Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Informatique cognitive'
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Houard, Olivier. "Les interactions aptitude-traitement dans des tâches procédurales assistées par un document multimédia." Rouen, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ROUEL018.
Full textThe present work is rooted in a double perspective of psychology and ergonomics and focus on the analysis of an assembly task assisted by a digital and multimedia procedural document. By positioning ourselves in the aptitude-treatment interactions theory, we address the issue of differential effects of presentation formats of the document according to users' cognitive skills. Three studies were conducted. The first one has a dual purpose: (a) identify the structure of the task by examining the functional relationships between information and action taken, according to two presentation formats of the document, (b) examine differences between individuals identifying "behavioural profiles" and analyzing their sensitivity to cognitive skills. The second one focuses on the granularity of information to be presented to users and on making a dynamic presentation of information by examining the possible effect of remediation of (a) a micro-segmented information among low spatial ability users, (b) a device for rotating the goal-image among low mental rotation users. The third one explores the individual cognitive functioning by "tracking" information processing strategies (global, analytic and synthetic), depending on the presence or absence of an additional information display device: the "pop-up". We target the intra-individual variability (amplitude and shape) strategies and investigate the explanatory power of skills on this variability
Lhommet, Margaux. "Replicants : humains virtuels cognitifs, émotionnels et sociaux : de l'empathie cognitive à l'empathie affective." Compiègne, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012COMP2031.
Full textVirtual humans are more and more common in virtual environments such as simulations, training softwares, serious-games or video games. Affective computing aims at giving those artificial characters emotional capabilities. We aim at generating virtual humans whose behavior is coherent, adaptative and explainable. We define coherence as the adequacy between the situation, the virtual human’s mental state and her behavior. Adaptability is the capacity to adapt to new knowledge an reason about it. This knowledge may be specified by people without computer programming skills and therefore be incomplete. Finally, the virtual human’s behavior must be explainable in order for the learner to understand the impact of her actions. Using models from psychology that explicitly address the components and their dynamics, our virtual human model is given a personality, an emotional state and is linked to others via social relationships. In order to ensure the adaptability of our virtual human, she is given a set of domain-independent processes to take care of the dynamics of those human components and their impact on behavior. Those processes are integrated on a cognitive architecture. Domain-dependent knowledge such as entities, actions and activities are designed using a description language inspired by ergonomy methodology. This formalism is simple enough to be used without any computer programming skill, and expressive enough to be directly used by the high-level processes of our virtual human. An affective empathy model based on individual characteristics is proposed to model affective relations between virtual humans. To generate such virtual humans, we propose REPLICANTS, a decisional artificial intelligence engine. Some examples are presented and show how the virtual human can combine her generic set of cognitive rules with domain specific knowledge in order to adapt to her environment as well as behaving rationally in pursuing goals
Chagnoux, Marie. "Temporalité et aspectualité dans les textes français : modélisation sémantico-cognitive et traitement informatique." Paris 4, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA040183.
Full textIn order to render how time and aspect are expressed in texts, it is necessary to consider texts as organized and hierarchised networks of segments. We propose a model of discursive analysis, based on the notion of referential, which make it possible to represent the structure of a text. This model, which may be translated into a graph, is used to identify the various aspectual and temporal values of verbal occurrences in French texts. We also propose a computational system, Chronotexte, which carries automatically the surface semantic analysis of texts by annotating them in an XML format. This system uses the contextual exploration strategy and associates heuristics to organized databases of linguistic markers. It identifies the various referentials, ascribes an aspectual and temporal value to propositions and defines some temporal relationships between these propositions
Chaignaud, Nathalie. "Etude cognitive et informatique de la résolution d'un problème : analyse, modélisation et implantation." Paris 13, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA132012.
Full textGiraud, Stéphanie. "L'accessibilité des interfaces informatiques riches pour les déficients visuels." Thesis, Nice, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014NICE2035/document.
