Avian Influenza H5N1 and Proposed Local Clinical Management Guideline." Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore 36, no. 4 (2007): 285–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.v36n4p285.

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Introduction: The current avian and human H5N1 influenza epidemic has been in resurgence since 2004. We decided to evaluate published evidence in relation to epidemiology, clinical features and course, laboratory diagnosis, treatment and outcome of human H5N1 influenza, and develop institutional clinical management guidelines. Methods: A search of PubMed was conducted for all English language articles with search terms “avian”, “influenza” and “H5N1”. The bibliography of articles was searched for other references of interest. Results: Published case series from Hong Kong in 1997, and Thailand

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4

Łagocka, Ryta, Violetta Dziedziejko, Patrycja Kłos, and Andrzej Pawlik. "Favipiravir in Therapy of Viral Infections." Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 2 (2021): 273. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10020273.

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Favipiravir (FPV) is a novel antiviral drug acting as a competitive inhibitor of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), preventing viral transcription and replication. FPV was approved in Japan in 2014 for therapy of influenza unresponsive to standard antiviral therapies. FPV was also used in the therapy of Ebola virus disease (EVD) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetic parameters, toxicity, and adverse effects of FPV, as well as clinical studies evaluating the use of FPV in the therapy of

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Toots, Mart, Jeong-Joong Yoon, Robert M. Cox, et al. "Characterization of orally efficacious influenza drug with high resistance barrier in ferrets and human airway epithelia." Science Translational Medicine 11, no. 515 (2019): eaax5866. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/scitranslmed.aax5866.

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Influenza viruses constitute a major health threat and economic burden globally, frequently exacerbated by preexisting or rapidly emerging resistance to antiviral therapeutics. To address the unmet need of improved influenza therapy, we have created EIDD-2801, an isopropylester prodrug of the ribonucleoside analog N4-hydroxycytidine (NHC, EIDD-1931) that has shown broad anti-influenza virus activity in cultured cells and mice. Pharmacokinetic profiling demonstrated that EIDD-2801 was orally bioavailable in ferrets and nonhuman primates. Therapeutic oral dosing of influenza virus–infected ferre

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Huang, Yao-Zhang, Mao-Wei Hsieh, Chien-Hui Hung, and Chung-Hua Hsu. "Improved Pulmonary Inflammation and Fibrosis Progression after Influenza A (H1N1) Infection by Chinese Herbal Medicine: A Case Report." ISRN Pulmonology 2011 (April 27, 2011): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2011/676038.

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Influenza A (H1N1) virus was the most common cause of human influenza (flu) in 2009. We report a patient infected with influenza A virus who showed improvement in his pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis progression after switching to Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) therapy. Although antiviral drug and corticosteroids were administered, some disturbing respiratory illness and immune imbalance attributed to corticosteroids taken prompted him to seek for CHM therapy. After CHM treatment for three months, significant recovery in chest radiograph was noted, and the result of subsequent pulmonary func

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Bojic, Ivanko, Olga Dulovic, Eleonora Gvozdenovic, and Svetlana Minic. "Influenza: A current medical problem." Medical review 60, no. 7-8 (2007): 351–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/mpns0708351b.

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Introduction. Acute respiratory infections are the most common infections in the human population. Among them, virus infections, especially those caused by influenza viruses, have an important place. Type A influenza. Type A influenza virus caused three epidemics during the last century. A high percetage of deceased in pandemics of 1918, and 1919 were young, healthy persons, with many of the deaths due to an unusually severe, hemorrhagic pneumonia. At the end of 2003, and the beginning of 2004, an epidemic emerged in South East Asia of poultry influenza caused by animal (avian) virus. Later it

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Ashraf, Usama, Laura Tengo, Laurent Le Corre, et al. "Destabilization of the human RED–SMU1 splicing complex as a basis for host-directed antiinfluenza strategy." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 22 (2019): 10968–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1901214116.

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New therapeutic strategies targeting influenza are actively sought due to limitations in current drugs available. Host-directed therapy is an emerging concept to target host functions involved in pathogen life cycles and/or pathogenesis, rather than pathogen components themselves. From this perspective, we focused on an essential host partner of influenza viruses, the RED–SMU1 splicing complex. Here, we identified two synthetic molecules targeting an α-helix/groove interface essential for RED–SMU1 complex assembly. We solved the structure of the SMU1 N-terminal domain in complex with RED or bo

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Holthausen, David J., Sanil George, and Joshy Jacob. "Amphibian innate immune mediators protect against human Influenza strains." Journal of Immunology 196, no. 1_Supplement (2016): 63.7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.196.supp.63.7.

