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1
F., Ibitoye O., Adamolekun M. M., Adamolekun P. A., and Amuwa T. "Women’s perception on rights during pregnancy and childbirth." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 8, no. 7 (2019): 2652. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20193020.
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Background: The Nigerian health system as a whole has been plagued by problems associated with the quality of service, including but not limited to unfriendly staff attitudes to patients, inadequate skills, decaying infrastructures, and chronic shortages of essential drugs. Approximately two-thirds of all Nigerian women deliver outside of health facilities and without the presence of medically skilled attendants. The study was carried out to assess the awareness and knowledge of women regarding their rights during pregnancy and childbirth, and to explore the extent to which women’s rights were respected during pregnancy and childbirth.Methods: This descriptive study was conducted among randomly selected 140 women at Mother and Child Hospital, Akure, Ondo state, Nigeria. Data was collected with a pretested questionnaire and was analysed using Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.Results: Findings revealed that majority (76.9%) of the women had a fair knowledge of their rights in pregnancy and childbirth, with the source of knowledge majorly from their friends. Right to information, informed consent and refusal, even distribution of healthcare services, maintenance of attainable level of health regarding proper monitoring were fairly observed by the health care providers. Right of women against verbal and physical abuse, privacy, treatment with dignity and respect were least accorded to women.Conclusions: Respective Maternity Care remains a challenge that demands policy interventions in most public health facilities to enhance positive endorsement and utilisation of maternal and health care services.
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Edward, Ezedike, and Chrisantus Kanayochukwu Ariche. "Ethical issues in traditional herbal medical practice in Nigeria." International Journal of Humanities and Innovation (IJHI) 2, no. 4 (2019): 129–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.33750/ijhi.v2i4.55.
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There is increased use and popularity of herbal medicine in Nigeria in recent times. Scholars from different fields have attributed this recent upsurge to economic issues, high cost of modern medical care, loss of confidence in synthetic drugs, resistant of diseases to some modern drugs and easy accessibility of herbal medicines and its practitioners, amongst others. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), a large portion of the world’s population patronizes traditional herbal medicines. However, there is perceived neglect of the core principles of health care ethics by the practitioners and marketers of traditional herbal medicine in Nigeria. This is worrisome. In this connection, this paper argues that Nigerians will benefit immensely from traditional herbal medicine if its practitioners and marketers observe and respect these core principles of health care which includes the principles of beneficence, non-maleficence, autonomy, informed consent, justice, and truthfulness. This study is purely qualitative and adopts a textual critical analytic method.
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Animasahun, Victor Jide, Oluwafolahan O. Sholeye, and Bankole K. Oyewole. "Transactional Sex Among Women Accessing Antiretroviral Care in Sagamu, Nigeria: A Descriptive Survey." International Quarterly of Community Health Education 39, no. 4 (2018): 225–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0272684x18821303.
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HIV prevalence and transmission is still of public health concern in low-resource climes like Nigeria. Transactional sex is a well-known risk factor for HIV transmission. This study therefore assessed the prevalence of transactional sex and associated factors among women attending the antiretroviral clinic in Sagamu, Nigeria. A cross-sectional study was carried out among 204 women attending antiretroviral treatment center in Sagamu, Ogun State, Nigeria, selected via total population recruitment. Data were collected using a validated, semistructured questionnaire. Respondents’ written informed consent was obtained. The mean age of respondents was 38.3 ± 9.0 years. Two thirds (66%) were in monogamous marriages. About two thirds (64.2%) had at least secondary education. Almost 50% spent more than half of their income on food. About 90% had commenced antiretroviral therapy. The prevalence of transactional sex was 7.4%. Household size ( p = .031), marital status ( p = .015), reduction of food ration ( p = .010), skipping of medication ( p = .001), and starving for a whole day ( p = .044) were associated with transactional sex. Food assistance programs, socioeconomic empowerment schemes, and targeted counseling should be given to people living with HIV to halt HIV transmission.
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Alaofin, Omotayo S., and Kantharuben Naidoo. "Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Malaria Co-Infection among Adults in the North-Central Zone of Nigeria, in the era of Improved access to Prevention and Control: A Study Protocol." Global Journal of Health Science 12, no. 1 (2019): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v12n1p18.
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Background: Despite a notable reduction in the incidence and prevalence of HIV and malaria, both diseases remain the leading cause of morbidity and mortality, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. The aim of the research study is to provide epidemiological data of malaria among HIV positive individuals, establish the socio-economic determinants associated with HIV-malaria co-infection, and develop a co-infection intervention model. This research study will enable health policymakers to develop new health policies in the management and care of HIV-malaria co-infected patients. 
 
