Dissertations / Theses: 'Information velocity'

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Bradshaw, Elizabeth J., and mikewood@deakin edu au. "Information-based regulation of high-velocity foot-targeting tasks." Deakin University. School of Health Sciences, 2001. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20050826.114057.

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Judging time-to-contact with a target is an important criterion for avoiding harm in everyday walking and running tasks, and maximizing performance in high-velocity sporting tasks. The information-based regulation of step length and duration during target-directed locomotion was examined in relation to gait mode, approach velocity, target task, expertise, and sporting performance during a series of four experiments. The first three experiments examined novice performers (Each n=12, 6 males, 6 females), whilst the last experiment examined expert gymnasts (n=5). Two reference strips with alternating 50cm black and white intervals were placed on either side of the approach strip for all of the experiments. One 50Hz-panning video camera filmed the approach from an elevated position. In Experiment 4, two stationary 250Hz cameras filmed the post-flight performance of the gymnastic vaults and, in addition, two qualified judges provided a performance score for each vaulting trial. The panning video footage in each experiment was digitized to deduce the gait characteristics. In Experiment 4, the high-speed video footage was analyzed three-dimensionally to obtain the performance measures such as post-flight height. The utilization of visual stimulus in target-directed locomotion is affected by the observer's state of motion as characterized by the mode of locomotion and also often the speed of locomotion. In addition, experience plays an important role in the capacity of the observer to utilize visual stimulus to control the muscular action of locomotion when either maintaining or adjusting the step mechanics. The characteristics of the terrain and the target also affect the observer's movement. Visual regulation of step length decreases at higher approach speeds in novice performers, where as expert performers are capable of increasing visual regulation at higher approach speeds. Conservatism in final foot placement by female participants accounts for the observed increase in distance from the critical boundary of the obstacle relative to toe placement. Behavioural effects of gender thus affect the control of final foot placement in obstacle-directed locomotion. The visual control of braking in target-directed locomotion is described by a tau-dot of-0.54. When tau-dot is below -0.54 a hard collision with the obstacle will occur, however, when tau-dot is above -0.54, a soft collision with the target will occur. It is suggested that the tau-dot margin defining the control of braking reveals the braking capacity of the system. In the target-directed locomotion examined a tau-dot greater than -0.70 would possibly exceed the braking capacity of the system, thus, leading to injury if performed. The approach towards the take-off board and vaulting horse in gymnastics is an example of target-directed locomotion in sport. Increased visual regulation of the timing and length of each step is a requirement for a fast running approach, a fundamental building block for the execution of complex vaults in gymnastics. The successful performance of complex vaults in gymnastics leads towards a higher judge's score. Future research suggestions include an investigation of visual regulation of step length in curved target-directed locomotion.

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Refors, Michael. "Information filter based sensor fusion for estimation of vehicle velocity." Thesis, KTH, Maskinkonstruktion (Inst.), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-192157.

