Journal articles: 'Informalization'

1

Kilminster, Richard. "Narcissism or Informalization?" Theory, Culture & Society 25, no. 3 (May 2008): 131–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0263276408090661.

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Lachmann, Richard, Faruk Tabak, and Michaeline A. Crichlow. "Informalization: Process and Structure." Contemporary Sociology 31, no. 3 (May 2002): 281. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3089664.

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Osha, Sanya. "The informalization of urbanity." African Identities 5, no. 3 (December 2007): 331–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14725840701597027.

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Slavnic, Zoran. "POLITICAL ECONOMY OF INFORMALIZATION." European Societies 12, no. 1 (February 2010): 3–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14616690903042724.

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Wilson, Tamar Diana. "Precarization, Informalization, and Marx." Review of Radical Political Economics 52, no. 3 (June 19, 2019): 470–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0486613419843199.

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It is argued that informalization (used primarily to understand economic dynamics in the Global South) and precarization (used primarily in the analysis of the labor market in the Global North) are in the process of becoming identical phenomena and are both related to the expansion of the reserve army of labor. Insights from Marx are useful in understand both processes, especially his concepts of the value of labor, of formal subsumption vs. real subsumption, and of absolute vs. relative surplus value. The vast expansion and globalization of the labor force has fostered the trend toward a reversion to formal subsumption and facilitated the recommodification of labor.

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Wouters, Cas. "Developments in the Behavioural Codes between the Sexes: The Formalization of Informalization in the Netherlands, 1930-85." Theory, Culture & Society 4, no. 2-3 (June 1987): 405–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026327687004002012.

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This article is about changes in dominant modes of social conduct, particularly involving relationships between the sexes. Changes in behavioural codes and ideals were noted in the course of a comparative analysis of etiquette books published in the Netherlands from 1930 to 1985. There was a gap of approximately thirteen years (1966-79) during which, with one exception, no books on this subject were published. There was, however, an upsurge of books on liberation and self-realization, coupled with a relative loosening of behavioural codes and ideals. Since the start of the 1980s, there appears to have been a tightening of these codes and ideals, both as regards relationships between men and women and in general. These changes are presented as developments in the sense of informalization and formalization, aspects of civilizing processes. The article commences with a short elaboration upon the concepts of informalization and formalization, goes on to present the results of the comparative analysis of the etiquette books, and concludes that nowadays a (re)formalization of preceding informalization is taking place, a stage in the long-term process of informalization.

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Iga, Mitsuya. "Informalization in the World-system." Japanese Sociological Review 43, no. 3 (1992): 266–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4057/jsr.43.266.

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Peterson, V. Spike. "Informalization, Inequalities and Global Insecurities." International Studies Review 12, no. 2 (June 7, 2010): 244–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2486.2010.00930.x.

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9

Haro, Fernando Ampudia de, and Cas Wouters. "Informalization: Manners & Emotions since 1890." Reis, no. 123 (2008): 255. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40184900.

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Dempsey, Nicholas P. "Informalization: Manners and Emotions Since 1890." Contemporary Sociology: A Journal of Reviews 38, no. 4 (July 2009): 318–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009430610903800408.

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11

Webster, Edward, Katherine Joynt, and Thabang Sefalafala. "Informalization and decent work: Labour’s challenge." Progress in Development Studies 16, no. 2 (February 3, 2016): 203–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1464993415623152.

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12

Boudreau, Julie-Anne, and Diane E. Davis. "Introduction: A processual approach to informalization." Current Sociology 65, no. 2 (September 24, 2016): 151–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011392116657286.

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This introduction briefly reviews the intertwinement of ‘informality’ and ‘modernization’ and their implications for the theory and practice of the city. The editors identify the importance of recognizing uneven processes of informalization, emphasizing the need to compare the quality of state–citizen–market relations more than the quantity of ‘informality.’ In the process they ask whether and how informal and formal practices can help to rethink modern concepts such as citizenship, universal infrastructural access, organized resistance, and the state itself. One way to do so is to reposition these concepts as relational processes involving various actors, spaces, and temporalities rather than as essentialized objects. Such epistemological moves will shed light on the extent to which basic social needs such as the distribution of justice, the production of authority, and the regulation of class relations are not the sole terrain of the state, but negotiated relationally. The article concludes by proposing three epistemological devices – iterative comparison, ambiguous categories, and the use of hermeneutics – that can help scholars avoid the biases associated with essentialized categories.

