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Journal articles on the topic 'Informal norms'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 17 February 2022

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1

Sardan, Jean-Pierre Olivier de. "Embeddedness and informal norms: Institutionalisms and anthropology." Critique of Anthropology 33, no. 3 (2013): 280–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0308275x13490307.

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Carson, Byron. "The Informal Norms of HIV Prevention: The Emergence and Erosion of the Condom Code." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 45, no. 4 (2017): 518–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1073110517750586.

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The response many gay men took to the HIV epidemic in the United States was largely informal, especially given distant state and federal governments. The condom code, a set of informal norms that encouraged the use of condoms, is one instance of this informal response, which was wholly uncoordinated. Yet, it is not clear why these informal norms emerged or why they have since eroded. This paper explores how gay men in particular generated expectations and normative beliefs regarding condom usage, which helped to establish the condom code as an informal norm. Furthermore, the erosion of the con

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Rohman, Yani Fathur. "Informal Norms, Communication Spaces, and Work Environment Inclusiveness." SOSHUM : Jurnal Sosial dan Humaniora 10, no. 2 (2020): 161–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.31940/soshum.v10i2.1842.

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Desierto, Desiree A., and John V. C. Nye. "When do Formal Rules and Informal Norms Converge?" Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics 167, no. 4 (2011): 613. http://dx.doi.org/10.1628/jite-2011-0005.

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Griber, Yulia Alexandrowna. "EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF INFORMAL NORMS OF URBAN COLORISTICS." Sovremennye issledovaniya sotsialnykh problem, no. 12 (February 5, 2017): 244. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/2218-7405-2016-12-244-260.

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Azzouni, Jody. "Why Do Informal Proofs Conform to Formal Norms?" Foundations of Science 14, no. 1-2 (2008): 9–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10699-008-9144-9.

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7

Shoemaker, Nikki, Mary B. Curtis, Louis (Dutch) Fayard, and Marie T. Kelly. "What Happens When Formal and Informal Norms Conflict for IT Usage?" Journal of Information Systems 34, no. 2 (2019): 235–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/isys-52616.

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ABSTRACT Employee ethical perceptions and behavior are shaped by any number of factors that may be complementary or in conflict, such as formal organizational norms that may clash with an individual's personal norms. When formal norms are established to protect the organization, the way employees respond to such conflict can put the organization at risk. We examine how the judgments and intentions of individuals change when formal and informal norms agree or disagree regarding the use of company technology for personal tasks while at work. We varied a company policy (formal norm) and examined

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Fagundes, David. "The Social Norms of Waiting in Line." Law & Social Inquiry 42, no. 04 (2017): 1179–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/lsi.12256.

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This article examines the rules and practices of waiting in line as a system of informal order, showing that despite its reputation for drudgery, the queue offers rich insights about social norms and the psychology of cooperation. The article begins by investigating the implicit customs of physical waiting in line, uncovering the surprisingly complex unwritten rules (and exceptions) that give queues stability even in the absence of legal governance or state enforcement. Yet the prevailing norms literature typically explains informal order by reference to close-knit groups that can impose sanct

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Lopatina, Natalia V. "Library in the Culture of Information Society." Observatory of Culture, no. 5 (October 28, 2015): 27–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.25281/2072-3156-2015-0-5-27-31.

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The article deals with the transformations of social institution of library in the information society. High emphasis is placed here on social and humanitarian changes. Formal and informal aspects of social relations as well as the role and status of a librarian are identified. The article considers the compliance between formal legal regulations and informal socio-cultural norms, between actual practices and formal and informal norms. It examines explicit and implicit functions of a library, the conflict between traditional structures and new institutional norms. Roles of a librarian and a re

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CALCAGNO, PETER T., and EDWARD J. LÓPEZ. "Informal norms trump formal constraints: the evolution of fiscal policy institutions in the United States." Journal of Institutional Economics 13, no. 1 (2016): 211–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1744137416000321.

