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Journal articles on the topic 'Informal economy'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 25 January 2025

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1

Bagnasco, Arnaldo. "The Informal Economy." Current Sociology 38, no. 2 (September 1990): 157–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001139290038002008.

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2

RADKA, RICH. "The Informal Economy." Ethnographic Praxis in Industry Conference Proceedings 2013, no. 1 (September 2013): 418. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-8918.2013.00064.x.

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3

Chen, Martha Alter. "The Informal Economy." NEW SOLUTIONS: A Journal of Environmental and Occupational Health Policy 26, no. 2 (June 2016): 155–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1048291116652613.

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4

Himchenko, A. N., and S. V. Degtyarev. "Informal economy: employment in the informal sector of the economy." Society, Economy, Management 6, no. 2 (2021): 62–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.47475/2618-9852-2021-16211.

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5

Saunders, S., and E. Loots. "Measuring the informal economy in South Africa." South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 8, no. 1 (January 13, 2015): 92–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v8i1.1286.

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Measuring the size of the South African informal economy has received inadequate attention, making it difficult for policy-makers to assess the impact of policy measures to stimulate informal economic activity. This article aims to estimate the size of the informal economy by using the Currency Demand Approach. The empirical results reveal that the informal economy as a percentage of GDP decreased from 1967 to 1993, before levelling off. The growth in the informal econmy has also underperformed in comparison to formal economic growth. There appears to be a causal relationship running from the informal to the formal economy. Macro-economic policies aimed at the formal economy will not necessarily 'trickle down' to the informal, while these polcies aimed at the informal economy may have a profound effect on the formal economy.
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6

Ramos Soto, Ana Luz. "Sector informal, economía informal e informalidad / Informal sector, informal economy and informality." RIDE Revista Iberoamericana para la Investigación y el Desarrollo Educativo 6, no. 11 (October 12, 2015): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.23913/ride.v6i11.172.

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El objetivo de la presente propuesta es analizar la economía informal y cómo esta participa en la generación de autoempleo en la economía mexicana. Para ello se describen los conceptos del sector informal, la informalidad y la economía informal, y se analizan diferentes indicadores que permiten medir el fenómeno de estudio. En el trabajo de campo se utilizaron fuentes de información secundaria que permitieron identificar el porcentaje de la población ocupada en este sector durante el periodo 2003-2015, constatando así que 13.5 millones de personas formaron parte del sector informal en el año 2014.
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7

Carranco Paredes, Santiago Francisco. "informal Economy in Ecuador." INNOVA Research Journal 3, no. 9 (September 29, 2018): 44–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.33890/innova.v3.n9.2018.624.

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This paper will analyse the effects of the economic changes that Correa’s government introduced on Ecuadorian policies, mainly focussing on the consequence that this policy had on the informal sector and unemployment. There aims of this work is to discuss how this modification to the economical policies have contributed to the development of the country and analyse the sustainability of the mentioned policies in order to contribute to the understanding about the informal economy from a non-western perspective, in this case using as an example the case of Ecuador.
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8

Sęk, Małgorzata. "Informal Economy and VAT." Kwartalnik Prawa Podatkowego, no. 1 (March 30, 2017): 37–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1509-877x.01.03.

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The aim of this paper is to discuss the interconnections between informal economy and Value Added Tax (VAT), as well as measures applied in the European Union (EU) Member States and other countries to counter VAT evasion and VAT fraud related to informal economy. It is shown in the article, that VAT and informal economy are strongly interconnected. VAT may be the cause for growth of the informal economy. But on the other hand, some VAT-related measures may be introduced to reduce or at least stop further growth of informal economy. Examples of such measures conclude the findings.
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9

MANNING, CLAUDIA. "South Africa's Informal Economy." African Affairs 92, no. 366 (January 1993): 151–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.afraf.a098597.

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10

Fajana, Sola. "The Nigerian informal economy." Employee Relations 30, no. 4 (June 27, 2008): 372–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01425450810879358.