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WILLIAMS, COLIN C., KWAME ADOM, and IOANA ALEXANDRA HORODNIC. "DETERMINANTS OF THE LEVEL OF INFORMALIZATION OF ENTERPRISES: SOME EVIDENCE FROM ACCRA, GHANA." Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship 25, no. 01 (March 2020): 2050004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1084946720500041.

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Based on the recognition that enterprises operate at different levels of informality, this paper evaluates the determinants of their degree of informalization. To do so, a 2016 survey of the varying degrees of informalization of 171 entrepreneurs in Ghana is reported. The finding is that only 21% of enterprises were wholly informal and 16% wholly formal. Nearly two-thirds (63%) were neither wholly informal nor wholly formal. Higher levels of informalization are significantly associated with younger entrepreneurs, those with lower levels of educational attainment, lower household incomes and younger enterprises. It is also significantly associated with the wider institutional compliance environment. Higher levels of informality are present among entrepreneurs unaware of the need for registration, who lack vertical trust (i.e., do not believe the state does anything for them, and perceive there to be public sector corruption), view informality as normal (i.e., a normal practice in their family) and view all similar businesses as operating informally (i.e., lack horizontal trust). The paper concludes by discussing the theoretical and policy implications.

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Slavnic, Zoran. "La informalización y la economía política de la reestructuración." Migración y Desarrollo 07, no. 13 (July 10, 2009): 5–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.35533/myd.0713.zs.

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15

Wouters, Cas. "Social Stratification and Informalization in Global Perspective." Theory, Culture & Society 7, no. 4 (November 1990): 69–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026327690007004004.

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Henrique, Karen Paiva. "Global Urban Politics: Informalization of the State." Urban Policy and Research 36, no. 1 (July 31, 2017): 115–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08111146.2017.1358795.

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De Herdt, Tom, and Wim Marivoet. "Is informalization equalizing? Evidence from Kinshasa (DRC)." Journal of Contemporary African Studies 36, no. 1 (December 12, 2017): 121–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02589001.2017.1390814.

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18

Stearns, Peter N. "Informalization and contemporary manners: The Wouters studies." Theory and Society 36, no. 4 (April 21, 2007): 373–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11186-007-9030-4.

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19

Schnabel, Annette, Carita Bengs, and Maria Wiklund. "ModernitÀ, stress e ricerca dell'autogestione emotiva." SALUTE E SOCIETÀ, no. 2 (October 2012): 74–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/ses2012-s02006.

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Sociology has a longstanding tradition in describing the emotional regime of modernity as "disciplining" effect, accompanied by an increased demand for selfregulation (Elias). Recently, researchers stressed that we nowadays observe a growing informalization of emotion rules (Wouters) and an increased demand for the emotional labour (Hochschild). The tension between disciplinary limitation of emotions and their informalization is mirrored in the growing necessity to psychologically and chemically alter and optimize emotions (Neckel). Beyond a mere theoretical analysis of this tension, the article empirically explores the selfperceptions and self-management strategies of young women in Sweden in order to cope with felt oppression and stress in relation to the emotional and behavioural demands of their environment.

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Schnabel, Annette, Carita Bengs, and Maria Wiklund. "Modernity, Stress and the Quest for Emotional Self-management." SALUTE E SOCIETÀ, no. 2 (March 2013): 77–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/ses2012-su2006en.

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Sociology has a longstanding tradition in describing the emotional regime of modernity as "disciplining" effect, accompanied by an increased demand for selfregulation (Elias). Recently, researchers stressed that we nowadays observe a growing informalization of emotion rules (Wouters) and an increased demand for the emotional labour (Hochschild). The tension between disciplinary limitation of emotions and their informalization is mirrored in the growing necessity to psychologically and chemically alter and optimize emotions (Neckel). Beyond a mere theoretical analysis of this tension, the article empirically explores the selfperceptions and self-management strategies of young women in Sweden in order to cope with felt oppression and stress in relation to the emotional and behavioural demands of their environment.

