Journal articles: 'Information diagnosticity'

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Van Wallendael, Lori R., and Yvonne Guignard. "Diagnosticity, confidence, and the need for information." Journal of Behavioral Decision Making 5, no. 1 (January 1992): 25–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bdm.3960050105.

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Hsu, Nina S., Margaret L. Schlichting, and Sharon L. Thompson-Schill. "Feature Diagnosticity Affects Representations of Novel and Familiar Objects." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 26, no. 12 (December 2014): 2735–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_00661.

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Many features can describe a concept, but only some features define a concept in that they enable discrimination of items that are instances of a concept from (similar) items that are not. We refer to this property of some features as feature diagnosticity. Previous work has described the behavioral effects of feature diagnosticity, but there has been little work on explaining why and how these effects arise. In this study, we aimed to understand the impact of feature diagnosticity on concept representations across two complementary experiments. In Experiment 1, we manipulated the diagnosticity of one feature, color, for a set of novel objects that human participants learned over the course of 1 week. We report behavioral and neural evidence that diagnostic features are likely to be automatically recruited during remembering. Specifically, individuals activated color-selective regions of ventral temporal cortex (specifically, left fusiform gyrus and left inferior temporal gyrus) when thinking about the novel objects, although color information was never explicitly probed during the task. Moreover, multiple behavioral and neural measures of the effects of feature diagnosticity were correlated across participants. In Experiment 2, we examined relative color association in familiar object categories, which varied in feature diagnosticity (fruits and vegetables, household items). Taken together, these results offer novel insights into the neural mechanisms underlying concept representations by demonstrating that automatic recruitment of diagnostic information gives rise to behavioral effects of feature diagnosticity.

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Yoo, Jungmin. "The Effects of Perceived Quality of Augmented Reality in Mobile Commerce—An Application of the Information Systems Success Model." Informatics 7, no. 2 (May 15, 2020): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/informatics7020014.

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Augmented reality (AR) enables consumers to browse and try products virtually by providing additional information and functionality to mobile shopping. Retailers continue to develop AR technology to engage consumers and enhance their digital shopping experiences. However, despite the growing interest in this technology, consumers rarely rely on AR due to the quality of its content. This study applies an information systems success model to examine the antecedents that influence the adoption of mobile technology, specifically focusing on consumers’ perception of AR quality and its effect on perceived diagnosticity and consumer satisfaction when using AR technology. Moreover, the study examines how perceived diagnosticity and satisfaction influence loyalty. The study participants were 283 shoppers in Korea who have previously experienced mobile shopping, with data collected through an online survey. The results show that when using AR, (1) the consumer’s perceptions of information quality and visual quality positively influence perceived diagnosticity and satisfaction, (2) perceived diagnosticity positively influences satisfaction and (3) satisfaction positively influences loyalty. These results have practical implications for mobile retailers seeking to develop effective product presentation strategies using innovative technologies.

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Nedumkallel, Jose Pius, Deepak Babu, and Michelle Francis. "Analyzing the Effect of Perceived Risk and Information Diagnosticity on Word-of-Mouth and Viral Marketing." International Journal of E-Business Research 16, no. 4 (October 2020): 65–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijebr.2020100105.

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This study investigates the moderating effect of perceived risk and information diagnosticity on the relationship between brand loyalty and word-of-mouth (WOM) as well as viral marketing activities (VMA) in e-retailer websites. Although extant research in marketing suggests that brand loyalty leads to positive WOM, this study examines the moderating effect of the consumer's perceived risk on this relationship in the context of e-retailer websites where customers repeatedly encounter new and uncertain situations every time they visit the e-retailer. This study also examines the moderating effect of information diagnosticity on the interaction relationship stated earlier. Findings reveal that risk perception negatively moderates the impact of brand loyalty on WOM and VMA and information diagnosticity of online reviews can help reduce the negative perceptions caused by risk factors.

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Nelson, Jonathan D. "Finding Useful Questions: On Bayesian Diagnosticity, Probability, Impact, and Information Gain." Psychological Review 112, no. 4 (2005): 979–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0033-295x.112.4.979.

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Skov, Richard B., and Steven J. Sherman. "Information-gathering processes: Diagnosticity, hypothesis-confirmatory strategies, and perceived hypothesis confirmation." Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 22, no. 2 (March 1986): 93–121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-1031(86)90031-4.

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van de Pol, Janneke, Mariëtte van Loon, Tamara van Gog, Sophia Braumann, and Anique de Bruin. "Mapping and Drawing to Improve Students’ and Teachers’ Monitoring and Regulation of Students’ Learning from Text: Current Findings and Future Directions." Educational Psychology Review 32, no. 4 (August 3, 2020): 951–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10648-020-09560-y.