Full textVisually impaired people face many difficulties when navigating on the web with a screen reader, especially as web interfaces become increasingly rich because of theirdynamic interactions and their informational density and diversity. This thesis compares two approaches to accessibility: the current approach called "exhaustive" which aims toensure normative accessibility - guaranteeing access to information through the application of standards - and the approach called "holistic" which aims to ensure bothnormative and effective accessibility - guaranteeing the usability of the interface - by taking into account the context of its use (difficulties, strategies, needs, etc.).The first 2 studies analysed the activity of visually impaired users resulted in a model of the web navigation of these users. This model allows for designing interfaces followingthe holistic approach by taking into account their needs, especially the filtering of irrelevant and redundant information. In 3 experiments, visually impaired users performedtasks in two versions of websites: a version based on the holistic approach that gives access directly to content associated with the user’s action and a version using theexhaustive approach that transcribes exhaustively all the information present on the screen. The results show substantial benefit provided by the holistic version as regards thecognitive load and the usability of the interface according to 3 criteria: effectiveness, efficiency and satisfaction. Thus, this thesis provides cogent arguments promoting theholistic approach in order to guide the design of interfaces and the development of assistance solutions for screen reader users
Uzan, Gérard. "Ergonomie cognitive du handicap visuel : une contribution à la conception d'aides informatiques." Paris 5, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA05S027.
Full textG. Uzan thesis deals with computer interfaces designed to allow blind people to perceive visual information by hearing it. A typical case is the computer screen translated by voice synthesis. Different visual impairments and their consequences in terms of handicap are first explained. Then, several experiments are carried out to analyze the interaction of the blind facing different hearing interfaces designed for reading texts, navigating on the Internet, or telephone mailing. A hearing system of traffic lights is also evaluated. The basic idea is that difficulties mainly result from the fact that such systems transpose visual information in an auditory mode, but mantain the genuine frame of the visual mode instead of shaping a structure proper to the auditory mode. A general model of interface, based on the concept of auxiliary co-operators, is developed and applied to a Macintosh patented system
Dinet, Jérôme. "La recherche documentaire informatisée à l'école : compréhension des difficultés des élèves et approche cognitive des processus de sélection des références." Poitiers, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002POIT5004.
Full textLegrand, Colette. "Informatique et handicap mental : contribution méthodologique à la mise en oeuvre et à l'évaluation d'une rééducation cognitive utilisant l'ordinateur." Compiègne, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990COMPD288.
Full textPauchet, Alexandre. "Modélisation cognitive d'interactions humaines dans un cadre de planification multi-agents." Paris 13, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA132017.
Full textDion, Alexandre. "Modélisation informatique des erreurs de nature cognitive impliquées lors de la réalisation d'activités de la vie quotidienne." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2007. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/4747.
Full textTo, Ba Lam. "Contrôle de puissance et routage dans les réseaux ad-hoc à radio cognitive." Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066294.
Full textA large number of wireless services have been introduced over the last decade to satisfy new demands of mobile users. However, the proliferation of wireless computing and communication devices make the radio spectrum overcrowded. It is revealed in the Federal Communication Commission report that many spectrum bands are used only in bounded geographical areas or over limited periods of time, and that the spectrum utilization varies from 15% to 85%. As a consequence, the Cognitive Radio Networks (CRNs) have been introduced as a new alternative wireless communication paradigm to utilize the radio spectrum more efficiently. In this dissertation, we investigate the power control and routing perspectives to enhance the network performance and power utilization in CRN. First, aiming to enhance the network performance by deploying a proper network topology for a particular communication purpose, we propose a topology deployment oriented power control scheme for cognitive radio ad-hoc network. Second, to tackle the problem of the frequent arrival and leaving of primary users which can lead to the heavy traffic overhead caused by re-routing, we propose a new approach for joint flow maintenance and power control, called flow-based power control, for cognitive radio ad-hoc network. The power control scheme targets on to utilize the power resource more efficiently by only allocating power resource to the maintained flows. Finally, we propose an application-oriented routing protocol (AORP) in cognitive radio ad-hoc network. AORP builds the route for data transmission in combination with channel selection based on the application of the node initializing the data transmission
Lhermenier-Marinho, Isabelle. "Impact de l'utilisation de l'ordinateur sur les activités cognitives et l'adaptation chez l'enfant d’âge scolaire." Paris 10, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA100005.
