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1
Rosario, Cabral Sina Del. "Garbage housing in informal settlements." Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61296.
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The recycling of consumer items and their use as building materials have long been recognized by researchers and scholars in studies of informal settlements. There they are used as substitutes to traditional materials for walls and roofs, scarce or unaffordable in urban areas. However, they are also used as a means to repair or protect dilapidated materials and building components.<br>Recycled consumer items are neither accepted nor regarded as standard building materials. Nevertheless, builders continue to use them, recognizing the existence of a market where they are regarded as alternative materials in housing. The use of these materials is defined by the users' needs and priorities. However, the decision-making process also depends on availability in the market, opportunity cost of the products, the performance of each material and its perceived aesthetic and social value within the community. In the process their use has created complex supply networks that deliver building materials according to local supply and demand.<br>Based on a field study, this thesis presents the recycled consumer items used for the provision of housing in a squatter settlement. All the recycled non-conventional materials found are recorded according to their uses in the dwelling units, classified according to building types. Later on these materials are classified and analyzed according to their properties, their provision and acquisition.
2
KATURIC, IVANA. "Informal housing in the framework of housing and welfare systems in post-communist croatia." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/133497.
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The object of this thesis is informal construction in South-East European countries during the post-communist transition, in particular the analysis of the metropolitan area of the city of Split. We will approach the issue of informal construction as a complex path-dependent phenomenon that cannot be separated from the social conditions, which generated it, nor from the institutional context in which it is embedded.
In this thesis, we first discuss the transition of the welfare model in post-communist countries and highlight the specific characteristics of Croatia. Attention is paid to the different ways in which the diverse housing systems, as part of wider welfare systems, influence the phenomena of informal construction. The analysis is conducted at the city level in order to define informal construction in relation to the housing provision.
Secondly, we address the problem of the definition of informal construction by looking at the following variable: ownership over land, the relation to the land use regulation, legality of the built object and its expansion, the current use of the object, permanency of the residence and as the last feature, whether it is built through the self promotion. A typology of informal construction is built and is tested in a survey of different neighborhood of the city of Split.
Thirdly, a survey is carried out on the different typologies of informal construction. The focus of the survey is on the ways in which different social groups in the society benefit or are damaged by the phenomenon of informal construction and on the different possibilities and paths to the legalization process. An additional outcome is a refinement of the typology for further research on the topic of informal construction.
3
Eriksson, Kenneth Kaj Gustaf. "Umeå Castle 2020 : Housing complex for an informal competition." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Arkitekthögskolan vid Umeå universitet, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-171669.
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Lloyd, Ainsley Marie. "THE INFORMAL HOUSING ECONOMY IN CUBA: PROSPECTS FOR PRIVATIZATION." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/192536.
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Mohamed, Kamal El Sayed Ibrahim Azza. "Morphological themes of informal housing in Colonias: impacts of sociocultural identity on Webb County housing form." Texas A&M University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/4301.
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Informal settlements are a form of housing found in many parts of the world. Self-help housing in
informal settlements has different influences that are denoted in the customs and preferences of the
residents, which in turn, are reflected on the elements of house exteriors as well as its interior. Colonias in
the U.S-Mexico border region are a model of informal settlements. The purpose of this study is to analyze
the social and cultural influences on housing fronts in Webb County Colonias. The study focuses on
investigating traditional features, vernacular forms, building rituals, and social features as they relate to the
morphology of house fronts and their production. The housing model of Geddes and Bertalanffy explained
by Turner (1972) was the premise of establishing the argument of this study. A mixed-method approach
was used in data gathering from the following three Colonias: Los Altos, Larga Vista, and Rio Bravo.
Utilized methods included image-based research through systematic random sampling of housing fronts in
the Colonias, as well as a group-administered structured survey distributed during community monthly
gathering for food distribution. The development of the research process and methodology incorporated
the input of the local community and local leaders and volunteers assisted in its implementation.
The study concluded that past and present experiences of Colonias residents have intense impacts on
different aspects contributing to the themes comprising the morphology of Colonias housing fronts.
A classical pattern of migration as well as maintained contact and continuous dialogue between residents
and their kin were found to result in preserving the inherent native culture of the Coloniasâ residents and
can thus be considered as core elements. This preservation of native culture was indicated by utilization
of semi-private space, traditional roof forms, privacy and security elements, and building rituals. The
study also identified additional secondary modified elements, represented by the lack of gates utilization as a measure of security. These core and modified elements coincide with the Geddes and Bertalanffy model
and therefore it can be deduced that this model can be applied in the case of the Colonias.
6
Tinsley, Elaine A. (Elaine Ann). "Mechanics of informal land and housing markets : a theoretical exposition." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/70293.
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Xali, Nomawethu. "Community participation in housing development : the Boystown informal settlement project." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1679.
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Thesis (MPA (School of Public Management and Planning))--University of Stellenbosch, 2005.<br>One of the problems with development planning is a lack of community
participation. This is due to the top-down approach that dominates development
planning. To improve chances of sustainable development there is a need to
shift from a top-down approach towards a bottom-up approach. The bottom-up
approach promotes people-centred development. People-centred development
focuses on people and enhances their capacity to influence the direction and
implementation of the development process. Communities can only influence the
development process through their participation.
International bodies such as the United Nations and the World Bank support the
concept of community participation in development planning. The South African
policy framework also provides for community participation. The change agents
should utilise this opportunity by sharing knowledge and by learning from the
indigenous knowledge of the community. This knowledge exchange between the
community and the change agents creates a platform for social learning, capacity
building and empowerment. It is through this platform that sustainable
development could be achieved. This kind of development process
accommodates the building blocks of development.
This study examines the level of community participation in a housing
development project at the Boystown informal settlement. It was found that there
is a lack of community participation in this project and that the project could be a
success if there is a higher level of participation by the beneficiaries.
8
Tredoux, Marius (Marius Jacobus). "Informal housing in Cape Town : delivery, formalization and stakeholder viewpoints." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2977.
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Thesis (MPhil (Sociology and Social Anthropology))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009.<br>The City of Cape Town is estimated to host approximately three million people. Of those
three million, it is also estimated that 22 percent are living in what could be considered
informal dwellings. In 2000, one of the United Nations Millennium Development Declaration
goals for 2020 was ‘to have achieved a significant improvement in the lives of at least 100
million slum dwellers as proposed in the Cities without slums initiative.’ The South African
government took this initiative on board and has set a goal of eradicating all informal
settlements in South Africa by 2014. There is thus a process of formalization currently taking
place in South Africa. In Cape Town however, there is currently a backlog of between
300 000 to 400 000 households and this number is growing
The issue of housing delivery, not only in Cape Town, but world-wide, is an aspect that
attracts lots of discussion. The viewpoints on how to approach formal urban housing delivery
vary from a state-led approach, to a more participatory process, to rental options, or even that
informal settlements should be left as they are, as part of a city’s social fabric. But why do
these viewpoints differ? And how do these divergent viewpoints influence approaches to
housing delivery? In this study I will answer, ‘How stakeholders in the housing delivery
process view informal settlements, and when there are divergent viewpoints, why do they
differ’? Four groups of stakeholders in Cape Town were identified, namely government
officials, contractors/developers, researchers and residents of informal settlements. Interviews
were conducted with the stakeholders on an individual level except for the residents of
informal settlements where focus groups where held in two informal settlements.
9
Baralt, Jessica Isabella. "Housing La Habana Vieja: Reframing the Formal and Informal Vernacular." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/78218.
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The design of housing in an urban fabric designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site requires consideration of the historic character and how each building contributes to the streetscape. Beyond the facade, one discovers the unique story of each parcel through the transformations that its residents have enacted over many centuries in order to accommodate greater density and the evolution of family structures. One might even find a record of building periods following a hurricane, for example, inscribed by hand on a column in the shared patio for the collective memory of current and future tenants. These transformations are almost all realized through self-effort construction and are a community-building exercise. Unfortunately, the paradox that accompanies the informal typologies to construct additional housing is destructive more often than not. The additions to and division of the highly articulated residential architecture in Havana have a pervasive impact on the building structure and exacerbates the decay of the built environment. The formal typologies established to define thresholds and transition between public and private spaces are as much a part of the social landscape as the informal insertions. Housing la Habana Vieja calls for a reconciliation of the architectural heritage with contemporary building attitudes in its design for multi-family housing in the historic city center of Cuba.
This project addresses the housing crisis in Havana and proposes a resolution that is suited to the "economy of means, both material and aesthetic,"to appropriate the design philosophy of Cuban-American architect Belmont Freeman. The context investigates the underpinnings of housing attitudes by identifying milestones and gaining perspective from dialogue with the residents of la Habana Vieja. Documenting the formal and informal typologies allowed for a comparison of both their spatial implications and their performance, or function. The design proposal explores the intersection of these typologies to manifest the social behaviors and cultural values in the definition of shared and private space. The formal typologies engage the transitional qualities of space by layering building elements as thresholds to private realms. The informal typologies are engaged in the construction of habitable space by activating the immediate built environment through the addition and multiplication of planes. To design at the corner of the past and present is to preserve the vernacular and brandish the opportunities that the future holds for Housing la Habana Vieja.<br>Master of Architecture
10
Mulder, Idelette. "Realizing the right to housing." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/78584.
