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Prasetya, R., and A. A. Gde Satia Utama. "Accounting Information System for Cattle Feed Control to Achieve Feed Consumption Efficiency." KnE Social Sciences 3, no. 13 (2019): 1057. http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/kss.v3i13.4267.
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Wusteman, Judith. "RSS: the latest feed." Library Hi Tech 22, no. 4 (2004): 404–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/07378830410570511.
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Makkar, Harinder P. S., and Philippe Ankers. "A need for generating sound quantitative data at national levels for feed-efficient animal production." Animal Production Science 54, no. 10 (2014): 1569. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an14377.
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Increasing demand for livestock products will impose a huge demand on feed resources. Biophysical factors such as scarcity of land, soil and water, food–fuel–feed competition, ongoing global climate change and increasing competition for arable land and non-renewable resources such as fossil sources and minerals are challenging the sustainability of feed production systems. Efficient use of available feed resources is key to efficient animal production and food security. It is impossible to effectively manage a resource if its availability is not known. While Feed inventories or Feed assessments provide critical information on feed productive capacities and feed availability at a regional/country level, the sufficiency of the feed supply can only be gauged relative to demands for feeds. Essentially, this comparison between livestock requirements and feed supplies constitutes the Feed balance. In many countries Feed Balances are not usually available or accurate despite their strategic role for livestock development opportunities, for providing input data into country level food input-output analyses and for emergency prevention. Estimation of Feed Balance at a national level requires information on the amounts of feed resources available and their energy content, livestock population and herd structure. Likewise, reliable and harmonised herd structure data are also lacking. Information on what proportions of cereals being produced in a country that are diverted to feed production is critical for assessing food security situations in countries. In most situations these data are not available for most developing countries. Equally important is the information on the feeding systems i.e. how different feed resources are being fed to livestock. Assessment of environmental impacts of livestock and development of optimal feeding strategies rely on information about feeding systems and data on feed balance. Feed-use efficiency and decrease in release of environmental pollutants from livestock production systems hinges on feeding of balanced rations; and for their preparation, availability of reliable data on chemical composition and nutritional value of feed resources is a must. Also for reducing wastages, ensuring food safety through enhancing feed safety and promoting international trade, data on the presence of microbial contaminants including mycotoxins, heavy metals, antibiotic and pesticide residues must also be strengthened. Development of a National Feed Resource Information Systems linked to a Global Feed Resource Information Systems should be considered. Feed Inventories, Feed Balance, Feeding Systems, and Feed Quality including Feed Contaminants should be considered as integral components of an overall strategy or options that integrate technical (genetics, health and nutrition), policy and institutional interventions for using resources more efficiently to produce more food and feed. Both policy makers and animal feed and crop scientists have a role to play in making this possible.
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Ophir-Arbelle, Ronny, Tal Oron-Gilad, Avinoam Borowsky, and Yisrael Parmet. "Is More Information Better? How Dismounted Soldiers Use Video Feed From Unmanned Vehicles." Journal of Cognitive Engineering and Decision Making 7, no. 1 (2012): 26–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1555343412445054.
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Operational tactics in urban areas are often aided by information from unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). A major challenge for dismounted soldiers, particularly in urban environments, is to understand the conflict area in general and particularly from the UAV feed. The UAV feed is usually used to enhance soldiers’ situation awareness abilities but less for identifying specific elements. A possible way to further enhance soldiers’ abilities is to provide them with multiple sources of information (e.g., aerial and ground views). This study examined the benefits of presenting video feed from UAVs and unmanned ground vehicles (UGVs) in a combined interface, relative to presenting aerial feed alone. Thirty former infantry soldiers with no experience in operating unmanned vehicles participated. Objective performance, subjective evaluations, and eye-tracking patterns were examined in two scenarios. In Scenario 1, performance scores in both identification and orientation tasks were superior in the combined configuration. In Scenario 2, performance scores in the identification tasks were improved, and the addition of the UGV feed did not harm performance in the orientation task. Eye movement scanning patterns reinforced that both UAV and UGV feeds were used for the mission. The combined configuration generated consistent benefits with regard to the identification tasks, perceived mental demand, and reduction of false reports without having any apparent cost on participants. Ground views may provide additional support to dismounted soldiers.
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Munguti, Jonathan, Hannington Odame, James Kirimi, Kevin Obiero, Erick Ogello, and David Liti. "Fish feeds and feed management practices in the Kenyan aquaculture sector: Challenges and opportunities." Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management 24, no. 1 (2021): 82–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.14321/aehm.024.01.12.
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Abstract Feeds and feed management practices are key to the development of the aquaculture sector. To achieve high levels of aquaculture production, fish farmers need nutritionally adequate and cost-effective feeds, which are coupled with good feed management practices. Access to high quality and cost-effective feeds is one of the prerequisites to successful fish farming. This paper reviews the current status of the Kenyan fish feed industry and feed management practices. The review includes constraints and opportunities in fish feeds from a farmer’s perspective. The review shows that the fish feed industry has been boosted by the development of fish feed standards, which has ensured access to high-quality fish feeds by all farmers. Feed management practices considerably impact on the economic performance in fish production. Thus, adopting appropriate feed management technologies and feeding strategies is instrumental in maximizing aquaculture productivity. Some of the major challenges faced by fish farmers in the feed sector including limited access to finance, lack of appropriate technical innovations, limited knowledge in feed formulation and processing and poor feed handling and storage are discussed. These challenges pose limitation in investment opportunities for a viable and sustainable fish feed processing and manufacturing to meet the rising demand occasioned by increased demand for fish food in Kenya. There is a huge potential to develop public-private partnerships with farmer groups to improve access to training and information dissemination on feeds availability and quality. Training fish farmers on feed formulation using locally available feed ingredients provide an opportunity to reduce feed costs, increase feeding efficiency and improve profitability. This paper reviews the current status of the Kenyan fish feed industry and feed management practices including constraints and opportunities from a farmer’s perspective.
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Sansrimahachai, Watsawee. "Provenance in Web Feed Mash-Up Systems." International Journal of Information Technology and Web Engineering 11, no. 4 (2016): 43–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijitwe.2016100103.
