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Journal articles on the topic 'Informal sector (Economics) – Uganda'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 16 February 2022

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1

Theeuwen, Amber, Valérie Duplat, Christopher Wickert, and Brian Tjemkes. "How Do Women Overcome Gender Inequality by Forming Small-Scale Cooperatives? The Case of the Agricultural Sector in Uganda." Sustainability 13, no. 4 (February 7, 2021): 1797. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13041797.

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In Uganda, the agricultural sector contributes substantially to gross domestic product. Although the involvement of Ugandan women in this sector is extensive, female farmers face significant obstacles, caused by gendering that impedes their ability to expand their family business and to generate incomes. Gender refers to social or cultural categories by which women–men relationships are conceived. In this study, we aim to investigate how gendering influences the development of business relationships in the Ugandan agricultural sector. To do so, we employed a qualitative–inductive methodology to collect unique data on the rice and cassava sectors. Our findings reveal at first that, in the agricultural sector in Uganda, inter-organization business relationships (i.e., between non-family actors) are mostly developed by and between men, whereas intra-organization business relationships with family members are mostly developed by women. We learn that gendering impedes women from developing inter-organization business relationships. Impediments for female farmers include their restricted mobility, the lack of trust by men, their limited freedom in communication, household duties, and responsibilities for farming activities up until sales. Our findings also reveal that these impediments to developing inter-organization business relationships prevent female farmers from being empowered and from attainting economic benefits for the family business. In this context, the results of our study show that grouping in small-scale cooperatives offers female farmers an opportunity to overcome gender inequality and to become economically emancipated. Thanks to these cooperatives, women can develop inter-organization relationships with men and other women and gain easier access to financial resources. Small-scale cooperatives can alter gendering in the long run, in favor of more gender equality and less marginalization of women. Our study responds to calls for more research on the informal economy in developing countries and brings further understanding to the effect of gendering in the Ugandan agricultural sector. We propose a theoretical framework with eight propositions bridging gendering, business relationship development, and empowerment and economic benefits. Our framework serves as a springboard for policy implications aimed at fostering gender equality in informal sectors in developing countries.

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Monteith, William, and Lena Giesbert. "‘When the stomach is full we look for respect’: perceptions of ‘good work’ in the urban informal sectors of three developing countries." Work, Employment and Society 31, no. 5 (July 1, 2016): 816–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0950017016650606.

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There is growing interest in the ability of the informal sector to provide gainful work in much of the developing world. However, the literature on work in the informal sector remains dominated by resource- and rights-based approaches, which fail to consider the features of work valued by informal workers themselves. This article investigates perceptions of ‘good work’ based on focus group discussions with informal workers in the capitals of Uganda, Burkina Faso and Sri Lanka. Using the capability approach as a framework, it reveals that informal workers value a combination of instrumental features of work, such as income and working hours, and intrinsic aspects, such as relationships and recognition. The article’s findings contribute to debates on quality of work in formal and informal contexts by illustrating the role of social and environmental conversion factors, including gender and class relations, in mediating the relationship between work and well-being.

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OKURUT, F. N., A. SCHOOMBEE, and S. BERG. "CREDIT DEMAND AND CREDIT RATIONING IN THE INFORMAL FINANCIAL SECTOR IN UGANDA1." South African Journal of Economics 73, no. 3 (September 2005): 482–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1813-6982.2005.00033.x.

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4

Kiggundu, Amin Tamale. "Constraints to Urban Planning and Management of Secondary Towns in Uganda." Indonesian Journal of Geography 46, no. 1 (June 30, 2014): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijg.4986.