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In the South African context, the number of informal
settlements are increasing. A problem arises when
one observes the conditions that informal settlers
are forced to live in, which are diminishing livelihoods
and do not fulfill basic human needs. Informal
settlements are described as parts of a city that
have been neglected and that have been illegally
occupied by the urban poor (Huchzermeyer 2006:2).
South Africa is currently experiencing a major housing
backlog and sometimes the houses that are provided
don’t satisfy human needs. It is important to
provide elements that will improve the livelihoods
of the residents. Thus, the aim is to provide people
with elements that not only provide protection
against natural elements but also make a positive
contribution to the livelihoods of the residents.<br>Mini Dissertation (MArch (Prof))--University of Pretoria, 2020.<br>Architecture<br>MArch (Prof)<br>Unrestricted
11
Jikazana, Mzobanzi Elliot. "Living condition in informal settlements: the case of Imizamo Yethu informal settlement in Cape Town, South Africa." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1016213.
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The study examines the issue of living conditions in informal settlements, using the case study of Imizamo Yethu informal settlement in Cape Town. Affordability, lack of space, job related issues, a relatively small formal housing stock available in many urban centres, and deregulation, in terms of both access to land and finance, forced lower income groups to seek accommodation in informal settlements. Here people are exposed to unhealthy living conditions. The study reveals that living in informal settlements often poses significant health risks. Sanitation, food storage facilities and drinking water quality are often poor, with the result that inhabitants are exposed to a wide range of pathogens and houses may act as breeding grounds for insect vectors. In informal settlements people often live in temporary homes constructed with impermanent, basic materials. These inhabitants frequently have little option but to live on marginal land (flood plains or steep slopes, for example), with the consequence that they are the first to suffer the effects of cyclones and floods. In addition, a combination of overcrowding, the use of open fires and flammable buildings leads to danger from accidental fires, burns and scalding. The post-apartheid South African government has tried a number of housing initiatives to help alleviate the housing problem since 1994 when it came to power. These have included the Botshabelo Accord (1994), the Housing White Paper in 1995, the National Urban and Reconstruction Housing Agency in 1995, the Housing Subsidy Scheme in 1995, the Housing Act No. 107 of 1997 and the Policy on People’s Housing Process (1998). The government set itself a target of delivering one million houses within five years. By all indications the government did not fully comprehend the gravity of the problem in relation to available resources. In 2004, the Department of Housing declared its intention to eradicate informal settlements in South Africa by 2014. This followed the unprecedented housing backlog, proliferation of informal settlements, social exclusion and the inability of municipalities to provide basic infrastructure to urban poor households. However, despite these bold interventions by government, the study demonstrates that the provision of low-cost housing can be viewed as a wicked problem. Wicked problems are described to be “ill-defined, ambiguous, and associated with strong moral, political and professional issues”. The study, therefore, concludes that given the complexities surrounding the provision of low-cost housing in South Africa, the government’s ambitions to resolve housing backlogs by 2014 appear to be a far-fetched dream.
12
Diaz, Ruiz Claudia E. (Claudia Esperanza). "Formal informal sector responses for housing low-income people in Colombia." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/65696.
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Chitengi, Howard S. "Deriving lessons for urban planning and housing delivery from the resilience of informal housing systems in Zambia." Thesis, University of Dundee, 2015. https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/a0f283ed-de59-4b8f-89d8-5380a9b919ae.
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The study explores the factors that sustain urban informal housing resilience to draw lessons for enhancement of housing provision. This is in response to the challenge in housing provision evidenced in the burgeoning informal housing delivery system that characterise most developing countries. Using a case study approach, involving two informal settlements in Lusaka City, Zambia, the study examines the push and pull factors that influence the resilience. This is premised on the argument that identification of the factors sustaining the resilience holds the key to making the planning system reflective of the context in which housing needs, demands and access abilities are embedded. To this end, grounded on both literature and empirical interrogations, the study shows informal housing resilience is sustained by several factors of which the following are pertinent. The study demonstrates regulatory frameworks, land property rights, contractual practices and fiscal policies which shape the general context of housing development to be influencing factors of the informal housing resilience. In this regard, the study suggests provision of housing that meets the needs of different groups and attainment of sustainable neighbourhoods, can mainly be reached through flexibilities in standards and adaptive governance approach that blend in social-cultural financing and contractual practices, building methods, innovations and land delivery systems. Besides the study shows informal housing resilience to be sustained by urban planning frameworks which are not amenable to contemporary approaches like partnerships, participation, collaborations and decentralisation for housing finance provision. In this view the study suggests new changes and approaches to housing governance anchored on these planning principles. The study further shows that informal housing resilience is influenced by location and internal structuring of residential areas which are incompatible with local dwelling contexts. Accordingly, the study demonstrates the common strategies of eviction, demolitions or relocations employed by planners and policy makers as a display of obliviousness to the realities that make people reside in particular localities considered ‘unauthorised’. In regard of this, the study suggests new changes and approaches to the planning of human settlements to include adaptation of local and social-cultural dwelling contexts and proximity concerns in lay out plans and patterns.
14
Nwankama, Nwankama Wosu. "The use of outdoor spaces in an informal settlement in Metropolitan Aba /." Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=69778.
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In spite of its spontaneous and improvised character, the informal sector has provided virtually the only appropriate housing, in terms of the organization of the outdoor space, for the urban poor of the developing countries. Through an analysis of the outdoor spaces in Eziukwu-Aba, a low-income and informal settlement in Aba, Nigeria, this thesis investigates the organization and mode of use of outdoor spaces, in relation to the day-to-day activities of the urban poor. It focuses on the patterns of outdoor spaces, the categories of activities found in them and the periods of time of the occurrence of the activities.<br>The findings of this study are compared with those of earlier studies, and the broader implications of these findings on contemporary low-income urban housing in the developing countries are briefly outlined. This study posits that for the urban low-income group of the developing countries, (a) usable space takes precedence over aesthetics and permanence and (b) housing and environmental quality in terms of construction standards are of little significance, compared with employment.
15
Stevens, Lucy. "Informal settlements in Gauteng : social differentiation and the impact of housing policy." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.248984.
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Van, Staden Jan-Willem. "The sustainability of current housing strategies with specific reference to informal settlement." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52028.
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Assignment (MA ) -- University of Stellenbosch, 2000.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Informal settlements are a common feature of the urban landscape in contemporary
South Africa and constitute one of the biggest challenges to urban planning and
management at present. The political and legislative changes over the past decade have
altered the approach to the management of informal settlements.
This study starts out by examining the global trends and theory of urbanization, with
special focus on the Third World. The various legal and policy frameworks relating to
informal settlement and housing, as well as the implications thereof on urban
management, are also examined. The assignment then proceeds to analyze the
applicability and effectiveness of structured, formalized planning with regard to the
management of informal settlement.
The said analysis is followed by recommendations for the management of informal
settlement, based on the preceding chapters. These recommendations suggest the
following:
Planners and authorities should be more proactive m planning for informal
settlements.
The applicability of individualized services should be reconsidered due to
affordability and the inability of individualized facilities to cater for high levels
of immigration. The study finally exanunes current strategies employed within the Cape Metropolitan
Area, with special reference to the "Fast Tracking" process applied by the Helderberg
Municipality.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: lnformele nedersettings is 'n algemene gesig in die stedelike landskap van Suid-Afrika
en is tans een van die grootste uitdagings in die veld van beplanning. Die politieke en
wetlike veranderinge oor die afgelope dekade het groot veranderinge in die benadering
en bestuur van inforrnele vestiging tot gevolg gehad.
Die werkstuk begin deur die huidige globale neigings en teoriee oor verstedeliking aan te
spreek, met spesifieke verwysing na die Derde Wereld. Die verskeie wetlike- en beleidsraamwerke
waarin inforrnele vestiging en behuising gereguleer word, asook die
implikasies daarvan, word ook bestudeer. Die werkstuk analiseer ook vervolgens die
toepaslikheid en effektiviteit van gestruktureerde en geforrnaliseerde beplanning ten
opsigte van inforrnele vestiging.
Die genoemde analise word gevolg deur sekere voorstelle wat gemaak word aangaande
die bestuur van inforrnele vestiging. Hierdie voorstelle sluit die volgende in:
Beplanners en owerhede moet meer pro-aktief wees ten opsigte van bestuur en
beplanning van inforrnele vestiging
Die toepaslikheid van dienste, wat fokus op individuele huishoudings, moet
heroorweeg word aangesien dit onbekostigbaar vir beide verbruiker en verskaffer
kan wees. Hierdie dienste is ook rue in staat om die invloei van mense te hanteer
soos gemeenskaplike dienste nie.