Full textAfter surveying literature about computer introducing at school, insisting on programming activities, we present our research, works about the use of logo language by ten to eleven - year - old children. In our first piece of research we study, the impact of logo using on some cognitive processes and school results. Pretest and posttest measures are carried out with a logo group and a control group. In our second piece of research, we study the strategies adopted by children using logo language according to a cognitive style, to field dependence and field independence, and according to sex. Several problems are proposed to display the children's mastery and understanding of structures. Logo language proves to be a rich, heterogeneous and complex learning device, which ennobles every one to progress and acquire knowledge our hypothesis about the transfer of stills learned in computer programming seems to be justified. Educational computer programming is useful because it promotes experimental vu of learning in which the construction process is more important than the results you get, in which profile are significant for the learner and for the observer
Pasquier, Philippe. "Aspects cognitifs des dialogues entre agents artificiels : l'approche par la cohérence cognitive." Phd thesis, Université Laval, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00102488.
Full textGuerra, Hernandez Alejandro. "Apprentissage d'agents rationnels BDI dans un univers multi-agents." Paris 13, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA132020.
Full textThe goal of this thesis is to study the issue of rational BDI learning agents, situated in a multi-agent system. A rational agent can be defined as a cognitive entity endowed with intentional attitudes, e. G. , beliefs, desires, and intentions (BDI). First, we study the concepts of agency and practical reasoning, allowing agents to induce from their intentional attitudes, a behavior identified as rational. These concepts are formalized using a multi-modal BDI logic, enabling us to specify and develop a BDI architecture implemented in Lisp. The architecture is fully operational, it allows the execution of multiple BDI agents in a multi-agent system and it improves the epistemic reasoning of each agent introducing first-order theorem proving competences. Then, we study the problem of learning in the agency context and we propose a hierarchy of learning situations based on the awareness of agents about the presence of other agents in the multi-agent system. We use the first-order induction of logical decision trees to enable our BDI agents to learn the "reasons" they have to form an intention. These reasons correspond in the architecture to the trigger conditions of the plans of the agent. This learning method is included in the architecture proposed, allowing BDI agents to learn from their own experience, as if they were isolated (first level of the hierarchy proposed), and communicating with other agents in the Multi-agent System, to profit in this way of the experience of others
Mathet, Yann. "Etude de l'expression en langue de l'espace et du deplacement : analyse linguistique, modelisation cognitive et leur experimentation informatique." Caen, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000CAEN2066.
Full textChallal, Yacine. "Sécurité de l'Internet des Objets : vers une approche cognitive et systémique." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00866052.
Full textTatsos, Patrice Rousseaux Francis. "Utilisation d'une ontologie différentielle pour l'élaboration de licences d'exploitation de contenus numériques : du formalisme à la transparence cognitive." Reims : S.C.D. de l'Université, 2007. http://scdurca.univ-reims.fr/exl-doc/GED00000732.pdf.
Full textMezghani, Emna. "Towards Autonomic and Cognitive IoT Systems, Application to Patients’ Treatments Management." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ISAT0016/document.
Full textIn this thesis, we propose a collaborative model driven methodology for designing Autonomic Cognitive IoT systems to deal with IoT design complexity. We defined within this methodology a set of autonomic cognitive design patterns that aim at (1) delineating the dynamic coordination of the autonomic processes to deal with the system's context changeability and requirements evolution at run-time, and (2) adding cognitive abilities to IoT systems to understand big data and generate new insights. To address challenges related to big data and scalability, we propose a generic semantic big data platform that aims at integrating heterogeneous distributed data sources deployed on the cloud and generating knowledge that will be exposed as a service (Knowledge as a Service--KaaS). As an application of the proposed contributions, we instantiated and combined a set of patterns for the development of prescriptive cognitive system for the patient treatment management. Thus, we elaborated two ontological models describing the wearable devices and the patient context as well as the medical knowledge for decision-making. The proposed system is evaluated from the clinical prescriptive through collaborating with medical experts, and from the performance perspective through deploying the system within the KaaS following different configurations
Dupont, Michel. "Une approche cognitive du calcul de le référence." Caen, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003CAEN2084.
Full textBailly, Florence. "Les pratiques professionnelles des écrits électroniques entre technologie cognitive et technologie de communication." Rouen, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ROUEL409.