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The recent emergence of web 2.0 technologies and rich internet applications is driving the development of a new class of applications that combines data from diverse sources which we refer to as “mash-ups.” One of the most popular mash-ups comes in the form of web feed mash-ups relying on syndication technologies such as RSS and Atom. This kind of mash-ups aggregates web feeds derived from multiple news websites or blogs and then timely presents them in a single interface. In such systems, it is difficult to know exactly how feed results in data mash-ups are generated. In particular, it is difficult for users to make determinations about whether information is trusted. Therefore, it is necessary that web feed mash-ups have to support a mechanism that is capable of recording and querying provenance information - the information about the process that led to result data. In this paper, the author proposes a provenance tracking solution that enables provenance functionality to be facilitated in web feed mash-ups. He demonstrates how the provenance of feed mash-up results to be determined by means of a provenance query algorithm. To tackle the storage problem resulting from the persistence of intermediate web feeds, a novel storage optimization method is introduced. Finally, the author evaluates his provenance solution in terms of storage consumption for provenance collection, demonstrating significant reductions in storage size and achieving reasonable storage overheads.
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Lazaren, Cornelia Coraima, I. Wayan Gede Astawa Karang, and Elok Faiqoh. "Perbandingan Laju Pertumbuhan Tukik Penyu Lekang (Lepidochelys olivacea) dengan Pemberian Pakan Ikan Tongkol, Udang Rebon Kering dan Pakan Campuran." Journal of Marine and Aquatic Sciences 4, no. 1 (2017): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jmas.2018.v4.i01.86-95.
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The population of olive ridley has declined in Indonesia, so that efforts are needed to preserve this turtle population through conservation. In conservation of olive ridley, the selection of the precise feed will affect for a good growth. Feed that has high protein content one of them is dried rebon shrimp and tongkol fish. The utilization of feed from dried rebon shrimp and tongkol fish, especially mix feed of these two feeds for olive ridley baby is still very limited information. This research aims to determine the comparison growth rate of olive ridley with a feeding of tongkol fish, dried rebon shrimp and mixed feed also to know the percentage of feed efficiency. The research was conducted for six weeks at the conservation center TCEC Serangan, Bali. The design method used was Completely Randomized Design (CDR) with one control and three treatments, each treatment getting five repetitions. ANOVA analysis was used to analyze the mean differences between groups and the calculation of feed efficiency was performed to see the percentage of feed that was most efficient in the body of the hatch. The results showed different feeds gave different growth rates. The high protein on mixed feeds has produced the highest growth rates compared with dried rebon shrimp and tongkol fish feed. Similarly, the percentage efficiency of mixed feed is more efficient compared with dried rebon shrimp and tongkol fish feed.
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Moreno, Heylicken, Trina Boykin Nolen, and Stephanie Rosenblatt. "The Read Feed: Reviews." Serials Review 42, no. 2 (2016): 172–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00987913.2016.1170753.
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Johnson, Catherine, Michelle DeMars, and Heylicken (Hayley) Moreno. "The Read Feed: Reviews." Serials Review 45, no. 3 (2019): 196–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00987913.2019.1640003.
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Moreno, Heylicken, Elizabeth Parang, Jill M. Church, and Robert T. Wilson. "The Read Feed - Reviews." Serials Review 45, no. 4 (2019): 264–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00987913.2019.1689898.
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Moreno, Heylicken, Bethany Blankemeyer, Jan Mayo, and Elizabeth Parang. "The Read Feed – Reviews." Serials Review 46, no. 1 (2020): 62–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00987913.2020.1720488.
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Brett, P. A., and P. R. Goodwin. "Detection and identification of animal-derived protein in feedingstuffs by enzyme-linked immunoassay." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) 1991 (March 1991): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600020675.
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In Great Britain the use of animal-derived protein in animal feeds has recently been subject to restrictions (The Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy Order 1988 and subsequent orders), including a prohibition on the use of animal protein produced from ruminant carcases in feed given to ruminants. More generally, livestock producers are increasingly demanding more detailed information about the ingredients included in the compound feeds they purchase, and may stipulate that meat and bone meal derived from particular animal species is not used in their feed. In order that compliance with these legal and commercial requirements can be monitored and enforced, it is important that feed manufacturers, their customers and the regulatory authorities should have recourse to a means of identifying the species from which animal protein, when present in a feed, is derived.
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Munguti, Jonathan, K. Obiero, H. Odame, et al. "Key limitations of fish feeds, feed management practices, and opportunities in Kenya’s aquaculture enterprise." African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development 21, no. 02 (2021): 17415–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.18697/ajfand.97.20455.
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Profitability is key in fish farming, just as it is to any other enterprise. For the farmers to actualize high-profit margins, it is imperative to have access to well-balanced nutritive and cost-effective feeds, backed by sound on-farm feed management practices. This paper auditsKenya’sfish feed industry and the on-going on-farm feed management practices, and emerging opportunities for fish farmers. The development of fish feed quality standards has boosted the aquaculture sector in Kenya, providing them hope that farmers will access high quality fish feeds. Much of the fish feed currently being used in Kenya is produced on-farm or by small-scale fish feed manufacturers within the East African region, while a few are imported directly from overseas countries, notably Israel, Netherlands, Mauritius and Denmark. Fish feeds produced by small-scale manufacturers are not closely monitored by quality standard agencies and not surprising that a majority are of poor quality. The improvement in the quality of these feeds is likely to lead to increased productivity and profitability because they are cheaper and readily available to fish farmers, compared to imported fish feeds. Besides feed quality, feed management practices markedly impact both the growth and economic performance of fish production. Adopting appropriate feed management strategies, therefore, is instrumental in the maximization of fish production and economic returns. Research has demonstrated several strategies for best feed management practices, which have not hitherto, been adopted by fish farmers in Kenya. Farmers have mainly focused on the mode of delivery of feeds to the fish. Furthermore, promoting natural pond productivity and supplementary feeding is still a common practice in the East African region. Provision of species-specific feeds and targeting the nutritional requirements of the different life stages of fish is still a major issue, although some local companies like Unga Farm Care(EA)have come up with a size and species-specific feed for catfish such as Fugro catfish®.To improve access to such information,public-private partnerships should be developed and, programmes that utilize the local media platforms such as extension service outlets must also be encouraged. Feed quality checks can also be carried out amongst fish feed suppliers. Lastly, farmers should be trained in various fish feed aspects like formulation, transportation and storage to sustain a steady fishfeed supply andsave on associated feed costs.