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21

Puspitasari, Ratna, and Aprianda Kusumawijaya. "Labor Informalization and Social Problems in Indonesia in Gender Equality Study (Case Study of Layoffs as the Effect of Digitalization in Cirebon City in 2019)." Sunan Kalijaga: International Journal of Islamic Civilization 3, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/skijic.v3i1.1869.

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As of March 31, 2019, the Cirebon City Giant Hyper market has been declared closed and does not carry out trading activities. Employees who are dominated by women are threatened with being dismissed and this creates widespread social problems in the community. As a result of these layoffs, it has led to the growth of labor informalization with the proliferation of street workers (PKL) or independent workers which will cause chaos in the arrangement of big cities, which will have an impact on social problems. This study tries to analyze the gender equality study of the Marx model with an ethnographic approach, trying to trace the causes and effects of the informalization that afflicts female workers in the city of Cirebon.

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22

Ray, Larry. "Mark of Cain." European Journal of Social Theory 16, no. 3 (March 4, 2013): 292–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1368431013476536.

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Violence presents a paradox. There is evidence that violence is universal in all in human societies. However, in writing mostly from the standpoint of relatively peaceful social spaces, violence often appears exceptional, and a product of the breakdown of integrating social institutions and conventions. Norbert Elias persuasively identified growing thresholds of repugnance towards violence with the transition to modernity, although understanding the balance between formalization and informalization poses some critical questions about his thesis. The discussion begins with these as a means of opening a broader discussion of theories of violence which are developed through a critical analysis of Girard’s and Gans’ theories. It is argued that these may offer a way of addressing the informalization problem in a context of mimetic consumption desires in a context of apparent but false equalization in contemporary societies.

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23

Fleming, Peter. "“Biocracy” and the Informalization of Exploitation at Work." Academy of Management Proceedings 2012, no. 1 (July 2012): 16122. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2012.42.

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24

Pearce, Michael. "Informalization in UK party election broadcasts 1966-97." Language and Literature: International Journal of Stylistics 14, no. 1 (February 2005): 65–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0963947005046285.

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This article uses a novel, quantitatively based method to assess the extent to which UK party election broadcasts in the 31 years between 1966 and 1997 became more ‘informal’. Using the Longman Grammar of Spoken and Written English, I identify 28 linguistic ‘markers’ which are salient in the assessment of formality, and count their frequencies in the 37,000-word corpus. My quantitative findings reveal a general increase in informalization over time, which corresponds with judgements made in critical discourse analysis (CDA). But I also discover an anomaly in the broadcasts from 1987, which I explain with reference to the influence of the Conservative party leader, Margaret Thatcher.

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25

Peterson, V. Spike. "‘Intimacy, informalization and intersecting inequalities: tracing the linkages’." Labour & Industry: a journal of the social and economic relations of work 28, no. 2 (March 22, 2018): 130–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10301763.2018.1448966.

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26

Campbell, Stephen. "Putting-out’s return." Focaal 2016, no. 76 (December 1, 2016): 71–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/fcl.2016.760105.

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Th is article engages Karl Marx’s account of labor’s historical subsumption to capital through an analysis of informalization in Thailand’s garment sector. In a historicist reading of Marx, the transition from formal to real subsumption, as in the shift from home-based putting-out work to factory-based wage labor, is unidirectional. The late twentieth-century proliferation of forms of labor that are but “formally subsumed” to capital challenges this linear narrative. Informalization in Thailand’s garment sector has entailed a shift from the real subsumption of factory-based wage labor to forms of home-based putting-out work subsumed “merely formally” to capital. Consequently, a nonhistoricist reading of Marx’s subsumption analytic remains relevant for understanding tensions within contemporary forms of putting-out work. Attention, as well, to the role of class struggle in mediating capitalist development reveals consistent logics in putting-out’s historical decline and its contemporary resurgence.