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Many towns in Uganda are growing at an unprecedented rate. By 2030 more than 50% of Ugandans will beliving in urban centres. This rapid growth of urban centres in Uganda provides for economic opportunities for manyurban residents. It also poses various challenges such as urban sprawl, emergence of informal settlements as well asurban poverty. Over 60% of the urban residents in Uganda live in the informal settlements with no basic services andinfrastructure such as piped water, decent housing, good roads, sewerage systems as well as schools and health centres.This paper aims to examine and understand the constraints to urban planning and management of secondary towns inUganda. Using an eclectic mix of research methods such as face to face interviews targeting key informants, a questionnairesurvey as well as observation, the study found that the current modernist planning approach has not achieved itsintended goal of promoting orderly urban development and improve service delivery in the secondary towns. The studyalso revealed that the urban residents are rarely involved in planning. Besides, there is an apparent mismatch betweenwhat is taught at the local planning schools and what is required in terms of planning in the secondary towns. To addressthese intractable urban challenges, it is critical that the current planning education and curriculum are reviewed to producecreative and imaginative planners that can respond more effectively to the community problems, adopt a strategyto promote strategic spatial planning that is more participatory, carry out public awareness campaigns about the need forproper planning of towns and adopt a strategy for promoting innovative funding programmes such as municipal bonds,use of the stock exchange to mobilise the required investable funds, allow the private sector to access institutional fundssuch as the employee provident fund and promote public-private partnerships.

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5

Hussein Kakembo, Ssemambo, Muhamad Abduh, and Pg Md Hasnol Alwee Pg Hj Md Salleh. "Adopting Islamic microfinance as a mechanism of financing small and medium enterprises in Uganda." Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development 28, no. 4 (April 29, 2021): 537–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jsbed-04-2019-0126.

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PurposeDespite the fact that small and medium enterprises (SMEs) play a crucial role in strengthening the financial sector within developing and emerging economies through providing employment opportunities to the rural and urban population, capacity building in the form of skills training and economic empowerment, they still face a plethora of challenges that continue to threaten their existence, performance and growth. Access to operational and administrative funds needed to execute their activities effectively is a significant challenge and detrimental to the growth of SMEs in Uganda. Conversely, Islamic microfinance has been noted as a panacea to the challenges of financial inaccessibility among SMEs, especially in developing countries. The purpose of this paper is therefore to investigate how the adoption of Islamic microfinance can play a fundamental role in enhancing the sustainability of microfinance institutions (MFIs) while meeting the financing challenges of SMEs in Uganda.Design/methodology/approachIn this study, a review of existing literature was carried out to critically examine relevant information (literature sources) and empirical studies on SMEs, their performance and challenges. The study being conceptual tries to understand how Islamic microfinance could be adopted as an alternative scheme of financing to bridge the gap and mitigate the financial challenges facing SMEs.FindingsThe study finds that the existing MFIs have failed to achieve their objectives of providing financial services to the poor and SMEs while remaining sustainable. This has left the majority of SMEs within Uganda's informal sector financially handicapped, thus leading to their failure in meeting their expectations and eventually collapsing even before celebrating their third or fourth birthdays. However, the enactment into law of the Financial Institutions Amendment Act 2016 that paved the way for the introduction of Islamic finance in Uganda, and the Tier 4 Microfinance Institutions and Money Lenders' Act, 2016 that incorporated the aspects of Islamic microfinance within the existing microfinance framework as seen and is perceived as a key factor in addressing the financial challenges faced by MFIs and the SMEs if fully adopted.Research limitations/implicationsThis study is conceptual with no empirical investigation and discussion of key theories. On the contrary, it will be imperative and useful when carrying out more extensive hypothetical studies by future researchers, specifically in the area of Islamic microfinance that is relatively new in Uganda.Practical implicationsPractically, this paper will serve as a guide to policymakers and practitioners in the field of microfinance by adding a flair that could enable in bridging the challenges associated with inadequate financing of SMEs in Uganda.Social implicationsSocially, the social aspects of charity (Zakah and Sadaqah) will help to improve the livelihood of the poorest of the poor who cannot engage in active business through meeting their basic needs of life without begging thereby preventing them from being social outcasts.Originality/valueThe study establishes Islamic microfinance (IMF) as a promising and unexplored viable option potentially needed in intensifying the financing needs of SMEs in Uganda. The paper provides an entirely new dimension in nature and way microfinance products should be structured with a view of ensuring that there is sustainable provision of financial services to SMEs. The paper adds real value to the existing conventional microfinance products and services in Uganda, given the ethical and moral attributes of Islamic microfinancing practices that are assumed to efficiently and effectively motivate SME owners and other small entrepreneurs to thrive.