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Abstract For (facilitating) effective learning from texts, students and teachers need to accurately monitor students’ comprehension. Monitoring judgments are accurate when they correspond to students’ actual comprehension. Accurate monitoring enables accurate (self-)regulation of the learning process, i.e., making study decisions that are in line with monitoring judgments and/or students’ comprehension. Yet, (self-)monitoring accuracy is often poor as the information or cues used are not always diagnostic (i.e., predictive) for students’ actual comprehension. Having students engage in generative activities making diagnostic cues available improves monitoring and regulation accuracy. In this review, we focus on generative activities in which text is transformed into visual representations using mapping and drawing (i.e., making diagrams, concept maps, or drawings). This has been shown to improve monitoring and regulation accuracy and is suited for studying cue diagnosticity and cue utilization. First, we review and synthesize findings of studies regarding (1) students’ monitoring accuracy, regulation accuracy, learning, cue diagnosticity, and cue utilization; (2) teachers’ monitoring and regulation accuracy and cue utilization; and (3) how mapping and drawing affect using effort as a cue during monitoring and regulation, and how this affects monitoring and regulation accuracy. Then, we show how this research offers unique opportunities for future research on advancing measurements of cue diagnosticity and cue utilization and on how effort is used as a cue during monitoring and regulation. Improving measures of cue diagnosticity and cue utilization can provide us with more insight into how students and teachers monitor and regulate students’ learning, to help design effective interventions to foster these important skills.

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Sacchi, Simona, Patrice Rusconi, Mattia Bonomi, and Paolo Cherubini. "Effects of Asymmetric Questions on Impression Formation." Social Psychology 45, no. 1 (June 1, 2014): 41–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1864-9335/a000158.

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When examining social targets, people may ask asymmetric questions, that is, questions for which “yes” and “no” answers are neither equally diagnostic nor equally frequent. The consequences of this information-gathering strategy on impression formation deserve empirical investigation. The present work explored the role played by the trade-off between the diagnosticity and frequency of answers that follow asymmetric questions. In Study 1, participants received answers to symmetric/asymmetric questions on an anonymous social target. In Study 2, participants read answers to a specific symmetric/asymmetric question provided by different group members. Overall, the results of both studies indicate that asymmetric questions had less impact on impressions than did symmetric questions, suggesting that individuals are more sensitive to data frequency than diagnosticity when forming impressions.

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Pemberton, Michael, and Constantine Sedikides. "When do individuals help close others improve? The role of information diagnosticity." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 81, no. 2 (2001): 234–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.81.2.234.

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Rusconi, Patrice, Simona Sacchi, Armando Toscano, and Paolo Cherubini. "Confirming Expectations in Asymmetric and Symmetric Social Hypothesis Testing." Experimental Psychology 59, no. 5 (May 1, 2012): 243–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1618-3169/a000149.

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This article examines individuals’ expectations in a social hypothesis testing task. Participants selected questions from a list to investigate the presence of personality traits in a target individual. They also identified the responses that they expected to receive and the likelihood of the expected responses. The results of two studies indicated that when people asked questions inquiring about the hypothesized traits that did not entail strong a priori beliefs, they expected to find evidence confirming the hypothesis under investigation. These confirming expectations were more pronounced for symmetric questions, in which the diagnosticity and frequency of the expected evidence did not conflict. When the search for information was asymmetric, confirming expectations were diminished, likely as a consequence of either the rareness or low diagnosticity of the hypothesis-confirming outcome. We also discuss the implications of these findings for confirmation bias.

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Chen, Zifei Fay, and Yang Cheng. "Consumer response to fake news about brands on social media: the effects of self-efficacy, media trust, and persuasion knowledge on brand trust." Journal of Product & Brand Management 29, no. 2 (October 9, 2019): 188–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpbm-12-2018-2145.

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Purpose Drawing on theoretical insights from the persuasion knowledge model (PKM), this study aims to propose and test a model that maps out the antecedents, process and consequences to explain how consumers process and respond to fake news about brands on Facebook. Design/methodology/approach Contextualizing the fake news about Coca-Cola’s recall of Dasani water, an online survey was conducted via Qualtrics with consumers in the USA (N = 468). Data were analyzed using covariance-based structural equation modeling. Findings Results showed that self-efficacy and media trust significantly predicted consumers’ persuasion knowledge of the fake news. Persuasion knowledge of the fake news significantly influenced consumers’ perceived diagnosticity of the fake news and subsequent brand trust. Furthermore, persuasion knowledge of the fake news mediated the effects from self-efficacy on perceived diagnosticity of the fake news and brand trust, respectively. Originality/value This study contributes to the literature of brand management by examining how consumers process and respond to fake news about a brand. It also extends the persuasion knowledge model by applying it to the context of fake news about brands on social media, and incorporating antecedents (self-efficacy and media trust) and consequences (perceived diagnosticity and brand trust) of persuasion knowledge in this particular context. Practically, this study provides insights to key stakeholders of brands to better understand consumers’ information processing of fake news about brands on social media.

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Hernandez, José Mauro C., Xiaoqi Han, and Frank R. Kardes. "Effects of the perceived diagnosticity of presented attribute and brand name information on sensitivity to missing information." Journal of Business Research 67, no. 5 (May 2014): 874–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2013.07.006.