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27

MAITI, DIBYENDU, and ARUP MITRA. "INFORMALITY, VULNERABILITY AND DEVELOPMENT." Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship 16, no. 02 (June 2011): 199–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1084946711001793.

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This paper makes an attempt to estimate the index of informal sector employment that can be attributed to the supply-push phenomenon. Factors explaining the inter-state variations in this index include the industrial-informal sector wage gap, revenue expenditure and development expenditure incurred by the government. Increased development expenditure brings a decline in distress-led informalization because education, health and infrastructure facilities tend to enhance the employability of an individual. However, education as such does not reduce the residual absorption in the informal sector unless there is improvement in quality. The paper also notes an increase in inequality with an increase in distress-led informalization. Adoption of labor intensive technology in the organized or formal industrial sector is indeed crucial for pro-poor growth. The other policy implication is in terms of enhanced investment in the areas of human capital formation and overall development of the region.

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Kirshner, Joshua. "Migration, Informalization and Public Space in Santa Cruz, Bolivia." Bolivian Studies Journal/Revista de Estudios Bolivianos 15 (January 15, 2011): 150–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/bsj.2010.10.

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In this paper, I ask how migrant insertion into the local economy, in particular in the informal economy, has led to contestation over public space in Santa Cruz. Related to this issue, the paper asks what sorts of collective actions are used to defend rights to the use of urban public space, and what are the key points of contention. In my analysis, I look at theoretical connections between the informal economy and urban space, recent changes in the Santa Cruz local economy ‒including accelerated migration and the burgeoning informal economy‒ and conflicts over uses of public urban space.En este trabajo indago cómo la inserción migratoria en la economía local, particularmente en la economía informal, ha llevado a un debate sobre los usos del espacio público en Santa Cruz. En relación con esta problemática, mi trabajo explora qué tipo de acciones colectivas se utilizan para defender los derechos del uso del espacio público urbano, y cuáles son los puntos claves de conflicto. En mi análisis, exploro las conexiones teóricas entre la economía informal y el espacio urbano, los cambios recientes en la economía local de Santa Cruz ‒incluyendo la migración acelerada y la emergente economía informal‒ y los conflictos sobre usos del espacio urbano público.

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Hossain, Shahadat. "Informalization of Public Utilities: Claim Making and Political Control." disP - The Planning Review 47, no. 187 (January 2011): 82–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02513625.2011.10654021.

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30

Wouters, Cas. "Formalization and Informalization: Changing Tension Balances in Civilizing Processes." Theory, Culture & Society 3, no. 2 (June 1986): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0263276486003002002.

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31

Overton, James. "Peasants on the internet? Informalization in a global economy." Journal of Peasant Studies 28, no. 4 (July 2001): 149–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03066150108438786.

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32

Odmann, Emine Asli. "Informalisierung und Staat:." PROKLA. Zeitschrift für kritische Sozialwissenschaft 30, no. 120 (September 1, 2000): 449–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.32387/prokla.v30i120.771.

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Informal economy covers all activities which are not regulated by the state. Nevertheless, Turkey’s experience with structural adjustment since 1980 shows that the state played an active role in the expansion of the informal economy. Alterations in the legal framework as well as changes in the policy parameters of the economic activity enforced informalization in the labour and housing markets.

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Bull, Benedicte, and Antulio Rosales. "Into the shadows: sanctions, rentierism, and economic informalization in Venezuela." European Review of Latin American and Caribbean Studies, no. 109 (May 13, 2020): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.32992/erlacs.10556.

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Sassen, Saskia. "Informalization: Imported Through Immigration or a Feature of Advanced Economies?" WorkingUSA 3, no. 6 (March 2000): 6–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1743-4580.2000.00006.x.

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35

Munck, Ronaldo. "BEYOND NORTH AND SOUTH: MIGRATION, INFORMALIZATION, AND TRADE UNION REVITALIZATION." WorkingUSA 14, no. 1 (March 2011): 5–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1743-4580.2010.00317.x.