 Methods and Analysis: The study design will be a retrospective, descriptive cross-sectional study. Case files of HIV positive individuals receiving care and treatment will be randomly selected at six selected peri-urban secondary hospitals. Interviews will be conducted among HIV positive patients, health managers, and doctors at selected hospitals. A mixed method (quantitative and qualitative) will be adopted in the research study. Proportional allocation will be used to select an estimated 1,652 case files of registered patients to be reviewed across the study location.
 
 Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 25.0 will be used for data analysis. The categorical variable will be illustrated as a percentage and compared using Chi-square and Fisher’s exact test. Backward multivariate analysis will be used to evaluate HIV-malaria co-infection and associated health outcomes. The continuous variables will be summarised as mean, ± SD or median, interquartile range, and compared using student t-test or Wilcoxon test. Values of P < 0.05 will be considered significant. Qualitative data will be analysed using NVivo 12 software. 
 
 Strengths and Limitations of This Study
 
 Strengths
 
 
 The proposed large sample size of case files to be reviewed will enhance the validity and precision of the research study. 
 
 
 Limitations
 
 
 Data that will be generated might not be adequate to make a generalized conclusion for the whole country.  
  
 
 
 Q= Quarter.
 
 Since the study involves the use of secondary data (generated from patient case files), missing data is anticipated.
 
  
 
 
 Strike actions by health care workers were also expected. 
 Another limitation is that the research study will not be conducted as a prospective cohort study. 
 
 
 Ethics and Dissemination 
 
 Considering the research study involves the use of secondary data, the ethical approval issued to conduct the study covers the informed consent of the participants’ information. Copies of written informed consent, participant consent, and confidentiality forms will be provided to the participants both in English and in the native language, notably Hausa, TIV, and Yoruba. Verbal informed and signed informed consent to take part in the study will be obtained from the participants. This study was approved by the University of KwaZulu-Natal Biomedical Research Ethics Committee (BREC)-Reference Number: (BE654/17). Ethical approval was also obtained from the Kwara State Ministry of Health (MOH/KS/EU/777/225), Benue State Ministry of Health (MOH/STA/204/56), and the Nasarawa State Ministry of Health: NHREC 18/06/2017). 
 