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6

Moses, Kayizzi. "Pro-Poor tourism strategies in local communities in Uganda: A case study of lake Bunyonyi in Kabale district." International Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Studies 2, no. 1 (June 2021): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.31559/ijhts2021.2.1.5.

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The study examined the effectiveness of pro-poor tourism strategies on local communities in Uganda taking a case study of the Lake Bunyonyi tourist area. Using a descriptive research design, data was collected from a total of 120 community members with the aid of questionnaires. Interviews were also conducted on 10 key informants. The study found that pro-poor tourism strategies that are aimed at enhancing economic benefits to the poor are generally moderately effective as established by the composite mean. This is because the tourism enterprises have employed locals within their ranks, created opportunities for the informal sector and small businesses, boosted household income through home projects such as poultry rearing, bee keeping and fish farming. However, this has been undermined by failure by the enterprises to increased access to market opportunities indirectly to tourism enterprises and to increase community access to investment funds, loans, and micro credit schemes. The study also found that pro-poor tourism strategies that are aimed at enhancing non-financial benefits to the poor are generally moderately effective The strategies have really not succeeded as such in enhancing other non-economic livelihood benefits like; increasing access to health care, health care education for example reproductive health, HIV and malaria prevention; increasing local access to infrastructure and services for example roads, running water, internet, and telephones and improving environmental support. The study found that pro-poor tourism strategies that are aimed at enhancing community participation and partnership are generally moderately effective. The strategies have not fully succeeded in enhancing the participation and involvement of the poor in tourist activities. The study concluded that the pro-poor tourism strategies are only moderately effective in improving the economic benefits to the community, in enhancing non-economic benefits and enhancing of community participation and partnership of the poor in tourist activities.

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7

Livingstone, Ian, and Susan Kemigisha. "Some Evidence on Informal Sector Apprenticeship in Uganda." Journal of Modern African Studies 33, no. 2 (June 1995): 339–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x0002111x.

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The system of apprenticeship within the so-called informal sector in East and Central Africa is generally thought to be more limited than in West Africa, albeit less well documented. This note reports briefly some findings from Uganda, based on a survey covering 45 metal-working and 45 wood-working establishments in and around Kampala from June to August 1993. Selected on a more or less random basis, all 90 were in the ‘micro-enterprise’ category, employing less than to persons, with a mean size of 5·7 (metal) and 5·0 (wood). As regards the first trade, 25 of these establishments were located in Katwe, seven in Kisenyi, six in Bwaise, four in Nbeeda, and three in Nakawa. The sample of wood-working establishments was selected more widely from 16 different locations, the most from any one place being seven.

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8

Lopez-Martin, Bernabe. "INFORMAL SECTOR MISALLOCATION." Macroeconomic Dynamics 23, no. 8 (June 1, 2018): 3065–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1365100517001055.

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A quantitative framework of firm dynamics is developed where the size of the informal sector is determined by financial constraints and the burden of taxation. Improving access to credit for formal sector firms increases aggregate total factor productivity and output while reducing the size of the informal sector. Introducing size-dependent taxes reduces the gains from financial development as they incentivize firms to produce at a relatively limited scale. The aggregate effects of eliminating formal sector registration costs are positive but modest relative to previous theoretical models and the gains generated by financial development, and consistent with empirical evidence based on micro-level data.

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9

Lince, Sarah. "The Informal Sector in Jinja, Uganda: Implications of Formalization and Regulation." African Studies Review 54, no. 2 (September 2011): 73–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/arw.2011.0029.