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Abstract Frogs and toads are incredible reservoirs of biologically active peptides. Amphibians secrete host defense peptides from their skin as part of their innate immune response. This ancient response acts to protect the amphibians against microbes. The quantity and scope of these secreted peptides dwarfs mammalian analogues, accounting for a substantial portion of all known host defense peptides. The non-invasive and non-harmful methods for frog peptide collection, in tandem with the abundance and breadth of these peptides, makes them excellent choices for novel peptide drug therapies. Stu

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10

Nimmerjahn, Falk, Diana Dudziak, Ulrike Dirmeier та ін. "Active NF-κB signalling is a prerequisite for influenza virus infection". Journal of General Virology 85, № 8 (2004): 2347–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.79958-0.

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Influenza virus still poses a major threat to human health. Despite widespread vaccination programmes and the development of drugs targeting essential viral proteins, the extremely high mutation rate of influenza virus still leads to the emergence of new pathogenic virus strains. Therefore, it has been suggested that cellular cofactors that are essential for influenza virus infection might be better targets for antiviral therapy. It has previously been reported that influenza virus efficiently infects Epstein–Barr virus-immortalized B cells, whereas Burkitt's lymphoma cells are virtually resis

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Esaulenko, E. V., A. D. Ibrokhimova, M. G. Pozdnyakova, and K. E. Novak. "Modern aspects of the therapy of acute respiratory viral infections (systematic review)." Journal Infectology 16, no. 4 (2025): 23–31. https://doi.org/10.22625/2072-6732-2024-16-4-23-31.

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The emergence of new strains of respiratory viruses, especially pandemic ones, resistant to antiviral drugs, dictates the need for further search for new molecules, or reformatting of existing drugs, expanding their indications for use. The use of broadspectrum antivirals or immunomodulators is now well justified. The goal is to systematize published data on the effectiveness and safety of the drug inosine pranobex for acute respiratory viral infections, including influenza and the new coronavirus infection COVID19. The results of in vivo and in vitro studies are summarized, which examine th

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Zaitsev, Andrey A., and Andrei M. Makarevich. "Acute respiratory viral infections: directions for diagnosis and rational therapy (how to avoid mistakes?): A review." Consilium Medicum 26, no. 03 (2024): 159–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.26442/20751753.2024.3.202739.

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Acute respiratory viral infections (ARVI) still remain one of the most pressing human diseases due to the extremely high incidence rate. Among all the pathogens of ARVI, rhinoviruses and influenza viruses are of leading importance. This publication once again draws the reader’s attention to the basic principles of managing a patient with ARVI and influenza, and the “red line” defines the main goal – “how to avoid mistakes?”.

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Belardo, Giuseppe, Orlando Cenciarelli, Simone La Frazia, Jean Francois Rossignol, and M. Gabriella Santoro. "Synergistic Effect of Nitazoxanide with Neuraminidase Inhibitors against Influenza A VirusesIn Vitro." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 59, no. 2 (2014): 1061–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.03947-14.

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ABSTRACTThe emergence of drug-resistant influenza A virus (IAV) strains represents a serious threat to global human health and underscores the need for novel approaches to anti-influenza chemotherapy. Combination therapy with drugs affecting different IAV targets represents an attractive option for influenza treatment. We have previously shown that the thiazolide anti-infective nitazoxanide (NTZ) inhibits H1N1 IAV replication by selectively blocking viral hemagglutinin maturation. Herein we investigate the anti-influenza activity of NTZ against a wide range of human and avian IAVs (H1N1, H3N2,

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14

Yang, Zhiping, Alice Bedugnis, Susan Levinson, et al. "Delayed administration of recombinant plasma gelsolin improves survival in a murine model of severe influenza." F1000Research 8 (November 6, 2019): 1860. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.21082.1.

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Background: Host-derived inflammatory responses contribute to the morbidity and mortality of severe influenza, suggesting that immunomodulatory therapy may improve outcomes. The normally circulating protein, human plasma gelsolin, is available in recombinant form (rhu-pGSN) and has beneficial effects in a variety of pre-clinical models of inflammation and injury. Methods: We evaluated delayed therapy with subcutaneous rhu-pGSN initiated 3 to 6 days after intra-nasal viral challenge in a mouse model of influenza A/PR/8/34. Results: Rhu-pGSN administered starting on day 3 or day 6 increased surv

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Yang, Zhiping, Alice Bedugnis, Susan Levinson, et al. "Delayed administration of recombinant plasma gelsolin improves survival in a murine model of severe influenza." F1000Research 8 (February 21, 2020): 1860. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.21082.2.