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Abraham, Ivo L. "COGNITIVE SET AND CLINICAL INFERENCE: REFERRAL INFORMATION MAY NOT (ALWAYS) AFFECT PSYCHOSOCIAL ASSESSMENT." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 14, no. 1 (January 1, 1986): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.1986.14.1.51.

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Fifty-four subjects participated in a study on the effects of general referral information about a client on subsequent clinical inferences about this client. They were randomly assigned to a “referral information” or “no referral information” condition before being presented with additional data. Clinical inferential tasks included the assessment of maladjustment, client stress, depressive status; psychiatric emergency, and global psychosocial functioning. Both univariate, and where applicable multivariate, tests consistently yielded nonsignificant results. It is concluded that general referral information may not affect, let alone bias, the clinical inference of depression. Drawing upon salience theory, it is cautioned that this may not be the case when specific data, high in diagnosticity, are included in a referral note.

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Donato, Carmela, and Maria Antonietta Raimondo. "The effects of online tactile information source for low-touch products on consumer responses." Journal of Consumer Marketing 38, no. 4 (May 5, 2021): 364–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcm-08-2019-3367.

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Purpose This paper aims to analyze the effects of web communities vs company websites in providing tactile information considering different types of product in terms of touch diagnosticity (low- vs. high-touch products). Design/methodology/approach Three experimental studies were conducted to examine the effect of online information sources (i.e. web communities vs. company websites) in providing tactile information on consumer responses, considering the moderation role of product type in terms of touch diagnosticity (low- vs. high-touch products, Study 1), the moderating role of type of information (tactile vs. generic, Study 2a); and the moderating role of need for touch (NFT) (Study 2a and 2b). Findings While previous research converges on the idea that the provision of a written description of tactile properties deriving from the product usage is particularly effective for products for which tactile information is diagnostic and for individuals high in NFT, the results demonstrated that the presence (vs. the absence) of the description of the tactile properties provided by web communities (vs. company websites) matters for those products for which touch is not diagnostic and for individuals low in NFT. Practical implications The findings have particular relevance for emerging brands intending to commercialize their products in the digital environment. These companies should be present in web communities to describe a product’s tactile characteristics, especially if not diagnostic. Originality/value This paper significantly contributes to a better understanding of a little studied area, namely, consumer responses toward haptic compensational strategies providing haptic cues (e.g. written description of tactile information along with pictures of products) aiming at compensating for the absence of touch, underlining the differential influence of online sources of tactile information on consumer responses across different types of products.

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Andrews, Demetra. "The Interplay of Information Diagnosticity and Need for Cognitive Closure in Determining Choice Confidence." Psychology & Marketing 30, no. 9 (July 23, 2013): 749–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mar.20643.

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Trotman, Ken T., and Jennifer Sng. "The effect of hypothesis framing, prior expectations and cue diagnosticity on auditors' information choice." Accounting, Organizations and Society 14, no. 5-6 (January 1989): 565–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0361-3682(89)90019-6.

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Robinson, John, and Michael S. Schadewald. "A Test of Tversky's (1977) Diagnosticity Hypothesis in an Applied Accounting Context." Psychological Reports 77, no. 2 (October 1995): 379–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1995.77.2.379.

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Tversky's (1977) diagnosticity hypothesis predicts that the perceived similarity of two objects depends on the broader set of objects which form the context for judging similarity. This study examined this prediction in an applied setting in which 77 experienced tax accountants chose the “most similar” transaction in different information contexts. The results suggest that, although variations in context can influence a tax accountant's perceptions of similarity, such change does not affect their choice of the most similar transaction.

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Schyns, Philippe G., and Aude Oliva. "Flexible, Diagnosticity-Driven, Rather Than Fixed, Perceptually Determined Scale Selection in Scene and Face Recognition." Perception 26, no. 8 (August 1997): 1027–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p261027.

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Different classifications of an identical visual stimulus may require different perceptual properties from the visual input. How do processes of object and scene categorisation use the information associated with different perceptual spatial scales? One scenario suggests that recognition should use coarse blobs before fine-scale edges because scale usage is perceptually determined. However, perceptual determination neglects one important aspect of any recognition task: the information demands of the considered classification of the input. Evidence is reviewed suggesting that scale usage could be flexibly determined by the diagnosticity of scale-specific cues for different categorisations of scenes and faces.

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Ramon, Meike, and Goedele Van Belle. "Real-life experience with personally familiar faces enhances discrimination based on global information." PeerJ 4 (January 4, 2016): e1465. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.1465.

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Despite the agreement that experience with faces leads to more efficient processing, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Building on empirical evidence from unfamiliar face processing in healthy populations and neuropsychological patients, the present experiment tested the hypothesis that personal familiarity is associated with superior discrimination when identity information is derived based on global, as opposed to local facial information. Diagnosticity and availability of local and global information was manipulated through varied physical similarity and spatial resolution of morph faces created from personally familiar or unfamiliar faces. We found that discrimination of subtle changes between highly similar morph faces was unaffected by familiarity. Contrariwise, relatively more pronounced physical (i.e., identity) differences were more efficiently discriminated for personally familiar faces, indicating more efficient processing of global, as opposed to local facial information through real-life experience.