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AbstractTwo shifts of informal rules occurred in the decades around the turn of the 20th century that continue to shape U.S. fiscal policy outcomes. Spending norms in the electorate shifted to expand the scope of the government budget to promote economic security and macroeconomic stability. Simultaneously, norms for elected office shifted to careerism. Both norms were later codified into formal rules as legislation creating entitlement programs, macroeconomic responsibility, and organizational changes to the fiscal policy process. This institutional evolution increased demand for federal expe

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Ojong, Nathanael. "Gender, the state, and informal self-employment." International Journal of Social Economics 44, no. 11 (2017): 1456–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijse-03-2016-0095.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the intersection of formality, informality, structures of power, gender, and social norms in the mobile telecommunication industry in Cameroon, and to investigate the reasons for the over-representation of informal self-employed women at the base of the mobile telecommunication industry in the country. Design/methodology/approach This is a qualitative study using interviews and observations. Findings Cameroon’s mobile telecommunication industry is a “spaghetti bowl” where formality, informality, gender, structures of power, and social norms are i

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12

Furlotti, Marco, and Joseph Lampel. ""Relational signals, informal norms and formalization in multifirm projects"." Academy of Management Proceedings 2013, no. 1 (2013): 15317. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2013.15317abstract.

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Pavlyshyn, Liudmyla, Victor Grushko, Natalya Saenko, Yuliia Lisnievska, Elena Artemova, and Asiyat Tagibova. "Institutional principles of functioning and development in society of post-soviet countries." LAPLAGE EM REVISTA 7, Extra-B (2021): 634–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.24115/s2446-622020217extra-b1147p.634-640.

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The role of institutes and institutions in the process of functioning and development of society is revealed in the work. An analysis of the state of institutions and institutions in society of post-soviet countries at the present stage of its development and the problems associated with the underestimation of their role in the organization of society. The mechanisms of formation of contradictions between formal and informal regulators of public relations are revealed. The need to harmonize the basic principles of functioning of official institutions and informal norms is substantiated. The co

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Pavlyshyn, Liudmyla, Victor Grushko, Natalya Saenko, Yuliia Lisnievska, Elena Artemova, and Asiyat Tagibova. "Institutional principles of functioning and development in society of post-soviet countries." LAPLAGE EM REVISTA 7, Extra-E (2021): 564–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.24115/s2446-622020217extra-e1236p.564-570.

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The role of institutes and institutions in the process of functioning and development of society is revealed in the work. An analysis of the state of institutions and institutions in society of post-soviet countries at the present stage of its development and the problems associated with the underestimation of their role in the organization of society. The mechanisms of formation of contradictions between formal and informal regulators of public relations are revealed. The need to harmonize the basic principles of functioning of official institutions and informal norms is substantiated. The co

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Verbakel, Ellen. "How to understand informal caregiving patterns in Europe? The role of formal long-term care provisions and family care norms." Scandinavian Journal of Public Health 46, no. 4 (2017): 436–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1403494817726197.

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Aims: Motivated by ageing populations, healthcare policies increasingly emphasize the role of informal care. This study examines how prevalence rates of informal caregivers and intensive caregivers (i.e. those who provide informal care for at least 11 hours a week) vary between European countries, and to what extent informal caregiving and intensive caregiving relate to countries’ formal long-term care provisions and family care norms. Methods: Multilevel logistic regression analyses on data from the European Social Survey Round 7 ( n = 32,894 respondents in n = 19 countries) were used to test

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Mangla, Akshay. "Bureaucratic Norms and State Capacity in India." Asian Survey 55, no. 5 (2015): 882–908. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/as.2015.55.5.882.

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Himachal Pradesh outperforms other Indian states in implementing universal primary education. Through comparative field research, this article finds that bureaucratic norms—unwritten rules that guide public officials—influence how well state agencies deliver services for the poor. The findings call attention to the informal, everyday practices that generate state capacity.

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Carlson, Matthew M. "Electoral Reform and the Evolution of Informal Norms in Japan." Asian Survey 46, no. 3 (2006): 362–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/as.2006.46.3.362.

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Politicians and parties may devise informal norms of behavior to help assure their political survival following the adoption of a new electoral system. This article focuses on the development and consequences of ““Costa Rica”” arrangements——an alternation strategy used in Japan's new electoral system for the lower house.

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Krupka, Erin L., Stephen Leider, and Ming Jiang. "A Meeting of the Minds: Informal Agreements and Social Norms." Management Science 63, no. 6 (2017): 1708–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2016.2429.

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Bubb, Ryan. "The Evolution of Property Rights: State Law or Informal Norms?" Journal of Law and Economics 56, no. 3 (2013): 555–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/673208.

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20

Jakiela, Pamela. "Social Preferences and Fairness Norms as Informal Institutions: Experimental Evidence." American Economic Review 101, no. 3 (2011): 509–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.101.3.509.

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We conduct a series of dictator games in which the status of the dictator relative to other players varies across treatments. Experiments are conducted in a conventional university lab and in villages in rural Kenya. We find that status is an important determinant of dictator game giving, but the relative importance of earned and unearned status differs across cultures.