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Background: Host-derived inflammatory responses contribute to the morbidity and mortality of severe influenza, suggesting that immunomodulatory therapy may improve outcomes. The normally circulating protein, human plasma gelsolin, is available in recombinant form (rhu-pGSN) and has beneficial effects in a variety of pre-clinical models of inflammation and injury. Methods: We evaluated delayed therapy with subcutaneous rhu-pGSN initiated 3 to 6 days after intra-nasal viral challenge in a mouse model of influenza A/PR/8/34. Results: Rhu-pGSN administered starting on day 3 or day 6 increased surv

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Ergul, Ayse Betul, Umit Altug, Kursad Aydin, Ahmet Sami Guven, and Yasemin Altuner Torun. "Acute necrotizing encephalopathy causing human bocavirus." Neuroradiology Journal 30, no. 2 (2017): 164–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1971400916687586.

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Acute necrotizing encephalopathy is characterized by multiple, symmetrical lesions involving the thalamus, brainstem, cerebellum, and white matter and develops secondarily to viral infections. Influenza viruses are the most common etiological agents. Here, we present the first case of acute necrotizing encephalopathy to develop secondarily to human bocavirus. A 3-year-old girl presented with fever and altered mental status. She had had a fever, cough, and rhinorrhea for five days. The patient was admitted to the intensive care unit with an initial diagnosis of encephalitis when vomiting, convu

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17

Malinovskaya, V. V., I. G. Mosyagin, and I. V. Korzhov. "CURRENT ISSUES OF ANTIVIRAL THERAPY OF ARVI AND INFLUENZA IN MILITARY UNITS." Marine Medicine 6, no. 1 (2020): 15–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.22328/2413-5747-2019-5-4-15-23.

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Conducting preventive medical and epidemiological measures for influenza and ARVI in closed military units, including on ships, vessels and auxiliary units of the Navy, is a factor of increasing the combat effectiveness of forces of the Russian Army. In the structure of total morbidity of military personnel, acute respiratory viral infections account for 35–50%, however, during the young military reinforcement, the incidence of these infections in combination with community-acquired pneumonia can reach 70–80%. The risk of exceeding the epidemiological threshold for respiratory tract infections

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18

Neumann, Gabriele, Tokiko Watanabe, and Yoshihiro Kawaoka. "Plasmid-Driven Formation of Influenza Virus-Like Particles." Journal of Virology 74, no. 1 (2000): 547–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.74.1.547-551.2000.

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ABSTRACT We established a plasmid-based system for generating infectious influenza virus-like particles entirely from cloned cDNAs. Human embryonic kidney cells (293T) were transfected with plasmids encoding the influenza A virus structural proteins and with a plasmid encoding an influenza virus-like viral RNA (vRNA) which contained an antisense copy of the cDNA for green fluorescence protein (GFP) flanked by an RNA polymerase I promoter and terminator. Intracellular transcription of the latter construct by RNA polymerase I generated GFP vRNA that was packaged into influenza virus-like particl

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19

Gotts, Jeffrey E., Jason Abbott, and Michael A. Matthay. "Influenza causes prolonged disruption of the alveolar-capillary barrier in mice unresponsive to mesenchymal stem cell therapy." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 307, no. 5 (2014): L395—L406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00110.2014.

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Viral pneumonia is a major cause of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Anti-inflammatory therapies for viral-induced lung injury show promise in preclinical models. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are multipotent, self-renewing cells that secrete anti-inflammatory cytokines and epithelial and endothelial growth factors. We inoculated mice intranasally with influenza A (murine-adapted Puerto Rico/8/34) or PBS, and the mice were killed at multiple time points after infection for measures of lung injury and viral load. We report that influenza induces marked, long-lasting dysfuncti

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Evans, Kim D., and Mark W. Kline. "PROLONGED INFLUENZA A INFECTION RESPONSIVE TO RIMANTADINE THERAPY IN A HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VHRUS-INFECTED CHILD." Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal 14, no. 4 (1995): 332–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006454-199504000-00022.

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21

Pan, Yang, Weixian Shi, Peng Yang, et al. "A case of human infection with avian Influenza A/H7N9 virus in Beijing: virological and serological analysis." Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 9, no. 03 (2015): 317–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.5875.