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Hale, Ralph, Benjamin McDunn, and James Brown. "Using object color diagnosticity to influence access to semantic information in a boundary extension paradigm." Journal of Vision 15, no. 12 (September 1, 2015): 352. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/15.12.352.

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Herr, Paul M., Frank R. Kardes, and John Kim. "Effects of Word-of-Mouth and Product-Attribute Information on Persuasion: An Accessibility-Diagnosticity Perspective." Journal of Consumer Research 17, no. 4 (March 1991): 454. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/208570.

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Nelson, Jonathan D. ""Finding useful questions: On Bayesian diagnosticity, probability, impact, and information gain": Correction to Nelson (2005)." Psychological Review 114, no. 3 (2007): 677. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0033-295x.114.3.677.

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Mickes, Laura, Molly B. Moreland, Steven E. Clark, and John T. Wixted. "Missing the information needed to perform ROC analysis? Then compute d′, not the diagnosticity ratio." Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition 3, no. 2 (June 2014): 58–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jarmac.2014.04.007.

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Niu, Wanshu, Liqiang Huang, and Mingliang Chen. "Spanning from diagnosticity to serendipity: An empirical investigation of consumer responses to product presentation." International Journal of Information Management 60 (October 2021): 102362. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2021.102362.

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Moreno-Martínez, F. Javier, and Inmaculada C. Rodríguez-Rojo. "On Colour, Category Effects, and Alzheimer’s Disease: A Critical Review of Studies and Further Longitudinal Evidence." Behavioural Neurology 2015 (2015): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/960725.

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The role of colour in object recognition is controversial; in this study, a critical review of previous studies, as well as a longitudinal study, was conducted. We examined whether colour benefits the ability of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients and normal controls (NC) when naming items differing in colour diagnosticity: living things (LT) versus nonliving things (NLT). Eleven AD patients were evaluated twice with a temporal interval of 3 years; 26 NC were tested once. The participants performed a naming task (colour and greyscale photographs); the impact of nuisance variables (NVs) and potential ceiling effects were also controlled. Our results showed that (i) colour slightly favoured processing of items with higher colour diagnosticity (i.e., LT) in both groups; (ii) AD patients used colour information similarly to NC, retaining this ability over time; (iii) NVs played a significant role as naming predictors in all the participants, relegating domain to a minor plane; and (iv) category effects (better processing of NLT) were present in both groups. Finally, although patients underwent semantic longitudinal impairment, this was independent of colour deterioration. This finding provides better support to the view that colour is effective at the visual rather than at the semantic level of object processing.

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Cone, Jeremy, Kathryn Flaharty, and Melissa J. Ferguson. "Believability of evidence matters for correcting social impressions." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 20 (April 29, 2019): 9802–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1903222116.

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To what extent are we beholden to the information we encounter about others? Are there aspects of cognition that are unduly influenced by gossip or outright disinformation, even when we deem it unlikely to be true? Research has shown that implicit impressions of others are often insensitive to the truth value of the evidence. We examined whether the believability of new, contradictory information about others influenced whether people corrected their implicit and explicit impressions. Contrary to previous work, we found that across seven studies, the perceived believability of new evidence predicted whether people corrected their implicit impressions. Subjective assessments of truth value also uniquely predicted correction beyond other properties of information such as diagnosticity/extremity. This evidence shows that the degree to which someone thinks new information is true influences whether it impacts implicit impressions.

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Van Dessel, Pieter, Jeremy Cone, Anne Gast, and Jan De Houwer. "The impact of valenced verbal information on implicit and explicit evaluation: the role of information diagnosticity, primacy, and memory cueing." Cognition and Emotion 34, no. 1 (March 19, 2019): 74–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02699931.2019.1594703.

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Oliva, Aude, and Philippe G. Schyns. "Coarse Blobs or Fine Edges? Evidence That Information Diagnosticity Changes the Perception of Complex Visual Stimuli." Cognitive Psychology 34, no. 1 (October 1997): 72–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/cogp.1997.0667.

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Ghasemaghaei, Maryam, and Goran Calic. "Can big data improve firm decision quality? The role of data quality and data diagnosticity." Decision Support Systems 120 (May 2019): 38–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dss.2019.03.008.

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Van Wallendael, Lori R. "Implicit diagnosticity in an information-buying task. How do we use the information that we bring with us to a problem?" Journal of Behavioral Decision Making 8, no. 4 (December 1995): 245–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bdm.3960080403.

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Serrano, Christina I., and Elena Karahanna. "An Exploratory Study of Patient Acceptance of Walk-In Telemedicine Services for Minor Conditions." International Journal of Healthcare Information Systems and Informatics 4, no. 4 (October 2009): 37–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jhisi.2009071003.