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Karaslaan, Hatice, Annette Hohenberger, Hilmi Demir, Simon Hall, and Mike Oaksford. "Cross-Cultural Differences in Informal Argumentation: Norms, Inductive Biases and Evidentiality." Journal of Cognition and Culture 18, no. 3-4 (2018): 358–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685373-12340035.

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AbstractCross-cultural differences in argumentation may be explained by the use of different norms of reasoning. However, some norms derive from, presumably universal, mathematical laws. This inconsistency can be resolved, by considering that some norms of argumentation, like Bayes theorem, are mathematical functions. Systematic variation in the inputs may produce culture-dependent inductive biases although the function remains invariant. This hypothesis was tested by fitting a Bayesian model to data on informal argumentation from Turkish and English cultures, which linguistically mark evidenc

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Mojić, Dušan, and Jelena Jovančević. "Explaining Unsuccessful Public Administration Reforms in Postsocialist Serbia: The Neoinstitutional Perspective." Lex localis - Journal of Local Self-Government 18, no. 2 (2020): 293–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.4335/18.2.293-310(2020).

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Public administration reforms in transition countries of Eastern Europe have gained considerable attention from researchers and practitioners in the recent decades. The main reason for this interest has been the fact that public administration transformation is closely related to the overall process of transition from planned economy and socialism to market economy and capitalism. Public administration has been considered one of the key institutional aspects in modern economies and societies, including the former socialist states of Eastern Europe. According to the neoinstitutional theoretical

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23

Vázquez Barrio, Tamara. "Educación informal. Configuración y valores de los protagonistas infantiles." Edutec. Revista Electrónica de Tecnología Educativa, no. 35 (March 20, 2011): a155. http://dx.doi.org/10.21556/edutec.2011.35.411.

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Partiendo de una interpretación amplia del término educar, a las instancias formativas tradicionales hay que añadir los medios de comunicación por su papel como agentes de socialización. Este artículo ofrece los resultados de una investigación sobre las actitudes, valores sociales y normas de comportamiento de los personajes de los programas infantiles televisivos por su potencial influencia en el desarrollo del niño.Informal education. Configuration and social values of children protagonistsAbstractAdopting a wide interpretation of the concept to educate, it is necessary to add mass media to

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Onyshko, S. V., and D. O. Savenko. "A Theoretical Conceptualization of Institutional Provision of the Financial Market." Business Inform 9, no. 512 (2020): 219–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.32983/2222-4459-2020-9-219-228.

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The article is concerned with the problems of formation and development of institutional provision of the financial market. The relevance of the problem is caused by the relationship of formal and informal norms of economic processes and phenomena, the understanding of which provides the key to achieving the effectiveness of the financial market development. Understanding the essence of institutional provision of the financial market and the factors of its formation and development makes it possible to make more informed and effective decisions in the sphere of financial market development. Th

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Lyasko, A. "Stability in the informal value transfer systems: norms of trust or institutions of control?" Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 3 (March 20, 2017): 120–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2017-3-120-130.

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Informal financial operations exist in the shadow of official regulation and cannot be protected by the formal legal instruments, therefore raising concerns about the enforcement of obligations taken by their participants. This paper analyzes two alternative types of auxiliary institutions, which can coordinate expectations of the members of informal value transfer systems, namely attitudes of trust and norms of social control. It offers some preliminary approaches to creating a game-theoretic model of partner interaction in the informal value transfer system. It also sheds light on the perspe

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De Tavernier, Wouter, and Veerle Draulans. "Negotiating informal elder care, migration and exclusion: the case of a Turkish immigrant community in Belgium." International Journal of Ageing and Later Life 12, no. 2 (2019): 89–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/ijal.1652-8670.18404.

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In this article, we analyse the role exclusion plays in three theories explaining the provision of informal care for the elderly: norms and roles (sociological institutionalism), the availability and accessibility of formal care (rational choice institutionalism) and concerns about balancing time and money (rational choice theory). Feeding into the discussion on agency in old-age exclusion literature, we argue that exclusion shapes informal care provision in all three theories: social exclusion enforces norms, civic exclusion hinders appropriate formal care provision and economic exclusion red

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Matthews, Felicity. "Formal rules, informal norms and the everyday practice of coalition governance." British Journal of Politics and International Relations 21, no. 1 (2018): 148–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1369148118808457.