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36

Mezzadri, Alessandra. "The informalization of capital and interlocking in labour contracting networks." Progress in Development Studies 16, no. 2 (February 24, 2016): 124–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1464993415623120.

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37

Kasymov, A. Sh. "The problem of formalization and informalization of venture capital institutions." Investment and Innovation Management Journal, no. 4 (2016): 37–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.14529/iimj160406.

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38

Pradel-Miquel, Marc. "Crisis, (re-)informalization processes and protest: The case of Barcelona." Current Sociology 65, no. 2 (September 24, 2016): 209–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011392116657291.

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In response to the economic crisis in Southern European cities, citizens have turned to political unrest. This article analyzes these responses in terms of the return of ‘reciprocity practices’ parallel to forms of informality more commonly seen in cities of the Global South. Citizen self-organization to cover basic needs can be read as a strategy of resistance similar to that identified as quiet encroachment; but to the extent that it is politicized, it also becomes part of the political struggle for rights. Through the case of Barcelona, this article analyzes how social groups are politicizing their survival practices, using the case of sub-Saharan migrants living in abandoned factories in the city. The article’s aim is to show how in the context of weakening citizenship rights, there is a growth of informal practices that become unevenly politicized among different groups.

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39

Arabaci, Özer, and Rabihan Arabaci. "A flexible nonlinear inference to Okun’s law for Turkish economy in the last decade." Panoeconomicus 65, no. 5 (2018): 569–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/pan130913026a.

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The study applies the flexible nonlinear inference approach of James D. Hamilton (2001) to investigate the relationship between cyclical components of unemployment and output in the Turkish economy where the unemployment rate remains at double digits despite the relatively stable economic environment over the last decade. The paper shows that economic expansion and contraction terms have an asymmetric effect on cyclical unemployment in Turkey. Moreover, the study identifies a specific range for the output gap level at which jobless growth pattern occurs in the Turkish economy. According to our findings, contrary to standard literature, cyclical component of unemployment does not decrease even though cyclical component of output is positive and increases in the middle stages of the upswing phase of the economy. This result may also indicate that the employers are reluctant to extend employment and alter into informalization for reasons such as over-valued domestic currency, surplus labour force and/or any rigid regulatory frameworks in the middle stages of the expansion phase of the economy. However, they become eager to expand employment and renounce informalization only after a certain rate of economic growth is achieved.

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Joshi, Chitra. "On “De-industrialization” and the Crisis of Male Identities." International Review of Social History 47, S10 (November 2002): 159–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859002000822.

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The last two decades in India have seen the decline of traditional factory industries and a growing process of informalization and casualization of labour. The crisis of industries like textiles and steel has meant a virtual decimation of a working class in old industrial centres. This paper will look at the phenomenon of de-industrialization and its implications for a labouring population whose lives were intimately connected with industrial work.

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Simmons, James R. "Global urban politics: Informalization of the state, by Julie-Anne Boudreau." Journal of Urban Affairs 40, no. 8 (March 29, 2018): 1190–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07352166.2018.1446611.

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Daftary, Dolly. "Development in Post-liberalization India: Marketization, Decentralization and Informalization in Gujarat." European Journal of Development Research 28, no. 4 (August 31, 2016): 690–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/ejdr.2015.42.

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Boudreau, Julie‐Anne. "Informalization of the State: Reflections from an Urban World of Translations." International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 43, no. 3 (January 29, 2019): 597–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2427.12701.

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Meagher, Kate. "Crisis, Informalization and the Urban Informal Sector in Sub-Saharan Africa." Development and Change 26, no. 2 (April 1995): 259–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7660.1995.tb00552.x.

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Simcox, David E. "Immigration and informalization of the economy: Enrichment or atomization of community." Population and Environment 18, no. 3 (January 1997): 255–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02208423.

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46

Asongu, Simplice, and Jacinta Nwachukwu. "Information asymmetry and conditional financial sector development." Journal of Financial Economic Policy 9, no. 4 (November 6, 2017): 372–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfep-11-2016-0087.