Full textAfter having been pressed into clay, inscribed on papyrus and printed on paper writing, which dates back to about 3000 B. C. Has now found a new medium thanks to computer technology. The study of usages by staffs in tertiary industries leads to a dual approach. On one hand what is generally known as cognitive technology deals with the impact of electronic writing on the mechanics of learning and thinking, interacting with the development of professional knowledge. On the other hand communication technology deals with temporal and spatial issues, directly interacting with work environment
Minier, Josselin. "Fragmentation cognitive/informatique de la musique populaire amplifiée : construction d'un système numérique dirigé par une notion de simulacre cinétique." Paris 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA010678.
Full textAbraham, Maryvonne. "Contribution méthodologique à la constitution d'un dictionnaire informatique des verbes : analyse sémantico-cognitive des verbes de mouvement et d'áctivité." Paris, EHESS, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995EHES0012.
Full textThis thesis is a methodological contribution which aims at the building of a dictionnary of french verbs for automatic processing of language. The thesis explores the verbal unit : where it is locatedn how to describe it, and if it is justifiable to focus on an intrinsic semantics. After having given the theoritical elements to build such a unit, we analyse the lexicon of verbs, examining their behaviour in the language, in order to know what the formalims brings to the fore, and if the results are able to improve our knowledge about language behaviour. This thesis is nested in the applicative and cognitive grammar program, which aims to insttall a coherent general metalinguistic system ending up with a real automatic formal calculus, by stretching a theory of language invariants made of operators and operands. The semantico-cognitive schemes (scs) build a formal representation structure of each meaning of a verb. The power of this formalism to represent the lexical semantics is tested on a corpus of french verbs of motion, in order to : i) evaluate the part of semantics which lies in a lexical verb, ii) representthe verbal polysemy; iii) operate from this formalism, the same inferences as those we make in the language; iv) give a model which links in cognition the verbalised knowledge to pictures; v) give some arguments to the localism theory reformulated at a cognitive level
Mompelat, Rodrigue. "La problématique sémantique et cognitive de la métaphore : littéralité, traduction, catégorisations, étude cognitive polymorphe (linguistico-computationnelle, logique mathématique, philosophique, cybernétique et biologique) de métaphores de la terminologie informatique UNIX." Paris, EHESS, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001EHES0003.
Full textGaillard, François. "Approche cognitive pour la planification de trajectoire sous contraintes." Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00839372.
Full textEl, Ahmar Yosser. "Améliorer l'efficacité cognitive des diagrammes UML : Application de la Sémiologie Graphique." Thesis, Lille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL1I084.
Full textUML is a visual modeling language for specifying, constructing, and documenting software intensive systems. UML diagrams play a central role in the whole software engineering process, starting from early analysis, through implementation, to maintenance. One of the main weaknesses of UML, pointed out by surveys of UML use in industry, is the difficulty to express the context of a particular diagram or to enrich it to enhance its communication value. In fact, UML does not specify effective ways to express contextual information (e.g., project management indicators, quality indicators). To express this kind of information in a particular visual language, the Cognitive Dimensions framework proposes to use its secondary notation: the visual variables that are not used by the language. Unfortunately, in UML, this secondary notation is not controlled. The first contribution of this thesis showed - via an empirical study - that this results in a big variety of usages of these visual variables and mostly, in not effective ways. It also showed that UML practitioners acknowledge the importance of the secondary notation in their practice while confirming their lack of knowledge about the associated effective practices. In this thesis, we refer to the Semiology of Graphics (SoG) in order to target an optimal use of the UML secondary notation. The framework SoG-UML is the result of our adaptation of the SoG to UML via 61 guidelines about the use of the visual variables in this language. We have realized a first experiment to validate a part of these guidelines. Finally, we propose Fliplayers and an interactive keys, two Papyrus plug-ins that respectively implement the layers mechanism and the construction of "effective" keys
Rehmani, Mubashir Husain. "Opportunistic Data Dissemination in Ad-Hoc Cognitive Radio Networks." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00630214.
Full textGonzales-Gomez, Marielle. "Représentation de connaissances approximatives et classification approchée d'instances dans un langage de schémas : le système CAIN." Aix-Marseille 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996AIX30001.