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11

SMITH, JAMES D. "Measuring the Informal Economy." ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 493, no. 1 (September 1987): 83–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002716287493001007.

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12

Huang, Philip C. C. "China's Neglected Informal Economy." Modern China 35, no. 4 (June 24, 2009): 405–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0097700409333158.

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13

Evens, Tom. "The Informal Media Economy." European Journal of Communication 30, no. 5 (October 2015): 613–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0267323115600603b.

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14

Elgin, Ceyhun, and Oguz Oztunali. "Pollution and informal economy." Economic Systems 38, no. 3 (September 2014): 333–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecosys.2013.11.002.

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15

Hedhli Mayssa and Hadhek Zouhaier. "Informal economy in Tunisia." Eximia 13 (August 5, 2024): 681–714. http://dx.doi.org/10.47577/eximia.v13i1.496.

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Informality has been a phenomenon that has existed in Tunisia for a long time; it expanded with the Tunisian revolution. The relationship between informal economy and GDP varies in only one direction, that is to say only informality has a negative effect on growth...The expansion of the informal sector comes back to the problem of economic freedom, Tunisia is among the least economically free countries also the political institutional framework such as the problem of government efficiency, the high level of corruption and political instability are among the explanatory variables of informality.
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16

Rasanayagam, Johan. "Informal economy, informal state: the case of Uzbekistan." International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy 31, no. 11/12 (October 25, 2011): 681–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01443331111177878.

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17

Patiño C, Omar Alonso, and Carlos Salcedo-Pérez. "Microfinancing for informal enterprises: perspectives in Colombia/ Microfinanciamento para empresas informais: perspectivas na Colômbia." Brazilian Journal of Development 8, no. 4 (April 6, 2022): 24301–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.34117/bjdv8n4-103.

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Informal economy is a phenomenon present in all Latin American countries. It causes lower level of productivity and social problems given the fact that informal workers do not have social benefits neither the possibility of having a retirement fund if they keep in the informal market. Reducing the size of the informal sector of the economy is a step that must be taken in order to improve the economic and social situation. One important factor of a policy to reduce the size of informal economy is the access to credit to entrepreneurs. This paper summarizes briefly the situation of informal economy in Bogotá, Colombia and proposes microfinancing as a realistic and inclusive way to include informal enterprises into the formal sector of the economy.
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18

Khayati, Anis, and Chokri Terzi. "The effects of the informal economy on the relationship between financial development and economic growth." Investment Management and Financial Innovations 20, no. 3 (September 19, 2023): 321–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/imfi.20(3).2023.27.

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The relationship between economic growth and the development of financial systems has been analyzed from different perspectives for a long time. This paper addresses the effects of the informal economy on the relationship between financial development and economic growth, using a panel data covering 20 countries during the period 1993–2020. The results show that financial development, as measured by the IMF’s Financial Development Index, is positively associated with economic growth (the coefficient α1 related to financial development fd is positive and statistically significant at 5%). The results also show that large sizes of the informal economy moderate the influence of this association (α1 remains positive and statistically significant at 1%, while the coefficient α2 related to the interaction between financial development and informal economy, fd and ie, is negative and statistically significant at 1%). In effect, financial development has the greatest impact on economic growth whenever there is control over the informal economy’s size. Inversely, a favorable ground for the informal economy limits the positive association between financial development and economic growth. However, the results show the absence of a causality relationship between financial development and economic growth (W-bar = 1.0015 and Z-bar = 0.0048; p-value = 0.9980). The informal economy plays no role in making this type of link significant (W-bar = 0.9761 and Z-bar = -0.0756; p-value = 0.9520).
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19

Jarwal, Devendra, and Anju Kahal. "Informal Economy: Why First- Generation Entrepreneurs Prefer it over Formal Economy?" Shanlax International Journal of Economics 10, no. 3 (June 1, 2022): 14–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/economics.v10i3.4814.

