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1
May, Gary. The informant: The FBI, the Ku Klux Klan, and the murder of Viola Liuzzo. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2004.
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2
The informant: The FBI, the Ku Klux Klan, and the murder of Viola Liuzzo. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2005.
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3
May, Gary. Informant: The FBI, the Ku Klux Klan, and the Murder of Viola Liuzzo. Yale University Press, 2008.
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4
May, Gary. Informant: The FBI, the Ku Klux Klan, and the Murder of Viola Liuzzo. Yale University Press, 2010.
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5
May, Gary. The Informant: The FBI, the Ku Klux Klan, and the Murder of Viola Liuzzo. Yale University Press, 2011.
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6
Shpayer-Makov, Haia. Detectives and Forensic Science. Edited by Paul Knepper and Anja Johansen. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199352333.013.25.
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This exploratory essay outlines various pivotal trends in the professionalization of police detection in England, France, and the United States from the mid-eighteenth century to the Second World War. Key landmarks in the evolution of the role of the detective from criminal turned paid informant, or from nonspecialist law enforcer, to a professional member of a detective unit are traced. The essay draws upon the history of forensic science to highlight the interface between detection and forensic science and to point toward forensic science methodologies that made significant inroads in the world of police detection, thereby enhancing its professionalization.
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Galynker, Igor. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190260859.003.0001.
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One of the most difficult determinations a psychiatrist makes is whether the chronically suicidal patient is at risk for imminent suicide. The Introduction presents the challenges of the imminent risk assessment and explains the purpose of The Suicidal Narrative—the first clinical guide to such an assessment. It introduces the distinction between long-term and short-term suicide risk, highlights the lack of structured instruments for imminent risk assessment, and discusses the advantages of multimodal and multi-informant assessment methods. It then describes intended uses of the guide, lists its inherent limitations, and identifies possible areas of unintended misuse. The Introduction concludes by naming the main intended use of The Suicidal Narrative: as a roadmap for a comprehensive assessment of imminent suicide risk in diverse clinical settings.
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Baker, Aaron. The Films of Steven Soderbergh. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252036057.003.0001.
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This chapter examines the films of Steven Soderbergh. Soderbergh's twenty feature films present a diverse range of subject matter and formal styles. They range from his 1989 breakthrough hit Sex, Lies, and Videotape, about the sex lives of four twenty-somethings, to social-problem films such as Erin Brockovich and The Informant! (2009). Even the cost of making his films has shown great variety, ranging from the six-figure budget for Schizopolis (1996) to the star-studded Ocean's series blockbusters (2001, 2004, 2007) that averaged nearly one hundred million dollars to produce. The eclecticism in Soderbergh's movies would appear to invalidate a claim to the distinctive style typical of film authorship. However, the chapter argues that the variety of his work and the commercial viability of some of his films are prominent aspects of his individual style.
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De Los Reyes, Andres, Tara M. Augenstein, and Melanie F. Lipton. Developmental Issues in Assessment and Treatment. Edited by Thomas H. Ollendick, Susan W. White, and Bradley A. White. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190634841.013.7.
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Clinicians and researchers who work with children and adolescents (i.e., youth) have long known of the value of collecting clinical reports from multiple informants. Along with youth self-reports, a number of significant others in lives of youth can provide reliable and valid reports about youth mental health problems. However, these informants’ reports often yield discrepant conclusions about both the presence of problems and treatment response, and only recently have controlled laboratory studies directly tested the idea that these discrepancies may yield valuable information on individual differences in youth’s clinical presentations. Consequently, clinicians and researchers continue to encounter uncertainty about constructing treatment response assessments. This chapter discusses key developmental considerations when constructing treatment response assessments; future research directions are highlighted for decreasing the uncertainty that clinicians and researchers currently face with selecting, using, and interpreting multi-informant assessments when treating youth.
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Mvula, Peter, and Wapulumuka Mulwafu. Intensification, Crop Diversification, and Gender Relations in Malawi. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198799283.003.0007.
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In this chapter a variety of methods were used to collect data to study smallholders in Malawi. The surveys were complemented by a set of qualitative interviews to establish gender dynamics in agriculture and for livelihoods. Key informant interviews were conducted with agricultural personnel in the sampled districts and focus group discussions were held with some farmers. For a bigger picture of the agricultural policies and practices, the study relied on a review of key documents and publications by government and other agencies implementing agricultural programmes in the country. Descriptive statistics demonstrate that a shift from maize and tobacco to Irish potatoes, groundnuts, and soya beans in the areas under study has provided an opportunity for smallholder farmers to diversify and increase production and thus improve their livelihoods. Another noticeable change has been the increased participation of women in the production and marketing of crops.
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Kulcsár, László J., and Albert Iaroi. Immigrant Integration and the Changing Public Discourse. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252037665.003.0010.