 Findings from this study will be published in peer-reviewed local and international journals. Findings will also be made available to health policymakers at the state ministry of health and hospital facilities selected for the study. The principal investigators and the health providers will sensitize patients on the study outcome.
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Igberase, Gabriel O. "Forgotten intrauterine device contributing to infertility." Clinics and Practice 1, no. 3 (2011): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/cp.2011.e74.
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The aim of the study is to show that long standing forgotten intrauterine device contributes to infertility, reporting three cases presented at Central Hospital Warri, Nigeria, a government tertiary health center. Three cases of forgotten intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD) contributing to infertility were seen. Two were inserted for contraceptive reasons while one was inserted while being managed for uterine synechae. Health care providers should ensure proper documentation of all procedures carried out, adequate counseling which should include taking an informed consent and also ensuring both short and long term follow up of their clients. Also all patients being evaluated for infertility and clients with past history of intrauterine device must have a speculum examination and ultrasound scan carried out.
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J.E., Ibebuike,, Onyeneke, U.J., and Chinedu-Eleonu, P. "Reproductive Health Services in Owerri West Local Government Area, Imo State, Nigeria: Youths and Providers’ Perspective." International Journal of Science and Healthcare Research 6, no. 3 (2021): 208–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijshr.20210736.
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Reproductive health is central to human identity and imperative for health and well-being. This study was carried out in Owerri West Local Government Area of Imo State, Nigeria to investigate the perspective of youths and providers of reproductive health services toward its utilization and challenges. The study was a descriptive cross sectional study of which the multistage sampling technique was adopted to select samples for the study. A well-structured questionnaire was used to interview the subjects all of gave an informed consent to be part of the study. Results showed that the youth’s view on impending factors of RHS include attitude of RHS workers, cost of provision of RHS, poor keeping of secret about one’s health, lack of confidentiality among workers, parental influence, poor environment and poor road accessibility and lack of confidentiality. The providers generally identified the role RHS play in terms of family planning, antenatal care services, treatment of unsafe abortion, referral services, treatment and prevention of sexually transmitted infections, etc. They were of the view that some of the impediments affecting quality RHS in their communities were poor environment, lack of privacy, poor maintenance of the buildings for health care, fear of the elderly, poor attitude of some of the health workers, lack of accessible roads leading to health centers, poor availability of equipment and product supplies, treatment cost, etc. It was recommended that health awareness campaigns concerning RHS and its associating risk factors should be made more pronounced in the society especially among youths. Keywords: Reproductive Health Services, Sexual and Reproductive Health, Youths, Providers, Sexually Transmitted Infections.
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Ademuyiwa, Iyabo Yewande, Rosaline O. Opeke, Adekunbi Abosesde Farotimi, Adeolu Ejidokun, Atinuke O. Olowe, and Eunice Abimbola Ojo. "Awareness and satisfaction with antenatal care services among pregnant women in Lagos state, Nigeria." Calabar Journal of Health Sciences 5 (June 30, 2021): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/cjhs_53_2020.
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Objectives: Despite the growing interest and efforts by government to make popular use of antenatal care (ANC) services in Nigeria as recommended by the World Health Organization, high level of infant and maternal mortality remains a major public health challenge facing the country. Dissatisfaction toward ANC services among pregnant women may be attributed to low level of awareness. This study assessed the level of awareness and satisfaction of ANC services among pregnant women in Lagos state, Nigeria. Material and Methods: The study adopted a survey research design. A multistage sampling technique was utilized to recruit participants for this study. A validated questionnaire was used for data collection and data were analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. Ethical approval was obtained from Babcock University Health Research Ethics Committee with approval no: BUHREC543/17. Approval was also obtained from health service commission and in the six general hospitals used for the study. Informed consent was taken and respondents were reassured of the privacy and confidentiality of the information obtained. Results: The results showed that most of the respondents (85.6%) were in their reproductive years, that is, ages 23–37. The results showed that the level of awareness had a significant influence on pregnant women’s satisfaction with the services (β = 0.460, F(1,1313) = 351.499, R2 = 0.211, P < 0.05). The level of awareness of ANC services was high (M = 4.31, SD = 1.01) on a scale of 5. Conclusion: The study concluded that awareness of ANC services positively impacts pregnant women’s satisfaction with the services in Lagos state. Efforts should be made to improve the level of awareness of pregnant mothers to achieve greater satisfaction with ANC services in Lagos state.