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Generally, there is a dominance of informal economy across all over the world economies and particularly in respect of first-generation entrepreneurs. We know that a formal economy is essential for comprehensive and inclusive economic development yet third world countries are mostly dominated by the prevalence of informal economy rendering slower economic growth. The present study determines the factors attracting or supporting first-generation entrepreneurs to operate under the informal economy and therefore, the objective of this study is to identify and examine such factors. The data was collected through the survey and to test the significance of variables of the hypothesis we have employed the chi-square test χ2. The study will help the policymakers to enhance the quantum of the formal economy and make suitable policies to discourage the informal economy. The findings of the study conclude that first-generation entrepreneurs do prefer the informal economy over the formal economy due to the various reasons predominantly cost efficiency in the informal sector, urbanisation based retail trade, easy entry and exit, low capital requirement, non-compliance of procedural laws, exclusive control in case of locally operated businesses, etc.
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20

Schneider, Friedrich. "In the Shadow of the State - the Informal Economy and Informal Economy Labor Force." DANUBE: Law and Economics Review 5, no. 4 (February 2, 2015): 227–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/danb-2014-0013.

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Abstract In this paper, the main focus lies on the informal economy and on work in the shadow. The most influential factors on the informal economy are tax policies and state regulation. The size of the informal economy was decreasing over the period 1999 to 2007, from 34.0% to 31.2% for 161 countries (unweighted average). Furthermore, economic opportunities, taxes and regulations, the general situation on the labor market, and unemployment are crucial for an understanding of the dynamics of the shadow labor force. In contrast with the decrease of the informal economy (value added figures), the informal economy labor force increased for most countries over the period 1999 to 2007.
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21

Stan, Lavinia, and Florica Stefanescu. "PRO AND AGAINST INFORMAL ECONOMY." Oradea Journal of Business and Economics 3, no. 2 (September 2018): 78–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.47535/1991ojbe053.

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The informal economy is a reality that influences the lives of people directly at the planetary level.The term "informal economy" is used to include all workers and businesses in rural or urban areas working in the informal environment. It is emphasized that informal employees are not able to be recognized and defended by the legal regulations in force.The global changes in the field of information and communication technologies have generated increased labor market competitiveness. Under these circumstances, there has been a more flexible relationship between employees and employers. The main purpose of the article is to examine the pros and cons of the informal economy. Knowing these arguments can be a source of effective measures aimed at counteracting the negative effects that such activities may have.Simultaneously encompasses a theoretical approach to the informal economy, describing areas where it is highlighted, the factors that generate it, its dimensions, the theories put forward by the various economically-specific schools describing this concept, research methods.
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22

Bezo, Ylber. "INFORMAL ECONOMY AND LAW REGULATION." European Journal of Economics and Management Sciences, no. 4 (2020): 30–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.29013/ejems-20-4-30-33.

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23

Wang, Ziao. "Informal Economy and Institutional Quality." BCP Business & Management 18 (April 13, 2022): 18–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.54691/bcpbm.v18i.530.

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This paper examines the relationship between different dimensions of institutional quality and informal sector size using a large dataset covering 140 countries. It included the most recent data (from the year 2019) of informal sector size (measured as a percent of GDP) and several different institutional quality variables, which include corruption control, law and order, bureaucracy quality, military in politics, democratic accountability, ethnic tensions, and religious tensions. A simple correlation analysis indicates that the correlation of informality with law and order, corruption control, bureaucracy quality, and military in politics is most significant. These results help to identify which dimensions of institutional quality are more relevant to account for the variation in the informal sector size.
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24

Fracasso, Andrea, Giuseppe Vittucci Marzetti, and Diego Coletto. "Informal economy and extractive institutions." Review of Economics and Institutions 9, no. 1 (July 13, 2018): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5202/rei.v9i1.240.

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25

Barsukova, Svetlana. "Informal Economy: Definition and Structure." Journal of Economic Sociology 4, no. 4 (2003): 15–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.17323/1726-3247-2003-4-15-36.