Laastens word sekere van die strategiee wat aangewend word in die Kaapse
Metropolitiaanse Area ten opsigte van die bestuur van informele vestiging ook bestudeer, met spesifieke verwysing na die "Fast Tracking" proses soos aangewend deur die
Helderberg Munisipaliteit.
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D, Ambrosio Daniela. "O direito fundamental à moradia digna." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2013. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/6279.
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Previous issue date: 2013-10-23<br>This dissertation presents the right to adequate housing as a fundamental right.
Describes the content of that right, his prediction in the Federal Constitution, in legislation
and in international human rights protection and exposes the gap between these predictions
and reality. Comes from the huge number of people without adequate housing, comprising
spaces characterized by the absence of the state.
Identified are responsible for fulfilling that right and discussed their exposure to
liability, as well as some possible ways of action of public authorities representatives of the
three Powers.
At the end, were brought into consideration three case studies that illustrate the
points made in the theoretical and demonstrate the way in which they conducted some urban
land conflicts<br>Esta dissertação apresenta o direito à moradia digna como um direito
fundamental. Descreve o conteúdo desse direito, a sua previsão na Constituição Federal, na
legislação e nas normas internacionais de proteção dos direitos humanos e expõe a lacuna
existente entre essas previsões e a realidade brasileira. Trata do enorme número de pessoas
sem moradia digna, que compõem espaços caracterizados pela ausência do Estado.
São identificados os responsáveis pela satisfação do direito à moradia digna e
discutidos os limites dessa responsabilidade, bem como algumas possíveis formas de atuação
das autoridades públicas representantes dos três Poderes.
Ao final, foram trazidos para reflexão três casos práticos, que ilustram as
colocações feitas no plano teórico e demonstram o modo pelo qual foram conduzidos alguns
conflitos fundiários urbanos
18
Coccato, Marcelo. "Alternatives to home ownership : rental and shared sub-markets in informal settlements, Resistencia, Argentina." Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=23976.
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Most developing countries have based their housing strategies on ownership. Approaches they have adopted, such as sites and services or upgrading schemes, rely basically on ownership through self-help. Yet, most of these efforts have proved inadequate to cope with the increasing demand for urban housing. In this context, informal settlements seem to provide the cheapest and more 'affordable' ownership options for the poor. Nevertheless, home ownership, even in its squatter form, demands time, investment, and long term commitment; a luxury that some households simply cannot afford.<br>Based on qualitative research conducted in three low income barrios of informal origin, this study looks at the kind of non-ownership-oriented solutions available for the poor in Resistencia a provincial capital in Northeast Argentina. On the demand side, findings suggest that for some households rental or shared housing is the only choice. For others, on the contrary, it seems to be a matter of preference, a way to avoid the chores of ownership. On the supply side, the study unveils a fairly wide spectrum of choices, with options ranging from a bed in a house to rooming houses of up to 15 rooms. While some of the landlords are relatively wealthy, others are just as poor, or poorer than their tenants.<br>Rental and shared alternatives are far from being 'ideal' housing solutions. Under certain conditions, however, they result in reasonable short-term options that, apart from generating extra income for small landlords, contribute to diversify the supply of cheap accommodation for poor households.
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Steeves, Jeannette Frost. "Examination of Universal Design in Kitchens and Bathrooms of the Housing and Urban Development Demonstration Program Elderly Cottage Housing Opportunity." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77131.
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Appropriate housing for the aging American population is a timely topic of research in both housing and gerontology. Universal design is an innovation in housing design that is gaining interest from both industries.
This research examines the effectiveness of universal design features that have been identified by experts in the field of aging, housing, and universal design as important to resident and caregiver participants of the ECHO demonstration housing program.
A national survey was conducted that included all available current residents of the HUD ECHO houses and their caregivers. The relationships between age, effectiveness of universal design features, health and dependency were investigated. Quantitative results include some confounding relationships, and plausible explanations.
A qualitative analysis, based on on-site and telephone interviews, and tape recordings of those interviews with residents and their caregivers, as well as architectural drawings, observation, and photographs of the ECHO houses provided additional details. The qualitative approach indicated that many of the universal design features recommended by the experts consulted satisfactorily met the needs of residents and/or their caregivers. It also revealed, however that some features were not considered important by residents and caregivers, some were not reported as present (when they were documented by the researcher as present), and at least one HUD-specified universal design feature was not provided by ECHO houses.
Another aspect of the qualitative perspective addressed the health of the residents. Health characteristics are presented in the context of their effect on dependency. Phase II dependency task information was compared to that reported in phase I, and improvement and decline was noted.
Conclusions, and Implications that elaborate on findings, and future research is recommended for taking this research to the next level.<br>Ph. D.
20
Hajian, Hanieh. "A toolkit for prioritising interventions in informal settlement upgrades." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/25282.
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Informal settlements are more than just a collection of corrugated iron units. They are not a building type but an urban phenomenon that is prevalent in South Africa due to reasons such as housing backlog (Huchzermeyer, 2010:132) and the need for livelihood (Huchzermeyer, 2011:33). It offers choice, it gives people what they want and it is affordable (Mills, 2012:1). “Informalization is a process where the poor evade rules to produce outcomes that they need, but that are otherwise too controlled for them to reach” (Cross, 2005:3). Urbanisation in South Africa is increasing every day (Mills, 2012:1) and the poor in shacks continue to deliver housing to themselves using informal mechanisms (Cross, 2005:2). There is a need to recognise and appreciate the economic, social and environmental benefits that informal settlements can bring to the urbanisation process (Mills 2012, pp1). Informal housing exists due to the gap in the market where the poor are unable to afford the available kind of housing (Cross, 2005:3). One must understand that formalising the informal does not always have to be through eradication of existing slums according to MDG seven Target 11 (Huchzermeyer, 2011:16) and it can also take place as an in situ upgrading (Huchzermeyer, 2011:30). It can sometimes be an “invisible” form of development of the community which leads to a self-sustaining future upgrade such as project that Nabeel Hamdi pioneered namely ‘the Buffalo Project’ (Hamdi, 2010:106). Sometimes the existing abandoned structures such as a community hall can be reactivated, resulting in an improvement of an area in terms of addressing the needs of the community for a market space (Hamdi, 2010:109) or changing the appearance of an informal settlement resulting in a change in people’s perceptions of the area (Feireiss, 2011:114). In this way the “small change” can grow over time and result in the development of an entire settlement by its own residents. This dissertation explores the importance of the architectural facilitator as the “missing” profession amongst other professionals who are involved with upgrading projects such as architects, engineers, NGOs, government entities, private stakeholders and many more (Hamdi, 2010:96). The architectural facilitator will be able to accommodate the gaps that have been challenging the Upgrade of the informal settlements in South Africa by creating an understanding between the issues that exist in an informal settlement, prioritising the needs and selecting interventions that address the most pressing needs in an informal settlement. The aim is to create a universal understanding of how one can approach the issue of upgrading informal settlements in order to derive a strategic framework that will lead to a long-term sustainable development. A revised toolkit is introduced to guide the decision-makers such as the Architects, government entities or anyone with an understanding of Architecture, to be able to organise their findings in a prioritised manner and implement interventions according to what the priority needs in the context are. The important thing to highlight in this paper is the theoretical importance of livelihoods to the understanding of poverty in the urban context and the implication of these theories in practice (Hamdi, 2010:185). Therefore, designing an upgrade plan and intervention which will be a long-term project, accepted by the community and accommodating the community’s need for livelihood. Topics such as ownership through tenure security and identifying existing nodes of energy are the main focus of this thesis document.<br>Dissertation (MSc (Applied Science) )--University of Pretoria, 2012.<br>Architecture<br>unrestricted
21
Thompson, Alice. "Putting 'accommodating' families in the picture : housing, informal care and secondary student homelessness /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2006. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe19826.pdf.
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Gatabaki-Kamau, Rose. "The politics of an expanding informal housing submarket in Nairobi, Kenya : the informal development of a middle-income settlement, 1961-1993." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.674923.
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Nóbrega, Catarina Vanessa Cardoso de. "A problemática da habitação informal em Luanda." Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa. Faculdade de Arquitetura, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/11696.
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Rao, Mala R. "Builders in the private sector : a case study of Bangalore, India /." This resource online, 1990. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-02162010-020019/.
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Mushumbusi, Medard Zephyrin. "Formal and Informal Practices for Affordable Urban housing : Case study: Dar es Salaam, Tanzania." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Samhällsplanering och miljö, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-31949.