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Obiora, Oluchukwu Loveth, Pauline O. Ezenduka, and Chuka Ifeanyi Umeonwuka. "Infant feeding practices among parturient women in rural communities of Anambra State, Nigeria." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 6, no. 8 (2019): 3216. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20193432.
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Background: Infant feeding is an integral part of the reproductive process with important implications for the health of mothers and their babies. However, various practices exist in different communities. It is therefore pertinent to know the infant feeding practices among rural dwellers, as well as the factors that influence them.Methods: This study was a cross sectional survey. A total of 372 volunteering parturient women were recruited using a multi-stage stratified sampling technique. Ethical approval and respondents’ informed consent was obtained. A self-developed and validated questionnaire was used to collect data. Descriptive and inferential statistics was used to analyse data.Results: Findings revealed that majority (84.4%) of the respondents were aware of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF), but only about half (50.5%) ever practiced exclusive breastfeeding. Also, a significant percentage of the respondents introduced complimentary feeding to the baby immediately after birth while 29.3% of participants reported drinking palm wine which is mainly alcoholic to stimulate breast milk secretion. Occupation of parturient women was associated with the practice of EBF (p=0.002).Conclusions: Almost half of our studied parturient women do not engage in EBF. There is need for health care workers to strategically educate parturient women and their significant others on the numerous benefits of exclusive breast feeding.
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Lawal, B. K., S. Mohammed, M. A. Ladan, B. B. Maiha, A. A. Aliyu, and A. T. Mande. "Patients’ Perspectives on Their Safety: A Qualitative Study in Two Public Health Facilities in Kaduna State, Nigeria." Nigerian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 16, no. 2 (2021): 101–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njpr.v16i2.12s.
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Background: Safe healthcare environments influence patients’ valuation of care received and impact on better health outcomes. It has been recognized that patients can contribute invaluably in improving the quality and safety of healthcare services they receive.Objective: To explore the perspectives of patients on their safety in healthcare.Methods: A qualitative study comprising of four (4) focus group discussions (FGDs) with six to eight participants was conducted in two public health facilities in Kaduna State, Nigeria. Patients admitted in medical wards (male and female) were recruited through a purposive sampling technique after obtaining their verbal informed consent to participate. A topic guide, containing open ended questions that explored patients’ opinions on their safety in healthcare was used for the discussions. All FGD sessions were recorded, transcribed and coded using thematic analysis.Results: The participants consisted of 15 females and 13 males in FGD sessions that lasted between 55 to 90 minutes. All participants were Hausa speaking, with varying levels of education. Six (6) themes were generated which the patients perceived to play a role in their safety in healthcare. These themes are: choice of hospital, patient satisfaction, patient experiences, patient engagement, communication openness and suggestions by patients for improvement.Conclusion: The findings of this study have highlighted both positive and negative perspectives of patients regarding their safety in healthcare. The patients provided some recommendations for areas where improvements are required for improved patient safety. These include infrastructural improvements, staffing, and availability of medicines, amongst others.
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Oriaku, N., M. G. Orji, R. Agbi, et al. "The Burden of HER-2 Positive Patients in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Caregiver Perspective." Journal of Global Oncology 4, Supplement 2 (2018): 155s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.18.73500.
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Background and context: Several studies showed that the use of the recombinant monoclonal antibody trastuzumab, in addition to adjuvant chemotherapy, for breast cancer with overexpression of the HER-2 protein or amplification of the HER-2/neu gene reduced the risk of recurrence by 50% in women irrespective of nodal status. In Nigeria, breast cancer is the leading and the most common cancer in women. A trastuzumab brand known as Herceptin is the popular brand usually prescribed by the oncologist in Nigeria. Once a histopathology/immune-chemistry result shows HER-2 positive and oncologist informs that patient of the diagnosis being HER-2 positive; most patients emotionally breaks down due to cost of the drugs. In Nigeria, as at 2015 the cost of herceptin 455mg was N650,000 ($1857). As at June 2016 that same drug increased in cost to N1,100,000 ($3142) due to the unstable exchange rate in Nigeria. In Nigeria 90% of patients pay-out of pocket for treatment and drugs as the health insurance system in my country does not cover chemotherapy drugs. Several cancer patients with HER-2 patients face serious financial challenges in Nigeria, as so many experience spread of the cancer to vital organ when they are unable to get finance to purchase the life-saving drug for their HER-2 positive breast cancer subtype. Aim: To understand the burden of HER-2 diagnosis in Nigeria and stimulate advocacy for the reduction of the cost of Herceptin in Nigeria and other sub-Saharan Africa where finance is a serious impediment to accessing medical care. Strategy/Tactics: The study will present case studies of three Nigerian women who were diagnosed of HER-2. Interview was used as a method of data collection, informed consent were also completed by the patients before the interview. Program/Policy process: Our study reveals that there is a need to engage the federal and state governments, corporate organizations, insurance schemes and most importantly pharmaceutical companies to reduce cost of cancer drugs and particularly Herceptin. HER-2 breast cancer patients need to lead the advocacy for reduction in cost of drug at all levels. Outcomes: Our qualitative findings reveal that caregivers are mostly affected by the cost of drugs such as Herceptin. In some cases caregivers, sell valuables, take loan and go public to raise funds for the cancer drugs. What was learned: Most HER-2 positive breast cancer patient could not afford Herceptin and some waited for several months to raise funds, which is probably a factor in metastasis and low-survival.