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26

Crichlow, Michaeline. "Reconfiguring the "Informal Economy" Divide." Latin American Perspectives 25, no. 2 (March 1998): 62–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0094582x9802500204.

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27

Walker, Dulcie Faure. "The informal economy in prison." Criminal Justice Matters 99, no. 1 (March 2015): 18–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09627251.2015.1026564.

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28

Williams, Colin C., and Alvaro Martinez. "Entrepreneurship in the Informal Economy." International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation 15, no. 4 (November 2014): 227–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5367/ijei.2014.0162.

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Over the past decade or so, two competing theoretical perspectives have arisen that explain participation in informal entrepreneurship as resulting from either too little or too much state intervention. To evaluate these competing explanations critically, the authors report on a 2012 UK survey of 595 small business owners. Twenty per cent of these owners said that they had traded informally when starting up their ventures, and the authors examine and evaluate their reasons for doing so. It was found that 41% of the entrepreneurs attributed their off-the-books trading to too little state intervention (for example, a lack of government advice and support), 35% to too much intervention (burdensome red tape, high taxes, etc) and 24% to a mix of both factors. However, a multivariate analysis displays significant socio-demographic, firm-level and regional variations in the reasons. The outcome is a call to move towards more nuanced context-bound explanations of entrepreneurship in the informal economy.
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29

ROBERTS, BRYAN. "Informal Economy and Family Strategies." International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 18, no. 1 (March 1994): 6–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2427.1994.tb00248.x.

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30

Chatterjee, Santanu, and Stephen J. Turnovsky. "Remittances and the informal economy." Journal of Development Economics 133 (July 2018): 66–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2018.02.002.

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31

Sawhney, Tanush. "Informal Economy and Spending Shares." International Journal of High School Research 5, no. 4 (August 31, 2023): 107–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.36838/v5i4.19.

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32

Samper, Jota, and Erika Andrade. "Circular Economy in Informal Settlements." Technology|Architecture + Design 7, no. 2 (July 3, 2023): 293–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/24751448.2023.2246806.

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33

Ojima, Davis. "Informal Economy and Poverty Reduction." African Journal of Management and Business Research 15, no. 1 (May 31, 2024): 55–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.62154/m7qmrz62.

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The study investigated the role of informal economy and poverty reduction in selected business activities in Ogba/Egbema/Ndoni Local Government Area of Rivers State. 140 structured questionnaires were distributed across various business types in the local government out of which 120 were retrieved. The informal sector or grey economy is a business activity that falls outside the formally recognized enterprise engagement not accounted for in the National Gross Domestic Product. As result of the nature of the businesses, it becomes difficult for authorities to hold them for taxation. The study employed the primary data source for information which was a subject of combined descriptive and Ordinary Least Square analytical econometric technique. It employed the SPSS Package for the Management Sciences and Business. The analysis revealed a positive correlation between multidimensional poverty index and family size and monthly consumption among other variables employed in the survey. The findings established the necessity for infrastructural development in the rural areas, educational improvement and adequate finding or accessibility to capital among others. It, therefore, recommended the deliberate policy of government to improve the provision of basic amenities in rural areas, enhance the education facilities to cater for the needs of those in the rural areas and promote access to credit facilities.
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34

Khan, Rohina, Nadeem Iqbal, and Aisha Rehman. "Estimation and Causes of Informal Economy in Pakistan." Global Political Review IX, no. IV (November 12, 2024): 12–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2024(ix-iv).02.