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In this thesis, the possibility to estimate the velocity of a Heavy-duty vehicle (HDV) based on the Global Positioning System (GPS), an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) and the propeller shaft tachometer is investigated. The thesis was performed at Scania CV AB. The objective was to find an alternative to the wheel encoders that currently are used for velocity estimation. Three different sensor configurations were tested: the first (SC1) was based on GPS and an accelerometer, the second (SC2) was based on GPS, an accelerometer and a gyroscope, and the third (SC3) was based on GPS, an accelerometer and the propeller shaft tachometer. An experimental sensor architecture for collection of measurement data was built. The sensor configurations were evaluated in simulations based on measurement data collected from a test vehicle at Scania’s test track in S¨odert¨alje. An Information filter (IF) was used for decentralized fusion of sensor measurements. The sensor configurations were evaluated against the wheel encoders and a high quality GPS/IMU reference system using the Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), Mean Signed Deviation (MSD) and maximum error. It was concluded that the sensor configurations based solely on GPS and IMU are not robust enough during GPS outages because of the IMU’s drift. An alternative source to GPS for correction of the IMU errors was thus necessary. The propeller shaft tachometer was used for this. The RMSE for this sensor configuration (SC3) was reduced with 37% and the MSD was reduced with 60% in comparison to the wheel encoder based velocity in the most extreme test performed, when the wheels slip and the GPS signal is erroneous during two instances. SC3 is thus proposed for further development. This work lays the basis for real-time implementation of the proposed sensor configuration and shows the feasibility of using the IF for decentralized multi-sensor fusion. It is also suggested to use the IF for integration of multiple sensors to create a refined and redundant velocity estimation.
I det här examensarbetet undersöks möjligheten att skatta hastigheten av ett tungt fordon baserat på GPS, IMU och den drivande axelns varvtalsgivare. Projektet utfördes hos Scania CV AB. Målet var att finna ett alternativ till hjulhastighetssensorerna som används för hastighetsskattning idag. Tre olika sensorkonfigurationer testades. Den första (SC1) baserades på GPS och en longitudinell accelerometer, den andra (SC2) på GPS, en longitudinell accelerometer and ett gyroskop som mäter lutning. Den tredje (SC3) baserades på GPS, en longitudinell accelerometer och den drivande axelns varvtalsgivare. En experimentiell sensorarkitektur byggdes för insamling av mätdata. Sensorkonfigurationerna evaluerades med simuleringar baserade på mätdata från ett testfordon insamlad på Scanias testbana i Södertälje. Ett infrotmationsfilter (IF) användes för decentraliserad fusion av sensordata. Sensorkonfigurationerna evaluerades mot hjulhastighetssensorerna och ett högkvalitativt GPS/IMU-referenssystem med hjälp av de statistiska mätvärdena Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Mean Signed Deviation (MSD) och det maximala felet. Resultaten visade att sensorkonfigurationerna baserade endast på GPS och IMU inte var tillräckligt robusta då GPS-signalen förlorades på grund av IMU:ns tendens att divergera. En alternativ källa till GPS för korrigering av IMU:ns fel var därför nödvändig. För detta användes den drivande axelns varvtalsgivare. Denna sensorkonfiguration (SC3) har visat en RMSE-förbättring med 37% och en MSD förbättrad med 60% i jämförelse med hjulhastighetssensorerna i det mest extrema test som geneomförts, då hjulen spinner och GPSsignalen är felaktig under två tillfällen. SC3 är därför föreslagen för vidareutveckling. Detta arbete lägger grunden för fortsatt utveckling av en realtidsimplementation av den föreslagna sensorkonfigurationen, och påvisar möjligheten att använda ett IF för decentraliserad multisensorfusion. Det är även föreslaget att använda IF för integration av flera sensorer för att skapa en förfinad och redundant hastighetsskattning.

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Attia, Abdel-Hameed M. (Abdel-Hameed Mohammed). "Application of Information Theory Concepts in the Investigation of the Growth Pattern of Production, Distribution and Velocity of Information." Thesis, North Texas State University, 1987. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc331792/.

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The objective of this research is the investigation of the patterns of information growth to test whether there has been an "information explosion." To tackle the main problem, there are three issues which need to be addressed: (1) the concept of information dimensionality; (2) determination of common parameters to measure the amount of information within each dimension; and (3) a working definition of "explosiveness. "

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Nordin, Daniel. "Optical frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) range and velocity measurements." Doctoral thesis, Luleå, 2004. http://epubl.luth.se/1402-1544/2004/43.

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Skog, Isaac, John-Olof Nilsson, Dave Zachariah, and Peter Händel. "Fusing the information from two navigation systems using an upper bound on their maximum spatial separation." KTH, Signalbehandling, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-107445.

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A method is proposed to fuse the information from two navigation systems whose relative position is unknown, but where there exists an upper limit on how far apart the two systems can be. The proposed information fusion method is applied to a scenario in which a pedestrian is equipped with two foot-mounted zero-velocity-aided inertial navigation systems; one system on each foot. The performance of the method is studied using experimental data. The results show that the method has the capability to significantly improve the navigation performance when compared to using two uncoupled foot-mounted systems.

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Rågmark, Johan. "Calibration and Evaluation of Inertial Navigation with Zero Velocity Update for Industrial Fastening Tools." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-298025.