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This thesis attempts to ascertain the magnitude of the urban housingproblem in Tanzania and endeavours to evaluate the strategies that thegovernment has been employing to address this problem. Informal andformal practices in urban housing are compared. The role of networksand power relations are explored and discussed in relation to how theymay facilitate the provision of urban housing. By looking at urbanhousing from a governance perspective, the thesis explores thepotentials for delivery of urban housing A case study is carried out, looking at the housingpractices in urban areas from the perspective of actors and theirinstitutional domains of action. The aim is to ascertain the extent towhich the government, through its policies and through engagement ofother actors, could facilitate the supply of urban housing. The roles ofdifferent actors in the delivery and regulation of urban housing areinvestigated in the process of institutionalizing housing production. The study comprises eight chapters. The first twochapters present an introduction and the conceptual and theoreticalunderpinnings on which the research is based. Chapter three discusseshousing strategies in Tanzania and attempts to evaluate the regulatoryframework within which urban housing is provided. Chapter fourpresents the research methodology. Chapter five discusses findingsfrom the studied documents and findings from interviews with keypersons in the government and in the construction industry. Chaptersix presents findings from the case study areas. Chapter sevendiscusses findings from case study areas and uses findings fromchapter five as corroborating evidence. Chapter eight givesrecommendations including areas for further research. The main outcome of the study is that urban housing isstill far from being satisfactory despite different strategies and landand governance reforms by the government of Tanzania. The formalsystem is weak and the roles of key public actors are still bureaucratic,blurred and sometimes conflicting. As a result, there is littleparticipation of private actors and the civil society in the production ofurban housing. The thesis has found out that informal practices forurban housing tend to complement the weakening capacity of theformal system. However, the thesis argues that although the informalsystem of governance for urban housing is consolidating it proceedswithout being properly guided. Based on these findings, somerecommendations are given for policy intervention, and some areas forfurther/ future research are identified.<br>QC 20110330
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Nziweni, Andy Thabo. "The effects of prevailing attitudes to informal settlements on housing delivery in Cape Town." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2549.
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Thesis (MTech (Architectural Technology))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017.<br>Informal settlements are increasing in the cities of the global South in line with the rapid
rate of urbanisation that is taking place in countries of this region. The growth of informal
settlements in these countries has been exacerbated by factors that are unique to this
region, factors such as scarcity of resources, colonial legacies and rapid urbanisation.
Cape Town, a city that relates to the global South both in terms of geographical location
and socio-economic context, has also seen a rapid growth of informal settlements,
particularly in the last two decades. Like other cities in this region, Cape Town has
ambitions of being regarded as a global city. Global cities are modelled on cities of the
global North such as London, New York and Tokyo. Beyond the economic prestige that is
generally associated with the cities of the global North, the imagery that they conjure up
is also seen as an inspiration to be emulated by cities across the world, and it does not
include informal settlements. As such, informal settlements generate a host of attitudes.
Attitudes towards informal settlements don’t just emanate from political authorities, but
emanate from across the spectrum that constitutes inhabitants and interest groups in
these cities, including the creators of informal settlements themselves. These individuals
and interests, according to their social standing and thus influence, have varying degrees
of agency in the matters related to informal settlements. The aim in this study is to probe
the effect of these attitudes on housing delivery to the poor. Attitudes not only influence
the choice of what is regarded as the norm, but also how any entity that is regarded as
the ‘other’ is evaluated.
Almost without exception, cities that have been characterised by large numbers of
informal settlements have attempted, without success, to eradicate informal settlements
from their urban fabrics. An overarching assumption in this study is that the resilience of
informal settlements says something about their necessity, and the failure by some, to
recognise this necessity or the utilitarian value of informal settlements is influenced by
attitudes.
This research is done by first using a literature review to elucidate on:
• the social condition, that is, the phenomenon of informal settlements,
• the relevant theories applicable to the academic field the thesis is anchored in
(architecture) and other social orders impacting architecture such as modernism,
• the construct of attitudes and its impacts on beliefs, evaluations and perceptions
on the affect of objects.
The Joe Slovo informal settlement is then used as an analytic case study to investigate the
effects of attitudes on the dynamics that have seen the site being transformed into what
had been conceived as a prototype for transforming informal settlements to formal
housing. The study shows that such transformations, although often carried out in the
name of changing the lives of the inhabitants of informal settlements, do not necessarily
entail them remaining at the site post its transformation. In the case of Joe Slovo, it
actually resulted in a sizeable number of the original inhabitants being relocated to a new,
less favourable site.
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Meier, Robert. "Perceptions of Faculty-Student Informal Mentoring Relationships." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2020. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3761.
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Perceptions of Faculty-Student Informal Mentoring Relationship
This qualitative study examined the informal mentoring relationships between faculty and students at two small, faith-based, liberal arts campuses. Perceptions of both faculty and students’ views of informal mentoring were studied. The research questions further explored the factors that encouraged or discouraged faculty-student informal mentoring as well as the role of on-campus faculty housing. Student participants were selected after completing an online survey regarding their perception of connection with professors at the campus location. Faculty participants were selected after completing an online survey regarding their perception of how much time they spent with students outside the classroom. From these responses, nine students and nine faculty members were selected and agreed to participate in semi-structured interviews. Recognizing the power of story to communicate rich biographical moments, a narrative inquiry approach to data collection and data analysis was utilized and triangulated with observation, field notes, and historical document review. Interviews were analyzed using three cycles of coding that generated the resulting themes. Eight themes were identified from the data and include intentionality towards care and concern, the importance of relationship building, investment of time, size of campus, spaces that contribute to informal mentoring, the role of on-campus faculty housing, blurred lines, and hindrances to connection. Additionally, the experience of faith-based student development, student-faculty relationships on faith-based campuses, the notion of vocational calling, and impacts on informal mentoring are explored.
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Bhanjee, Tariq. "Upgrading an informal settlement the role of tenure security in Mahaiyawa, Kandy, Sri Lanka /." [Vancouver, British Columbia] : School of Community and Regional Planning, University of British Columbia, 2000. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/318361971.html.
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Maribbay, Annalyn. "The house building activities of the informal sector : a case study in Las Pinas City, Philippines." Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=31027.
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House building activities of the informal sector constitutes the acquisition, consolidation and use of building materials and labor that may contravene existing standards, but affords them a coping mechanism to a dynamic urban environment. Studies show that the informal housing sector is largely responsible for most of the housing stock catering for the low-income families.<br>The research aims at understanding the house building activities of the informal sector and is limited to identifying and describing the building materials and building methods employed, together with its underlying networks.<br>The case study in the informal community of Sitio Pugad Lawin, Las Pinas City, Philippines, found that, the houses were built by its owners with friends and relatives or by small contractors. They used simple timber framing methods, and combinations of indigenous, conventional and non-conventional building materials for the housing elements.
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Nguluma, Huba. "Housing Themselves : Transformations, Modernisation and Spatial qualities in Informal Settlements in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Infrastructure, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-3494.
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<p>This thesis is an attempt to address issues of housingtransformation in informal settlements. Transformation ofhouses is seen to be associated with modernisation forceswhereby people adapt their houses to suit their needs anddesires. On one hand the desire to own amodernhousemay lead to deterioration of spatial qualities, onthe other hand fulfilment of the desire may contribute to themodernisation of urban settlements. The informal settlement ofHanna Nassif was chosen as a case study to illustrate theprocess of housing transformations in informal settlement.Knowledge on the transformation processes serves as animportant tool to address issues of spatial qualities, housingmodernisation, actors in the processes of transformation anduse of space.</p><p>The results show that there is a wide range oftransformation activities that have been taking place in termsof extensions and alterations. The desire to modernise theirhouses impels developers to use modern building materials. Insome instances houses constructed with traditional buildingmaterials are replaced with industrially produced materials.Through transformation processes new house types emerge. Thestudy identifies problems as well as positive aspectsassociated with the whole process of housing transformation.The positive aspects are those of increased indoor space,increase of rooms for renting and in other cases separation offunctions. The problems emerging from this process include:decrease of outdoor space, increase of housing density,blockage of ventilation and light in the transformedhouses.</p><p>The study concludes that housing transformation being oneway in which lowincome earners strive to get access to housingdeserves government support, particularly in the absence ofalternative housing supply. It is further observed that todatemany urban dwellers have managed to secure housing as a directresult of house extensions effected by house owners. The houseextensions are being carried out outside the established formalplanning regulations. It is in the light of these developmentsthat there is a cause for government intervention to guidehousing development processes in informal settlements.Professionals like planners and architects should also assume arole for quality and sustainability to prevail. The study alsosuggests specific problem areas for further investigation.</p><p><b>Key words:</b>Tanzania, housing transformation, informalsettlements, modernisation, spatial qualities and housetypes.</p>
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Ezeanah, Uyi. "The delivery of quality housing in Benin City : the influence of formal and informal institutions." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2018. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/19805/.
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Waldrep, Michael. "Informal housing in New York City : a spatial history of squats, lofts, and illegal conversions." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/90112.