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This study purposes to estimate the Pakistan’s informal economy by indirect methods and estimate the causes behind the informal economy. Ordinary least square is used for estimation of causes behind the informal economy. From GDP approach, conclude that informal economy is increasing while employment approach shows decreasing informal economy. The estimated result shows tax evasion is the main reason behind the informal economy in Pakistan. In our study, particular implications of the informal economy are identified. Informal economy plays a main role in income inequality and reducing the poverty. It limits implementing the operative public policy. The government should make such policies to control the informal economy and increasing tax evasion and corruption. If government formalize the informal economy by registering them at low cost, make the registration process easier and lower the amount of taxes imposed on them, the country’s growth will be doubled.
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35

Carretero Ares, José Luis, Begoña Cueva Oliver, Asunción Vidal Martínez, María Vicenta Rigo Martínez, and José Rafael Lobato Cañón. "The informal economy: an occupational health issue." Archivos de Prevención de Riesgos Laborales 20, no. 1 (January 15, 2017): 30–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.12961/aprl.2017.20.01.5.

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36

Sweidan, Osama. "Economic Freedom and the Informal Economy." Global Economy Journal 17, no. 4 (May 31, 2017): 20170002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/gej-2017-0002.

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This paper empirically investigates the effect of economic freedom on the informal economies in a sample of 112 countries over the period 2000–2007. We employ two methodologies: fixed effect and the GMM models. We find a statistically significant negative relationship between economic freedom and the informal economy. This conclusion indicates that the nature of the economic system plays an important role in seizing the informal economy. Further, our results demonstrate that the formal and informal economies are substitutes. The policy implication is that economies with high share of informal economy should work with fewer economic restrictions.
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37

Banwo, Adeleke O., and Bola Momoh. "The Contextual Dimensions of Informal Economy and Entrepreneurship." Management & Economics Research Journal 4, no. 2 (September 5, 2022): 63–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.48100/merj.2022.228.

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This study investigates the global dynamics of the informal economy and the need for the coexistence of both the informal and formal economy. Developing and developed countries are beset with various forms of social and economic problems such as unemployment, poverty levels, informal jobs, and global issues. Informal Entrepreneurship remains a focal means to reduce unemployment and create jobs in many economies. Using the Institutional theory, the dynamics of informal economy and entrepreneurship were investigated using a qualitative approach and secondary data from the International Labour Organization and Women in Informal Employment: Globalizing and Organizing datasets. The findings depict the need to ensure that both the informal and formal economy coexist well rather than merging them due to their interwoven nature. This calls for the adoption of a system and holistic perspective for studying facets of informal-formal entrepreneurship in different contexts Informal economy and informal entrepreneurship are essential for the reduction of global unemployment and development of innovation in the value chain in their contexts. Globally, informal economy and informal entrepreneurship provide safety nets, a source of livelihood, and pay informal levies that contribute to economic growth and development. The study shows how informal entrepreneurship contributes to the business environment. The contextual evidence from the literature justifies the necessity for informal entrepreneurship and the economy due to the interplay of imperfect market conditions, institutional voids, entrepreneurial behavior, and local business dynamics.
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38

Sharma, Bishnu Prasad, and Dipak Bahadur Adhikari. "Informal Economy and Poverty Dynamics: A Review." Quest Journal of Management and Social Sciences 2, no. 1 (May 19, 2020): 130–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/qjmss.v2i1.29028.

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Background: The informal economy is an important phenomenon in developing countries. In recent years there has been an increasing policy interest in the informal economy and its poverty dynamics. Objective: This paper explores the relationship between the informal economy and poverty through literature review of internet based open access resources published from 2000 to 2019. Method: Many empirical studies in our review have shown that informal employment has a causal impact on household poverty. This paper seeks to evaluate how informal economy through the theoretical lens applied to real world problems and explore the potential value of empirical evidences in progressing new understandings of the linkage between informal economy and poverty. Findings: Informal economy is the main source of livelihood for marginalized and poor and earnings from this sector have had a strong impact on the household livelihood. It is important that policymakers recognize the informal economy as a positive contribution to poverty, especially in countries where formal economic activities are less in operation. Conclusions: This study identifies the role of informal economy in poverty dynamics and important policy debates which provide directions to improve the quality and consistency for future research.
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39

McCann, Leo. "The informal economy and the informal state in Tatarstan, Russia." International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy 20, no. 9/10 (October 2000): 5–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01443330010789214.