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Purpose The purpose of this study is to examine the role of reducing information asymmetry (IA) on conditional financial sector development in 53 African countries for the period 2004-2011. Design/methodology/approach The empirical evidence is based on contemporary and non-contemporary quantile regressions. Instruments for reducing IA include public credit registries (PCRs) and private credit bureaus (PCBs). Hitherto unexplored dimensions of financial sector development are used, namely, financial sector dynamics of formalization, informalization, semi-formalization and non-formalization. Findings The following findings are established. First, the positive (negative) effect of information sharing offices (ISO) on formal (informal) financial development is consistent with theory. Second, ISOs consistently increase formal financial development, with the incidence of PCRs higher in terms of magnitude, and financial sector formalization, with the impact of PCBs higher for the most part. Third, only PCBs significantly decrease informal financial development and both ISOs decrease financial sector informalization. Policy implications are discussed. Originality/value The study assesses the effect of reducing IA on financial development when existing levels of it matter because current studies based on mean values of financial development provide blanket policy implications which are unlikely to be effective unless they are contingent on prevailing levels of financial development and tailored differently across countries with high, intermediate and low initial levels of financial development.

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Corcoran, Mary P. "Informalization of Metropolitan Labour Forces: The Case of Irish Immigrants in the New York Construction Industry." Irish Journal of Sociology 1, no. 1 (May 1991): 31–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/079160359100100103.

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This paper discusses Sassen's model of informalization in advanced urban economies, and in particular, its application to the construction industry in New York City. The validity of the model is assessed in light of the ethnographic accounts of Irish construction workers, which deal with both the formal and informal economies within the construction sector. While the findings are generally compatible with Sassen's model, the paper concludes that greater attention needs to be paid to the role of ethnicity as an independent variable operating in the labour market.

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48

Kus, Basak. "The informal road to markets." International Journal of Social Economics 41, no. 4 (April 8, 2014): 278–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijse-11-2012-0209.

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Purpose – The informal economy has expanded across developing countries during the last decades. Focussing on the Turkish case, the purpose of this paper is to examine the role of neoliberal reforms in this development. The author argues that neoliberal reforms produced a double-edged transformation in the regulatory environment of Turkey. On the one hand, the legal rules that constrain the operation of market forces decreased giving way to more entrepreneurial activity; while on the other hand, the state's effectiveness in “policing” the market declined. As the regulatory barriers to private entrepreneurship decreased, the regulatory barriers to informality also decreased. Private sector growth and informalization emerged as the concomitant outcomes of neoliberal reforms. Design/methodology/approach – This paper examines how the state's changing regulatory relationship to the private sector under neoliberal reforms fostered informal economic activities through a close study of the Turkish case. Findings – At the end of the 1980s, the Peruvian economist Hernando De Soto popularized the view that informalization resulted from government regulations imposing rigid constraints and costs on economic actors, and so would be restrained by decreasing or eliminating them. The economic developments of the past few decades challenge this view, however. The size of the informal economy has expanded in developing nations at a period when government regulations have been declining. How can we explain the increasing volume of informal economic activity in developing nations over the past few decades? And more, how can we explain that this has happened during a period when the private sector has grown, and regulatory rigidities have declined? This paper argues that the state's changing regulatory relationship to the private sector under neoliberal reforms was an important factor in the expansion of informal economic activities. Originality/value – The implications of neoliberal reforms for economic processes have been widely studied in the social scientific literature. Only a handful of studies have explored their implications for the informal economy, however. These studies singled out factors such as the decline in public employment, weakening of labor unions, or capital's enhanced ability to exploit labor in contributing to informalization of developing country economies in the neoliberal era. By discussing how the changing regulatory contours of the state-economy relationship played a role in the growth of informally operating private enterprises, this paper adds to the existing knowledge of this relationship.

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Gurung, Shobha Hamal. "Nepali Female Migrants and Informalization of Domestic Care Work: Service or Servitude?" Journal of Workplace Rights 14, no. 3 (January 1, 2009): 375–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/wr.14.3.g.

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50

García, Raúl Sánchez. "Informalization, ways of engagement and class habitus in the development of MMA." Corps N° 16, no. 1 (2018): 393. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/corp1.016.0393.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Informalization'

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