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Hanson, Jake R., and Sara I. Walker. "Integrated Information Theory and Isomorphic Feed-Forward Philosophical Zombies." Entropy 21, no. 11 (2019): 1073. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e21111073.
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Any theory amenable to scientific inquiry must have testable consequences. This minimal criterion is uniquely challenging for the study of consciousness, as we do not know if it is possible to confirm via observation from the outside whether or not a physical system knows what it feels like to have an inside—a challenge referred to as the “hard problem” of consciousness. To arrive at a theory of consciousness, the hard problem has motivated development of phenomenological approaches that adopt assumptions of what properties consciousness has based on first-hand experience and, from these, derive the physical processes that give rise to these properties. A leading theory adopting this approach is Integrated Information Theory (IIT), which assumes our subjective experience is a “unified whole”, subsequently yielding a requirement for physical feedback as a necessary condition for consciousness. Here, we develop a mathematical framework to assess the validity of this assumption by testing it in the context of isomorphic physical systems with and without feedback. The isomorphism allows us to isolate changes in Φ without affecting the size or functionality of the original system. Indeed, the only mathematical difference between a “conscious” system with Φ > 0 and an isomorphic “philosophical zombie” with Φ = 0 is a permutation of the binary labels used to internally represent functional states. This implies Φ is sensitive to functionally arbitrary aspects of a particular labeling scheme, with no clear justification in terms of phenomenological differences. In light of this, we argue any quantitative theory of consciousness, including IIT, should be invariant under isomorphisms if it is to avoid the existence of isomorphic philosophical zombies and the epistemological problems they pose.
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Weerkamp, Wouter, Krisztian Balog, and Maarten de Rijke. "Blog feed search with a post index." Information Retrieval 14, no. 5 (2011): 515–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10791-011-9165-9.
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Lee, Yeha, Seung-Hoon Na, and Jong-Hyeok Lee. "Utilizing local evidence for blog feed search." Information Retrieval 15, no. 2 (2011): 157–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10791-011-9176-6.
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Nayeem, Mir Abu, Amir Hossain, Mahidi Hossen Hannan, and Subrata Mondal. "Comparative analysis of nutritional quality of different fish feed available in greater Noakhali region, Bangladesh." Asian-Australasian Journal of Food Safety and Security 3, no. 1 (2019): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/aajfss.v3i1.55921.
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An experiment was carried out to comparative analysis of nutritional quality of different fish feed from different feed dealers and industries in greater Noakhali region and to compare the values with those provided by the manufacturers. The feed samples were collected from different feed industries and dealer's shop of these region. Feed samples were collected during 10 August to 5 September, 2016. The collected feed samples were stored and analyzed in the Fish Nutrition Laboratory of the Department of Aquaculture in the Faculty of Fisheries, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh for proximate composition (moisture, ash, crude protein, crude lipid, crude fiber, carbohydrate) following standard methods. Results showed that there was significant variation between analyzed and company provided nutritive values of different feeds. Some feed samples have low moisture level (difference 0.7 to 3.3%). Ash content of the experimental samples also show a variety of results compared to their labeled composition. Only some feed have more values to the company provided values, such as, Mega starter (12.13%) and Bengal grower (12.75) proportion with 12%. Some feed contains more difference range of 6.01% more than labeled values is RP feed (20.01%). Maximum feed samples had lower crude protein (difference 0.05 to 4.65%) than the company provided protein values. However, only crude protein of Bengal finisher (29.95%) and Aftab grower (28.07%) feeds were found to be almost same to the company provided nutritive values (30% and 28%). The lipid, ash and carbohydrates contents of the experimental samples also have a difference range. The highest lipid values are available in Provita starter (9.76%) and lowest values containing feed Setu grower (4.33%). The highest carbohydrates content in the feed Provita starter (36.84%). The findings of this study demonstrated that low quality commercial fish feeds were supplied to the fish farmers by majority of feed companies. Therefore, the study will generate some information to the farmers which will help to choose the best feed for their aquaculture production.
 Asian Australas. J. Food Saf. Secur. 2019, 3(1), 1-14
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Retnani, Yuli, N. N. Barkah, A. Saenab, and Taryati. "Processing Technology of Feed Wafer to Increase Feed Production and Efficiency." Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences 30, no. 1 (2020): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.14334/wartazoa.v30i1.2473.
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Feed is one of the important factor that affect livestock productivity, so the availability of good quality feed is a requirement for livestock development in an area. In the tropical area, providing forage as a crucial feed for ruminants was hampered by fluctuating seasons. Likewise, the availability of agricultural waste as an alternative source of feed material experiences the same constraints, easily damaged, and bulky (voluminous). Therefore, feed processing technology is needed so that it is become durable, easily stored, and easily provided for livestock. One way to overcome this is to utilize technology for making wafers. Information regarding technology for making animal feed wafers in Indonesia is still limited. This paper reviews a number of studies that discuss the development of wafer processing technology, types of wafers, the main components of wafer compilers, wafer manufacturing processes, reactions that occur during wafer manufacturing, nutrient quality of various wafers, and the results of research on the use of wafers for feed livestock. Wafers are feeds that are processed using heat and pressure, so that a solid, compact, and high density product is formed. Feed wafer technology is a modification of cube and block feed. Wafers are divided into feed wafers, feed supplement wafers, and complete feed wafers. Feed wafers can be used instead of concentrates. Feed supplement wafers are high in energy and protein. Complete feed wafers contain energy, protein, fiber, and complete minerals that have been adapted to the daily nutritional needs of livestock. Feed wafer processing technology can be one of the strategies to provide feed with a constant composition of nutrients throughout the season and increase production and feed efficiency.
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Chapple, D. G., K. P. A. Wheeler, and S. P. Marsh. "A comparison of feed blocks or compound supplementary feeding systems for twin-bearing ewes during pregnancy and lactation." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 1996 (March 1996): 176. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600031421.
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The feeding of ewes in late pregnancy is critically important because this is a period of high foetal growth rate. Feed blocks have been used to replace compound feeds in both hill and upland flocks but there is limited information available on block-feeding to lowland flocks.To evaluate the replacement of trough-feeding with self-help feed blocks, for housed ewes fed good quality grass silage during late pregnancy, and to lactating ewes at grass.