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Though healthcare costs continue to soar, the healthcare industry lags other service industries in applying information technology to improve customer (i.e., patient) service, improve access to healthcare services, and reduce costs. One particular area of concern is overuse and overcrowding of emergency departments for nonurgent care. Telemedicine is one potentially important application of information technology in this realm. The objective of this study is to examine the antecedents of patient acceptance of walk-in telemedicine services for minor ailments. Drawing upon theoretical models in the healthcare and technology acceptance literatures and based on salient beliefs elicited during interviews with 29 potential adopters, the authors develop a conceptual model of antecedents of patient acceptance of walk-in telemedicine services for minor conditions. While relative advantage, informational influences, and relationship with one’s physician emerged as important predictors of acceptance, media richness and e-consultation diagnosticity emerged as central concerns for potential adopters. They discuss the study’s implications for research and practice and offer suggestions for future empirical studies.

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Chiou, Jyh-Shen, Cheng-Chieh Hsiao, and Tien-Yi Chiu. "The credibility and attribution of online reviews." Online Information Review 42, no. 5 (September 10, 2018): 630–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/oir-06-2017-0197.

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Purpose To understand the effectiveness of electronic word of mouth, the purpose of this paper is to examine how high- vs low-knowledge consumers judge and attribute the credibility of positive and negative online reviews by drawing upon accessibility–diagnosticity theory and attribution theory. Design/methodology/approach This study conducts an observation-based study in an online forum and a 2 (review valence) × 2 (consumer knowledge) between-participants factorial experiment to examine the proposed hypotheses. Findings High-knowledge consumers elicit less perceived credibility and make more non-product-relevant attribution than low-knowledge consumers in negative online reviews. Consumer attribution is also found to mediate the effects of the review valence by consumer knowledge interaction on review credibility. Originality/value This study adds to extant research by examining how consumer knowledge plays a key role in determining consumer perception of online review credibility. This study also advances the understanding of different casual inferences about online reviews between high- and low-knowledge consumers.

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Panchenko, O., and A. Zavarzina. "Diagnosticity of Coronavirus Infection as a Current Problem of the State." Ukraïnsʹkij žurnal medicini, bìologìï ta sportu 5, no. 5 (November 1, 2020): 278–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.26693/jmbs05.05.278.

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The article presents current data referring to the main types of laboratory diagnosticity of coronavirus infection associated with severe acute coronavirus respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2), which has caused the pandemic, as defined by the World Health Organization in 2019. New viruses for people and the risks associated with them periodically remind countries about necessity to be always ready for emergencies in the field of biological safety. However, these risks may differ for different countries, so each country should develop its own national assessment based on a global risk assessment. Recently, the world's attention has been focused on the spread of the disease, which has been caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 and was first recorded in China, in the city of Wuhan. There are many rumors about the virus today. On the one hand, there is an oversaturation of the information space with reports about coronavirus, and on the other hand, one can mark the low level of public awareness. Under conditions of a pandemic, all countries, despite their different political status and economic potential, have focused their efforts on a common enemy, the acute respiratory disease COVID-19, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. The issue of coronavirus infection diagnosticity becomes extraordinary relevant. In terms of a review of the scientific literature, the main data of human coronavirus infections history include the epidemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome (MERS) and the current pandemic COVID-19. The etiology of COVID-19, its epidemiology, pathogenesis, main clinical variants and their symptoms, classification by severity, methods of laboratory diagnosticity have been consistently described. To understand the trends in the development of a pandemic, it is extremely necessary to have a clear understanding of the immunological structure of the population with the determination of the proportion of persons with post-infectious immunity, since in the absence of specific immunoprophylaxis, population immunity can be a marker not only of the intensity of the epidemic process, but also of the prognosis of its development. Conclusion. The experience of humanity's struggle with biological threats indicates that success was achieved only under the condition of early diagnosis, correct therapy and prevention in the foci of diseases, aimed at their localization and elimination through the immediate implementation of primary anti-epidemic measures. Timely blocking of the spread of the causative agent of the infection allows you to effectively stop the development of any epidemic complications with the least medical and social losses in the optimal time frame. The use of time-tested standards of anti-epidemic protection is advisable in any emergency situation caused by pathogenic biological agents, including during the COVID-19 pandemic

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Balas, Benjamin, Assaf Harel, Amanda Auen, and Alyson Saville. "Neural Sensitivity to Mutual Information in Intermediate-Complexity Face Features Changes during Childhood." Brain Sciences 9, no. 7 (June 28, 2019): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci9070154.

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One way in which face recognition develops during infancy and childhood is with regard to the visual information that contributes most to recognition judgments. Adult face recognition depends on critical features spanning a hierarchy of complexity, including low-level, intermediate, and high-level visual information. To date, the development of adult-like information biases for face recognition has focused on low-level features, which are computationally well-defined but low in complexity, and high-level features, which are high in complexity, but not defined precisely. To complement this existing literature, we examined the development of children’s neural responses to intermediate-level face features characterized using mutual information. Specifically, we examined children’s and adults’ sensitivity to varying levels of category diagnosticity at the P100 and N170 components. We found that during middle childhood, sensitivity to mutual information shifts from early components to later ones, which may indicate a critical restructuring of face recognition mechanisms that takes place over several years. This approach provides a useful bridge between the study of low- and high-level visual features for face recognition and suggests many intriguing questions for further investigation.