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Indoor Positional Navigation (IPN) systems can be used to track the position of tools in factories which is crucial for quality assurance in many manufacturing industries. Inertial navigation is rarely used on its own because of the noisy Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) sensors which contribute to large drift. Current IPN systems usually involve the installation and calibration of cameras or antennas, so achieving sufficient accuracy with inertial navigation based IPN would be very desirable. This project aims to evaluate an inertial navigation algorithm, based on Zero Velocity Update (ZUPT), for bolt level positioning by repeatability tests using an industrial robot. The ZUPT algorithm, developed at Atlas Copco, manages to effectively reduce drift and achieve moderate accuracy in position for simpler movements. The gravity tracking Kalman filter dictates the systematic errors in position that grow large with increased degree and dimension of rotation. When keeping rotations within 45◦ for a linear movement the absolute error in position is under 10%. Frequent stops are important when moving in a more complex trajectory to be able to negate drift, consequently detecting the start and stop of motion is crucial. The results show that increased frequency will improve accuracy. It is shown that averaging IMU samples before calculations can increase both truthfulness and precision by 10−25%, if sampling the IMU faster than the calculations. The ZUPT approach of inertial navigation will never yield positional results in real time, and the evaluated algorithm only performs well within certain limitations, mainly frequent stops and simple movements. Despite these limitations there is potential in using the algorithm for quality assurance purposes in hand held industrial fasteners.
Kvalitetssäkring är en central fråga för många tillverkningsindustrier, så som flygplans- och bilindustrin, där det är avgörande att varje förband har dragits åt på rätt sätt för att garantera säkerheten i produkten. Moderna fabriker har centrala styrsystem som kommunicerar med maskiner och verktyg, och ifall något blir fel är det vanligt att fabrikslinan stannar vilket blir kostsamt. Inomhuspositionering (IPS) av hög noggrannhet kan spåra vilken åtdragning som blivit fel, vilket dokumenteras och åtgärdas om möjligt senare, utan att stanna fabrikslinan. Dagens noggranna IPS system för kvalitetssäkring kräver installation och kalibrering av kameror och/eller antenner. Tröghetsnavigering kräver i grunden bara billiga sensorer installerade på verktyget men metoden är mycket opålitlig på grund av sensorernas opålitlighet och brus. I detta projekt har en metod för tröghetsnavigering, användandes Zero Velocity Update (ZUPT), evaluerats för kvalitetssäkring av handhållna verktyg genom repetabilitetstester. Tröghetsnavigeringsalgoritmen som tidigare utvecklats på Atlas Copco lyckas på effektivt sätt reducera drift och uppnår rimlig noggranhet för enklare rörelser. För linjära rörelser med rotationer under 45◦ så erhålls ett absolut positionsfel inom 10%. För att fungera väl även för mer komplexa rörelser krävs frekventa stop, och noggrann rörelsedetektion är central. Denna ZUPT-metod kommer aldrig att kunna generera position i realtid och algoritmen presterar väl endast inom vissa begränsningar. Trots detta så finns god potential för metoden inom kvalitetssäkring för handhållna industriverktyg.

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Grönlund, Christer. "Spatio-temporal processing of surface electromyographic signals : information on neuromuscular function and control." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för strålningsvetenskaper, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-958.

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During muscle contraction, electrical signals are generated by the muscle cells. The analysis of those signals is called electromyography (EMG). The EMG signal is mainly determined by physiological factors including so called central factors (central nervous system origin) and peripheral factors (muscle tissue origin). In addition, during the acquisition of EMG signals, technical factors are introduced (measurement equipment origin). The aim of this dissertation was to develop and evaluate methods to estimate physiological properties of the muscles using multichannel surface EMG (MCsEMG) signals. In order to obtain accurate physiological estimates, a method for automatic signal quality estimation was developed. The method’s performance was evaluated using visually classified signals, and the results demonstrated high classification accuracy. A method for estimation of the muscle fibre conduction velocity (MFCV) and the muscle fibre orientation (MFO) was developed. The method was evaluated with synthetic signals and demonstrated high estimation precision at low contraction levels. In order to discriminate between the estimates of MFCV and MFO belonging to single or populations of motor units (MUs), density regions of so called spatial distributions were examined. This method was applied in a study of the trapezius muscle and demonstrated spatial separation of MFCV (as well as MFO) even at high contraction levels. In addition, a method for quantification of MU synchronisation was developed. The performance on synthetic sEMG signals showed high sensitivity on MU synchronisation and robustness to changes in MFCV. The method was applied in a study of the biceps brachii muscle and the relation to force tremor during fatigue. The results showed that MU synchronisation accounted for about 40 % of the force tremor. In conclusion, new sEMG methods were developed to study muscle function and motor control in terms of muscle architecture, muscle fibre characteristics, and processes within the central nervous system.