Full textMahatody, Thomas. "Spécification et conception d’un environnement d’aide à l’inspection des Systèmes Interactifs, basé sur la méthode Cognitive Walkthrough." Valenciennes, 2010. http://ged.univ-valenciennes.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/acd7f7bf-f5fa-46cc-bb9c-2f35bf3f4b41.
Full textThis thesis is focused on the evaluation of interactive systems. It aims to contribute to the extension and equipment of the Cognitive Walkthrough method. This method is the subject of many studies and experiments worldwide. It has also undergone several modifications and extensions. Despite the interest in the method, its use poses many methodological and applicative problems. Firstly, this thesis describes the key elements related to human factors consideration in interactive system design and evaluation. Then, it proposes a state of the art on the evaluation of interactive systems based on the Cognitive Walkthrough method. Then the specification of an environment to support the inspection of interactive systems based on Cognitive Walkthrough is described. A mockup of an environment called CWE ("Cognitive Walkthrough Environment") is proposed; a first evaluation is exposed. A conclusion and perspectives end the thesis
Vacherand-Revel, Jacqueline Martin Robert. "Interaction cognitive et interface graphique le cas de la conception/réalisation de logiciels multimédias de formation /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1992. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/sdx/theses/lyon2/1992/vacherand-revel_j.
Full textFrezza-Buet, Hervé. "Un calcul cortical pour les systèmes situés." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Nancy II, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00652806.
Full textVacherand-Revel, Jacqueline. "Interaction cognitive et interface graphique : le cas de la conception/réalisation de logiciels multimédias de formation." Lyon 2, 1992. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/sdx/theses/lyon2/1992/vacherand-revel_j.
Full textWith the advent of micro-computers, computing underwent a major evolution which brought to the foreground the important problem of person-machine interaction. The interfaces developed, especially the graphical and spacial interfaces, created a whole new field for knowledge expression and an original space for users actions and interaction. Nevertheless, interacting with such interfaces raises specific question : can these interfaces sustain, even facilitate complex cognitive tasks not necessarily graphically oriented ? If so, what would be an appropriate modelling of this specific cognitive work that takes place when interacting in this different modalities? This problem was explored in the particular context of computer assisted learning (C. A. I) in adult training within a multimedia environnement field observations with a clinical approach took place during an ongoing interactive work situation, the main method consisting of verbal and non-verbal individual protocols. Analysis of the design-production activity of five experts in interaction resulted in circumscribing and exploring a specific cognitive space and in the proposal of a model of cognitive interaction, within the framework of a person-machine interaction, centered, not on the computer system, but on the user as subject
Fréard, Dominique. "Eléments pour la conception d’énoncés multimodaux en Dialogue Homme Machine : pourquoi l’unité d’analyse psychologique est l’Action et non l’Information." Rennes 2, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00472534/fr/.
Full textThis thesis aims to improve communication skills of Human Computer Dialogue systems through the analysis of system actions and their effects in dialogue. This problematic supposes the use of adapted conceptual tools for the analysis and is linked to the problem of individual human cognitive processing during communication. The theoretical part explores this applied problematic in an interdisciplinary context (between linguistics, engineering and psychology). This presentation allows opposing two different viewpoints in the experimental part: (1) pragmatic approach analyses the partners acts, following a socio-cognitive viewpoint and (2) cognitive approach analyses the information processing, focalized on the individual level. Five experiments (Wizard of Oz protocol) are presented. In the two firsts system was communicating in spoken mode (auditory utterances). These two experiments gave evidence for the utility and effects of help messages (procedural content) and syntax in auditory utterances. In the three last experiments, the system was using multimodal communication (audio-visual utterances). A categorization of information in three types has been introduced (‘echo’, ‘response’ and ‘opening’). A rule was proposed to attribute presentation modes (auditory and/or visual) in function of information types, in order to design innovative ‘presentation strategies’. These three experiments demonstrated the relevance of the analysis principles used to design presentation strategies. They showed type-mode relation importance to predict the effects of acts. Obtained results allow validating the pragmatic approach against the cognitive one. Implications of these results are discussed in the conclusion part, first for the design of system utterances in HCD and, secondly about theoretical consequences to consider
Tatsos, Patrice. "Utilisation d’une ontologie différentielle pour l’élaboration de licences d’exploitation de contenus numériques : du formalisme à la transparence cognitive." Reims, 2007. http://theses.univ-reims.fr/exl-doc/GED00000732.pdf.