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This study described some essential viral and sera-characteristics of A/H7N9 virus infection in a 61-year old case patient. With the antiviral therapy and respiratory support, the patient showed a significant decrease of viral loads from 6.72 log10 copies/mL to 0 in 22 days, and a correlated increase of serum hemagglutination inhibition titers during the same period. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that the isolated strain was highly homologous to previous strains isolated in the southeast of China. Drug resistance-associated R292K mutation became detectable 17 days after antiviral therapy,

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Pipitò, Luca, Chiara Vincenza Mazzola, Eleonora Bono, et al. "A Case of Severe Respiratory Failure Caused by Metapneumovirus and Influenza Virus in a Patient with HIV Infection." Viruses 17, no. 3 (2025): 289. https://doi.org/10.3390/v17030289.

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Background: Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a significant cause of respiratory infections, particularly in children, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals. However, data on HMPV infection in people living with HIV (PLWH) are limited, and cases of co-infection with influenza A virus in this population have not been previously described. Case Presentation: We reported the case of a 73-year-old HIV-positive man with multiple comorbidities, including insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, who presented with fever, asthenia, and glycometabolic decompensation. Despite an initially unremarkabl

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Herold, Susanne, Christin Becker, Karen M. Ridge, and G. R. Scott Budinger. "Influenza virus-induced lung injury: pathogenesis and implications for treatment." European Respiratory Journal 45, no. 5 (2015): 1463–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/09031936.00186214.

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The influenza viruses are some of the most important human pathogens, causing substantial seasonal and pandemic morbidity and mortality. In humans, infection of the lower respiratory tract of can result in flooding of the alveolar compartment, development of acute respiratory distress syndrome and death from respiratory failure. Influenza-mediated damage of the airway, alveolar epithelium and alveolar endothelium results from a combination of: 1) intrinsic viral pathogenicity, attributable to its tropism for host airway and alveolar epithelial cells; and 2) a robust host innate immune response

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Chan, Michael C. W., Denise I. T. Kuok, Connie Y. H. Leung, et al. "Human mesenchymal stromal cells reduce influenza A H5N1-associated acute lung injury in vitro and in vivo." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 13 (2016): 3621–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1601911113.

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Influenza can cause acute lung injury. Because immune responses often play a role, antivirals may not ensure a successful outcome. To identify pathogenic mechanisms and potential adjunctive therapeutic options, we compared the extent to which avian influenza A/H5N1 virus and seasonal influenza A/H1N1 virus impair alveolar fluid clearance and protein permeability in an in vitro model of acute lung injury, defined the role of virus-induced soluble mediators in these injury effects, and demonstrated that the effects are prevented or reduced by bone marrow-derived multipotent mesenchymal stromal c

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Madrid, Darling Melany, Weihong Gu, Alyssa May, Laurie Touchard, Yuhan Wen, and John Driver. "Evaluating the impact of influenza infection on pig lungs by single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq)." Journal of Immunology 212, no. 1_Supplement (2024): 0706_6486. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.212.supp.0706.6486.

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Abstract Despite being the most widely consumed meat worldwide, the pig industry faces economic challenges from respiratory viruses including influenza. Pigs are also used as a reliable translational model for human respiratory disorders due to their similar respiratory tracts. However, limited pig-specific reagents have hindered understanding the pig’s immune system. Hence, here we used single cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) for unbiased transcriptional profiling of pig immune responses during influenza infection and oseltamivir antiviral therapy. Fourteen six-week-old mixed-breed pigs were in

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Lozhkov, Alexey A., Sergey A. Klotchenko, Edward S. Ramsay, et al. "The Key Roles of Interferon Lambda in Human Molecular Defense against Respiratory Viral Infections." Pathogens 9, no. 12 (2020): 989. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9120989.

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Interferons (IFN) are crucial for the innate immune response. Slightly more than two decades ago, a new type of IFN was discovered: the lambda IFN (type III IFN). Like other IFN, the type III IFN display antiviral activity against a wide variety of infections, they induce expression of antiviral, interferon-stimulated genes (MX1, OAS, IFITM1), and they have immuno-modulatory activities that shape adaptive immune responses. Unlike other IFN, the type III IFN signal through distinct receptors is limited to a few cell types, primarily mucosal epithelial cells. As a consequence of their greater an

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Zheng, Shufa, Qianda Zou, Xiaochen Wang, et al. "Factors Associated With Fatality Due to Avian Influenza A(H7N9) Infection in China." Clinical Infectious Diseases 71, no. 1 (2019): 128–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciz779.