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Asnani, Himanshu, Haim Henri Permuter, and Tsachy Weissman. "To Feed or Not to Feedback." IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 60, no. 9 (2014): 5150–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tit.2014.2331957.
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MacLachlan, D. J. "Estimating the transfer of contaminants in animal feedstuffs to livestock tissues, milk and eggs: a review." Animal Production Science 51, no. 12 (2011): 1067. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an11112.
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Literature studies on the transfer from livestock feed of residues of organic contaminants, metals and mycotoxins to edible livestock commodities have been reviewed. This review focuses on contaminants relevant to risks assessment of livestock feeds, especially those contaminants for which regulatory standards have been established. Those involved in the supply of livestock feed need to be aware of maximum levels for various contaminants in food and develop strategies to ensure food derived from livestock complies. An impediment to profiling feed ingredients has been the lack of accessible information on the transfer of residues from feed to tissues, milk and eggs derived from exposed livestock. Transfer factors are summarised for 72 contaminants for cattle, sheep, goats, pigs and poultry and can be used in the first tiers of risk assessment to identify contaminant and feed ingredient combinations that require management.
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Mayne, C. S., Rosemary Agnew, D. C. Patterson, et al. "An examination of possible interactions between silage type and concentrate composition on the intake characteristics of grass silage offered to growing cattle and dairy cows." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 1995 (March 1995): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600027902.
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Considerable progress has been made recently in improving the accuracy of prediction of silage intake, when offered as the sole food, to growing cattle (Steen et al, 1995). However, in order to incorporate this information into feed rationing programmes, it is essential to obtain information on how silages of differing characteristics interact when offered with a range of levels and types of supplementary feeds. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of concentrate energy source and crude protein concentration, when offered at a range of feed levels, on the voluntary food of a diverse range of grass silages with both growing beef cattle and dairy cows.
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Aso, Kenji, Takashi Hanakawa, Toshihiko Aso, and Hidenao Fukuyama. "Cerebro-cerebellar Interactions Underlying Temporal Information Processing." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 22, no. 12 (2010): 2913–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2010.21429.
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The neural basis of temporal information processing remains unclear, but it is proposed that the cerebellum plays an important role through its internal clock or feed-forward computation functions. In this study, fMRI was used to investigate the brain networks engaged in perceptual and motor aspects of subsecond temporal processing without accompanying coprocessing of spatial information. Direct comparison between perceptual and motor aspects of time processing was made with a categorical-design analysis. The right lateral cerebellum (lobule VI) was active during a time discrimination task, whereas the left cerebellar lobule VI was activated during a timed movement generation task. These findings were consistent with the idea that the cerebellum contributed to subsecond time processing in both perceptual and motor aspects. The feed-forward computational theory of the cerebellum predicted increased cerebro-cerebellar interactions during time information processing. In fact, a psychophysiological interaction analysis identified the supplementary motor and dorsal premotor areas, which had a significant functional connectivity with the right cerebellar region during a time discrimination task and with the left lateral cerebellum during a timed movement generation task. The involvement of cerebro-cerebellar interactions may provide supportive evidence that temporal information processing relies on the simulation of timing information through feed-forward computation in the cerebellum.
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CAMPA, ALESSANDRO, PAOLO DEL GIUDICE, JEAN-PIERRE NADAL, and NESTOR PARGA. "NEURAL NETWORKS AS OPTIMAL INFORMATION PROCESSORS." International Journal of Modern Physics C 05, no. 05 (1994): 855–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183194000994.
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We explore the properties of a feed-forward neural network whose couplings are chosen in such a way as to maximize the input-output mutual information, in the case in which the input-output channel is affected by noise.
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Maroto-Molina, F., A. Gómez-Cabrera, J. E. Guerrero-Ginel, A. Garrido-Varo, and D. C. Pérez-Marín. "Building a metadata framework for sharing feed information in Spain1." Journal of Animal Science 89, no. 3 (2011): 882–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/jas.2010-3488.
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Pauwels, P., T. Jonckheere, R. De Meyer, and J. Van Campenhout. "Increasing information feed in the process of structural steel design." International Journal Sustainable Construction & Design 2, no. 2 (2012): 180–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/scad.v2i2.20514.
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Research initiatives throughout history have shown how a designer typically makes associationsand references to a vast amount of knowledge based on experiences to make decisions. With theincreasing usage of information systems in our everyday lives, one might imagine an information systemthat provides designers access to the ‘architectural memories’ of other architectural designers during thedesign process, in addition to their own physical architectural memory. In this paper, we discuss how theincreased adoption of semantic web technologies might advance this idea. We investigate to what extentinformation can be described with these technologies in the context of structural steel design. Thisinvestigation indicates possibilities regarding information reuse in the process of structural steel design and,by extent, in other design contexts as well.
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Minyard, James P., W. Edward Roberts, and William Y. Cobb. "State Programs for Pesticide Residues in Foods." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 72, no. 3 (1989): 525–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/72.3.525.
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Abstract Two U.S. data collection and dissemination programs, FEEDCON and FOODCONTAM, are described. FEEDCON provides information on contamination levels in animal feeds of toxic chemical residues (pesticides, industrial chemicals, heavy metals, mycotoxins, natural plant toxins, salmonella, and therapeutic drug cross-contaminations). FEEDCON data are collected from approximately 40 state feed regulatory agencies, feed manufacturers, and related groups who subscribe ($100-$200 per year) to the program, which is sponsored by the Association of American Feed Control Officials. FOODCONTAM provides similar information, but is limited to pesticides, heavy metals and industrial chemicals (polychlorinated and polybrominated biphenyls, etc.) in human foods. Both programs have been developed and initiated under U.S. Food and Drug Administration contracts with the Mississippi State Chemical Laboratory. Program structures of both are outlined conceptually, and FOODCONTAM is described in detail. FOODCONTAM data-sharing program development is essentially complete, but expansion by incorporating FDA data with State Laboratory data is nearing reality.
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Aaqillah-Amr, Mohd Amran, Ariffin Hidir, Mohamad N. Azra, et al. "Use of Pelleted Diets in Commercially Farmed Decapods during Juvenile Stages: A Review." Animals 11, no. 6 (2021): 1761. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11061761.