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Bauer, Andreas [Verfasser], Christian [Akademischer Betreuer] Wolff, and Thomas [Akademischer Betreuer] Mandl. "Information filtering in high velocity text streams using limited memory : an event-driven approach to text stream analysis / Andreas Bauer ; Christian Wolff, Thomas Mandl." Regensburg : Universitätsbibliothek Regensburg, 2016. http://d-nb.info/112130270X/34.

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Danielsen, Nils, and Maximilian Fritsch. "Platsoberoende Scrum-utveckling : - En fallstudie." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för system- och rymdteknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-86168.

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Syften med denna uppsats är att kartlägga hur utvecklare upplever platsoberoende scrum-utveckling, vilken problematik som uppstår samt om effektiviteten påverkas. För att uppnå studiens syfte och besvara de frågeställningar som formulerats i rapporten har data samlats in. Denna data har dels varit kvantitativ, där data har samlats in från en verksamhet som bedriver systemutveckling med metodiken scrum. Data har även varit kvalitativ där data i form av intervjuer har samlats in. Den insamlade datan har sedan analyserats för att kunna svara på forskningsfrågorna. Efter genomförd analys har slutsatser dragits för att kunna uppfylla uppsatsen ursprungliga syfte. Den insamlade empirin tyder på att det finns viss problematik relaterad till kommunikation som blir tydlig när arbetet bedrivs platsoberoende. Den insamlade datan tyder även på en försämrad upplevelse av den sociala miljön när arbetet bedrivs platsoberoende. Slutligen tyder även det analyserade resultatet på en minskad effektivitet när arbetet övergått till platsoberoende. Det teoretiska ramverket ligger som grund för att redogöra för befintliga teorier som är relevanta för undersökningen. Rapporten redogör för befintliga teorier som är relaterade till platsoberoende arbete, agil utveckling, scrum utveckling samt hur effektivitetet av scrum-utveckling kan mätas.
The purpose of this thesis is to map how individuals experience remote scrum development, what problems arise and whether efficiency is affected. In order to achieve the purpose of the study and answer the research-questions formulated in the report, data has been collected. This data has been partly quantitative, where data has been collected from a business that conducts system development with the methodology scrum. Data has also been qualitative where data in the form of interviews have been collected. The collected data has then been analyzed in order to answer the research questions. After completing the analysis, conclusions have been drawn in order to fulfill the thesis' original purpose. The collected empirical evidence indicates that certain problems related to communication become clear when the work is conducted remote. The data collected also indicates a deteriorating experience of the social environment when the work is conducted remote. Finally, the analyzed result also indicates a reduced efficiency when the work has shifted to remote. The theoretical framework is the basis for presenting existing theories that are relevant to the study. The report describes existing theories that are related to site-independent work, agile development, scrum development and how the effectiveness of scrum development can be measured.

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Grönlund, Arthur. "Statistical Survey of Earth’s Magnetopause Using MMS Data : Pressure Balance, Total Pressure Contributions and Magnetopause Velocity near the Subsolar Point, Dawn- and Dusk Flanks." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-295200.