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Abstract Background The high case fatality rate of influenza A(H7N9)-infected patients has been a major clinical concern. Methods To identify the common causes of death due to H7N9 as well as identify risk factors associated with the high inpatient mortality, we retrospectively collected clinical treatment information from 350 hospitalized human cases of H7N9 virus in mainland China during 2013–2017, of which 109 (31.1%) had died, and systematically analyzed the patients’ clinical characteristics and risk factors for death. Results The median age at time of infection was 57 years, whereas the

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Tilton, John C., Marlise R. Luskin, Alison J. Johnson, et al. "Changes in Paracrine Interleukin-2 Requirement, CCR7 Expression, Frequency, and Cytokine Secretion of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Specific CD4+ T Cells Are a Consequence of Antigen Load." Journal of Virology 81, no. 6 (2006): 2713–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.01830-06.

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ABSTRACT Virus-specific CD4+ T-cell responses are thought to be required for the induction and maintenance of many effective CD8+ T-cell and B-cell immune responses in experimental animals and humans. Although the presence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-specific CD4+ T cells has been documented in patients at all stages of HIV infection, many fundamental questions regarding their frequency and function remain. A 10-color, 12-parameter flow cytometric panel was utilized to examine the frequency, memory phenotype (CD27, CCR7, and CD45RA), and cytokine production (interleukin-2 [IL-2], gam

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Shah Mahmud, Raihan, Christin Müller, Yulia Romanova, et al. "Ribonuclease fromBacillusActs as an Antiviral Agent against Negative- and Positive-Sense Single Stranded Human Respiratory RNA Viruses." BioMed Research International 2017 (2017): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/5279065.

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Bacillus pumilusribonuclease (binase) was shown to be a promising antiviral agent in animal models and cell cultures. However, the mode of its antiviral action remains unknown. To assess the binase effect on intracellular viral RNA we have selected single stranded negative- and positive-sense RNA viruses, influenza virus, and rhinovirus, respectively, which annually cause respiratory illnesses and are characterized by high contagious nature, mutation rate, and antigen variability. We have shown that binase exerts an antiviral effect on both viruses at the same concentration, which does not alt

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Medaglia, Chiara, Arnaud Charles-Antoine Zwygart, Paulo Jacob Silva, et al. "Interferon Lambda Delays the Emergence of Influenza Virus Resistance to Oseltamivir." Microorganisms 9, no. 6 (2021): 1196. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9061196.

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Influenza viruses are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. These air-borne pathogens are able to cross the species barrier, leading to regular seasonal epidemics and sporadic pandemics. Influenza viruses also possess a high genetic variability, which allows for the acquisition of resistance mutations to antivirals. Combination therapies with two or more drugs targeting different mechanisms of viral replication have been considered an advantageous option to not only enhance the effectiveness of the individual treatments, but also reduce the likelihood of resistance emergence. U

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Collins, Jennifer P., Angela P. Campbell, Kyle Openo, et al. "Outcomes of Immunocompromised Adults Hospitalized With Laboratory-confirmed Influenza in the United States, 2011–2015." Clinical Infectious Diseases 70, no. 10 (2019): 2121–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciz638.

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Abstract Background Hospitalized immunocompromised (IC) adults with influenza may have worse outcomes than hospitalized non-IC adults. Methods We identified adults hospitalized with laboratory-confirmed influenza during 2011–2015 seasons through CDC’s Influenza Hospitalization Surveillance Network. IC patients had human immunodefiency virus (HIV)/AIDS, cancer, stem cell or organ transplantation, nonsteroid immunosuppressive therapy, immunoglobulin deficiency, asplenia, and/or other rare conditions. We compared demographic and clinical characteristics of IC and non-IC adults using descriptive s

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Walsh, Kevin, John Tiejaro, Peter Wilker, et al. "Pathogenic H1N1 2009 influenza virus-induced pulmonary injury is suppressed by sphingosine analog-mediated inhibition of cytokine storm (49.3)." Journal of Immunology 186, no. 1_Supplement (2011): 49.3. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.186.supp.49.3.