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Thesis: M.C.P., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Urban Studies and Planning, 2014.<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (pages 133-142).<br>This thesis seeks to demonstrate that the notion of informal urbanization- normally applied to discussions of cities in the developing world-is equally effective in describing a range of housing practices in New York City, one of the wealthiest, most prototypically urban cities in the globe. The model of a binary, or gradient, between the "formal" and "informal" cities has been remarkably productive in many contexts, but has seen little use in the study of U.S. Cities. The thesis provides a definition of informal housing, based upon that of the international development community, and applies this definition to three instances in New York City it proposes fit. By unifying diverse practices and histories, I argue that informal housing in the city has been a persistent element that can be found across classes, architectural typologies, geographies, and historical moments. The methods of the thesis include consulting from primary sources (news reports and planning studies), secondary academic planning texts, conducting interviews with participants and planners, and producing my own relevant photographs and maps. These materials are synthesized into four chapters. The first provides background on the notion of informality, and offers a modified definition of the phenomenon that unifies the New York examples with their international counterparts. Chapter two charts the birth of informality with the codification, in the late years of the 19th century, of moral and physical standards in the immigrant-populated tenements of the Lower East Side of Manhattan. It then charts the reoccupation of those same tenement spaces, without capital or legal tenure, by the often politically motivated squatters in the Upper West and Lower East Sides in the latter half of the 20th century. Chapter three provides a history, from 1960 to the present, of the informal transformation of commercial loft spaces to residences in SoHo and Brooklyn and describes the effects of these conversions on the neighborhoods in which they occurred. Chapter four demonstrates how the low density built form of Queens was developed in reaction to the tenement era, and how it is currently being informally reconstructed into a dense, urban space for marginal immigrants, despite some typical (and atypical) challenges to that informal use. The thesis concludes by arguing that in each case-despite differences in built form, geography, users' incomes and the historical context-informality, as understood in the developing world, is present in New York. Further, it argues that the official reactions to these liminal cases of housing- variously, repression, neglect, and accommodation-provides a history of the planning regime's shift from prescription to acceptance of unofficial action. It calls for a greater unity of discussion and collaboration between those planners, architects, and urban thinkers working on cities in the U.S. and those whose expertise centers on cities in the global south. Finally, the thesis closes by summarizing some potential lessons from the experience of informal housing in New York City over its long and varied history, and offers guidance, informed by these lessons, on how the city might address its present informal housing boom.<br>by Michael Waldrep.<br>M.C.P.
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Akdoğan, Gizem. "Dealing with rapid development creation of the informal urban economy and gecekondu housing in Istanbul /." [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2009. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1468058.
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Mmakola, Monepo David. "Housing in Ivory Park : a critical assessment." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/4391.
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Thesis (MPA (Public Administration))--University of Stellenbosch, 2000.<br>105 leaves single sided printed, preliminary pages i-xii and numbered pages 1-92.Includes bibliography and list of tables and figures.<br>Scanned using a Hp Scanjet 8250 Scanner to pdf format (OCR).<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study assessed the performance of South Africa's Housing Policy in Ivory Park, an informal settlement in Midrand. The study used effectiveness, efficiency, equity, responsiveness and affordability, as criteria for assessment. Research was carried out using a literature review; and face-to-face interviews with officials from the Midrand Metropolitan Local Council, and the residents of Ivory Park who had already moved into the newly built houses. The study found that the performance of the policy in Ivory Park is mixed. From the point of view of effectiveness, the policy has had a positive impact on the lives of beneficiaries. The bigger picture of housing delivery, and the way the policy is being assessed by other spheres of government however, has reduced assessment of the policy to the numbers of housing built, and not taken sufficient consideration of the value of other elements of the policy. The greatest efficiency drawback has been the speed of implementation. The policy is moving at a relatively slow pace. The distribution of the resources of the policy has been equitable, in that the unemployed and households with irregular incomes have been reached by the housing policy. However, there have been difficulties in stimulating the local materials supply industries in the area, but efforts have gone into activating that part. The policy has been responsive, and beneficiaries are satisfied with the role played by the local authority, community organisations and contractors involved in housing delivery. Although the new houses built have not themselves adversely affected the cost of living of beneficiaries, the poverty level in the area, would continue to make services such as housing, unaffordable to households. The study recommends that in future, there be increased consultations with intended beneficiaries of a housing policy, in order to align the views of policymakers with those of beneficiaries. There is also a need to develop indicators that take into account all the objectives government pursues in the housing sector. The local authority should also track ownership of the built houses, to ensure that any change in ownership does not compromise the welfare of beneficiaries, and lead to the subsidisation of housing acquisitions of well-off households. Housing polices should have a more economic development slant, as the new services coming with housing would not have a greater impact in situations of persistent poverty.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie het die Suid-Afrikaanse Behuisingsbeleid beoordeel in Ivory Park, 'n informele nedersetting in Midrand. Hierdie beoordeling het die volgende kriteria gebruik, te wete doeltreffendheid, doelmatigheid, eweredigheid, die respons van die inwoners en bekostigbaarheid deur die inwoners. Navorsing is uitgevoer deur middel van 'n literatuuroorsig en persoonlike onderhoude met Raadslede van die Midrandse Metropolitaanse Raad asook die inwoners van Ivory Park wat alreeds in hul nuutgeboude wonings ingetrek het. Die studie het gemengde bevindings ten opsigte van die beleid binne Ivory Park opgelewer. Vanuit 'n doelmatigheidsoogpunt gesien het die beleid 'n positiewe uitwerking op die lewens van die begunstigdes uitgeoefen. Binne die groter geheel van behuisingsvoorsiening, asook die manier waarop die beleid beoordeel word deur ander regeringsfere, blyk dit egter dat die beleid slegs beoordeel word op grond van die aantal wooneenhede gelewer sonder om die ander elemente van die behuisingsbeleid te verdiskonteer. Die implementeringspoed van die beleid was die grootste nadeel vanuit 'n doeltreffendheidsoogpunt gesien aangesien die beleid teen 'n relatiewe stadige pas beweeg. Die bronne van die beleid is eweredig versprei deurdat werkloses en huishoudings met ongereelde inkomste deur die beleid bevoordeel is. Probleme is ook ondervind met die stimulasie van plaaslike boumateriaal voorsieningsindustrieel binne die gebied, maar inisiatiewe is geloods om die gedeelte te aktiveer. Die respons van die gemeenskap, binne die konteks van behuisingsvoorsiening, dui ook op hul tevredenheid met die rol van die plaaslike owerheid, gemeenskapsorganisasies en die betrokke kontrakteurs. Alhoewel die nuwe behuising nie die lewenskoste van die begunstigdes nadelig beinvloed het nie, dra die hoe armoede vlak in die omgewing daartoe by dat behuising vir vele inwoners onbekostigbaar bly. Die studie beveel aan dat daar in die toekoms toenemend met die beoogde begunstigdes van die behuisingsbeleid gekonsulteer moet word ten einde die sienings van die beleidmakers en die begunstigdes in ooreenstemming te bring. Ontwikkelingsindikatore en regeringsdoelwitte moet ook in berekening gebring word binne die behuisingsektor. Die plaaslike owerheid moet ook die eienaarskap van die nuwe wooneenhede navolg om te verseker dat eienaarskap nie die welsyn van die begunstigdes negatief affekteer nie, of dat dit nie lei tot die subsidering van die meer gegoedes in die verkryging van wooneenhede nie. Die behuisingbeleid moet ook 'n groter ekonomiese onderbou he ten einde armoede te bekamp.
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Costa, Inah Cavalcanti Barbosa. "Habitação auto construtiva em Luanda." Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa. Faculdade de Arquitetura, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/12056.
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Makabeni, Yonela. "Environmental impacts of informal economic activities in a low cost housing development, case study of Dunoon, Cape Town." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2874.
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Thesis (Master of Environmental Management)--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2018.<br>Over the past decades, environmental problems associated with low-cost housing developments have been reported on a national and global scale (see Sowman and Urquhart, 1998 and also Norville, 2003). Poor community participation in the early stages of project design and lack of public involvement in decision making regarding low cost housing development are said to have contributed to these environmental issues. The environmental issues that have been reported so far relate to escalating water quality due to poor storm water management and improper waste disposal which poses a threat to the natural environment. While there is as emerging view that the nature of environmental problems experienced in these settlements are due to a lack of participation by local people in decision making, there is virtual no studies that have located this analysis within the theoretical debate of modernist planning. The issue that has been ignored thus far is the fact that low cost housing development (in generally) still resembles the spatial pattern of both the modernist and apartheid planning orthodox. It is thus from this context that the local people are increasingly excluded from participating in decision making. This form of modernist development is contrary to the ethos of sustainable development. In essence, sustainable development, as a new development theory, also adheres to the notion of local citizenry involvement in development for the benefits of the future generation. The research study further argues that poor people need to participate in decision making regarding the design and delivery of these houses (Oelefse, 1997). Therefore, the study investigated the underlying environmental implications associated with informal economic activities in a low cost housing establishment. The research study adopted a qualitative research design and an inductive approach. Dunoon was used as a case study for the research. The study used two sampling techniques, purposive sampling and random sampling,were used. Interviews, questionnaires and observations were used to collect data from the residents, informal businesses in Dunoon and key stakeholders from the Department of Environmnental Affairs as well as City of Cape Town. The findings of the thesis illustrate that long-term environmental impacts that are visible in the low-cost housing development of Dunoon are triggered by informal economic activities that are practised by the local people to make a living. In this regard, this thesis argues that local people need to be involved in the early planning and design stages of low-cost housing development. They need to be involved in all development stages to ensure that they drive the vision of the development. Lack of involvement of the local people in the initial stages of decision-making on the project triggered severe long term environmental impacts. The study then concludes that long-term environmental impacts in Dunoon are intertwined with the escalation of informal economic activities initiated by the local people in order to cope with harsh economic realities. These informal activities are a form of reaction to the imposed version of development. Thus, the environmental problems that emerged out of this pattern of human activities must be analysed by means of conceptualising the Dunoon low-cost housing as a product of modernist planning philosophy. Based on the information gathered and discussed in this thesis, it is concluded that the low-cost housing development is a product of modernist planning.