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The magnetopause is an important feature in near-Earth space, where the continuously emitted solar wind from the sun meets the magnetic field of the Earth. This boundary region between the so-called magnetosheath on the outside and magnetosphere on the inside is a constantly back-and-forth moving discontinuity upheld by a pressure balance on both sides, upon which an important process in mass and energy transportation through the universe called magnetic reconnection occurs. To gain further understanding about the magnetopause, this study aimed to produce additional statistical scientific material concerning the discontinuity, including the total pressure difference across it, pressure values and total pressure contributions in the magnetosheath and magnetosphere bordering it, and velocity of the magnetopause related to pressure difference. This was done by analysing data from the MMS-project during crossings of the magnetopause in late 2017 and throughout 2018 at the subsolar point and dawn-/dusk flanks. While the results show in general good agreement with previous studies, some intriguing features were noted, including a pressure difference bias towards higher mean total pressures in the magnetosheath in all regions, as well as shift in dominating pressure in the magnetosphere from magnetic pressure at the subsolar point to thermal pressure on the flanks. Further study to confirm these features ought to be conducted. Finally, no clear connection was revealed between magnetopause velocity and pressure imbalance.
Magnetopausen är en viktig struktur i den jordnära rymden, där den ständigt utskickade solvinden från solen möter jordens magnetfält. Detta gränsområde mellan det så kallade magnetosheath på utsidan och magnetosfären på insidan är en diskontinuitet i ständig rörelse fram och tillbaka, upprätthållen av en tryckbalans på båda sidor, på vars yta en mycket viktig process för mass- och energitransport i universum sker kallad magnetisk rekonnektion. För att öka förståelsen för magnetopausen, har denna studie haft som mål att skapa ytterligare statistiskt material gällande diskontinuiteten. Detta inkluderar den totala tryckskillnaden över den, tryckvärden och deras bidrag till det totala trycket i magnetosheath och magnetosfären som gränsar den, samt magnetosfärens hastighet kopplat till tryckskillnaden över den. Detta gjordes genom analys av data från MMS-projektet, specifikt korsningar av magnetopausen i slutet av 2017 och under 2018 vid subsolar point och morgon- /kvällsflankerna. Om än resultaten visar på generellt sätt god överensstämmelse med tidigare studier, noterades en del intressanta resultat. Främst av dessa var en tydlig tendens för högre totalt tryck i magnetosheath jämfört med magnetosfären i alla undersökta regioner, samt ett oväntat skifte av dominerande tryck i magnetosfären från magnetiskt tryck vid subsolar point till termiskt tryck vid flankerna. Fortsatta studier för att bekräfta dessa resultat bör genomföras. Gällande magnetopaushastighet kopplat till tryckskillnad kunde ingen klar koppling ses från resultaten.

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Chuanliang, Xie. "Finite Element Analysis of PZT-based Air Flow Sensor." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för elektronikkonstruktion, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-32801.

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This thesis proposes a novel air flow sensor based on PZT material which is used to measure air velocity in an experimental tunnel or indoor ventilation. The work focuses on designing and verifying the sensor model through finite element analysis (FEA) simulation using COMSOL Multiphysics software. This thesis is devoted to developing a sensor model with a focus on a low-velocity range up to 2 m/s and high sensitivity. The design of the sensor should be robust and reliable for different flow patterns, temperature, and atmospheric pressure variation. The sensor model consists of a fixed cylinder which connects with a bilayer cantilever made of PZT and PDMS material. The laminar flow from the sensor inlet is transformed into the turbulent flow when passing by the fixed cylinder. This structure of bilayer cantilever is designed to generate self-induced oscillation on PZT to overcome the charge leakage over the sensor impedance. Resonance optimization of the sensor structure is investigated to obtain better SNR and performance by adjusting the dimension of the cantilever. From the conducted simulation results, the relationship between the dominant frequency of output voltage generated by PZT and air velocity can be described linearly. In conclusion, it is shown that proposed sensor has a sensitivity of 0.1 m/s and a range of 0.2 to 2 m/s.

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Andersson, Claes. "Predictive Model for Traffic Control in Underground Mines." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för system- och rymdteknik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-75964.

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Due to the nature of tunnels, a driver in an underground mine may find themselves driving without much vision of the road up ahead. The tunnels usually allow for traffic in both directions but are often only wide enough for a single vehicle. To let vehicles pass each other meeting slots have been carved into the tunnel walls, where one can park while the other passes. Because of the limited vision, however, it is unlikely that a meeting with another vehicle will occur directly next to such a meeting slot. Instead, one of the vehicles must reverse to the closest meeting slot in order to let the other pass. This makes mine tunnels a very inhospitable driving environment, causing disruptions to traffic flow throughout the mine. Unfortunately, typical traffic management or scheduling solutions are not useful, as real-time positioning for the vehicles is often poor while network connectivity cannot be guaranteed in the mine environment. This thesis presents a solution which will avoid situations where a driver needs to back up, and instead present meeting slots in which to park ahead of time. This is done by calculating velocity probability distributions for road segments from historical data and using these to estimate arrival times to meeting slots. In addition, a more comprehensive solution is presented, taking into account the accuracy of positioning, outdated information due to poor connections and more complicated scenarios. The results show that estimating arrival times using only historical data is a very feasible technology, which can realistically be implemented today. Such an implementation could, in the author's opinion, improve driver safety and efficiency significantly, compared to a driver having no information or simply knowing rough positions of nearby vehicles. This being said, there are still steps that can be taken to improve the solution and to develop a more comprehensive system overall.