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The increasing market demand for decapods has led to a considerable interest in cultivating decapod species at a larger scale. Following the development of hatchery technologies, most research has focused on the development of formulated feeds for commercially farmed decapods once they enter the juvenile stages. The use of formulated feed for decapods at a commercial scale is still in the early stages. This is probably because of the unique feeding behavior that decapods possess: being robust, slow feeders and bottom dwellers, their feeding preferences change during the transition from pelagic larvae to benthic juveniles as their digestive systems develop and become more complex. The current practice of decapod aquaculture involves the provision of juveniles with food such as natural diet, live feed, and formulated feed. Knowledge of nutrient requirements enables diets to be better formulated. By manipulating the levels of proteins and lipids, a formulated feed can be expected to lead to optimal growth in decapods. At the same time, the pellet’s physical characteristics are important factors to be considered upon formulating commercially farmed decapod feeds, considering the unique feeding behavior of the decapod. However, most published studies on decapod nutrition lack data on the physical characteristics of the feed types. Thus, it is difficult to establish a standard feed formulation that focuses on the physical pellet properties. Moreover, careful consideration must be given to the feeding behavior of species, as decapods are known as bottom feeders and are robust in terms of handling feed. Information on the pellet forms, diet composition, and unique feeding behaviors in commercially farmed decapods is gathered to suggest potential better formulated diets that can optimize growth and reproduction. Thus, the purpose of this review is to summarize the information that has been published to date and to come up with suggestions on ways to improve the feed formulation in decapods that comply with their feeding behavior and nutrient requirements. Further research is needed to explore the potential of the pelleted feed at the adult stage so the decapod can take full advantage of the nutrients present in the pellets.
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García, Víctor Manuel Álvarez, María del Puerto Paule Ruiz, Remko van Dort, and Juan Ramón Pérez Pérez. "RSS-Based Learning Using Audio." International Journal of Human Capital and Information Technology Professionals 1, no. 4 (2010): 76–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jhcitp.2010100105.
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Specifications such as RSS feeds are opening a new channel of communication for Internet-based learning, which gives a decentralized view of web resources while maintaining the privacy of teachers and students who are consulting the information. This philosophy can be used to create personalized learning tools in which users can take control of resources they want to have access to. In this regard, RSS is XML-based, which makes it easy to complement visual access with audio interfaces, adapting the feeds to different educational contexts and learning styles. This paper discusses the use of feed syndication to create personalized feed readers accessible in visual and voice formats.
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Popoff, M., M. MacLeod, and W. Leschen. "Attitudes towards the use of insect-derived materials in Scottish salmon feeds." Journal of Insects as Food and Feed 3, no. 2 (2017): 131–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/jiff2016.0032.
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Fishmeal is an important source of high quality protein in aquaculture, but concerns about its cost and sustainability are making it a less attractive feed material. Replacing fishmeal with plant proteins can impact on the nutritional quality of farmed salmon. In theory insect meals could be substituted for fishmeal without affecting the quality of the fish produced. They could also provide a way of adding value to the bio-wastes used to rear the insects. However little is known about consumer or producer attitudes towards the use of insect meals. This paper reports findings of a survey of consumer attitudes in the UK, towards the incorporation of cultured insect larvae (maggots) – derived feed materials into commercial formulated fish feeds for the Scottish salmon farming sector. It provides results of investigations on the attitudes of other stakeholders (salmon farmers, feed producers and fish retailers) via semi-structured interviews. Consumer attitudes towards the use of insect meal were found to be favourable (only 10% were opposed to the inclusion of insect meal in salmon feed; n=180), with vegetable waste being the preferred waste stream for rearing insects. The interviews suggest that feed and salmon producers are in principle open to the use of insect meals, provided the feeds are proven to be safe and reliable. However producing insect meal in sufficient quantity, quality and at a price that is competitive with existing feed materials will be challenging. In conclusion, a large part of the population is uninformed, or misinformed, about the benefits of insect-feed. Because people tend to know very little about feeds and their impact on the environment, they generally have no strong opinions about the subject, and purchasing decisions are guided by other factors. More information may increase awareness and likelihood that people will accept Insect-based feeds.
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Zhao, Jie, and Can Yan. "User Acceptance of Information Feed Advertising: A Hybrid Method Based on SEM and QCA." Future Internet 12, no. 12 (2020): 209. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fi12120209.
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It is of great significance for enterprises’ development to effectively use mobile Internet to carry out information feed advertising. This paper aims to study the influence factors and effect of the users’ acceptance intention of information feed advertising through empirical analysis to provide references for further optimizing information feed advertising strategy. Traditional quantitative analysis methods, such as the Structural Equation Model (SEM), can only measure a single factor’s influence from an individual perspective. Therefore, we introduce the Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) and present a two-stage hybrid method based on SEM and QCA. In the first stage, we analyze the influence of a single variable on the acceptance intention of information feed advertising by SEM. Then, in the second stage, we analyze the impact of different variable combinations by QCA. Based on the actual questionnaire data, we define six independent variables and use AMOS, SPSS, and fsQCA to carry out SEM analysis and the fuzzy-set-based QCA analysis, respectively. The SEM analysis results show that the four factors (including consistency, informativeness, sociability, and advertising reward) have a significant positive impact on user acceptance of information feed advertising. On the contrary, perceived advertising clustering has a significant negative impact. In addition, accuracy has no considerable effect. The QCA analysis reveals that seven constructs of six variables can all significantly enhance information feed ads’ acceptance intention.
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Jovanovic, Dragoljub, Radmila Markovic, Stamen Radulovic, Svetlana Grdovic, Milena Krstic, and Dragan Sefer. "Aflatoxins in feed." Veterinarski glasnik 72, no. 1 (2018): 14–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vetgl1801015j.