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Bullard, Stevan. "Informal Development in Cairo, the View from Above: A Case Study Using Aerial Photo Interpretation to Examine Informal Housing in the Imbaba District of Cairo." unrestricted, 2006. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-04262006-150413/.
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Thesis (M.A.)--Georgia State University, 2006.<br>Title from title screen. Dona J. Stewart, committee chair; Elaine J. Hallisey, Jeremy Crampton, committee members. Electronic text (135 p. : maps (some col.)) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewed June 18, 2006. Includes bibliographical references (p. 130-134).
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Neves, Sofia Laura Ornelas. "Redesenhar e requalificar o lugar informal do bairro à cidade. A habitação evolutiva como meio de ligação do bairro à cidade - Bairro do Barruncho, Odivelas." Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa. Faculadade de Arquitetura, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/6935.
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Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Arquitectura, apresentada na Universidade de Lisboa - Faculdade de Arquitetura.<br>O presente trabalho pretende desenvolver uma análise sobre a temática da habitação evolutiva, com foque na sua vertente enquanto Habitação Social, particularmente nos cenários de realojamento de bairros informais. Sobre este cenário, pretende-se desenvolver uma metodologia de intervenção estratégica segundo um processo de faseado que permita uma resolução a longo prazo da integração do Bairro do Barruncho e de toda a sua comunidade em Odivelas.
Desta forma, reflete-se sobre as questões da habitação evolutiva e dos processos participativos enquanto solução de intervenção flexível, adaptável e com capacidade de gerar uma intervenção adequada às reais necessidades da área de intervenção (Bairro do Barruncho). Neste contexto, o envolvimento da população na construção e evolução da habitação permite, a longo prazo, desenvolver um forte sentimento de pertença, fundamental para o bem-estar da população, da casa e do Bairro, isto é, para um realojamento positivo e integrado.
Pretende-se ainda, alertar para a necessidade de em situações de realojamento, como o caso em estudo, Bairro do Barruncho, compreender através de uma análise intensiva, o Bairro e a sua população, permitindo desenvolver uma relação entre a cultura desta população e arquitetura proposta para o novo Bairro.<br>ABSTRACT: The aim of this study is the development of an in-depth investigation on incremental housing and its social housing aspect, particularly regarding the rehousing of existing informal, slum-like neighborhoods. A strategic intervention methodology is developed and a long-term phased process devised that will allow the integration of the Bairro do Barruncho entire community in the city of Odivelas.
To achieve this goal the issues of incremental housing and participative processes are explored regarding their ability to become flexible and adaptable long term solutions that fit the actual needs of the case study area (Bairro do Barruncho) and its communities. The use of participative processes in the construction and evolution of housing will, in the long run, create a sense of ownership and belonging between the community and their homes which is vital to their overall well-being and quality of life, in other words it can lead to both a positive and integrated rehousement.
Another goal of this work is alerting to the need for comprehensive and intensive analyses of both the slum neighborhood and its community in rehousing programs or initiatives. These analyses will enable the development of close relationship between the relocated community and the proposed architectural solutions for their new homes and neighborhood.
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Sompani, Thozamile Matthews. "Delivery of environmental health services to Ducats informal settlement." Thesis, Cape Technikon, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/796.
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Thesis (MTech (Environmental Health))--Cape Technikon, 2003<br>This study provides information on the provision of environmental health
services to informal housing settlements by local authorities.
A standard for Environmental Health Service delivery according to
Government policies and legislation has been provided. Actual
environmental health services delivered to Ducats informal settlement at
the time (1992), have been compared to the services that should have
been delivered by law.
Baseline data have been compiled by means of questionnaires, in order
to assist the different levels of government in addressing the housing and
environmental health needs of the Ducat community.
The nature of Environmental Health and the history of informal housing,
more specific that of the Ducat informal housing settlement, have been
determined.
Limited environmental health services were rendered to informal housing
settlements occupying land illegally during 1992. These environmental
health services were limited to basic sanitation, water supply and refuse
removal. Only pit latrines or bucket latrines were required as a means of
sanitation, tanks for water supply and skips for the disposal of waste.
Amatola Regional Services Council however rendered all the
environmental health services required.
Other environmental health aspects such as pest control, communicable
disease control, air pollution control, radiation, occupational health
issues, temperature extremes, lighting, ventilation, noise, social
environment, food and meat hygiene were not required.
This study has provided a set of Government policies and legislation,
which should be considered in rendering environmental health services
for housing in future.
Uncertainty of the past decade, about rendering of Environmental Health
services to people occupying land illegally, still persists. The Municipal
Structures Act, 117 of 1998 requires the rendering of Environmental
Health services by local authorities, but it does not state whether these
services should be rendered to people occupying land illegally as well.
Since this has been the biggest restriction in providing environmental
health services in the past, it is recommended that Government address
this uncertainty.
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MUNOZ, VELOZA MONICA ALEXANDRA. "Looking to the past to design the future: the informal built environment in Colombia. Design Process Innovation through collective and collaborative knowledge." Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2022. https://hdl.handle.net/11583/2973089.
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Nahrin, Kasphia. "Potential policies and strategies for reducing the environmental impacts of informal housing : an analysis of Dhaka, Bangladesh." Thesis, University of the West of England, Bristol, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.620101.
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Informal housing is widespread in cities in developing countries, and can cause immediate and localised environmental impacts. However, little research has been conducted into these impacts or what can be done about them. Specifically, there is little research on which policies and strategies could be effective. This research aims to identify the environmental impacts of informal housing, and to establish the potential policies and strategies that could reduce these. The research focuses on the city of Dhaka (the capital of Bangladesh). It adopts a qualitative approach and uses data from a combination of primary and secondary sources, collected via site surveys and in-depth, semi-structured interviews with a range of stakeholders. The research found that the amount of informal housing in Dhaka is increasing, and consequently it is creating environmental impacts, such as: loss of biodiversity; waterlogging; pollution (of water soil and air); groundwater depletion; and temperature increases. Three main policy areas which could potentially reduce these impacts were identified and tested. • Formalisation of informal housing; • Implementation of urban planning and growth management policies; and • Provision of utility services. The research found that formalising housing through inclusionary housing, slum rehabilitation, slum upgrading, site and services schemes, public-private partnership (PPP) and involvement of non-government organization (NGO)s are policies that could be effective in Dhaka. In relation to urban planning and growth management, urban intensification is not a beneficial policy, but limited peripheral development could be effective. New urban solutions and special area (Le. flood flow zones) conservation policies could also reduce environmental impacts. In terms of utility service provision, urban renewal, upgrading, incremental development, and community and NGO participation are potential policies. The research concludes that it is important to develop both organisational and financial capacity in order to reduce the environmental impacts of informal housing in Dhaka.
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ESPOSITO, EMILIANO. "From squatted public house to squatted public home: unpacking the informal occupation of public housing in Italy." Doctoral thesis, Gran Sasso Science Institute, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12571/9901.
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This thesis aims at understanding the informal access to public housing within the broader
context of Neapolitan housing system and investigate the numerous factors underlying the
phenomenon. It aims at deepening our understanding about the constraints and the
opportunities that shape people’s informal practices and strategies to respond to their
housing-related needs, as they navigate the fragmented provision context of local housing
welfare system. This thesis investigates the resource management practices that inhabitants
put in action to their meet material and immaterial residential needs, the alternative, complex
pathway of housing, and the constant tension that each of these individual strategies
establishes with the structural forces. As such, the overall objective of this thesis is a small
contribution through empirical exploration and verification of hypothesis the actors,
mechanisms and meanings that shape the informal occupation of public housing.