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40

Arbex, Marcelo, Ricardo Freguglia, and Flavia Chein. "Informal economy and spatial mobility: are informal workers economic refugees?" Journal of Economic Studies 40, no. 5 (October 28, 2013): 671–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jes-08-2011-0104.

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41

Rogerson, Christian M. "‘Second economy’ versus informal economy: A South African affair." Geoforum 38, no. 6 (November 2007): 1053–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2007.01.005.

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42

Visser, M. Anne. "A floor to exploitation? Social economy organizations at the edge of a restructuring economy." Work, Employment and Society 31, no. 5 (April 1, 2016): 782–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0950017016638020.

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Despite research documenting social economy organizations (SEOs) as important labour market intermediaries in the informal economy, the impact of these organizations on employment outcomes experienced by workers engaged in these labour markets is relatively unknown. This article analyses the impact of day labour worker centres on employment outcomes experienced in the informal day labour economy of the United States. Using data from the National Day Labour Survey, findings indicate that these organizations improve working conditions for day labourers and suggest the potential for SEOs to regulate employment processes within the informal economy. However increasing the regulatory capacity of SEOs will require addressing larger political and socioeconomic contexts in which the informal economy is embedded.
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43

Chen, Mingqin, Xuzhu Liu, and Jianyu Xiong. "The Dilemmas and Improvement Strategies of China’s Informal Economy in the Post Epidemic Era." SHS Web of Conferences 188 (2024): 02007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202418802007.

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This research explores the development trend of the informal economy after the Covid-19 pandemic and the ways to avoid the increase informal economy. The paper discusses the development process of the informal economy, the difficulties it faces, and the causes of its emergence. Based on the detailed analysis of the current situation of informal economy and its possible impact on society, this paper points out that solutions should be implemented from the perspectives of government, enterprises and individuals, which prevent the informal economy from growing at an uncontrollable rate. For example, once the government’s five insurance policies are formulated and laws and regulations are publicized; And the way enterprises treat new technical talents have affected the informal economy to some extent. The research of this paper will increase the understanding and attention of the society to the informal economy. Providing some substantial improvement strategies for the current informal economic system will help more people benefit from the regulated economic system.
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44

Bentkowska, Katarzyna. "Informal institutions in the circular economy." Economics and Environment 89, no. 2 (June 27, 2024): 755. http://dx.doi.org/10.34659/eis.2024.89.2.755.

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The paper adopts a perspective of institutional economics rarely used in environmental issues and aims to identify and evaluate informal institutions determining the transition towards the circular economy. Without informal institutions supporting changes, formal regulations will not serve their purpose well and will not achieve the intended objectives. The identified informal institutions comprise recognition of environmental problems, belief in the environmental impact of one's actions, willingness to make an effort to close cycles, and trust in the reliability of other actors’ environmental commitment. Consumers are the ultimate product and service users, and their attitudes significantly determine the circular transition, so the CAWI survey was conducted among them. The results indicate that the identified informal institutions do not support circular transitions sufficiently. Significant changes in informal institutions are required to support the transition.
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45

Mihajlovic, Ivan, and Dragana Trnavac. "FINANCIAL ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF THE INFORMAL ECONOMY ON THE ECONOMY OF SERBIA AND EUROPEAN COUNTRIES." MEST Journal 11, no. 1 (January 15, 2023): 90–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.12709/mest.11.11.01.08.

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In this paper, the authors point out the informal economy of the Republic of Serbia and European countries as the biggest problem for every country. The following is the share of industries as well as the gross domestic product of nations. They are reasons why the informal economy is so ubiquitous as well as the idea that it is necessary to decrease it. The paper deals with research aimed at determination of the impact of the informal economy, in which sector of the economy it has the biggest, why it persists, and financial losses because of the informal economy. The paper discusses secondary damages due to the informal economy and the causes of why they go on. The paper also analyzes the influence of the shadow economy on the EU and OECD countries’ GDPs. The authors discuss why the informal economy persists and what measures should be taken to prevent or at least reduce it.
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46

Lou, Xiaofan, Hongyu An, and Fengyu Guo. "A Comparison of the Characteristics of Informal Economy between Developing and Developed Countries and the Experience and Reference of China: A Case Study of Malaysia and Singapore." Journal of Economics, Finance and Accounting Studies 6, no. 4 (August 6, 2024): 20–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/jefas.2024.6.4.3.