Full textDigital Rigths Management (DRM) systems appear quite recently. They aim to use the rights expression languages (REL) to express and manage the rights of use for exchanging contents. Each DRM has his own REL. Unfortunatly, those differents languages are not interoperables,that is to say that the rightholders have to express for one content a license for each device (each device has his own DRM : PCuse Windows DRM, mobiles use OMA DRM, Ipod use Apple DRM…). To help rihgtholders to express liceses only once, we use a differential ontology to define a REL with is generic. This ontology of licenses is then used to translate the licences expressed by our REL into RELs. This thesis deals about the way to use the ontolgy (wich is a formal object) to generate licenses. We start from a formal structure to define a dynamic dialog with users. Using the semantics, and the differential ontology principles of the ontology, we infor and lead the user, so he can express his licence and translate it into the REL chose
Bornard, Jean-Charles. "Développement d'un modèle du conducteur automobile : De la modélisation cognitive à la simulation numérique." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00779706.
Full textSurcin, Sylvain. "Expression langagière ambigue͏̈ et modélisation cognitive symbolique." Paris 8, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA081587.
Full textSon, Hogeun. "Représentation sémantico-cognitive des verbes de "transfert" : une approche de la polysémie de verbes du coréen." Paris 4, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA040010.
Full textThis work of the verbal polysemy which joins in the theoretical frame of the Applicative and Cognitive Grammar suggests representing verbs of transfer of the Korean. Every polysemous meaning of a verb will be represented by a semantico-cognitive schema and integrated into a semantic network of the same verb. This work aims then at arguing the anti-anti-relativistic hypotheses, according to which every language builds its own cognitive representations by means of the schema which involves abstracted primitives. We took for object of analysis five verbs indicating the unidirectional transfer (juda ’to give’, batda ’to receive’, -tda ’to obtain’) or the bidirectional transfer (sada ’to buy’ and phalda ’to sell’), and a verb of perception (boda ’to see’) which overlaps partially with verbs of transfer. As result we bring out seven general types of the schemas which correspond to the various abstract scenes realized by the verbs of transfer, except for the auxiliary uses which are not homogeneous and thus do not come down to a generic shape
Ogandaga, Ghislain. "Stratégies cognitives dans la recherche des informations Internet." Paris 5, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA05H026.
Full textThe study of information retrieval on the Internet is associated with the theory that human being is a physical symbol system or a system of mental représentations manipulation. Applaying this point of view in the first two experiments, we get results that are in contradiction with the fondations of the internaliste approach handling mental représentations but are quite consistent with that found in the littérature: correlations between the time of the Internet tasks and cognitive skills are not high, the level of experience does not distinguish novices from experts. In a third experiment, we change perspective and adopt an interactive viewpoint based on the idea of a direct linkage between perception and action (situated cognition) and from the basic steps performed in seeking an information target. We get three types of strategies according to the respect or not of the implementation of thèse steps. Thèse strategies emrge here and now from the interaction between the user net and the hypertext space without going through a generation of mental representations neither a large mobilization of cognitive resources. This interactive approach has important implications for the design of websites
Lertsinsrubtavee, Adisorn. "Sélection et transfert de spectre adaptatifs dans les réseaux de radio cognitive." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066300.
Full textCognitive radio is proposed as a promising solution for the next generation of wireless communication networks. Cognitive radio users are required to perform spectrum handoff from a wireless channel to another in order to cope with the dynamic spectrum environment imposed by licensed users. Spectrum handoff can cause transmission interruptions leading to the degradation of services. We study and develop efficient spectrum management strategies that aim to provide diverse service requirements for cognitive radio users. First, we propose novel spectrum handoff and selection strategies in order to satisfy a delay requirement. In particular, we estimate the delay of arrival packets based on the prior packets in the queue and compare it to a maximum delay bound. Then, we use the expected delays to estimate a delay violation ratio that guides the spectrum handoff and selection decisions. Our strategies reduce the number of spectrum handoff significantly compared to existing approaches while the delay requirement is guaranteed. Second, we consider the rate requirement by investigating the interaction between spectrum handoff and spectrum sharing through an optimization framework. The results provide useful insights and guidelines for designing efficient spectrum sharing heuristics that take into account spectrum handoff and selection strategies. Finally, we develop a heuristic for spectrum sharing that includes novel static and dynamic spectrum sharing algorithms based essentially on a rate compensation approach and adapted best fit algorithms. Our heuristic reduces the number of handoffs significantly while the achieved rate is fulfilling compared to the optimal
Edward, Lydie. "Modélisation décisionnelle de personnages virtuels autonomes évoluant dans un environnement virtuel pour la prévention des risques sur les sites SEVESO." Compiègne, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011COMP1942.