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Abstract Human pandemic H1N1 (2009) influenza virus rapidly infected millions worldwide and caused significant morbidity and mortality that was associated with cytokine storm and virus-induced cytopathology. Antiviral drugs are the primary therapy to treat disease, although there are limitations to their effective use: 1) administration must be early for optimal efficacy; 2) selective pressure is exerted on the virus resulting in the generation of viral progeny that are resistant to treatment; 3) treatment does not directly inhibit immune-mediated tissue damage, a significant component of dise

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Noah, Diana L., and James W. Noah. "Adapting global influenza management strategies to address emerging viruses." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 305, no. 2 (2013): L108—L117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00105.2013.

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Death by respiratory complications from influenza infections continues to be a major global health concern. Antiviral drugs are widely available for therapy and prophylaxis, but viral mutations have resulted in resistance that threatens to reduce the long-term utility of approved antivirals. Vaccination is the best method for controlling influenza, but vaccine strategies are blunted by virus antigenic drift and shift. Genetic shift in particular has led to four pandemics in the last century, which have prompted the development of efficient global surveillance and vaccination programs. Although

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Gamberi, Chiara, Chad L. Leverette, Alexis C. Davis, et al. "Oceanic Breakthroughs: Marine-Derived Innovations in Vaccination, Therapy, and Immune Health." Vaccines 12, no. 11 (2024): 1263. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12111263.

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The vast, untapped potential of the world’s oceans is revealing groundbreaking advancements in human health and vaccination. Microalgae such as Nannochloropsis spp. and Dunaliella salina are emerging as resources for recombinant vaccine development with specific and heterologous genetic tools used to boost production of functional recombinant antigens in Dunaliella salina and Nannochloropsis spp. to induce immunoprotection. In humans, several antigens produced in microalgae have shown potential in combating diseases caused by the human papillomavirus, human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B

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Bots, Selas T. F., and Rob C. Hoeben. "Non-Human Primate-Derived Adenoviruses for Future Use as Oncolytic Agents?" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 14 (2020): 4821. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21144821.

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Non-human primate (NHP)-derived adenoviruses have formed a valuable alternative for the use of human adenoviruses in vaccine development and gene therapy strategies by virtue of the low seroprevalence of neutralizing immunity in the human population. The more recent use of several human adenoviruses as oncolytic agents has exhibited excellent safety profiles and firm evidence of clinical efficacy. This proffers the question whether NHP-derived adenoviruses could also be employed for viral oncolysis in human patients. While vaccine vectors are conventionally made as replication-defective vector

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Aoki, Fred Y., Upton D. Allen, H. Grant Stiver, and Gerald A. Evans. "The Use of Antiviral Drugs for Influenza: Guidance for Practitioners 2012/2013." Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology 23, no. 4 (2012): e79-e92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/879141.

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The present article addresses the use of antiviral drugs in the management of seasonal influenza illness for the 2012/2013 season. It updates the previous document published in 2011 (1). Noteworthy guidance updates since 2011 include the following:Seasonal influenza in 2012/2013 is predicted to be caused by two human influenza A and one influenza B strain, all of which are anticipated to remain generally susceptible to oseltamivir.The predicted strains are A/California/7/2009 (H1N1) pdm09-like, A/Victoria/361/2011 (H3N2)-like and B/Wisconsin/1/2010-like (Yamagata lineage). All are included in

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Giurgea, Luca, Adriana Cervantes-Medina, Alison Han, Lindsay Czajkowski, Holly Baus, and Matthew J. Memoli. "1524. Sex Differences in Influenza: The Challenge Study Experience." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 7, Supplement_1 (2020): S764. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofaa439.1705.

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Abstract Background Our understanding of the impact of biological sex on influenza-associated disease and the mechanisms that underpin it is still incomplete. Further investigation of sex-linked effects on influenza pathogenesis and clinical outcomes may help tailor vaccine strategies. Animal studies have shown female mice experience more symptoms than male mice during influenza infection. Similarly, human females of reproductive age have higher rates of influenza and influenza-related hospitalizations. However, data is sometimes conflicting and may be confounded by other important differences

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Ohira, N., K. Takasugi, N. Takasugi, et al. "Dose Escalation Induces Tolerance to Side-Effects of Erythropoietin in a Patient with Dialysis Anaemia: Case Report." Journal of International Medical Research 26, no. 2 (1998): 102–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030006059802600208.