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This chapter discusses the public discourse around the integration process of immigrant Latino workers in Emporia, Kansas. It employs aggregate statistical analysis, media-content analysis, and key-informant interviews to examine how the public discourse has changed over time. Particular attention is given to the arrival of the Somali refugee workers that subsequently altered the discourse on immigrant-worker integration. Findings show that the community perception of Latin Americans shifted significantly once a culturally and ethnically less similar group arrived in town. The discussion includes the role of local actors in immigrant integration with an emphasis on their main employer, Tyson Foods. Contrary to the general challenges of immigrant integration, revolving largely around unauthorized migrants, in this case the difficulty had to do with integrating legal immigrants who had racial and religious differences from not only the mainstream community but from the dominant minority as well.
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Greven, Corina U., Jennifer S. Richards, and Jan K. Buitelaar. Sex differences in ADHD. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198739258.003.0016.
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This chapter reviews sex differences in ADHD, focusing on differences in prevalence, comorbidity, and impairment, and discusses potential mechanisms underlying these differences. ADHD is more common in males than females (sex ratio ~3:1). Males with ADHD show greater comorbidity with comorbid externalizing (conduct) problems, while females with ADHD show internalizing problems. Females with ADHD may experience greater subjective impairment than males with ADHD. Referral and diagnostic issues, relating to sex-specific display of ADHD symptoms (more overt and disruptive in males, more subtle in females), underdiagnosis, or misdiagnosis in girls, as well as biases due to informant source, likely contribute to sex differences in ADHD. Potential biological mechanisms include endocrine factors (testosterone, glucocorticoids, and hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis activation differences), aetiological sex differences (sex-chromosome genes), sex differences in neurocognitive functioning, and differences in brain structure and function. The chapter provides an outlook for future research and clinical implications.
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Hunt, Luke William. Epilogue. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190904999.003.0008.
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The epilogue pulls together the arguments from the prior chapters by analyzing a scenario involving an informant who engages in “otherwise illegal activity” on behalf of the police. The epilogue then revisits the overlapping conceptions of human dignity that were introduced earlier, reaching the following conclusion: a broadly defined ideal theory of justice in the liberal tradition provides constraints regarding how the state (especially the police) may fulfill its reciprocal duties in society; one of those constraints is a commitment to a conception of persons that includes human dignity. By concluding the book in this way, the goal is to emphasize liberalism’s commitment to a conception of persons that is based upon multiple foundational stances. This helps show how liberal personhood likewise constrains the police’s power from multiple foundational stances. The hope is that, by following this path, there has been something of a retrieval of dignity in policing.
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Rosenberg, Paul B. What are the First Signs and Symptoms of Dementia? Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199959549.003.0003.
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Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a syndrome where persons have mild cognitive complaints and deficits on exam but are still functioning well in their daily lives. Persons with MCI are at markedly increased risk of developing dementia in the near-term and thus are an important target for preventive interventions. In the office it is crucial to take a careful history and to have an informant (usually a family member). Prodromal Alzheimer’s disease is typified by problems in short-term recall likely due to hippocampal dysfunction, and depression and anxiety are relatively common. Brief cognitive tests such as the Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE) or Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) are useful. A thorough physical/neurological exam and laboratory screening are important for ruling out other neurologic illnesses such as Parkinsons’ or stroke and for screening for treatable causes of cognitive impairment such as hypothyroidism or vitamin B12 deficiency. Biomarkers are gradually becoming more useful for diagnosis including MRI and amyloid PET scan.
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Johnson, Matthew Barry. Wrongful Conviction in Sexual Assault. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med-psych/9780190653057.001.0001.
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Wrongful Conviction in Sexual Assault: Stranger Rape, Acquaintance Rape, and Intra-Familial Child Sexual Assaults examines the phenomenon of innocent defendants who are convicted of rape and related sexual offenses. It presents findings that indicate sexual offenses are highly overrepresented among confirmed wrongful convictions. Drawing from Innocence Project and National Registry of Exoneration data and supplemented by social science and historical sources, the investigation explores various processes that led to wrongful conviction, distinguishing the differential risk of wrongful conviction among stranger rape, acquaintance rape, and intra-familial child sexual assault. The book includes reference to established research on false confessions, eyewitness misidentification, erroneous expert and informant testimony, DNA evidence, racial bias, and “manufactured” evidence. The work also introduces new terms and concepts (such as “black box” investigation methods, the stranger rape thesis, the moral outrage–moral correction process, “spontaneous misidentification,” victim status paths, the differential investigation challenge related to capable vs. incapacitated rape victims, and the role of serial sexual offending in wrongful conviction) to clarify and illustrate unique aspects of wrongful conviction in sexual assault.
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Akerman, Sean. Words and Wounds. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190851712.001.0001.
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In this study of exile, Sean Akerman chronicles the ways in which narrative approaches provide opportunities to understand and represent the lives of those who have been displaced after violence. Drawing on fieldwork he conducted with Tibetan exiles in New York City, and supplemented with archival research from other exilees around the world, Akerman investigates how narrative approaches can reveal what it’s like to embody historical tensions, how identity becomes contested within displaced groups, and how personal stories become ingrained into the responsibilities of political realities. Akerman uses his fieldwork to question the practices of research, too. How does a researcher write in a way that does justice to displaced lives while working within a scientific framework? What sort of ethics are at stake as one spends long hours interviewing an informant, and then interprets that person’s stories? Narrative approaches become ways to imagine new possibilities of representation, and call attention to the limitations and power dynamics within the discipline of psychology. In light of massive upheavals that go on unabated all over the world, Words and Wounds provides a timely consideration of what it looks like to understand and represent one of the most pressing issues of this age.