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Abstract:This article examines two policies targeting the informal open-air market and fishing sectors in Jinja, Uganda. The informal sector has grown to become a significant source of livelihood for people in growing cities such as Jinja. At the same time, development policies have become increasingly concerned with encouraging formalization as well as the participation of local stakeholders in governance and decision-making. While there has been much debate about the potential impacts of formalizing previously informal, unregulated, unpermitted activities, the implications of these policies for informal vendors and fishers have received less attention. Despite their promises of addressing previous marginalization, the patterns of participation and formalization enforced by these two policies in Uganda have reduced the control of these individuals over their own livelihoods, as well as intensifying contestations of local authority and jurisdiction over resources.

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10

Dobson, Stephen, Carlyn Ramlogan-Dobson, and Eric Strobl. "Savings and the informal sector." International Review of Applied Economics 34, no. 2 (January 7, 2020): 217–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02692171.2019.1707783.

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11

Kar, Saibal, and Sugata Marjit. "Urban informal sector and poverty." International Review of Economics & Finance 18, no. 4 (October 2009): 631–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.iref.2008.06.009.

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12

Yuki, Kazuhiro. "Urbanization, informal sector, and development." Journal of Development Economics 84, no. 1 (September 2007): 76–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2006.09.004.

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13

Nabunya, Phoebe, Ruth Mubeezi, and Phyllis Awor. "Prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding among mothers in the informal sector, Kampala Uganda." PLOS ONE 15, no. 9 (September 24, 2020): e0239062. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0239062.

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14

Beltrán, Arlette. "Informal sector competition and firm productivity." Applied Economics Letters 27, no. 15 (October 11, 2019): 1243–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13504851.2019.1676383.

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15

JOSHI, KAUSHAL, GLENITA AMORANTO, and RANA HASAN. "INFORMAL SECTOR ENTERPRISES: SOME MEASUREMENT ISSUES." Review of Income and Wealth 57 (May 2011): S143—S165. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.2011.00449.x.

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16

Cuff, Katherine, Nicolas Marceau, Steeve Mongrain, and Joanne Roberts. "Optimal Policies with an Informal Sector." Journal of Public Economics 95, no. 11-12 (December 2011): 1280–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2010.10.010.

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17

Yuzon, Isagani F. "The Informal Labor Sector Amidst Globalization." Humanomics 21, no. 1 (January 2005): 21–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb018898.

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18

Straub, Stéphane. "Informal sector: The credit market channel." Journal of Development Economics 78, no. 2 (December 2005): 299–321. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2004.09.005.

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19

Mizrahi, Roberto. "Las condiciones fundacionales del sector informal urbano." Desarrollo Económico 28, no. 112 (January 1989): 601. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3467004.

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20

Leal Ordóñez, Julio César. "Tax collection, the informal sector, and productivity." Review of Economic Dynamics 17, no. 2 (April 2014): 262–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.red.2013.07.004.

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21

GIBSON, BILL, and BRUCE KELLEY. "A CLASSICAL THEORY OF THE INFORMAL SECTOR." Manchester School 62, no. 1 (March 1994): 81–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9957.1994.tb00647.x.

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22

BROOM, M., and CAROLYN JOYCE-CLARKE. "A Retail Perspective of the Informal Sector." South African Journal of Economics 58, no. 4 (December 1990): 290–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1813-6982.1990.tb00956.x.

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23

Arvin-Rad, Hassan, Arnab K. Basu, and Maria Willumsen. "Economic reform, informal–formal sector linkages and intervention in the informal sector in developing countries: A paradox." International Review of Economics & Finance 19, no. 4 (October 2010): 662–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.iref.2010.04.002.

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Kintu, Ismail, Yusuf Kiwala, and Faizo Buyinza. "Profiting with Values: A Qualitative Approach to SMEs in the Informal Economy of Uganda’s Central Region." International Journal of Business and Management 15, no. 12 (November 26, 2020): 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v15n12p169.