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ZOI, ANAGNOSTIDOU, and KOKKINAKI FLORA. "ATTITUDE-BASED VERSUS ATTRIBUTE-BASED CONSUMER DECISION-MAKING: THE EFFECTS OF INFORMATION DIAGNOSTICITY, PROCESSING OPPORTUNITY AND PROCESSING MOTIVATION." International Journal of Management Cases 11, no. 2 (January 1, 2009): 32–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5848/apbj.2009.00016.

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Kang, HyeBin, Seongwon Lee, and Kil-Soo Suh. "Effects of Self- and Social-Reference Point Diagnosticity Interfaces on Unbalanced Information Consumption in the Mobile News Context." Information Systems Review 17, no. 2 (August 31, 2015): 219–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.14329/isr.2015.17.2.219.

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(Kay) Byun, Kyung-ah, Minghui Ma, Kevin Kim, and Taeghyun Kang. "Buying a New Product with Inconsistent Product Reviews from Multiple Sources: The Role of Information Diagnosticity and Advertising." Journal of Interactive Marketing 55 (August 2021): 81–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.intmar.2021.01.003.

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Croxton, Jack S., and Arthur G. Miller. "INFORMATIONAL SOURCE, IMPLICATIONAL VALUE, AND THE ATTRIBUTION OF ATTITUDES." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 18, no. 1 (January 1, 1990): 101–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.1990.18.1.101.

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Perceivers were asked to integrate two contradictory pieces of information when making an attribution, each piece varying in its implicational relationship to the attitude to be inferred. One source of information, supplied by the target person, was a set of attitude responses, which were either strongly or weakly predictive of the target's attitude. A second source of information, supplied by a third person, was in the form of an attribution based upon an essay that the target had purportedly written. The essay was described as having been written under either high or low constraint. The impact of either of the two pieces of information on perceivers' attributions was directly related to its diagnosticity. The effect of the response set was generally greater when it was unambiguous rather than ambiguous. The observer's attribution had more influence when the essay was written under choice rather than constraint conditions. However, even the attribution based upon the low freedom essay had some impact. This research demonstrates that attributions of attitude can be a source as well as a target of informational influence.

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Van Overwalle, Frank, and Christophe Labiouse. "A Recurrent Connectionist Model of Person Impression Formation." Personality and Social Psychology Review 8, no. 1 (February 2004): 28–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15327957pspr0801_2.

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Major findings in impression formation are reviewed and modeled from a connectionist perspective. The findings are in the areas of primacy and recency in impression formation, asymmetric diagnosticity of ability-and morality-related traits, increased recall for trait-inconsistent information, assimilation and contrast in priming, and discounting of trait inferences by situational information. The majority of these phenomena are illustrated with well-known experiments and simulated with an autoassociative network architecture with linear activation update and using the delta learning algorithm for adjusting the connection weights. All of the simulations successfully reproduced the empirical findings. Moreover the proposed model is shown to be consistent with earlier algebraic models of impression formation (Anderson, 1981; Busemeyer 1991; Hogarth & Einhorn, 1992). The discussion centers on how our model compares to other connectionist approaches to impression formation and how it may contribute to a more parsimonious and unified theory of person perception.

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Wright, William F., Niramol Jindanuwat, and John Todd. "Computational Models as a Knowledge Management Tool: A Process Model of the Critical Judgments Made during Audit Planning." Journal of Information Systems 18, no. 1 (March 1, 2004): 67–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/jis.2004.18.1.67.

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Effective management of knowledge is essential for a CPA firm to remain competitive. Use of computational models of judgment processes and outcomes causes knowledge to be available for use and analysis. We present a comprehensive and integrated computational model of the difficult and knowledge-intensive judgments needed for successful audit planning. The model concludes on a client's going-concern status, applicable levels of inherent, control, and planned detection risk, and appropriate levels of statement- and account-level materiality. Most importantly, the model validly identifies the cause of significant fluctuations given causal hypotheses. The context is the sales and collection cycle of a manufacturing client. The model consistently replicates causal hypothesis judgments generated by the modeled auditor who exhibits considerable judgment expertise, i.e., his judgments typically coincide with actual causes. Concerning judgment expertise, the model reveals numerous linkages among judgments, subtle interdependencies in cue importance across judgments, and new findings concerning cue diagnosticity.