The formal-informal governance arrangement and, more specifically, the link between
housing market rigidity, housing governance, housing stress and informal housing strategies
constitute the empirical domain through which this thesis achieves its aim. The public
housing complex named ‘Rione De Gasgperi’ (in the De Gasperi neighbourhood), in the
eastern part of Naples (southern Italy) is the case study where the theoretical framework is
applied for an empirical analysis that informs the theory. The thesis is organized into three
academic papers. The first paper profits concepts and analyses found across disciplines that
investigate urban informalities in the Global South and navigates through the multifaceted
continuum of formality and informality that shape informal ‘inheritance’ system of public
housing flats. It analyses informal access to public housing as an endogenous and functional
component of the housing field rather than an anomaly or a marginal way of living. The
second paper focuses on the usual squatting practices in a public housing building (for
example by breaking into the building). It induces a potential definition for the
‘individualistic squatting’ in public housing units by using an analytical comparison with
‘ordinary’ politically-oriented squatting. Individualistic squatting is an expression meaning
the act of occupying a building for residential purposes that takes place outside any political
framework. This paper aims at detecting the main features that contribute to the emergence
of this specific kind of occupation. In order to achieve its aim, the paper is based on profits
from the political squatting ‘opportunity structure’ concepts. The third paper further
elaborates on ‘housing pathways’ methodological approach of investigation and its
conceptualisation of residential mobility as an embedded decision-making process, by
framing it to the interplay of material and immaterial dimensions that shape the inhabitants’
housing pathways to squatting. This paper seeks to investigate the potential contribution of
‘housing pathways’ framework into observing the search of house along squatters’ housing
pathways as search of home, which does not end when an empty space to squat is found.
Finally, a photographic appendix is added in order to disclose the ‘human faces’ beyond the
informal occupation of public flats. This appendix is divided into two contributions. The first
part is a photographic portrait project aimed at investigating the way the relationship between the De Gasperi district’s squatters and the residential spaces where they squat shape their
sense of home. The second part focuses on a religious moment that plays an important role
in defining the inhabitants’ sense of belonging to the district. The case study is employed in
each paper. The thesis is based on a deep ethnographic work conducted between 2015 and
2018. Collection of primary data consists of both intense observation of external and internal
spaces of the neighbourhood and several semi-structured interviews. To this end, during the
fieldwork a multi-methods qualitative enquiry was employed. The analytical framework is
characterized by an interdisciplinary investigation on: urban and housing informality,
housing welfare model, public housing policies, public housing supply regulative system,
politically-oriented squatting, housing pathway, and meaning of home. The main results of
this thesis refer to: a) contribution to the understanding of the complex nexus between
formality and informality within public housing provision by investigating how informal
‘inheritance’ system of public flats takes place in Naples; b) conceptualisation of
‘individualistic squatting’ construct for the investigation of the main features that favour the
emergence of self-interested squatting in public housing buildings; c) suggestion of the
housing pathway approach as an additional lens to frame housing-related decision-making
process for weaker socio-economic groups, bringing on board a conceptualisation of
squatting as a stage of a nonlinear and romantic journey during which households try to
satisfy their material and immaterial needs related to the dwelling, and d) application of
visual ethnography, through employing photographic enquiry, as method of fieldwork
research aimed at building a consensual, collaborative and therefore at least potentially,
empathetic relationship between research and subject.
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Fannin, Nicole M. "bahay sa buhay [from house to life]: exploring architecture's role in informal settlement in Payatas, Philippines." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1276952543.
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Ferreira, Frédéric Gonçalves. "Habitar no inabitável. Casas para um planeta pequeno; Cemitério de Navotas, Manila." Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa. Faculdade de Arquitetura, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/6822.
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Courela, Joana Rita Gil. "Roça Água-Izé." Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Arquitetura, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/19190.
Full textAbstract:
Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Arquitetura, com a especialização em Arquitetura apresentada na Faculdade de Arquitetura da Universidade de Lisboa para obtenção do grau de Mestre.<br>A narrativa formal e funcional do território de São Tomé e Príncipe encontra-se, actualmente, numa
desconexão acentuada da sua génese. As camadas urbanas e edificadas surgem consequentemente no
território numa prática orgânica e indefinida, em oposição à assertividade formal imposta no assentamento
urbano inicial da cidade, no século XVI. Terá sido, deste modo, provocada a descaracterização urbana do
lugar.
A coexistência do traçado, formal e informal, condenou à roça Água-Izé a presente indefinição e
descaracterização urbana no território, outrora conquistada e estabelecida. A sua requalificação e reinserção
no lugar provem da análise das problemáticas formais e funcionais do património em estudo, assim como, na
inserção das correspondentes soluções.
A regeneração desta roça, em termos teóricos, será estabelecida através de um fio condutor abrangente aos
conceitos da história e da memória. Será assente nesta base científica que consistirá a formalização do objecto
projectual, apresentado num carácter proeminente no território. Projectualmente, através da revitalização da
estrutura pré-existente, da proposta de novos traçados urbanos e uma rede hierarquizada de espaços
públicos, a roça Água-Izé adquirirá uma nova ocupação perante o território de São Tomé.<br>ABSTRACT: The formal and functional narrative of the territory of São Tomé and Príncipe is, currently, in a marked
disconnection of its genesis. The urban and built layers consequently appear in the territory in an organic and
indefinite practice, as opposed to the formal assertiveness imposed in the initial urban settlement of the city,
in the XVI century. This would have led to the urban de-characterization of the place.
The coexistence of the formal and informal trait, condemned to the “roça Água-Izé” the present indefinition
and urban discharacterization in the territory, once conquered and established. Its requalification and
reinsertion in the place comes from the analysis of the formal and functional problems of the heritage under
study, as well as the insertion of the corresponding solutions.
The regeneration of this “roça”, in theoretical terms, will be established through a comprehensive guideline to
the concepts of history and memory. Will be based on this scientific basis, which will consist of the formalization
of the project object, presented in a prominent character in the territory. In terms of the project, through the
revitalization of the pre-existing structure, of the proposal of new urban tracts and a hierarchical network of
public spaces, the “roça Água-Izé” will acquire a new occupation towards the territory of São Tomé.<br>N/A
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Shaboodien, Azher. "Project implementation profile tool applied to upgrading informal settlements programme projects." Master's thesis, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/11427/31787.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose: This research reviews the Project Implementation Profile (PIP) and explores its relevance to Upgrading Informal Settlements Programme (UISP) type projects in Cape Town. The research aims to: • Identify the most common PIP Critical Success Factors (CSF) for UISP projects, • Compare the common PIP Critical Success Factors (CSF) for UISP projects to the Construction Sector CSF • Evaluate if the PIP tool is applicable to UISP projects. • Determine if there any other critical success factors that need to be added to the CSF list that is critical to the UISP Project success Approach: A literature review was conducted to assist in identifying the common CSF in the Constructions Sector. A survey questionnaire was sent out to relevant UISP Project Managers. The survey questionnaire was based on the PIP questionnaire with additional questions regarding to the effectiveness of the PIP tool on UISP projects. The intent of the survey questionnaire is firstly to establish the common CSF for UISP projects and then evaluate the PIP effectiveness on UISP projects. Findings: Based on the research results, it was found that the high scoring CSF for UISP projects were Project Mission, Client Consultation, Technical Tasks, Monitoring and Feedback, Personal. When the high scoring CSF was compared to the Literature Based Construction Sector CSF, the following common CSF was established: Monitoring and Feedback, Client Consultation and Technical Tasks. Practical Implications: This research will give an indication of the high and low scoring CSF relevant to UISP projects, which project managers and Managers in the Human Settlements industry can use to evaluate their UISP or Breaking New Ground (BNG) housing projects. Furthermore, the PIP tool may be utilised more frequently as a project quality success assurance tool in the organisation. The PIP tool has been tested and verified in a number of different industries in previous studies but never in its application to UISP or BNG projects.
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Carvalho, Rita Tavares Marques de. "O espaço sagrado como elemento articulador entre o formal e o informal." Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Arquitetura, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/13919.
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Sáez, Giraldez Elia, Calderón José García, and Peña Fernando Roch. "La ciudad desde la casa: ciudades espontáneas en Lima." Universidad de Chile. Facultad de Arquitectura y Urbanismo. Instituto de la Vivienda, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/314581.
Full textAbstract:
Este texto se basa en la investigación "Vivienda como generadora de ciudad en Latinoamérica: asentamientos informales en Lima-Perú", llevada a cabo en el Departamento de Urbanismo y Ordenación de Territorio, de la ETS de Arquitectura, de la Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, con el apoyo del Plan Propio de Ayudas al Personal Investigador en Formación de la UPM, en colaboración con la Facultad de Arquitectura de la Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, en Lima.<br>Los asentamientos informales en Lima surgen de la colocación de casas de estera en el desierto, en condiciones de precariedad y pobreza. Sin embargo, en estas siete décadas de existencia se han transformado en barrios relativamente integrados a la ciudad y con un considerable nivel de desarrollo.
En esta investigación se describe cómo se ha generado un tejido urbano donde los procesos habituales de planificación, de la gran escala a la pequeña, de la ciudad a la casa (urbanización-parcelación-edificación) se ven invertidos encontrando, en esta inversión, el mecanismo clave de su desarrollo.
La casa de estera, en origen el único material para asentarse en el territorio, se convierte, más allá de un techo para sus ocupantes, en una estrategia para crear ciudad. La vivienda es taller o tienda, aportando esos usos al tejido urbano; cambia de funciones según las necesidades de los habitantes; crece a medida que se densifica el barrio, muta su tipología (de unifamiliar a colectiva) o de carácter (de rural a urbana) cuando el asentamiento pasa de pueblo a barrio.