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Jones, Louis G. "The Sustainability of Lean Manufacturing as a Competitive Advantage." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2013. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3732.

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Since the early 1990s lean manufacturing has been employed by companies looking to reduce costs, increase efficiencies and improve quality. Academic studies of the financial benefits of lean manufacturing are mixed in their results, where some show benefit and others do not. The objective of the current work was to confirm a financial benefit of lean manufacturing, while also establishing whether such a financial advantage was sustainable. Financial data was collected for a large number of companies in the manufacturing sector, over the period from 1990 to 2010. The data were used to show correlation between inventory turns and return on assets (ROA), where turns were a measure of the leanness of a firm or an industry. A positive correlation between turns and ROA showed evidence of financial benefit from lean implementation, confirming previous results from a smaller-scale study. It was then shown that about 45% of firms studied had a competitive advantage that could be attributed to their level of leanness. Firms with a competitive advantage were compared to peer companies and it was found that about 60% are able to sustain their competitive advantage for more than 10 years.

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Koroglu, Muhammed Taha. "Multiple Hypothesis Testing Approach to Pedestrian Inertial Navigation with Non-recursive Bayesian Map-matching." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1577135195323298.

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Cavallini, Alessandro Giorgio. "Lean Six Sigma as a Source of Competitive Advantage." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2008. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd2656.pdf.

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Williams, Ryan Scott. "Lean Manufacturing as a Source of Competitive Advantage." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2010. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2333.

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The productivity advances generated from lean manufacturing are self-evident. Plants that adopt lean are more capable of achieving high levels of quality, shorter lead times, and less waste in the system. While it seems logical that higher levels of productivity and quality, as is common in lean companies, should result in positive financial performance, the research community has failed to establish the financial profitability of lean. Those researchers who have studied the financial returns issue report varying results. The goal of this research was to determine if a connection exists between lean and financial success and to discover why so many researchers are finding mixed results. Information Velocity (IV) was theorized to provide the solidifying link between lean and financial performance. Measured by combining the environmental volatility with a company's leanness, IV measures how fast a company can transmit information from the market into a customer-satisfying product in the hands of the consumer. This study analyzed over 530 publicly-traded manufacturing companies to validate the following hypotheses: 1) there is a positive relationship between leanness and financial returns, 2) there is a negative relationship between environmental volatility and financial returns, and 3) there is a positive relationship between IV and financial returns. Regression models were run in various combinations to determine the effect of lean, environmental instability, environmental unpredictability, and IV on financial performance indicators such as return on sales (ROS), return on assets (ROA), and quarter-closing stock price. The outcome of this study showed that financial rewards do result from lean, which positively affected financial performance in almost all scenarios. Environmental instability always negatively correlated with financial returns, and IV mostly shows a positive effect, but with mixed results. Lastly, IV does not explain why researchers find mixed results on the profitability measures of lean. The results of this thesis highlight the significance of implementing lean manufacturing, especially in a dynamic environment. As the instability in the environment increases, profitability decreases. Therefore, an increase in leanness by boosting inventory turns can compensate for the volatility and create enhanced productivity measures and financial results.

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Terneux, Efrén Andrés Estrella. "Design of an Algorithm for Aircraft Detection and Tracking with a Multi-coordinate VAUDEO System." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för tillämpad signalbehandling, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-2633.