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Boisvert, Jean. "Reciprocal transfer of brand associations between service parent brands and upward line extensions." Journal of Service Theory and Practice 26, no. 2 (March 14, 2016): 222–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jstp-09-2014-0189.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the extent to which the accessibility of established parent brand information and the diagnosticity of newly launched horizontal and upward service line extensions affect transfer and reciprocal transfer of brand associations. Design/methodology/approach – A field study using a survey methodology based on a 2×2 experimental random design was conducted with a sample representative of the target population of an established bank in Eastern Canada. Two levels of parent brand accessibility (high/low) and two levels of line extension (upward/horizontal) were tested. Pretests were conducted, and the analysis of results was done using a three-point-in-time confirmatory factorial analysis for each cell. Findings – The findings indicate that for a newly launched horizontal service line extension, when accessibility of an established parent brand is high, information transfer and reciprocal transfer of brand associations is strong and complete. When accessibility is low, transfer is strong but incomplete, leading to partial dilution of the parent brand. In the case of a newly launched upward service line extension, for both high- and low-accessibility contexts, only key diagnostic parent brand associations transfer to the extension. Reciprocal transfer is strong, leading to a significant dilution of the parent brand. Research limitations/implications – Other kinds of extensions (e.g. downward, distant), other types of services, and consumer goods could be tested to observe the extent to which transfer works. Practical implications – This study provides key findings to managers who are responsible for launching newly created service line extensions (horizontal and upward). When evaluating a new vertical service line extension, consumers actively process the available information at hand (e.g. print advertising, point-of-purchase materials), but key diagnostic associations of the parent brand tend to persist over time. Thus, marketers must be careful when using or not using parent brand information during launch, though an upward service line extension is likely to dilute the parent brand’s equity, either positively or negatively. Originality/value – This paper brings new insights to the service branding literature with respect to the dynamics of transfer of brand associations between service line extensions (horizontal and upward) and their parent brands. Drawing on the accessibility-diagnosticity framework, it closes an important theoretical knowledge gap regarding the persistence over time of accessible vs diagnostic parent brand information in the mechanisms of transfer of brand associations to and from different types of service extensions.

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Kempf, Deanna S., and Robert E. Smith. "Consumer Processing of Product Trial and the Influence of Prior Advertising: A Structural Modeling Approach." Journal of Marketing Research 35, no. 3 (August 1998): 325–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002224379803500304.

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A major goal of this study is to develop and test a structural model of trial processing to help marketers and researchers better understand the dynamics of this important stage in the purchase process. No such model exists, even though prior research has demonstrated that product trial can be an important determinant of brand beliefs and attitudes. Accordingly, the authors develop a general model of how consumers process and respond to trial experiences. This trial model then is integrated with a well-known advertising model to trace how (1) consumers react when both types of information are available and (2) advertising achieves its influence on trial perceptions. The authors estimate these models for two products that vary significantly in the diagnosticity of the trial experience and discuss implications for marketing research and practice.

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Baumeister, Roy F., Ellen Bratslavsky, Catrin Finkenauer, and Kathleen D. Vohs. "Bad is Stronger than Good." Review of General Psychology 5, no. 4 (December 2001): 323–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/1089-2680.5.4.323.

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The greater power of bad events over good ones is found in everyday events, major life events (e.g., trauma), close relationship outcomes, social network patterns, interpersonal interactions, and learning processes. Bad emotions, bad parents, and bad feedback have more impact than good ones, and bad information is processed more thoroughly than good. The self is more motivated to avoid bad self-definitions than to pursue good ones. Bad impressions and bad stereotypes are quicker to form and more resistant to disconfirmation than good ones. Various explanations such as diagnosticity and salience help explain some findings, but the greater power of bad events is still found when such variables are controlled. Hardly any exceptions (indicating greater power of good) can be found. Taken together, these findings suggest that bad is stronger than good, as a general principle across a broad range of psychological phenomena.

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Kim, Miyea, Jeongsoo Han, and Mina Jun. "Do same-level review ratings have the same level of review helpfulness? The role of information diagnosticity in online reviews." Information Technology & Tourism 22, no. 4 (November 16, 2020): 563–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40558-020-00191-1.

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Swim, Janet. "In search of gender bias in evaluations and trait inferences: The role of diagnosticity and gender stereotypicality of behavioral information." Sex Roles 29, no. 3-4 (August 1993): 213–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00289937.

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Bechwati, Nada Nasr, and Wendy Schneier Siegal. "The Impact of the Prechoice Process on Product Returns." Journal of Marketing Research 42, no. 3 (August 2005): 358–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1509/jmkr.2005.42.3.358.

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This article introduces a framework to help researchers understand the mechanisms underlying product returns. The framework draws on research in consumer choice, consumer memory, and attitude stability to predict how the process that consumers go through at a predecisional stage affects their postpurchase behavior. The likelihood of product returns is considered contingent on the amount and nature of cognitive responses generated during the choice process. In Study 1, the authors focus on the impact of the nature of cognitive responses and show that the generation of responses of a different nature while choosing directly affects the likelihood of choice reversal. The comparative versus non-comparative nature of thoughts generated influences their diagnosticity and, accordingly, their impact on product returns when consumers are exposed to disconfirming information. In Study 2, the authors draw on the inoculation theory to manipulate the number of prechoice thoughts. They find that when faced with disconfirming information favoring a new brand, inoculated consumers who are presented with choice alternatives sequentially are less likely to return a brand than consumers who are exposed solely to positive information about the chosen brand at a prepurchase stage.

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Tan, Hongying, Umair Akram, and Yujia Sui. "An investigation of the promotion effects of uncertain level discount: evidence from China." Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics 31, no. 4 (September 9, 2019): 957–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/apjml-05-2018-0191.