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Background. Mycotoxins are toxic secondary metabolites, which are synthesized from a large number of intermediates from the primary metabolism of saprophytic molds. Aflatoxins, due to their genotoxic and carcinogenic effects, are the most important group of mycotoxins from the aspect of their impact on human and animal health. Of all known aflatoxins, AFB1 is the most frequent, with the most harmful impact on human and animal health. Scope and Approach. Due to their prevalence and toxicity, monitoring the presence of aflatoxins in the food chain is required. The scope of this paper is to provide information on the presence of aflatoxins in animal feed and in milk. This paper describes temperature increases in Europe that are contributing to the increased presence of aflatoxins in food, as well as aflatoxin prevention and protection measures. Key Findings and Conclusions. During the last decade, serious contamination of corn with aflatoxins was recorded in southern Europe. In the summer of 2012, Serbia recorded high concentrations of aflatoxins in corn and milk. Based on climate change data, it is expected that aflatoxin contamination in corn will become more frequent.
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Baron, Steve, Anthony Patterson, Roger Maull, and Gary Warnaby. "Feed People First." Journal of Service Research 21, no. 1 (2017): 135–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1094670517738372.
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Service research highlights the utility of adopting a service ecosystem approach to studying service innovation. It suggests that service innovations can arise from challenging and developing the institutions (i.e., norms, rules, practices, meanings, and symbols) which underpin an ecosystem. Also, recent emphasis on consumer well-being posits that studies of service provision to poor consumers are needed. Reflecting these research priorities, the context of this case study on service innovation is the food waste ecosystem, whereby service innovations can contribute to the alleviation of food poverty for thousands of citizens. The central actor of the ecosystem is the leading UK charity organization fighting food waste. The paper’s contribution lies in using data from ecosystem actors to clarify the distinctions between institutions, thereby enhancing understanding of the application of institutional theory within the ecosystem and highlighting some theoretical implications for service innovation both within- and between-system levels. An actor institutions matrix is offered as a fruitful outcome of the analysis of the institutions, and suggested recommendations for operationalizing service ecosystem studies are outlined.
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Sandi, Muhammad Kurnia, Anggunmeka Luhur Prasasti, and Marisa W. Paryasto. "RESTAURANT DENSITY PREDICTION SYSTEM USING FEED FORWARD NEURAL NETWORK." Jurnal Riset Informatika 3, no. 2 (2021): 127–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.34288/jri.v3i2.202.
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In this day and age, information about something is so important. The level of trust of modern society depends on the testing of information. Tested and accurate information will have a good impact on the community. One of the important but often missed information is information about the density of a restaurant. Information about restaurant density is important to know because it can affect the actions of someone who will visit the restaurant. This information is also useful to provide information in advance so that diners avoid full restaurants to avoid the spread of the Covid-19 virus, among other things. With limited operating hours as well as the number of restaurant visitors, information about the density of a restaurant becomes much needed. The lack of information on restaurant density is a major problem in the community. The needs of the community, made this study aims to predict the density of a restaurant an hour later. Based on survey data and existing literature data, with simulation methods and also system analysis built using feedforward neural network artificial intelligence architecture and then trained with Backpropagation algorithms produced accuracy of 97.8% with literature data
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V., Banha,, Krupych, O., and Yatsko, S. "Methods of experimental testing operating parts in individual dispenser of mixed fodders." Mehanization and electrification of agricultural, no. 9(108) (2019): 113–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.37204/0131-2189-2019-9-14.
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Purpose. Improving the reliability of the results of the study of the working bodies of the individual compound feed dispenser by improving the method of their implementation. Methods. Experimental research of the working bodies in individual metering of feed were carried out using the laws of kinematics and dynamics and with the use of strain gauges. Method planned experiment using the theory of screening experiment, statistical processing of research results with the use PC. Results. The experimental installation has been developed for research of cone and cone-blade working bodies by individual batcher of compound feeds with devices for measuring, registration and transfer of information by electric signals of the current values mass stream in dynamic mode, display and storage of information and control and measuring devices for measurement power of process dosing and irregularity delivery of compound feed. Weight of compound feed in the bunker by individual batcher, changes direction movement stream of compound feed. The technique of experimental researches using the theory of screening experiment by random balance, the factors are equal to their variation, which affect the optimization criterion of the individual feed dispenser, the matrix plan of the screening experiment, the equation for determining the effects factors and the physical and mechanical properties of feed. Conclusions. Research of the working bodies in the individual feed dispenser according to the proposed technique of the random experiment by the random balance method makes it possible to establish significant and insignificant research factors (diameter and speed of the cone working body, height and number of blades, the angle of the cone at its base, the ring gap between the outlet neck of the hopper and the cone working body), to increase the reliability of the results of the experiment. Keywords: individual dispenser, experimental installation, operating part, productivity, optimization criterion, mixed fodder.
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Dorohov, Aleksey, and Narek Chilingaryan. "Status and development prospects of the feed industry in the Russian Federation." Agrarian Bulletin of the 198, no. 7 (2020): 75–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.32417/1997-4868-2020-198-7-75-84.
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Abstract. Purpose. Analysis of the state and forecast of possible scenarios of the development of the feed industry in the Russian Federation. Methods. The following research methods were used in the work: analysis, comparison, induction and deduction, strategic forecasting. The studies were carried out on the basis of materials presented on the information resources of the Federal State Statistics Service, the Ministry of Agriculture of Russia, the Federal Customs Service of Russia, the Union of Feed Makers of Russia. Based on the analysis of the condition, trends and patterns of development of the feed industry, possible scenarios of changes in the industry are predicted under certain conditions. Results. The production volumes of compound feeds, premixes and protein-vitamin-mineral supplements in the Russian Federation for 2011–2018 are given. The dynamics of changes in the number of pigs, cattle and production volumes of poultry meat is shown. More than half of compound feeds in Russia are produced by 25 enterprises, and the components from which premixes are made are imported. The average prices for compound feeds for pigs, cattle and poultry for 2013–2018 are presented. In 2018, 4.5 million tons of feed were exported from Russia, of which 3 million tons are meal and cake from sunflower, soybean, rape, as well as beet pulp, only 110 thousand tons of finished mixed feed were exported. The data on gross grain harvest in the Russian Federation as the main filler of animal feed are given. The development of the feed industry will be facilitated by an increase in the sown area of promising crops with a high content of protein - soy and lupine. Scientific novelty. The main problems that hinder the development of the feed industry are identified and three development scenarios are proposed - pessimistic, optimistic and most likely. The directions of the work of feed mills and science, as well as measures of state support that promote the development of the industry in an optimistic development scenario, are proposed.