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The study sought to establish the core values which influence SME profitability in Uganda’s informal economy. By employing a qualitative approach, interviews from twenty-five respondents were conducted. Data were analyzed by coding and networks with the help of the Atlas.ti 8 tool. The study findings indicate that: whereas the accounting profession defines profitability to be return on assets (ROA), return on investment (ROI), and return on equity (ROE), entrepreneurs in Uganda’s informal economy do not understand these traditional profit measurement criteria. Instead, they understand sales and expenses. Besides, fairness, respect, responsibility, and cleanliness were established as core values that catalyze SME sales. It is important for the government through the private-sector foundation and traders’ association to continuously train these entrepreneurs about financial matters. Also, the accounting professionals through the regulatory body may establish a wing that can help these informal traders in financial matters, the way the Uganda law society is approaching to help out vulnerable people who cannot afford the services of expensive lawyers.

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KAR, Saibal, Biswajit MANDAL, Sugata MARJIT, and Vivekananda MUKHERJEE. "SEEKING RENT IN THE INFORMAL SECTOR." Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics 91, no. 1 (October 4, 2019): 151–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/apce.12253.

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Kevin, Nwanna Uchechukwu. "The Occurrence of Workplace Hazards among Selected Workers in the Informal Sector Kampala Uganda." Occupational Diseases and Environmental Medicine 07, no. 04 (2019): 164–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/odem.2019.74013.

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Theisen, Theis. "Tanzanian formal sector workers' participation in informal production." Applied Economics 37, no. 21 (December 10, 2005): 2469–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00036840500366197.

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28

Dijkstra, Bouwe R. "Good and Bad Equilibria with the Informal Sector." Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics 167, no. 4 (2011): 668. http://dx.doi.org/10.1628/jite-2011-0008.

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29

Gupta, Manash Ranjan. "Informal sector and informal capital market in a small open less-developed economy." Journal of Development Economics 52, no. 2 (April 1997): 409–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0304-3878(96)00445-2.

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30

McCaig, Brian, and Nina Pavcnik. "Informal Employment in a Growing and Globalizing Low-Income Country." American Economic Review 105, no. 5 (May 1, 2015): 545–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.p20151051.

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We document several facts about workforce transitions from the informal to the formal sector in Vietnam, a fast growing, industrializing, and low-income country. First, younger workers, particularly migrants, are more likely to work in the formal sector and stay there permanently. Second, the decline in the aggregate share of informal employment occurs through changes between and within birth cohorts. Third, younger, educated, male, and urban workers are more likely to switch to the formal sector than other workers initially in the informal sector. Poorly educated, older, female, rural workers face little prospect of formalization. Fourth, formalization coincides with occupational upgrading.

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31

Williams, Colin C., Ioana Alexandra Horodnic, and Jan Windebank. "Evaluating the internal dualism of the informal sector: evidence from the European Union." Journal of Economic Studies 44, no. 4 (September 11, 2017): 605–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jes-07-2016-0144.

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Purpose To transcend the current debates about whether participation in the informal sector is a result of informal workers “exclusion” or their voluntary “exit” from the formal sector, the purpose of this paper is to propose and evaluate the existence of a dual informal labour market composed of an exit-driven “upper tier” and exclusion-driven “lower-tier” of informal workers. Design/methodology/approach To do this, data from a 2013 Eurobarometer survey involving 27,563 face-to-face interviews across the European Union is reported. Findings The finding is that in the European Union, there is a dual informal labour market with those participating in the informal sector due to their exclusion from the formal sector being half the number of those doing so to voluntarily exit the formal sector. Using a logistic regression analysis, the exclusion-driven “lower tier” is identified as significantly more likely to be populated by the unemployed and those living in East-Central Europe and the exit-driven “upper tier” by those with few financial difficulties and living in Nordic nations. Research limitations/implications The results reveal the need not only to transcend either/or debates about whether participants in the informal sector are universally exclusion-or exit-driven, and to adopt a both/and approach that recognises a dual informal labour market composed of an exit-driven upper tier and exclusion-driven lower tier, but also for wider research on the relative sizes of these two tiers in individual countries and other global regions, along with which groups populate these tiers. Originality/value This is the first evaluation of the internal dualism of the informal sector in the European Union.