Full textOur research deals with the design of a training system to support decision-making in the preparation and the management of maintenance interventions in high-risk industries namely SEVESO sites. The proposed system incorporates virtual reality and artificial intelligence to simulate virtual autonomous characters and their cognitive processes in dangerous working situations. It generates behaviour-based errors to support learning and risk prevention. It uses new mechanisms taking into account human factors with respect to cognitive modelling of human behaviour regarding risky situations. In the simulated environment the trainee can visualize the risks incurred during his work with the virtual agents. The emergent risks depend on the cognitive characteristics of the virtual operators and on the expertise of the trainee. We propose a multi-agent system to support the control of virtual operators represented by virtual cognitive agents. The difference with a classic MAS is that our cognitive agents are enriched with a planner for selecting actions according to goals, the environment and to the personal characteristics of the agents (time pressure, caution, tiredness, hunger)
Bussy, Antoine. "Approche cognitive pour la représentation de l'interaction proximale haptique entre un homme et un humanoïde." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01012112.
Full textPinet, Svetlana. "Exploration cognitive de l'écriture au clavier." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM3031/document.
Full textTyping has become a ubiquitous skill in our modern information societies. It constitutes an important language production modality and probably our preferred way to produce written language. Still its investigation is rather scarce. Understanding typing behavior pertains to several research domains such as language production, motor control and sequence programming. The aim of this thesis was to characterize linguistic and motor processing during typing. The methodology combined fine grained behavioral and electroencephalography (EEG) investigations.The first study aimed to assess the importance of linguistic processes during typing. It revealed a composite pattern of effects on response latencies, inter-keystroke intervals and accuracy rates. The second study assessed the reliability of an online platform to perform large-scale studies of typing skills. Then, three EEG studies aimed to characterize motor planning during typing and their putative interaction with linguistic processing. While linguistic processing was harder to trace with EEG, all three studies revealed a reliable pattern over motor cortices prior to the striking of the first keystroke of a word, interpreted as an index of motor preparation. The manipulation of effectors engaged in sequence production revealed versatile inhibitory processes dependent on the content of the sequence. The results are discussed in terms of linguistic and motor processes and their putative interactions during typed language production, contributing to the popular debate about information processing in cognitive science. This work provides novel data that pave the way to promising future investigations of typing
Godard, Loïg. "Modèle de gestion hiérarchique distribuée pour la reconfiguration et la prise de décision dans les équipements de radio cognitive." Rennes 1, 2008. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00355352.
Full textThis work focuses on the implementation of a management architecture for cognitive radio equipment for applications in the field of radiocommunications. The architecture is named HDCRAM (Hierarchical and Distributed Cognitive Radio Architecture Management). HDCRAM is hierarchically distributed in the equipment to take into account heterogeneity of execution platforms. Thanks to a precise management for both reconfiguration and decision-making leading to a reconfiguration of all or part of the system. Through the use of UML language, for high level of abstraction modeling, we define a platform independent model of HDCRAM which offers an extended opportunity in terms of reusability and modularity. The choice to use an executable metamodeling language as Kermeta for HDCRAM allows describing both structural and behavioral part of our architecture and gives the opportunity to make functional simulation
Ros, Virginie. "Du tutorat à la zone de maturation virtuelle : une nouvelle approche de modélisation et d'extraction des connaissances." Amiens, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AMIEA003.
Full textBobillier-Chaumon, Marc-Éric. "Les transferts d'apprentissage dans le cadre des transferts technologiques informatiques : le cas du maquettage en conception informatique." Metz, 1999. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1999/Bobillier_Chaumon.Marc_Eric.LMZ9904.pdf.