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The combination of a video camera with an acoustic vector sensor (AVS) opens new possibilities in environment awareness applications. The goal of this thesis is the design of an algorithm for detection and tracking of low-flying aircraft using a multi-coordinate VAUDEO system. A commercial webcam placed in line with an AVS in a ground array are used to record real low-flying aircraft data at Teuge international airport. Each frame, the algorithm analyzes a matrix of three orthogonal acoustic particle velocity signals and one acoustic pressure signal using the Singular Value Decomposition to estimate the Direction of Arrival, DoA of propeller aircraft sound. The DoA data is then applied to a Kalman filter and its output is used later on to narrow the region of video frame processed. Background subtraction is applied followed by a Gaussian-weighted intensity mask to assign high priority to moving objects which are closer to the sound source estimated position. The output is applied to another Kalman filter to improve the accuracy of the aircraft location estimation. The performance evaluation of the algorithm proved that it is comparable to the performances of state-of-the-art video alone based algorithms. In conclusion, the combination of video and directional audio increases the accuracy of propeller aircraft detection and tracking comparing to reported previous work using audio alone.
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Gustafsson, Therése. "JavaScripts animationer för en interaktiv lärplattform : En jämförelse av 2D animationer med JavaScriptsbiblioteken jQuery, VelocityJS och AnimeJS." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för informationsteknologi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-17072.

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Allt eftersom undervisningsmaterialet utökas med nytt och reviderat material behöver lärarna hjälpa sina studenter att bli motiverade till att lära sig materialet. Genom att använda interaktiva verktyg blir undervisningen mer intressant och gör det enklare att visa komplext material i undervisningen. JavaScript är det mest använda programmeringsspråket på internet och användas för att skapa dynamiska webbsidor. Animationer är en sekvens av bilder som får ett objekt att röra på sig. Denna studies resultat visar på att AnimeJS är det JavaScriptsbibliotek med minst signifikanta skillnader i datan som har utvunnits från mätningar. Studien visar även att JavaScriptsbiblioteken blir påverkade av vilken webbläsare som används, både för att hålla sin fördefinierade animationslängd och för webbläsaren att exekvera animationens funktionen snabbare.

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HSIEH, MIN-FENG, and 謝旻峰. "A Human Motion Classification Method Using Velocity and Shape Information." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/z89ttd.

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碩士
國立臺灣科技大學
資訊工程系
95
In recent years, the researchers in the field of computer vision have devoted considerable efforts to visual surveillance systems. Motion classification is part of a visual surveillance system. In this thesis, we propose a human motion classification method that classifies three different kinds of human motion. We divide each sequence as several segments that are regarded as a process unit. For each process unit, we collect both the velocity and shape information of a moving object. We use velocity moment to represent the velocity of moving object, and we take account of three-direction velocity: x, y, and x-y directions. As for the shape, we use an accumulation table to code such information. We first use the Canny edge detector to calculate the edge information. We then put it into the accumulation table. In addition, the accumulation table can adjust its size for the requirement. The motion classification employs an AdaBoost algorithm which is excellent in facilitating the speed of convergence during the training. Hence, it is conducive to update new information and add new kinds of motion. The experimental result reveals that our classification method has good results from using both velocity and shape information.

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Puga, Hélio Manuel Silva. "Velocity Estimation for Autonomous Underwater Vehicles using Vision-Based Systems." Dissertação, 2018. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/114089.

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In this dissertation, it is presented a study of a system architecture capable of calculating the linear and angular velocity of an autonomous underwater vehicle, AUV, in real-time, suitable to be used in the control loop of an AUV. The velocity is estimated using computer vision algorithms, optical flow and block matching, keeping in mind the movement characteristics of autonomous underwater vehicles, i.e. maximum velocity and acceleration, regarding these systems as having a slow dynamic. Considering that these computer vision technics are computing intensive tasks, and are not compatible with real-time systems when implemented in microcomputers, this problem is solved through the study of a possible implementation of these technics in a field programmable gate array, FPGA, and microcomputers. The computer vision algorithms studied, for optical flow computation, were Horn-Schunck, Lucas and Kanade, and it's different variations and optimizations, and more simple algorithms as block matching.

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Puga, Hélio Manuel Silva. "Velocity Estimation for Autonomous Underwater Vehicles using Vision-Based Systems." Master's thesis, 2018. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/114089.