La casa crece al tiempo que crece la ciudad que forma; ambos se transforman mutuamente y esta simbiosis confiere al tejido su dinamismo y capacidad para evolucionar.<br>In Lima, informal settlements emerge from the construction of straw houses in the desert under poverty and precarious conditions. However, after seven decades of existence, they have transformed into relatively integrated neighborhoods in the city, with considerable level of development.
This article describes how an urban fabric emerges within inverted planning processes, from large to small scales, from the city to the house (urbanization-division-consruction), being this inversion the engine of its development.
Straw houses, the only material that enables communities to settle in the territory, apart from offering shelter, have become a strategy for city making. Housing is either a workshop or a store, a contribution to the urban fabric; it also changes its functions according to the needs of dwellers; housing expands as the neighborhood densifies, transforming its typology (from house to group home) or nature (rural to urban) when the settlement changes from village to neighborhood.
The house expands as the city grows; both elements transform each other, giving dynamism to urban fabric, as well as ability to evolve.
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Wegmann, Jacob Anthony George. ""We Just Built It|" Code Enforcement, Local Politics, and the Informal Housing Market in Southeast Los Angeles County." Thesis, University of California, Berkeley, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3708337.
Full textAbstract:
<p> This dissertation is an exploration of the role of informality in the housing market in southeast Los Angeles County. While informality has long been the subject of scholarship in cases from the Global South, and increasingly in the United States, examinations of <i>housing</i> informality in the US thus far have largely been situated in rural and peri-urban areas. This work seeks to interrogate informality in housing processes unfolding within the very heart of northern North America's leading industrial metropolis. </p><p> After a brief preface, the dissertation's second chapter reviews literature on various aspects of informality and on <i>Accessory Dwelling Units, </i> or additions or conversions of living quarters on residential properties. Chapter 3 introduces the work's methodological pillars, and describes the four major, mixed methods relied upon. These are a survey of code enforcement officers; interviews and direct observation; and analyses of rental and property sales markets. Two other, minor, methods employed are an analysis of building footprints and the analysis of secondary data. </p><p> Chapter 4 introduces the single case used in the dissertation. This is a group of 14 communities, with a total population of 700,000, that are collectively referred to via the neologism <i>City of Gateway.</i> Next follows a historical overview of the area. Following a discussion of the 1965 Watts riots as a historical watershed, trends in the City of Gateway's economy and population that have driven a dramatic <i>informalization</i> of the housing stock since that time are examined. </p><p> Chapter 5 describes the physical expression of the informal housing market in the City of Gateway, in seven extralegal modes that involve either the <i> conversion</i> of existing space or the <i>addition</i> of new space, and the tactics used to effect them. Chapter 5 closes with a quantification and discussion of the consequences of the characteristic urban form produced by the informal housing market, <i>horizontal density,</i> which is the addition of density by more intensively covering lots with buildings rather than building upwards. </p><p> Chapter 6 describes the "nuts and bolts" of the informal housing market. It presents evidence that extralegal rentals are, on balance, generally (though not always) cheaper for their occupants than formal market alternatives. It examines <i>presale ordinances</i> that some cities have passed to try to disrupt the informal housing market by intervening in the sale of residential property. It discusses the important role of appraisers in providing or denying mortgage credit to current or would-be homeowners with extralegal space. An analysis of property sales transactions provides evidence that extralegal space does not appear to be capitalized in property values. Finally, the chapter discusses barriers imposed by the current US mortgage system to financing the construction of rentable space on residential properties. </p><p> Chapter 7 is an examination of the role played by <i>code enforcement </i> in shaping the informal housing market in the City of Gateway. Specifically, it examines how code enforcement departments allocate their time and effort given that there are far more potential enforcement actions than their capacity allows. The chapter presents arguments that code enforcement reshapes the informal housing market while failing to suppress it; that it is applied unevenly; and that it paradoxically helps maintain the informal order of the informal housing market. </p><p> Chapter 8 begins by arguing that issues related to informal housing, when they are discussed at all in the local political sphere, tend to be filtered through the reductive frame of <i>law and order.</i> The chapter presents reasons for this state of affairs, both ones specific to the City of Gateway and others that are more general and potentially applicable to other places in the US. Chapter 8 closes with a summary of high-profile local debates in which informal housing's influence is considerable but rarely acknowledged: fair share housing, water and sewer utility capacity, parking, and school crowding. </p><p> The conclusion, Chapter 9, begins by assessing the positive and negative attributes of the informal housing system. A normative judgment is made that the former outweigh the latter, although the drawbacks are considerable and in need of urgent attention. A multiscalar palette of policy interventions intended to usefully and justly intervene in the informal housing system is put forth. Many of these are within the ambit of local government, but action in other spheres—in state and even federal government, and within the housing NGO sector—is needed. Next, lessons for advocates, policymakers, and researchers drawn from the broader implications of this dissertation are presented. After that follows a speculative discussion about the role of culture in comparison with economic necessity in driving the informal housing market in the City of Gateway. Next, informed speculation about the future of the City of Gateway's housing market is presented. The dissertation closes with a discussion of these trends' implications for the City of Gateway's continued existence as that increasingly rare of type of place, a working class enclave in the heart of a vast global metropolis.</p>
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Ladeira, Carolina Joana Freitas. "Cidade informal. A casa e os modelos de habitar na Cova da Moura." Master's thesis, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa. Faculdade de Arquitectura, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/2857.
Full textAbstract:
Tese de Mestrado em Arquitectura<br>O Relatório Final de projecto, tem por objectivo investigar a questão da habitação clandestina/ilegal, através do estudo de uma realidade concreta: o Bairro do Alto da Cova da Moura, situado no concelho da Amadora. Aborda-se a realidade dos Loteamentos Clandestinos, que se desenvolveram a um ritmo particularmente acelerado durante a década de 70; e a sua passagem a AUGI’s (Assentamento Urbano de Génese Ilegal). Reflecte-se sobre as lógicas e morfologias da cidade Informal no sentido de perceber as suas potencialidades e fraquezas. Incide-se especialmente nas questões ligadas à casa - nomeadamente sobre o que é que ela representa para a população, que tipo de relações estabelece, e que tipo de sociabilidades proporciona – de modo a adquirir uma compreensão que se torne operativa ao nível da componente projectual do trabalho. Elabora-se sobre a sobreposição dos domínios público e privado que a casa e rua estabelecem entre si e abordam-se os espaços de transição (in-between) enquanto espaços que devem ser potenciadores de apropriações e vivências. Reflecte-se também sobre as questões da habitação evolutiva e dos processos participativos enquanto práticas recorrentes no Bairro, mas também enquanto potenciais instrumentos para a construção de uma habitação social mais justa e coadunada com os desejos e as aspirações das populações a que se destina. Refere-se que as operações SAAL constituíram um vasto campo de experimentações ao nível da habitação e que concederam à população anónima o direito de pensar a cidade. Neste contexto procede-se à análise de um projecto SAAL – Plano Integrado do Zambujal, Alto do Moinho - que apresenta analogias várias com o caso de estudo. Pretende-se alertar para a responsabilidade social que a arquitectura deve ter, e neste sentido, compreender através da análise de uma situação particular e reflexão sobre a mesma, se existe ou não uma relação entre a cultura e arquitectura existente no Bairro. Assim, este trabalho pretende contribuir para uma revisão crítica sobre a habitação social, que se crê necessária, e para a investigação de novos paradigmas do habitar.<br>The project's Final Report aims at considering the problematic of illegal housing by means of a study case - the Neighbourhood of Alto da Cova da Moura -,located in Amadora. Squatter settlements that had an explosive growth in the 70's and opened away to AUGIs (Urban Settlement of Illegal Origin) are to be referred to. Also a reflection on the city's logic and morphologies in order to understand its strengths and weaknesses is also taken into account. We focus specially on the house as an entity - namely on its importance for the population, and the kind of socialization it promotes - so that we may reach an understanding that allows effective help in the project. Either the house or the place/street bring along the public and the private domains. That fact is taken into consideration, as well as the in-between areas that are expected to promote experiences and a sense of belonging. We also reflect on incremental housing and participative processes, not only as something that is real in this neighbourhood, but also as a kind of foundation to build social housing that proves to be fairer and meets the population's expectations. As far as housing is concerned, SAAL operations offered a large range of experiments and gave the population the opportunity to think about the city. To uphold this we analysed a SAAL project – A Comprehensive Plan of Zambujal, Alto do Moinho – that shares some similarities to the study case. We intend to draw attention to the fact that architecture must have social responsibility. So we decided to analyse this neighbourhood and reflect on it, in order to realise whether there is a relationship between its own culture and architecture or not. We do believe that a critical view on social housing is necessary, so we hope this work may be a positive contribution to the research on housing new patterns.