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Sholeye, Oluwafolahan O., Victor J. Animasahun, Albert A. Salako, and Bankole K. Oyewole. "Household food insecurity among people living with HIV in Sagamu, Nigeria: A preliminary study." Nutrition and Health 23, no. 2 (2017): 95–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0260106017704798.
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Background: Household food insecurity has been associated with increased risk of transmission of HIV infection and poor treatment outcomes. This study therefore determined the prevalence of household food insecurity and its associated factors among people living with HIV in Sagamu, Ogun State, Nigeria. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out among 244 adult clients accessing care and support at the teaching hospital in Sagamu, Nigeria, selected via systematic sampling. Data was collected with the aid of a semi-structured, interviewer-administered questionnaire. Data was analysed using SPSS 21.0. Relevant descriptive and inferential statistics were calculated. Informed consent was obtained and strict confidentiality was ensured. Results: The mean age of respondents was 38.8 ± 9.2 years; 84% of respondents were female; 69.3% were married, 12.9% had lost their partners. About 12% spent more than three-quarters of the household income on food. The prevalence of household food insecurity was 71.7%. Food insecurity was associated ( p < 0.05) with educational status; occupation; type of housing; availability of toilet facilities; benefiting from food assistance; delaying drugs to prevent hunger; skipping drugs; vegetable consumption pattern; and exchanging sex for food. Conclusion: The prevalence of household food insecurity in this study was high. Living conditions were significantly associated with food insecurity. Socio-economic conditions need to be improved, to optimize the health and food security status of people living with HIV in Sagamu.
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Ezeonwu, Bertilla U., Ayodeji Ayodele, Obinna C. Ajaegbu, Nkemjika E. Mbagwu, Odiri Ovemeso, and Angela A. Okolo. "Is knowledge and practice of oral rehydration therapy suboptimal? Assessment at Federal Medical Center, Asaba, South-South Nigeria." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 4, no. 8 (2017): 2658. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20173309.
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Background: Oral rehydration therapy (ORT) is a core component of the childhood survival strategies to reduce child mortality and morbidity due to diarrhoeal disease with its fatal dehydrating complication of acute kidney injury. This strategy is indispensable to the attainment of the International Society of Nephrology’s (ISN) aim to eliminate preventable deaths from acute kidney injury (AKI) by year 2025. Diarrheal disease is the second most common cause of morbidity and mortality in children at our centre. This interventional study assessed the knowledge and the practice of ORT among caregivers, educated and trained them on the management of diarrhoeal diseases and practice of ORT. Oral rehydration salt (ORS) and zinc tablets were also distributed. Methods: An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used following informed consent. Consented care givers of wards attendees of FMC Asaba were assessed on their knowledge and their practice of ORT, educated on childhood diarrheal diseases, trained on practice of ORT and had ORS and zinc tablets distributed to them. These assessments were done on the spot and 6 weeks after the health talk, from July 2015 to December 2015. Results: There were 266 respondents and 231 were mothers. The immediate impact of the health talk on the knowledge and the practice of ORT was laudable, p≤0.0001 and educational attainment of the respondent influenced the immediate post health talk knowledge of ORT, p=0.009. The age of the respondent predicted the long term impact of health talk on practice of ORT, p=0.020. Conclusions: Knowledge and practice of ORT are not optimal but can be improved by regular education.
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Oluwole, Esther O., Titilope A. Adeyemo, Gbemisola E. Osanyin, Oluwakemi O. Odukoya, Phyllis J. Kanki, and Bosede B. Afolabi. "Feasibility and acceptability of early infant screening for sickle cell disease in Lagos, Nigeria—A pilot study." PLOS ONE 15, no. 12 (2020): e0242861. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0242861.