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In this dissertation, it is presented a study of a system architecture capable of calculating the linear and angular velocity of an autonomous underwater vehicle, AUV, in real-time, suitable to be used in the control loop of an AUV. The velocity is estimated using computer vision algorithms, optical flow and block matching, keeping in mind the movement characteristics of autonomous underwater vehicles, i.e. maximum velocity and acceleration, regarding these systems as having a slow dynamic. Considering that these computer vision technics are computing intensive tasks, and are not compatible with real-time systems when implemented in microcomputers, this problem is solved through the study of a possible implementation of these technics in a field programmable gate array, FPGA, and microcomputers. The computer vision algorithms studied, for optical flow computation, were Horn-Schunck, Lucas and Kanade, and it's different variations and optimizations, and more simple algorithms as block matching.

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22

Zhu, Yunhui. "Theory and Application of SBS-based Group Velocity Manipulation in Optical Fibers." Diss., 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10161/8236.

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All-optical devices have attracted many research interests due to their ultimately low heat dissipation compared to conventional devices based on electric-optical conversion. With recent advances in nonlinear optics, it is now possible to design the optical properties of a medium via all-optical nonlinear effects in a table-top device or even on a chip.

In this thesis, I realize all-optical control of the optical group velocity using the nonlinear process of stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) in optical fibers. The SBS-based techniques generally require very low pump power and offer a wide transparent window and a large tunable range. Moreover, my invention of the arbitrary SBS resonance tailoring technique enables engineering of the optical properties to optimize desired function performance,

which has made the SBS techniques particularly widely adapted for

various applications.

I demonstrate theoretically and experimentally how the all-optical

control of group velocity is achieved using SBS in optical fibers.

Particularly, I demonstrate that the frequency dependence of the

wavevector experienced by the signal beam can be tailored using

multi-line and broadband pump beams in the SBS process. Based on the theoretical framework, I engineer the spectral profile

to achieve two different application goals: a uniform low group velocity (slow light) within a broadband spectrum, and a group velocity with a linear dependence on the frequency detuning (group velocity dispersion or GVD).

In the broadband SBS slow light experiment, I develop a novel noise current modulation method that arbitrarily tailors the spectrum of a diode laser. Applying this method, I obtain a 5-GHz broadband SBS gain with optimized flat-topped profile, in comparison to the ~40 MHz natural linewidth of the SBS resonance. Based on the broadband SBS resonance, I build a 5-GHz optical buffer and use this optical buffer to delay a return-to-zero data sequence of rate 2.5 GHz (pulse width 200 ps). The fast noise modulation method significantly stabilizes the SBS gain and improves the signal fidelity. I obtain a tunable delay up to one pulse-width with a peak signal-to-noise ratio of 7. I also find that SBS slow light performance can be improved by avoiding competing nonlinear effects. A gain-bandwidth product of 344 dB.GHz is obtained in our system with a highly-nonlinear optical fiber.

Besides the slow light applications, I realize that group velocity dispersion is also optically controlled via the SBS process. In the very recent GVD experiment, I use a dual-line SBS resonance and obtain a tunable GVD parameter of 7.5 ns$^2$/m, which is 10$^9$ times larger than the value found in a single-mode fiber. The large GVD system is used to disperse an optical pulse with a pulse width of 28 ns, which is beyond the capability for current dispersion techniques working in the picosecond and sub picosecond region. The SBS-based all-optical control of GVD is also widely tunable and can

be applied to any wavelength within the transparent window of the

optical fiber. I expect many future extensions following this work

on the SBS-based all-optical GVD control using the readily developed SBS tailoring techniques.

Finally, I extend the basic theory of backwards SBS to describe the forward SBS observed in a highly nonlinear fiber, where asymmetric forward SBS resonances are observed at the gigahertz range. An especially large gain coefficient of 34.7 W$^{-1}$ is observed at the resonance frequency of 933.8 MHz. This is due to good overlap between the optical wave and the high order guided radial acoustic wave. The interplay from the competing process known as the Kerr effect is also accounted for in the theory.

Dissertation

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Chen, Ming-Yao, and 陳明瑤. "A Study on Information Hiding in Standard MIDI Files Based on Modifications of Delta Time and Velocity Values." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/76bhws.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Information velocity'

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