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Despite the significant attention devoted to their birth and death, the day-to-day operation of coalition government remains understudied. This article addresses this lacuna and sheds light on the dynamics of coalition governance by examining the interplay between macro-level institutions, meso-level values and micro-level practices. Focusing on the Conservative – Liberal Democrat Coalition that governed the United Kingdom between 2010 and 2015, this analysis reveals the extent to which the everyday practice of coalition governance is flexible, contingent, and proceeds through informal negotia

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Wahhaj, Zaki. "Social norms and individual savings in the context of informal insurance." Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization 76, no. 3 (2010): 511–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2010.08.012.

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Ching, Leong, and David J. H. Yu. "Turning the tide: informal institutional change in water reuse." Water Policy 12, S1 (2010): 121–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2010.117.

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This paper examines the impact of public opinion, time, and the ‘yuck’ factor in influencing the formation of water reuse norms based on an analysis of newspaper content observed in two locations: Singapore and Queensland, Australia. A simple regression analysis shows that time and the ‘yuck’ factor were significant factors in norm formation but, surprisingly, public opinion was not found to be a significant factor. The results show that public opinion, long held to be an important factor, may not be significant in the sense in which it is commonly conceived. It also shows how perception can b

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Voorhoeve, Maaike. "Informal Transactions with the Police." Middle East Law and Governance 6, no. 2 (2014): 70–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18763375-00602001.

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This article examines the intersection between, on the one hand, informal transactions with the police and, on the other, ‘sex crimes.’ Although prohibited by law, informal transactions have not been eradicated from the dealing between the police and civilians in Tunisia. Such transactions take place in case people have violated the law, but also, as this paper shows, when people have committed a ‘crime’ that is not described by legislation. In these cases, extra-legislative, informal norms are at play in two ways: the informal norm prescribing ‘paying off’ the police officer, and the informal

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Williams, Colin C. "Explaining and tackling the informal economy: an evaluation of competing perspectives." Open Economics 2, no. 1 (2019): 63–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/openec-2019-0007.

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AbstractThis paper provides an evidence-based evaluation of the competing ways of explaining and tackling the informal economy. Conventionally, participants have been viewed as rational economic actors who engage in the informal economy when the benefits outweigh the costs, and thus participation is deterred by increasing the sanctions and/or risks of detection. Recently, however, an alternative social actor approach has emerged viewing participation to result from a lack of vertical trust (i.e., their norms, values and beliefs are not in symmetry with the laws and regulations) and horizontal

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Syme, Tim. "The pervasive structure of society." Philosophy & Social Criticism 44, no. 8 (2017): 888–924. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0191453717730874.

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What does it mean to say that the demands of justice are institutional rather than individual? Justice is often thought to be directly concerned only with governmental institutions rather than individuals’ everyday, legally permissible actions. This approach has been criticized for ignoring the relevance to justice of informal social norms. This paper defends the idea that justice is distinctively institutional but rejects the primacy of governmental institutions. I argue that the ‘pervasive structure of society’ is the site of justice and injustice. It includes all widely enforced social rule

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Khurana, Sakshi. "Redefining norms, exploring new avenues: Negotiations of women informal workers in Delhi." International Journal of Comparative Sociology 61, no. 2-3 (2020): 178–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020715220940009.

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The changing nature of production activities in developing countries has brought into focus the contribution of large numbers of women who get pulled into the labor force either by choice or by compulsion. Women in the latter category often find themselves engaged in informal employment, in work that is inconsistent and low-paid, carried out under suboptimal working conditions. Their ability to improve their conditions of work and life is constrained not just by capitalist structures and the organization of production relations, but also by social structures of norms and cultural practices. Th

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Orlova, Alexandra V., and Veselin Boichev. "“Corruption Is Us”: Tackling Corruption by Examining the Interplay Between Formal Rules and Informal Norms Within the Russian Construction Industry." Journal of Developing Societies 33, no. 4 (2017): 401–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0169796x17735238.

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This article deals with the problem of tackling corruption within the Russian construction industry. It examines the interplay between formal anti-corruption rules and extensive informal norms that have become institutionalized within the Russian construction sector as well as the broader Russian society, especially when it comes to interaction with state officials. The article concludes that commitment and cooperation of a multitude of actors, leading to reduced reliance on informal rules and norms and an anti-corruption ethos that permeates all levels of interactions (i.e., citizen/state, bu

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Trinkaus, John. "Contemporary Opinions on Health Issues: An Informal Look." Perceptual and Motor Skills 69, no. 3-1 (1989): 867–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00315125890693-128.