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Purpose Uncertain level discount (ULD) is a type of promotion combining regular discount (RD) with uncertainty. The purpose of this paper is to explore the impact of ULD on consumers’ perceived quality compared with RD and to identify the relevant influencing mechanism and boundary for the effectiveness of ULD. Design/methodology/approach Three online experiments were conducted with 445 participants from China. First, experiment 1 compares the attractiveness of ULD and RD. Second, experiment 2 evaluates the impacts of ULD and RD on consumers’ perceived quality and clarifies the mechanism in this process. Finally, experiment 3 examines the moderating effect of product knowledge. Findings ULD has the same level of attractiveness as RD with equivalent expected discount value for consumers. Besides, consumers in ULD give higher ratings to product quality compared with those in RD, and the lower diagnosticity of price cues in ULD underlies the differential effects of ULD vs RD. Furthermore, product knowledge moderates the relationship between the two promotions and perceived quality. Practical implications The findings provide valuable guidance for managers to conduct promotional campaigns. ULD is an effective promotion to attract consumers to purchase with keeping consumers’ perceived quality high, and such effectiveness will rise for products that consumers are unfamiliar with. Managers can make rational use of ULD to achieve positive promotion results in both the short and long term. Originality/value Few studies pay attention to the long-term effects of the uncertain promotion. This research profoundly investigates the impact of ULD on perceived quality, which complements existing studies from a more integrated perspective that combines short- and long-term effects. Also, this research identifies the mechanism based on the cue diagnosticity theory and puts forward a new explanation for positive uncertainty in uncertain promotions. Finally, this research applies the impact of product knowledge on information process strategies into the uncertain promotion, which clarifies the utility boundary of ULD from a new perspective and offers a more comprehensive understanding for this promotion.

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Choi, Choongbeom, and Anna S. Mattila. "The Effects of Internal and External Reference Prices on Travelers’ Price Evaluations." Journal of Travel Research 57, no. 8 (October 30, 2017): 1068–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0047287517735910.

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The relative use of an internal reference price (IRP) versus an external reference price (ERP) becomes an important issue in the travel and lodging contexts as the increased promotional activity by destinations and hotels is likely to be based on price-comparison advertisements. However, there is little guidance on how tourism and hospitality organizations can use pricing structure to influence reference price, which is cardinal to travelers’ evaluation of price acceptability. Thus, the current research examines how pricing characteristics of the lodging services shift travelers’ sensitivity to two different types of reference prices, and therefore, influence their price evaluations. Compared with IRP, our findings indicate that individuals are more sensitive to and affected by ERP. The results also demonstrate that information accessibility and perceived diagnosticity are key mechanisms that lead to the differential effect of IRP versus ERP on travelers’ price evaluations. Relevant managerial implications are drawn regarding price and promotion strategies.

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Cone, Jeremy, Kathryn Flaharty, and Melissa J. Ferguson. "The Long-Term Effects of New Evidence on Implicit Impressions of Other People." Psychological Science 32, no. 2 (January 11, 2021): 173–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956797620963559.

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Implicit impressions are often assumed to be difficult to update in light of new information. Even when an intervention appears to successfully change implicit evaluations, the effects have been found to be fleeting, reverting to baseline just hours or days later. Recent findings, however, show that two properties of new evidence—diagnosticity and believability—can result in very rapid implicit updating. In the current studies, we assessed the long-term effects of evidence possessing these two properties on implicit updating over periods of days, weeks, and months. Three studies assessed the malleability of implicit evaluations after memory consolidation (Study 1; N = 396) as well as the longer-term trajectories of implicit responses after exposure to new evidence about novel targets (Study 2; N = 375) and familiar ones (Study 3; N = 341). In contrast with recent work, our findings suggest that implicit impressions can exhibit both flexibility after consolidation and durability weeks or months later.

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Yuan, Chunlin, Shuman Wang, and Xiaolei Yu. "The impact of food traceability system on consumer perceived value and purchase intention in China." Industrial Management & Data Systems 120, no. 4 (February 23, 2020): 810–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/imds-09-2019-0469.

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PurposeBased on the involvement and customer-delivered value theories, this paper proposes a comprehensive framework with which to examine the relationships between food traceability system, consumer perceived value and purchase intention. The study also investigates the moderating role of consumer expertise in the relationship between food traceability system and perceived value.Design/methodology/approachSurvey approach is the primary data collection tool, through which a total of 238 useable responses were obtained. Structural equation modelling is employed to examine the hypothesized relationships among all variables.FindingsThe findings show that the information quality, perceived reliability and product diagnosticity of food traceability system affect consumer perceived value, and the perceived value and purchase intention are positively associated, while consumer expertise acts as a moderator on the relationship between food traceability system and consumer perceived value.Originality/valueThis study sheds light on how consumer perceived value of food traceability system can enhance their intention to purchase traceable food. It contributes to the theory of customer-delivered value and involvement as well as traceable product marketing strategies. From a managerial perspective, guidelines are provided for traceable food producers and marketers to implement reasonable strategies to attract consumers to purchase and promote the sustainable development of food industry.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Information diagnosticity'

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