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Valizadeh, R. "Study on chemical treatment of wheat straw with Norea alkali." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2003 (2003): 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200013272.
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Feed shortage is the greatest obstacle to Iranian livestock industry. Historically, crop residues mainly cereal straw has been very important feed resources for ruminants during late summer and cold seasons in Iran. The digestibility and voluntary feed intake of these fibrous residues are quite low. The feeding value of fibrous co-products can be upgraded by chemical treatment (Galletti, 1991). Norea as a cheap locally produced alkali containing mainly lime and sulphur with higher solubility. Although the alkali is used for removing superfluous hair in human hygiene but it might also be effective for cell wall degradation in fibrous feeds. There was no any information on utilization of this alkali. Therefore, the reason for undertaking this experiment was to test this suggestion.
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Char, M. B. S. "Questions concerned with feed‐back and feed‐forward cycles." Kybernetes 27, no. 1 (1998): 87–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03684929810795199.
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Arthur, P. F., and R. M. Herd. "Efficiency of feed utilisation by livestock — Implications and benefits of genetic improvement." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 85, no. 3 (2005): 281–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/a04-062.
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Genetic improvement strategies in the past have concentrated on traits associated with outputs. Traits that directly affect input costs, such as those related to the efficiency of feed utilisation, have only recently started to receive some attention. This paper examines the current state of knowledge, benefits and challenges associated with genetic improvement of feed utilisation by livestock. Current information indicates the existence of genetic variation in feed efficiency and moderate heritability for most feed efficiency traits in all livestock species. However, there is a paucity of information on the genetic relationships among feed efficiency traits and other traits at different phases of the production cycle. The challenge is to develop breeding programs that exploit genetic variation in efficiency of feed utilisation to improve whole production system efficiency. The cost of recording feed intake (used to compute feed efficiency traits) is high, making it uneconomical, in some species, to measure feed intake in all potential seedstock animals. However, where a two-stage selection approach has been adopted, the inclusion of feed efficiency traits in genetic improvement schemes has yielded substantial additional benefits over and above the benefits from existing schemes that do not include feed efficiency traits. Under a two-stage selection strategy all potential seedstock animals are first evaluated for the production traits of interest, after which strategically selected individuals undergo feed efficiency testing. Where physiological or genetic markers for feed efficiency exist, such information is included in the first stage selection decision. There is theoretical evidence that selection for some feed efficiency traits, such as residual feed intake, will have additional benefit of reducing greenhouse emissions by livestock and improving environmental sustainability. The challenge is to generate the necessary empirical data to support this assertion. Key words: Feed efficiency, genetics, physiology, economic benefit, environmental sustainability
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Okunlola, O. O. "Feed mills operation and feedstuff safety in Oyo zone, Nigeria." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 47, no. 5 (2020): 127–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v47i5.1329.
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Feed mills play a vital role in the success of the livestock industry. Feed mills operation in Oyo zone of Oyo state, Nigeria is as old as the livestock industry in the zone. However, very little information on the activities of the feed mills in the zone is available. This study was therefore carried out to elicit information on the activities of the feed mills in Oyo zone, Nigeria. A multistage sampling method was adopted for this study. In the first stage, Oyo zone was divided into four, while in the second stage 10 questionnaires were administered to feed millers in each of the four Local Government Areas (LGAs), making a total of 40 in all. All administered questionnaires were recovered, processed and subjected to descriptive statistics using frequency counts and percentages. From the result obtained, majority of the respondents had tertiary education (70.00%) and 65.00% of them were casual workers. The study also shows that majority of the feed mills in the study area were for commercial purposes (70.00%) and semi-automated (65.00%). Also, 67.50 claimed they had separate structures where they stored the feed ingredients and feeds and 72.50% of the feed millers claimed awareness of mycotoxins in feed ingredients and feeds. The study reveals that majority of the respondents financed their feed mill businesses through their personal savings (40.00%). It can be recommended that low interest credit facilities be provided to the feed millers by the concerned authorities to further boost their businesses. Les usines d'aliments des animaux jouent un rôle essentiel dans le succès de l'industrie de l'élevage. L'operation des usines d'aliments des animaux dans la zone d'Oyo de l'État d'Oyo, au Nigéria, est aussi ancienne que l'industrie de l'élevage dans la zone. Cependant, très peu d'informations sur les activités des meuneries de la zone sont disponibles. Cette étude a donc été réalisée pour obtenir des informations sur les activités des usines d'aliments des animaux dans la zone d'Oyo, au Nigeria. Une méthode d'échantillonnage à plusieurs degrés a été adoptée pour cette étude. Dans la première étape, la zone d'Oyo a été divisée en quatre, tandis que dans la deuxième étape, 10 questionnaires ont été administrés aux minotiers dans chacune des quatre zones de gouvernement local (LGA), pour faire un total de 40. Tous les questionnaires administrés ont été récupérés, traités et soumis à des statistiques descriptive utilisant des comptages de fréquence et des pourcentages. D'après le résultat obtenu, la majorité des répondants avaient une formation supérieure (70.00%) et 65.00% d'entre eux étaient des travailleurs occasionnels. L'étude montre également que la majorité des meuneries de la zone d'étude étaient à des fins commerciales (70.00%) et semi-automatisées (65.00%). En outre, 67.50 ont déclaré qu'ils avaient des structures séparées où ils stockaient les ingrédients et les aliments des animaux et 72.50% des fabricants d'aliments des animaux ont déclaré qu'ils étaient conscients des mycotoxines présentes dans les ingrédients et les aliments des animaux. L'étude révèle que la majorité des répondants ont financé leurs activités de meunerie grâce à leurs économies personnelles (40,00%). Il peut être recommandé que les autorités concernées fournissent des facilités de crédit à tauxfaible aux meuneries afin de stimuler davantageleurs activités.
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Petterson, D. S., M. Choct, C. J. Rayner, D. J. Harris, and A. B. Blakeney. "Methods for the analysis of premium livestock grains." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 50, no. 5 (1999): 775. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar98166.