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An informal look at the opinions of a convenience sample of business students and faculty on health-care-related issues suggests some departure from a set of national norms reported in Hippocrates, a general-interest magazine in the field. The nature of the differences appears to imply a greater willingness by business students and faculty to allow patients more discretion in determining courses of action.

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Prichard, Wilson, and Vanessa van den Boogaard. "Norms, Power, and the Socially Embedded Realities of Market Taxation in Northern Ghana." African Studies Review 60, no. 1 (2017): 171–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/asr.2017.3.

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Abstract:This article provides a ground-level view of market taxation in two local government areas in Ghana’s relatively disadvantaged northern region. It describes a system shaped by informal practices that are grounded in social relationships and collective norms, which sometimes foster greater equity and in other cases serve to reinforce existing inequalities. The evidence suggests the need for a more nuanced understanding of the highly informal and socially embedded realities of local tax collection, and the possibility that improved outcomes could be achieved by “working with the grain”

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Dai, Narisa Tianjing, Clinton Free, and Yves Gendron. "Interview-based research in accounting 2000–2014: Informal norms, translation and vibrancy." Management Accounting Research 42 (March 2019): 26–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mar.2018.06.002.

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Tarko, Vlad. "Polycentric structure and informal norms: competition and coordination within the scientific community." Innovation: The European Journal of Social Science Research 28, no. 1 (2014): 63–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13511610.2014.985194.

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Dippel, Christian, and Michael Poyker. "Rules versus norms: How formal and informal institutions shape judicial sentencing cycles." Journal of Comparative Economics 49, no. 3 (2021): 645–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jce.2021.02.003.

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van Compernolle, Rémi A., and Lawrence Williams. "LEARNER VERSUS NONLEARNER PATTERNS OF STYLISTIC VARIATION IN SYNCHRONOUS COMPUTER-MEDIATED FRENCH." Studies in Second Language Acquisition 31, no. 3 (2009): 471–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0272263109090378.

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This study analyzes stylistic variation among first-, second-, and third-year instructed learners of French engaged in synchronous French-language computer-mediated communication (CMC) and compares the results with data from nonlearner discourse in a public, noneducational synchronous CMC environment. We focus specifically on variability inyes/noquestion (YNQ) structures and the use of the pronounsnous“we” andon“one” or “we” for first-person plural reference. The results suggest that whereas first- and second-year learners rarely use informal variants, third-year students approximate—but do no

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Macanovic, Nebojsa. "Formal and informal systems in prison." Temida 10, no. 4 (2007): 57–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tem0704057m.

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Main question of modern penological theory and penitentiary practise is finding deeper social sense through general goal, which we define as resocialization of prisoners and creating conditions for successful life after leaving prison. Success of resocialization depends also on attitude of prisoners to formal system and following the rules and principles of that system. Opposite to formal system which is based on prison staff and normative system (Law of carrying out of a sentence and Book of regulations for house rules), exists informal system which is based on prisoners and their mutual rela

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Hallam, Cory R. A., and Gianluca Zanella. "Informal Entrepreneurship and Past Experience in an Emerging Economy." Journal of Entrepreneurship 26, no. 2 (2017): 163–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0971355717708843.

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Informal economies account for up to 70 per cent of GDP in developing countries, but few studies have explored informal entrepreneurship. To fill this gap, an exploratory study involving 855 university students in an emerging economy applies the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) to study the cognitive process of informal entrepreneurship. The effect of past experience (PE) and necessity entrepreneurship on the intention to start a business is also explored. Our findings provide evidence that the decision to start a business in the informal economy reinforces the effect of subjective norms on e

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Bierschenk, Thomas, and Jean-Pierre Olivier de Sardan. "How to study bureaucracies ethnographically?" Critique of Anthropology 39, no. 2 (2019): 243–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0308275x19842918.

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We propose a short epistemological and methodological reflection on the challenges of doing ethnographical research on public services (‘bureaucracies’) from the inside. We start from the recognition of the double face of bureaucracy, as a form of domination and oppression as well as of protection and liberation, and all the ambivalences this dialectic entails. We argue that, in classical Malinowskian fashion, the anthropology of bureaucracy should take bureaucrat as the ‘natives’, and acknowledge their agency. This means adopting basic anthropological postures: the natives (i.e. the bureaucra

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Warren, Danielle E. "The Persistence of Organizational Deviance: When Informal Sanctioning Systems Undermine Formal Sanctioning Systems." Business Ethics Quarterly 29, no. 1 (2018): 55–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/beq.2018.15.