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A 51-year-old woman began haemodialysis for chronic renal failure in February 1981. Symptomatic anaemia required treatment with recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) in February 1990 (3000 IU, twice weekly, intravenously). She developed influenza-like symptoms and treatment was withdrawn. In June 1994 rHuEPO was resumed at a very low dose of 100 IU subcutaneously three times weekly, and was increased gradually to 500 IU, without inducing any side-effects. At this dose the haematocrit was maintained at 22.0 – 25.0% and the symptoms of anaemia improved. In patients like ours, with influenza-

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Sayfiyeva, Nozima Xikmat xoja qizi Abdumajidova Nozima Xamidullayevna Zafarov Muhammadjon Qahramon og'li. "EXPERIENCE OF USING THE COMBINED DRUG GRIPPOMIX IN PATIENTS WITH UNCOMPLICATED FORM SARS AND FLU." INTERNATIONAL BULLETIN OF MEDICAL SCIENCES AND CLINICAL RESEARCH 3, no. 1 (2023): 21–25. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7543301.

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Acute respiratory viral infections (ARVI), including influenza, continue to occupy the first place in the structure of all human infectious diseases and remain one of the most relevant medical problems. For the treatment and prevention of acute respiratory viral infections and influenza, drugs of various groups are used. Among the combined drugs today, the preferred drug is grippomix, the effectiveness and safety of which has been studied in this study.  The presence of almost all the necessary active ingredients in a single form used for the complex therapy of acute respiratory viral inf

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Collins, Jennifer P., Angela P. Campbell, Kyle Openo, et al. "Clinical Features and Outcomes of Immunocompromised Children Hospitalized With Laboratory-Confirmed Influenza in the United States, 2011–2015." Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society 8, no. 6 (2018): 539–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jpids/piy101.

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Abstract Background Existing data on the clinical features and outcomes of immunocompromised children with influenza are limited. Methods Data from the 2011–2012 through 2014–2015 influenza seasons were collected as part of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Influenza Hospitalization Surveillance Network (FluSurv-NET). We compared clinical features and outcomes between immunocompromised and nonimmunocompromised children (&lt;18 years old) hospitalized with laboratory-confirmed community-acquired influenza. Immunocompromised children were defined as those for whom ≥1 of th

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Welliver, R. C. "Detection, pathogenesis, and therapy of respiratory syncytial virus infections." Clinical Microbiology Reviews 1, no. 1 (1988): 27–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cmr.1.1.27.

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Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection is a major cause of serious lower respiratory disease in infancy and early childhood. The unique pathogenesis of lower respiratory illness due to RSV offers some intriguing clues to the role of the human immune system in both protection against and development of respiratory illness. More than any other virus, rapid diagnostic techniques have been especially successful in identifying RSV infection. Many of these techniques could be easily adaptable to diagnosis of influenza virus infection and other agents. Finally, ribavirin therapy of RSV infection

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Starostina, L. S. "Immunostimulating therapy and prevention of acute respiratory viral infections in children." Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 155–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.21518/2079-701x-2022-16-1-155-164.

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Acute respiratory infections (ARIs) have been holding leading positions in terms of prevalence rates in all age groups for much longer than one year, accounting for more than 70%. World Health Organization experts note that ARI is the most common group of diseases in the human population. Back in 1995, D.J. Rowlands stated in his publication that the average person has ARI for a total of about two years during his life. The published report “On the state of the sanitary and epidemic well-being of the population in the Russian Federation, 2017” showed that the acute respiratory viral infection

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Holzer, Barbara, Pramila Rijal, Adam McNee, et al. "Protective porcine influenza virus-specific monoclonal antibodies recognize similar haemagglutinin epitopes as humans." PLOS Pathogens 17, no. 3 (2021): e1009330. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1009330.

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Pigs are natural hosts for the same subtypes of influenza A viruses as humans and integrally involved in virus evolution with frequent interspecies transmissions in both directions. The emergence of the 2009 pandemic H1N1 virus illustrates the importance of pigs in evolution of zoonotic strains. Here we generated pig influenza-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) from H1N1pdm09 infected pigs. The mAbs recognized the same two major immunodominant haemagglutinin (HA) epitopes targeted by humans, one of which is not recognized by post-infection ferret antisera that are commonly used to monitor v

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Jugulete, Gheorghita, Bianca Borcos, Mihaela Safta, et al. "Influenza A in children complicated by encephalitis - case study." Romanian Journal of Infectious Diseases 26, no. 4 (2023): 152–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.37897/rjid.2023.4.6.