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The literature contains a wide range of reported values for the content of most chemical constituents of feed grains and meals. It is not possible to assess accurately how much of this variation is due to genotypic and environmental factors and how much to differences in methodologies between laboratories. We have reviewed the literature for the preparation and analysis of feed grains (cereals, legumes, and oilseeds) and made recommendations for procedures considered to give the most accurate and reliable results. Recommendations are also made for a quality assurance scheme, an inter-laboratory evaluation program, and the use of reference materials. Australia-wide adoption of these practices should ensure that any future variations observed can be ascribed to genotype and/or environment. This review is part of a national premium feed grains quality project which, in turn, is part of a program to provide more accurate and reliable information about the true value of our feed grains to the domestic and international feeds industries.
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Kampa, Björn M., Johannes J. Letzkus, and Greg J. Stuart. "Cortical feed-forward networks for binding different streams of sensory information." Nature Neuroscience 9, no. 12 (2006): 1472–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nn1798.
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Saeedi, E., M. S. Hossain, and Y. Kong. "Feed-Forward Back-Propagation Neural Networks in Side-Channel Information Characterization." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 28, no. 01 (2018): 1950003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126619500038.
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The safety of cryptosystems, mainly based on algorithmic improvement, is still vulnerable to side-channel attacks (SCA) based on machine learning. Multi-class classification based on neural networks and principal components analysis (PCA) can be powerful tools for pattern recognition and classification of side-channel information. In this paper, an experimental investigation was conducted to explore the efficiency of various architectures of feed-forward back-propagation (FFBP) neural networks and PCA against side-channel attacks. The experiment is performed on the data leakage of an FPGA implementation of elliptic curve cryptography (ECC). Our results show that the proposed method is a promising method for SCA with an overall accuracy of 88% correct classification.
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Nwabeze, G. O., B. A. Ibeun, S. Faleke, et al. "Information needs of fish-feed entrepreneurs in Kainji Lake Basin Nigeria." Journal of Agricultural Extension 21, no. 3 (2018): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jae.v21i3.5.
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Sciellour, Mathilde Le, Sébastien Dejean, David Renaudeau, and Olivier Zemb. "PSXIII-9 Can we predict feed efficiency using fecal microbiota information?" Journal of Animal Science 97, Supplement_3 (2019): 477. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz258.937.
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Abstract The present study aimed at predicting feed efficiency (FE) based on fecal microbiota, using partial least square regression (PLSR), sparse PLSR, and random forest regression (RF). Fecal samples from 147 Pietrain x (Large White x Landrace) pigs reared in two consecutive batches were collected at 99 days of age. Daily live body weight and feed intake were individually measured in pigs fed ad libitum with a corn soybean diet. The relative abundances of operational taxonomic units (OTU) resulting from fecal 16S rRNA sequencing were used to build the prediction models of FE between 99 and 113 days. From these data, neither PLSR nor RF models have been validated on external datasets. An important over-fitting has been observed in PLSR. With this aim to test the ability of the methods to retrieve information, synthetic OTU were created to fit an artificial Pearson correlation with FE (r² = 0 to 0.9) and were added among the predictors in the dataset. Artificial OTU correlated above 0.37 with FE improved the prediction in sparse PLSR and RF, and reduced the over-fitting. The best predictions were achieved by sparse PLSR. The present study emphasized the ability of sparse PLSR and RF to build valid prediction models of a quantitative phenotype, based on fecal microbiota composition. Since no OTU was correlated above 0.30 with FE in the real dataset, the power of the prediction methods was not enough to extract useful information from the fecal microbiota. The functional redundancy of the microbiota could explain the lack of relevant information in the real dataset to predict pigs’ quantitative phenotype. These results suggest that the best strategy is to run sparse PLSR only if a correlation higher than 0.37 is observed. This study is part of the Feed-a-Gene Project funded from the European Union’s H2020 Program (grant 633531).
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Van der Honing, Y. "Perspectives of future feed information based on energy and nutrient availability." Archiv für Tierernaehrung 51, no. 2-3 (1998): 135–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17450399809381914.
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Sreenivasan, Sameet, Kevin S. Chan, Ananthram Swami, Gyorgy Korniss, and Boleslaw Karol Szymanski. "Information Cascades in Feed-Based Networks of Users with Limited Attention." IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering 4, no. 2 (2017): 120–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tnse.2016.2625807.
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Krnjaja, Vesna, Lj Stojanovic, R. Cmiljanic, S. Trenkovski, and D. Tomasevic. "The presence of potentially toxigenic fungi in poultry feed." Biotehnologija u stocarstvu 24, no. 5-6 (2008): 87–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/bah0806087k.
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In Serbia, commercial feedstuffs are an important component in modern animal husbandry, but there is no information available about fungal contamination. Because of that the aim of this study was to determine the mycoflora incidence in poultry feeds. A total of 230 samples of poultry feeds were examined for total fungi count and the presence of potential toxigenic fungi genera. Total fungi count were 1-9 x 104 CFU g-1 in the most of investigated poultry feed samples (38.26%). The most prevalent fungi genera were Fusarium (56.09%) and Aspergillus (54.35%), followed by Rhizopus (40%), Penicillium (30.87%), Mucor (30.04%) and the least frequency species were from genus Alternaria (3.48%).
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Venkataramanan, R., and S. S. Pradhan. "Achievable Rates for Multiple Descriptions With Feed-Forward." IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 57, no. 4 (2011): 2270–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tit.2011.2112210.
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Wollenschläger, Ferdinand. "Informationssysteme als Herausforderung für den Rechtsschutz im Europäischen Verwaltungsverbund." Die Verwaltung 52, no. 1 (2019): 1–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3790/verw.52.1.1.
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Abstract Information systems constitute a key feature of the European Composite Administration. In the Food and Feed sector, the European Union has established a Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed (RASFF) obliging the Member States to exchange information on food- and feed-related risks to public health, thus enabling them to take action in case of food safety risks resulting from the free movement of these products within the European Union. Such information systems pose a particular challenge for effective legal protection since undertakings seeking to challenge the information exchange or measures resulting from it because of e. g. incorrect information are confronted with a multitude of actors, legal orders and systems of judicial protection. Against this background, the article explores the RASFF’s design and ist functioning, notably the role of the various actors on national and EU level, and analyses the issues of primary and secondary legal protection in case of incorret alert notifications. Moreover, on the basis of these findings, general conclusions for designing EU information systems – relevant also beyond the Food and Feed sector – will be drawn.