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As China continues to urbanise, the size of the informal economy in the country is also increasing, creating numerous governance issues. This thesis explores the differences between developing and developed countries by comparing the characteristics of the informal economy in Malaysia and Singapore. A literature study was used to analyze the size and characteristics of the informal economy in the two countries. It is found that despite the commonalities, there are significant differences between the two countries' informal economies in terms of development stages and policy implications. This study provides valuable experience and lessons for the governance of the informal economy in China, emphasising the impact of government policies and socio-cultural factors on the informal economy, and it also provides important insights into the effective governance of the informal economy in developing countries.
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47

Shapland, Joanna, and Jason Heyes. "How close are formal and informal work?" International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy 37, no. 7/8 (July 11, 2017): 374–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijssp-06-2016-0071.

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Purpose Recent changes in the UK to the regulation and modes of work in the formal and informal economies are considered. Research in this field has tended to remain in silos (treating formal economy working conditions separately from research on the informal economy). The question is whether the means of work and benefits to the worker for formal and informal work are now as different as the former images of formal and informal economy work imply under a “jobs-for-life” economy. The purpose of this paper is to consider whether the current aim of government regulation of the informal economy – to formalise it – is actually of benefit to workers, as might be supposed. Design/methodology/approach This paper considers recent research findings on the formal and informal economy, using official government statistics for the UK and more detailed European studies on the informal economy. Findings This paper argues that formal employment in the UK is becoming more casualised, with less associated benefits to employees. Though it is still of benefit to the state to formalise informal work (to increase tax take), some of the links between formalisation and a good working environment for workers are being broken, which may lead to the informal economy becoming more popular and requiring different priorities in its regulation. Originality/value This paper argues that we need to change our assumptions and image of work in the formal economy, compared to that in the informal economy.
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48

Khan, Rohina, Nadeem Iqbal, and Aisha Rehman. "Estimation of Informal Economy in Pakistan through Monetary Approach." Global Political Review IX, no. III (November 11, 2024): 85–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2024(ix-iii).09.

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This study purposes to estimate Pakistan's informal economy by monetary methods. Ordinary least square is used for estimation. From the monetary approach, we conclude that the informal economy is increasing. In our study, particular implications of the informal economy are identified and conferred to accomplish and achieve the goal of continuous growth and progression of a country. The informal economy plays a main role in income inequality and reducing poverty. It limits the implementation of the operative public policy. The government should make such policies to control the informal economy and increase tax evasion.
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Morkunas, Mangirdas. "Measuring the Level of the Youth Informal Economy in Lithuania in 2004–2020." Economies 10, no. 11 (November 6, 2022): 275. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/economies10110275.

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This paper investigates the development of the youth informal economy in Lithuania in 2004–2020. Specific youth-tailored multiple indicators multiple causes (MIMIC) model has been derived in order to estimate the level of the youth informal economy. In total, 173 direct phone interviews with company managers were conducted in order to acquire information for the MIMIC model calibration. It was revealed that during the investigated period, the youth informal economy fluctuated between 38.7% and 46.1% and was significantly higher compared with the overall informal economy in Lithuania. Although showing a strong correlation level (0.742) the overall informal economy within the country and the youth informal economy show slightly different developmental paths, the latter being more prone to higher increases during a crisis period.
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50

Elgin, Ceyhun, and Oguz Oztunali. "Institutions, Informal Economy, and Economic Development." Emerging Markets Finance and Trade 50, no. 4 (July 2014): 145–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2753/ree1540-496x500409.

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