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Influenza is a seasonal disease that can cause annual outbreaks, especially during the cold periods of the year, in temperate areas. Symptomatology mainly involves the upper and lower respiratory tract, but varies greatly depending on the age and medical history of each person. In this paper we present a clinical case of influenza type A complicated with encephalitis in a female child aged 5 years and 6 months with a personal pathological history of neurological damage (Guillain-Barre syndrome). The diagnosis of influenza was established on the basis of symptoms (productive cough, rhinorrhea,

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Curran, Martin D., Joanna S. Ellis, Tim G. Wreghitt, and Maria C. Zambon. "Establishment of a UK National Influenza H5 Laboratory Network." Journal of Medical Microbiology 56, no. 10 (2007): 1263–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.47336-0.

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Avian (H5N1) influenza continues to pose a significant threat to human health, although it remains a zoonotic infection. Sensitive and robust surveillance measures are required to detect any evidence that the virus has acquired the ability to transmit between humans and emerge as the next pandemic strain. An integral part of the pandemic planning response in the UK was the creation in 2005 of the UK National H5 Laboratory Network, capable of rapidly and accurately identifying potential human H5N1 infections in all regions of the UK, and the Republic of Ireland. This review details the challeng

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Tapilskaya, N. I., K. V. Ob’edkova, I. O. Krikheli, L. Sh Tsechoeva, and R. I. Glushakov. "Persistent human papillomavirus infection in the genesis of reproductive losses. Prospects for therapy." Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council, no. 3 (April 15, 2021): 8–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.21518/2079-701x-2021-3-8-17.

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Viral pandemics have shown that infected pregnant women are at risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Current evidence suggests that a pregnant woman’s immune system undergoes a transformation necessary to maintain pregnancy and fetal growth. The prevalence of human papillomavirus (PVI) is high, and its role in adverse pregnancy outcomes and reproductive loss is highly controversial. About 90% of cases of persistent human papillomavirus infection (PVI) are eliminated within one to two years. The role of the immune system in the elimination and persistence of PVI has been proven; however, there is

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Govorkova, Elena A., Natalia A. Ilyushina, David A. Boltz, Alan Douglas, Neziha Yilmaz, and Robert G. Webster. "Efficacy of Oseltamivir Therapy in Ferrets Inoculated with Different Clades of H5N1 Influenza Virus." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 51, no. 4 (2007): 1414–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.01312-06.

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ABSTRACT Highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza viruses have infected an increasing number of humans in Asia, with high mortality rates and the emergence of multiple distinguishable clades. It is not known whether antiviral drugs that are effective against contemporary human influenza viruses will be effective against systemically replicating viruses, such as these pathogens. Therefore, we evaluated the use of the neuraminidase (NA) inhibitor oseltamivir for early postexposure prophylaxis and for treatment in ferrets exposed to representatives of two clades of H5N1 virus with markedly different path

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Moianos, Dimitrios, Georgia-Myrto Prifti, Maria Makri, and Grigoris Zoidis. "Targeting Metalloenzymes: The “Achilles’ Heel” of Viruses and Parasites." Pharmaceuticals 16, no. 6 (2023): 901. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph16060901.

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Metalloenzymes are central to the regulation of a wide range of essential viral and parasitic functions, including protein degradation, nucleic acid modification, and many others. Given the impact of infectious diseases on human health, inhibiting metalloenzymes offers an attractive approach to disease therapy. Metal-chelating agents have been expansively studied as antivirals and antiparasitics, resulting in important classes of metal-dependent enzyme inhibitors. This review provides the recent advances in targeting the metalloenzymes of viruses and parasites that impose a significant burden

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Han, Julianna, Jasmine Perez, Adam Schafer, et al. "Influenza Virus: Small Molecule Therapeutics and Mechanisms of Antiviral Resistance." Current Medicinal Chemistry 25, no. 38 (2019): 5115–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867324666170920165926.

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Background: Influenza viruses cause severe upper respiratory illness in children and the elderly during seasonal epidemics. Influenza viruses from zoonotic reservoirs can also cause pandemics with significant loss of life in all age groups. Although vaccination is one of the most effective methods to protect against seasonal epidemics, seasonal vaccines vary in efficacy, can be ineffective in the elderly population, and do not provide protection against novel strains. Small molecule therapeutics are a critical part of our antiviral strategies to control influenza virus epidemics and pandemics

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Veljkovic, Veljko, Nevena Veljkovic, Claude P. Muller, et al. "Characterization of conserved properties of hemagglutinin of H5N1 and human influenza viruses: possible consequences for therapy and infection control." BMC Structural Biology 9, no. 1 (2009): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1472-6807-9-21.

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