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In Nigeria, about 150000 babies are born annually with sickle cell disease (SCD), and this figure has been estimated to increase by 100% by the year 2050 without effective and sustainable control strategies. Despite the high prevalence, newborn screening for SCD which allows for early prophylactic treatment, education of parents/guardians and comprehensive management is not yet available. This study explored a strategy for screening in early infancy during the first and second immunization visits, determined the prevalence, feasibility and acceptability of early infant screening for SCD and the evaluation of the HemoTypeSC diagnostic test as compared to the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) gold standard. A cross-sectional study was conducted in two selected primary health care centres in Somolu local government area (LGA) in Lagos, Nigeria. Two hundred and ninety-one mother-infant pairs who presented for the first or second immunization visit were consecutively enrolled in the study following written informed consent. The haemoglobin genotype of mother-infant pairs was determined using the HemoTypeSC rapid test kit. Confirmation of the infants’ Hb genotype was done with HPLC. Data were analysed with SPSS version 22. Validity and Predictive value of HemotypeSC rapid screening test were also calculated. Infant screening for SCD was acceptable to 86% of mothers presenting to the immunization clinics. The prevalence of SCD among the infant cohort was 0.8%. The infants diagnosed with SCD were immediately enrolled in the paediatric SCD clinic for disease-specific care. The HemoTypeSC test had 100% sensitivity and specificity for sickle cell disease in early infancy compared to HPLC. This study affirms that it is feasible and acceptable for mothers to implement a SCD screening intervention program in early infancy in Lagos State. The study also demonstrates the utility of the HemotypeSC rapid testing for ease and reduced cost of screening infants for SCD.
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Adoga, Moses P., Silas D. Gyar, Simon Pechulano, et al. "Hepatitis B virus infections in apparently healthy urban Nigerians: data from pre-vaccination tests." Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 4, no. 06 (2010): 397–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.591.
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Background: In spite of the availability of an effective vaccine since 1982 against hepatitis B, infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV), which is 50 to 100 times more infectious than HIV, still persists in most parts of the world with Nigeria being described as an endemic zone. We therefore set out to establish the prevalence of this infection and evaluate its relationship with age and gender in urban Nigerians. Methodology: During pre-vaccination tests, blood samples were collected by finger-prick and venepuncture from 1,891 subjects aged ≤ 60 years, between 2008 and 2009 after having obtained informed consent and ethical clearance. Smart Check HBsAg (Globalemed, Cape Town, South Africa) and ShantestTM-HBsAg Elisa (Shantha Biotechnics Ltd, Hyderabad, India) were used for initial and confirmatory tests respectively. Results: Of the 1,891 participants, 957 (50.6 %) were males and 934 (49.4%) were females. Overall 114 (6.0%) were positive, of whom 71 (7.4%) were males and 43 (4.6%) females. Those aged 21-30 years had the highest infection rate, and males were more likely to be infected with the virus than females (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Such a high prevalence of a vaccine-preventable infection questions the effectiveness of the Nigerian vaccination strategies. The Nigerian government hepatitis B vaccination programme, which hitherto is limited to the National Childhood Immunisation Programme, should include the adult population.
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Regan, William F. "Informed Consent in Sports Health care." Athletic Therapy Today 4, no. 3 (1999): 47–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/att.4.3.47.
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Ezeuko, Mabel Ijeoma. "Nigerian laws on informed consent before a surgical procedure." Medico-Legal Journal 87, no. 4 (2019): 185–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0025817219868098.
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Informed consent is a process of communication between a clinician and a patient, which results in the patient's agreement to undergo a medical procedure. Rule 19 Part A: Code of Medical Ethics of Nigeria and Section 23 of the National Health Act 2004 prescribe the process of obtaining consent before a medical intervention. The equitable law of torts and/or criminal liabilities that deal with medical negligence should be invoked more often by patients whose right to informed consent is denied by medical practitioners.
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Murtha, Tanya D., and E. Vincent S. Faustino. "Is “Informed Consent” Truly Informed?*." Pediatric Critical Care Medicine 21, no. 6 (2020): 589–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/pcc.0000000000002242.
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Iwuozo, EU, OR Obiako, MO Ogiator, and A. Ogunniyi. "Profile of People with Epilepsy seen at a Tertiary Hospital in North-West Nigeria." Journal of BioMedical Research and Clinical Practice 3, no. 3 (2020): 406–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.46912/jbrcp.200.
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Epilepsy is one of the most prevalent chronic non-communicable neurological disorder. Persons with epilepsy (PWE) have unique characteristics that have social impacts on the affected individuals and their family. This study sought to describe the profile of patients with epilepsy attending the out-patient neurology clinic in a tertiary health care centre in North West Nigeria. The study was carried out at Neurology clinic of Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital Kaduna State, Nigeria from August 2013 to October 2014. Consecutively presenting PWE on follow-up were recruited after obtaining ethical approval and informed consent. Those recruited were at least 18 years and have been on routine follow-up for at least 1 year. Patients with clinical and electroencephalography (EEG) features suggestive of non-epileptic seizures, acute metabolic or febrile illness precipitating seizures were excluded. A structured questionnaire was used to obtain all relevant information. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 17 with p-value set at less than 0.05. A total of 103 PWE were recruited with median age of 29 years. More than 50% were in the 21-30 years age group. About 55.3% were single (never married), 58.2% were unemployed and earned < ₦50,000.00 monthly income. The median age of onset of epilepsy was 20 years, while median duration of illness was 7 years. About 50.5% were focal seizures, with traumatic head injury (14.6%) and febrile convulsion (12.6%) as aetiological factors, while 52.5% of them had no identifiable aetiological factor. About 96% were on antiepileptic drug monotherapy, 82% of them on carbamazepine only for a median duration of 7.5 years. Our study shows that epilepsy is predominant among the young population, who are mostly single (never married), unemployed, with poor monthly income occurring more as focal seizure type, with majority of them on carbamazepine monotherapy. There is the need for public enlightenment campaign and effort targeted at mitigating the prevalence of the disease among the young and productive population.