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32

Bose, Pinaki. "Formal–informal sector interaction in rural credit markets." Journal of Development Economics 56, no. 2 (August 1998): 265–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0304-3878(98)00066-2.

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33

FUKUCHI, Takao. "A SIMULATION ANALYSIS OF THE URBAN INFORMAL SECTOR." Developing Economies 36, no. 3 (September 1998): 225–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1746-1049.1998.tb00218.x.

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Bhattacharya, Snehashish, and Surbhi Kesar. "Possibilities of Transformation: The Informal Sector in India." Review of Radical Political Economics 50, no. 4 (September 26, 2018): 727–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0486613418793989.

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We identify a basic dualism between capitalist and noncapitalist spaces within the vast informal sector in India, and show that this dualism has been reproduced and reinforced during the past decade of high economic growth. This calls into question the idea of capitalist transition that informs much of the discourse on economic development. We provide some preliminary arguments about the nature of this dualism and the process of reproduction of the noncapitalist economic space. JEL Classifications: O14, O17, J46

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Otieno, Gloria Atieno, Travis W. Reynolds, Altinay Karasapan, and Isabel Lopez Noriega. "Implications of Seed Policies for On-Farm Agro-Biodiversity in Ethiopia and Uganda." Sustainable Agriculture Research 6, no. 4 (August 3, 2017): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/sar.v6n4p12.

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Across East Africa, national seed policies and commercial seed enterprises have focused on increasing farmers’ access to modern seed varieties. These new varieties are developed and delivered to farmers via the formal seed system, which is comprised of government and private sector seed breeders, processors, and vendors. However, the formal seed system only provides a small share (<20%) of smallholders’ seed in the region. Most farmers source seed from informal seed systems, including own-saved seed, exchanges with neighbors, and local seed markets. At the local level, informal seed systems are preferred by farmers because of proximity and local varietal preferences (e.g., crop variety tastes and suitability for local environmental conditions). At the national and regional levels, the conservation and use of local crop varieties through informal systems has also provided a wealth of crop genetic diversity increasingly recognized as critical for climate change adaptation. To evaluate how policies in East Africa impact seed systems we systematically code 117 provisions in 21 national seed policies in Ethiopia (n=11) and Uganda (n=10), highlighting the implications of current and proposed policies for the availability and accessibility of: (i) improved seed; (ii) quality-controlled seed; and (iii) genetically diverse local seed in both the formal and informal seed systems in each country.

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Mughal, Khurrum S., Friedrich G. Schneider, Faheem Aslam, and Alishba Tahir. "Money Multiplier Bias Due to Informal Sector: An Extension of the Existing Money Multiplier." South Asian Journal of Macroeconomics and Public Finance 10, no. 2 (January 13, 2021): 139–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2277978720979888.

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To demonstrate the impact of informal economy on the official money multiplier in currency supply, we present an extension of the basic money multiplier model. The influence of economic policies may differ if they are based only on official statistics without considering the informal sector. Since most of the activities in informal sector are hidden from authorities, it is widely assumed that these activities are based on cash transactions, a part of total currency that cannot be attracted towards deposits due to the holder’s fear of prosecution and taxation, etc. Therefore, it is expected that such currency holdings can give biased results by playing a role in the money multiplier, a phenomenon that is usually ignored while attempting to alter money supply. The article also indicates that because of informal sector, the currency deposit ratio in the money multiplier is smaller than expected (depending on size of the informal sector), leading to a larger multiplier effect. JEL Classifications: E26, E51, O17

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WILLIAMS, COLIN C. "POLICY APPROACHES TOWARD INFORMAL SECTOR ENTREPRENEURSHIP: AN OVERVIEW." Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship 26, no. 02 (June 2021): 2150013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1084946721500138.