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Magnarella, Paul J. Black Panther in Exile. University Press of Florida, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9780813066394.001.0001.
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In the tumultuous year after Martin Luther King Jr.’s assassination, 29-year-old Pete O’Neal became inspired by reading The Autobiography of Malcolm X and founded the Kansas City branch of the Black Panther Party (BPP). The same year, FBI director J. Edgar Hoover declared the BPP was the “greatest threat to the internal security of the country.” This book is the gripping story of O’Neal, one of the influential members of the movement, who now lives in Africa—unable to return to the United States but refusing to renounce his past. Arrested in 1969 and convicted for transporting a shotgun across state lines, O’Neal was free on bail pending his appeal when Fred Hampton, chairman of the Illinois chapter of the BPP, was assassinated by the police. O’Neal and his wife fled the U.S. for Algiers. Eventually they settled in Tanzania, where they continue the social justice work of the Panthers through community and agricultural programs and host study-abroad programs for American students. Paul Magnarella—a veteran of the United Nations Criminal Tribunals and O’Neal’s attorney during his appeals process from 1997–2001—describes his unsuccessful attempts to overturn what he argues was a wrongful conviction. He lucidly reviews the evidence of judicial errors, the prosecution’s use of a paid informant as a witness, perjury by both the prosecution’s key witness and a federal agent, as well as other constitutional violations. He demonstrates how O’Neal was denied justice during the height of the COINTELPRO assault on black activists in the U.S.
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Biscan, Benjamin, Sergio Pérez Monforte, Lars Schöbitz, and Anthony Kilbride. SFD Promotion Initiative: Cap-Haïtien, Haiti. Inter-American Development Bank, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003218.
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The Shit Flow Diagram (SFD) graphic is an advocacy tool that aims to assist technical and non-technical stakeholders to implement plans and programs related to urban sanitation. The SFD methodology is increasingly being used to analyze the extent of safely managed sanitation in urban areas, providing a valuable picture of the prevailing sanitation conditions, from containment to disposal. As such, it is a widely recognized advocacy and decision support tool that aims to understand, communicate, and visualize how wastewater and fecal sludge move within a city or town. As stated on the SuSanA website, the SFD methodology offers “a new and innovative way to engage sanitation experts, political leaders, and civil society in coordinated discussions about excreta management in their city”. The production and publication of an SFD report for Cap-Haitien (Haiti) would help to visualize the current sanitation situation in the city, resulting in a potential to shift current activities and efforts towards more efficient investments in the places along the sanitation chain that need more attention, improving the urban sanitation situation and the surrounding environment of the city. The structure of this SFD report consists of an executive summary and the SFD report. The latter includes: i) general city information describing its main characteristics; ii) sanitation service outcomes, with a thorough explanation of the SFD graphic outcome and the assumptions made; iii) the service delivery context analysis, which contains information on the regulatory framework of water and sanitation at country and city levels, and describes the city plans, budget and future projects to improve the sanitation situation and; iv) a detailed description of the surveys, Key Informant Interviews (KIIs) and Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) conducted, as well as the key stakeholders involved, field visits carried out and references used to develop this SFD report.
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Madrigal Barquero, Diana, and Sergio Pérez Monforte. SFD Promotion Initative: Canton of Alajuela, Costa Rica. Edited by Lars Schöbitz. Inter-American Development Bank, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003217.
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The Shit Flow Diagram (SFD) graphic is an advocacy tool that aims to assist technical and non-technical stakeholders to implement plans and programs related to urban sanitation. The SFD methodology is increasingly being used to analyze the extent of safely managed sanitation in urban areas, providing users and stakeholders with a valuable picture of the prevailing sanitation condition, from containment to disposal. As such, it is a widely recognized advocacy and decision support tool that aims to understand, communicate, and visualize how wastewater and fecal sludge move within a city or town. As stated on the SuSanA website, the SFD methodology offers “a new and innovative way to engage sanitation experts, political leaders, and civil society in coordinated discussions about excreta management in their city.” The production and publication of an SFD report for Alajuela (Costa Rica) would help to visualize the current sanitation situation in the city, resulting in a potential to shift current activities and efforts towards more efficient investments in the places of the sanitation chain that need more attention, thereby improving the urban sanitation situation and the surrounding environment of the city. The structure of this SFD report consists of an executive summary and the SFD report. The latter includes: i) general city information describing its main characteristics; ii) sanitation service outcomes, with a thorough explanation of the SFD graphic outcome and the assumptions made; iii) the service delivery context analysis, which contains information on the regulatory framework of water and sanitation at country and city levels, also describing the city plans, budget and future projects to improve the sanitation situation; and iv) a detailed description of the surveys, Key Informant Interviews (KIIs) and Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) conducted, as well as the key stakeholders involved, field visits carried out and references used to develop this SFD report.