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ABSTRACT:Organizations adopt formal sanctioning systems to deter ethical violations, but the formal systems’ effectiveness may be undermined by informal sanctioning systems which promote violations. I conducted an ethnographic study of six trading crowds on two financial exchanges to understand how informal and formal sanctioning systems, which are grounded in different interpretations of equity, interact to affect trader deviance from rules established by the financial exchange (exchange deviance). To deter informal trader norms that conflict with exchange rules, the exchanges formally prohib

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Zolotov, A. V., and N. A. Pripuzova. "Reproduction of social norms in Russia." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 7 (July 8, 2020): 127–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2020-7-127-141.

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The article considers the ineffective balance of Russian informal institutions, which is blocking economic development. The possibilities of overcoming the inefficient equilibrium are limited by social norms, which are reproduced, among other things, in the system of higher education. Higher education is one of the most effective channels for transmitting social norms. According to the hypothesis of socialization by R. Inglehart and the hypothesis of “impressionable years” by P. Giuliano and A. Spilimbergo, the period of greatest mental plasticity, when values and behavioral attitudes are form

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Rovegno, Inez, and Dianna Bandhauer. "Norms of the School Culture That Facilitated Teacher Adoption and Learning of a Constructivist Approach to Physical Education." Journal of Teaching in Physical Education 16, no. 4 (1997): 401–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jtpe.16.4.401.

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This interpretive case study describes five norms of the school culture that facilitated a teacher’s (the second author) adoption and learning of a constructivist approach to physical education. The second author used a movement approach initially based on Every Child a Winner. The first author conducted field observations at the elementary school across 3 years and formal interviews and numerous informal interviews each day of field work with teachers, principals, staff, and children. The five norms or set of norms were (a) the set of norms defining the school philosophy, (b) teacher learning

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Muldoon, Ryan. "UNDERSTANDING NORMS AND CHANGING THEM." Social Philosophy and Policy 35, no. 1 (2018): 128–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0265052518000092.

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Abstract:It is crucial for policymakers to focus their attention on social norms if they want to improve policy outcomes, but doing so brings in new normative questions about the appropriate role of the state. Indeed, I argue that efforts to reduce coercion at the state level can create potentially pernicious and difficult to eliminate forms of coercion at the informal level. This creates a new normative challenge for thinking about the broader regulatory apparatus, and complicates our approach in utilizing social norms for democratic policy ends. I will distinguish between two forms of social

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Williams, Colin C., and Ioana A. Horodnic. "Explaining the Prevalence of the Informal Economy in the Baltics: an Institutional Asymmetry Perspective." European Spatial Research and Policy 22, no. 2 (2015): 127–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/esrp-2015-0029.

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Reporting a 2013 Eurobarometer survey of participation in the informal economy across eight Baltic countries, this paper tentatively explains the informal economy from an institutional perspective as associated with the asymmetry between the codified laws and regulations of the formal institutions (state morality) and the norms, values and beliefs of citizens (civic morality). Identifying that this non-alignment of civic morality with the formal rules is more acute when there is greater poverty and inequality, less effective redistribution and lower levels of state intervention in the labour m

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Frolov, D. "Methodological Institutionalism: A New Approach to the Evolution of Economic Science." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 11 (November 20, 2008): 90–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2008-11-90-101.

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In the article the perspective approach in philosophy of science - methodological institutionalism - is discussed which regards economic ideas as scientific and ideological institutions. This approach allows to apply tools of modern institutional theory to the history of economic thought. The evolutionary analysis of science should put an emphasis on studying status interests of scientists, local rationalities and informal hierarchies of scientific communities, informal norms and values, epistemological institutional "traps" and models of scientific cognition.

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Gel’man, Vladimir. "Subversive institutions, informal governance, and contemporary Russian politics." Communist and Post-Communist Studies 45, no. 3-4 (2012): 295–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.postcomstud.2012.07.005.

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The article presents an analysis of “informal institutionalization” in post-Communist Russia in theoretical and comparative perspective. It is devoted to critical analysis of existing explanations of the dominance of subversive institutions – that is, those rules, norms, and practices that at first sight partly resemble institutions of modern democracy, good governance and rule of law, but in fact inhibit them. While “pessimists” focus on cultural and historical embeddedness of subversive institutions in Russia, “optimists” draw their attention to patterns of post-Communist state-building, and

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