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This paper reviews the policy options and measures available for tackling informal sector entrepreneurship. Four possible policy options are critically reviewed: doing nothing, eradicating informal entrepreneurship; eradicating formal entrepreneurship and formalizing informal entrepreneurship. Concluding that the latter is the most feasible option, policy measures for formalizing informal entrepreneurship are then reviewed. On the one hand, the range of policy measures that can be used by enforcement authorities (tax authorities, labor inspectorates and social security institutions) responsible for tackling informal entrepreneurship are evaluated. On the other hand, and to tackle the broader structural determinants of informal entrepreneurship, macro-level reforms are identified by evaluating critically the validity of the purported determinants proposed in the modernization, political economy, neo-liberal and neo-institutionalist theories. The outcome is an understanding of the full range of policy initiatives required by governments seeking to formalize informal sector entrepreneurship.

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Yabuuchi, Shigemi, and Hamid Beladi. "Urban unemployment, informal sector and development policies." Journal of Economics 74, no. 3 (October 2001): 301–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01231352.

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Mandal, Biswajit. "Recessionary Shock, Capital Mobility and the Informal Sector." South Asia Economic Journal 17, no. 1 (February 9, 2016): 149–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1391561415621828.

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40

Chandra, Vandana, and M. Ali Khan. "Foreign Investment in the Presence of an Informal Sector." Economica 60, no. 237 (February 1993): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2554732.

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TELLA, S. A. "The Consumption Function and Informal Sector Credit in Nigeria." South African Journal of Economics 66, no. 4 (December 1998): 256–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1813-6982.1998.tb01266.x.

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42

Piggott, John, and John Whalley. "VAT Base Broadening, Self Supply, and the Informal Sector." American Economic Review 91, no. 4 (September 1, 2001): 1084–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.91.4.1084.

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Otekunrin, Adegbola, Kudzanai Matowanyika, and Chena Tafadzwa. "An Analysis of the Aspects Hampering Informal Sector Tax Administration: Case of the Zimbabwe Revenue Authority." International Journal of Financial Research 12, no. 5 (June 10, 2021): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/ijfr.v12n5p10.

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The main focus of the study was to ascertain the potential of the informal sector to provide much-needed revenue for the government. It also focused on the challenges faced in informal sector revenue taxation and possible solutions thereof. The Zimbabwe revenue authority has maintained presumptive tax for the sector and subcontracting to the city of Harare for the collection of revenue from the informal sector. Despite all this, the industry still underperformed in terms of revenue raised. The study sought to find out challenges of taxing the informal sector, the potential of the informal sector, the effectiveness of the Zimbabwe revenue authority in taxing the informal sector, and possible ways of improving the taxing of this rampant sector. The study found out that there is great potential from the informal sector, but turning it into tangible gains has been elusive due to political interference, lack of proper infrastructure, unfair application of tax laws and general mistrust of the government. The study recommended that the government ought to play an active role by making sure there is the political will to make sure that players in the informal sector contribute to the focus in line with Adam Smith’s general principles which include fairness and equity. There is a need for staffing levels to be commensurate with the workloads and also the motivation of the employees. The research also recommended the adaptation of Information Communication Technology to ensure accountability and traceability of transactions in the informal sector as they move away from a cash-based system recommendation.

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Mahata, Sushobhan, Rohan Kanti Khan, and Ranjanendra Narayan Nag. "Economic Recession, Informal Sector and Skilled–Unskilled Wage Disparity in a Developing Economy: A Trade-Theoretical Analysis." Foreign Trade Review 55, no. 2 (January 24, 2020): 168–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0015732519894132.