Full textThe goal of this research was to investigate, in the actual situation of designing a software prototype, the transfer of competencies in software designers who are confronted with the rapid technological advances of their working environments. In particular, we investigated the transfer of knowledge from a tool of procedural programming on a mainframe environment (Pacbase) to a new graphical design tool using a network and a workstation (NSDK). The procedure is determining the average mental model of three classes of software designers (those who are expert in Pacbase, those who are expert in NSDK, and the beginners in NSDK who had prior knowledge of Pacbase) and in comparing the performances of these groups. Based on general framework theories about schema, mental models, and analogical reasoning, we developed a psycho-cognitif analysis model : (i) to determine the reasoning patterns of each group, (ii) to diagnose and explain the type of errors made by beginners, (iii) to propose recommendations aimed at improving the technological transfer. This model of analysis allowed us to classify the mental models of the software designers according to four conceptual levels : (i) the organization of their activity (action model), (ii) the different strategies used in problem solving (problem solving model), (iii) the types of human-machine interaction (interaction model), and (iv) the knowledge necessary to build the prototype (reference model). Quantitative and qualitative data obtained both from observations and from the detailed analysis of the individual protocols indicated that the problems met by beginners to conceive the prototype and interact with the new environment are due essentially to the inadequacy between their previous competencies using a mainframe (applied by analogical reasoning to the new situation), and the new knowledge required to develop the prototype in the next programming environment. Besides this negative transfer, the old tool (Pacbase) is also to blame because it forces the software designers to adopt a strict and rigid mode of reasoning. So, the designers cannot adjust their reasoning to the new environment. An explanatory model of these cognitive disturbances has been developed. Finally, ergonomic recommendations are proposed to help the transition to a new technology
Cerda, Mauricio. "Calcul neuronal distribué pour la perception visuelle du mouvement." Phd thesis, Université Nancy II, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00642818.
Full textBerthelon, Franck. "Modélisation et détection des émotions à partir de données expressives et contextuelles." Phd thesis, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00917416.
Full textMancheva, Lyuba. "Modélisation cognitive computationnelle de la lecture de textes chez les enfants." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAS045/document.
Full textLearning to read requires the coordination of eye movements, attention, as well as lexical processing in order to achieve smooth reading. Contrary to what we perceive, the behavior of our eyes is very complex and depends on several factors linked to the properties of the language, the lexical knowledge, the reading skills and the goal of the task. The study of interindividual differences could help us to better understand the reading processes.The eye movement control during reading could be analyzed with statistical methods and with computational models which can simulate the reading processes spatially and temporally. In this work, we used both methods in order to better understand why we observe differences in the reading patterns between different groups of readers of different ages (adults vs children) and of the same age (poor and good readers). The observed changes between different groups could be explained by differences in the oculomotor development and/or by differences in lexical knowledge. One fundamental question is to understand the causes of these changes at the level of eye movement control.The crucial questions that we tried to investigate in this work are the following: what are the differences in terms of eye movements between different groups of reading age? Why do we observe these differences? What are the patterns of eye movements for different groups of poor and good readers of the same age? How can we simulate the observed patterns with computational modeling of reading?
Chanceaux, Myriam. "Modélisation cognitive computationnelle de trajets oculomoteurs lors d'une tâche de recherche d'information." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00430624.
Full textBuisine, Stéphanie. "Conception et évaluation d'agents conversationnels multimodaux bidirectionnels." Paris 5, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA05H008.
Full textThe goal of this PhD work is to investigate multimodal communication between conversational agents (virtual characters) and human users, with a focus on two modalities : speech and hand gesture. We examine the spontaneous multimodal behaviour that users display with agents in conversational and entertaining situations. We analyze the use of each modality, cooperation between them and the inter-individual differences related to users's age. Symmetrically, we evaluate several multimodal strategies of agents in pedagogical context : we show that these strategies are likely to influence users' memorization as well as their subjective impressions. We finally hypothesize that users's multimodal behaviour can be used to evaluate agents' behaviour. We thus draw some perspectives of new evaluation methods
Morales-Rodríguez, Maria Lucila. "Modèle d'interaction sociale pour des agents conversationnels animés : Application à la rééducation de patients cérébro-lésés." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00660114.
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