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The paper analyses some selective aspects of economic crises, namely skilled-sector recession, reversed international migration of labour and decline in foreign capital inflow on the informal sector employment and wage rate in developing economies and seeks to explain the non-monotonic effect on the informal sector both across nations and within nation across sectors. In so doing, we develop three-sector General Equilibrium models under two different scenarios which may apply to a large class of emerging market economies. In the first model, we have a traded informal export sector, and the role of the non-traded informal sector in the presence of credit market imperfection is analysed in the second model. Skilled-sector recession produces a favourable (unfavourable) effect on the workers employed in the traded informal sector (non-traded informal sector) due to an induced complementary relationship between the high-skilled export sector and the informal sector. A fall in emigration level of skilled or unskilled worker and a decline in foreign capital inflow hurt the workers in the informal traded sector, while the workers in the non-traded informal sector gain. The results of the paper reflect contradictions of an emerging economy, which is essentially hybrid economics in which capitalist nucleus has a conditional-conditioning relationship with an archaic structure. JEL Codes: F13, J31

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Williams, Colin C., and Anjula Gurtoo. "Women entrepreneurs in the Indian informal sector." International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship 3, no. 1 (March 29, 2011): 6–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/17566261111114953.

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Naidoo, GP, and TI Fenyes. "Quantitative linkages between the formal and informal sectors in the South African economy." South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 6, no. 4 (November 15, 2003): 693–723. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v6i4.1513.

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The need to quantify the impact of the informal sector has thus far not received adequate attention so as to allow policy makers, informal sector enterprises and the formal sector to determine which specific areas of the economy should be further analysed for the purposes of ascertaining the linkages that exist between the formal and informal sectors. In this study, an attempt is made to quantify the linkages between the formal and informal sector, using the 1993 South African Input–Output Table. By disaggregating the formal and informal sectors, it has been possible to determine specific coefficients for both sectors. The “importexport” concept has been used to show how these sectors are interrelated. The multiplier analysis confirms that certain sectors of the informal sector may be more responsive to changes in the final demand than the formal sector.

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La Porta, Rafael, and Andrei Shleifer. "Informality and Development." Journal of Economic Perspectives 28, no. 3 (August 1, 2014): 109–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jep.28.3.109.

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In developing countries, informal firms account for up to half of economic activity. They provide livelihood for billions of people. Yet their role in economic development remains controversial with some viewing informality as pent-up potential and others viewing informality as a parasitic organizational form that hinders economic growth. In this paper, we assess these perspectives. We argue that the evidence is most consistent with dual models, in which informality arises out of poverty and the informal and formal sectors are very different. It seems that informal firms have low productivity and produce low-quality products; and, consequently, they do not pose a threat to the formal firms. Economic growth comes from the formal sector, that is, from firms run by educated entrepreneurs and exhibiting much higher levels of productivity. The expansion of the formal sector leads to the decline of the informal sector in relative and eventually absolute terms. A few informal firms convert to formality, but more generally they disappear because they cannot compete with the much more-productive formal firms.

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BANDOPADHYAY, TITAS KUMAR. "FOREIGN ENCLAVES, INFORMAL SECTOR AND URBAN UNEMPLOYMENT: A THEORETICAL ANALYSIS." Singapore Economic Review 54, no. 01 (April 2009): 89–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217590809003136.

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We consider a small open Harris-Todaro (1970) economy with a rural foreign enclave and urban informal sector. We introduce consumption-efficiency relation to explain the simultaneous existence of informal sector and urban unemployment. The main objective of this paper is to analyse the effects of removal of subsidy, given to the foreign enclave, on urban unemployment and on domestic factor income. Our results shed light on the debate: whether subsidies should be removed from the agri-export sector.

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Dutta, Meghna. "Does Informality Hold the Key to Growth and Stability?" Applied Economics Quarterly: Volume 66, Issue 1 66, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 29–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3790/aeq.66.1.29.

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This paper attempts to analyse the impact of a prevailing informal sector on the dynamics of growth and inflation in developing economies. The high growth rates posited by most developing economies in the presence of a huge informal sector suggest that this sector might not be the malefactor as often indicated. The main results show that the informal economy not only contributes to economic growth but the firms also help to significantly reduce inflation by generating employment and hence maintain political stability in the economy despite the existence of a huge pool of “surplus labourers”.

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Dessy, Sylvain, and Stéphane Pallage. "Taxes, inequality and the size of the informal sector." Journal of Development Economics 70, no. 1 (February 2003): 225–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0304-3878(02)00086-x.

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