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Faden, Ruth R., Tom L. Beauchamp, and Nancy E. Kass. "Informed Consent, Comparative Effectiveness, and Learning Health Care." New England Journal of Medicine 370, no. 8 (2014): 766–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/nejmhle1313674.
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Manion, F., K. Hsieh, M. Harris, and S. H. Fenton. "Informed Consent." Applied Clinical Informatics 06, no. 03 (2015): 466–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4338/aci-2014-09-soa-0081.
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Summary Background: Despite efforts to provide standard definitions of terms such as “medical record”, “computer-based patient record”, “electronic medical record” and “electronic health record”, the terms are still used interchangeably. Initiatives like data and information governance, research biorepositories, and learning health systems require availability and reuse of data, as well as common understandings of the scope for specific purposes. Lacking widely shared definitions, utilization of the afore-mentioned terms in research informed consent documents calls to question whether all participants in the research process — patients, information technology and regulatory staff, and the investigative team — fully understand what data and information they are asking to obtain and agreeing to share. Objectives: This descriptive study explored the terminology used in research informed consent documents when describing patient data and information, asking the question “Does the use of the term “medical record” in the context of a research informed consent document accurately represent the scope of the data involved?” Methods: Informed consent document templates found on 17 Institutional Review Board (IRB) websites with Clinical and Translational Science Awards (CTSA) were searched for terms that appeared to be describing the data resources to be accessed. The National Library of Medicine’s (NLM) Terminology Services was searched for definitions provided by key standards groups that deposit terminologies with the NLM. Discussion: The results suggest research consent documents are using outdated terms to describe patient information, health care terminology systems need to consider the context of research for use cases, and that there is significant work to be done to assure the HIPAA Omnibus Rule is applied to contemporary activities such as biorepositories and learning health systems. Conclusions: “Medical record”, a term used extensively in research informed consent documents, is ambiguous and does not serve us well in the context of contemporary information management and governance. Citation: Fenton SH, Manion F, Hsieh K, Harris M. Informed Consent: Does Anyone Really Understand What Is Contained In The Medical Record? Appl Clin Inform 2015; 6: 466–477http://dx.doi.org/10.4338/ACI-2014-09-SOA-0081
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Chuchalin, Alexandr G. "Consent. Modern interpretation: "Voluntary Informed Consent"." Terapevticheskii arkhiv 93, no. 5 (2021): 640–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.26442/00403660.2021.05.200797.
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The article is devoted to voluntary informed consent. It considers the historical issues of the formation of this concept in modern health care and medical science. The article highlights a historical role of the Nuremberg Code which was taken as the basis for the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the World Medical Association (WMA) Code of Ethics, the Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights, i.e. documents that defined the world order after the end of World War II.
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Chuchalin, A. G. "Voluntary informed consent." PULMONOLOGIYA 31, no. 1 (2021): 116–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.18093/0869-0189-2021-31-1-116-120.
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This article discusses voluntary informed consent (VIC), a prerequisite for any medical intervention. The article touches upon the history of this issue in modern health care and medical science. The role of the Nuremberg Code is emphasized, which is the basis for the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the Code of Medical Ethics of the World Medical Association, and the Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights. These documents helped define the world order after the end of World War II. The first part of the article reflects the history of the concept of VIC, while the second outlines the modern ethical views on this issue.
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Melo, Paulo, Sinead Malone, Arathi Rao, and Charlotte Fine. "A 21-Day School-Based Toothbrushing Intervention in Children Aged 6 to 9 Years in Indonesia and Nigeria: Protocol for a Two-Arm Superiority Randomized Controlled Trial." JMIR Research Protocols 9, no. 2 (2020): e14156. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/14156.
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Background The World Health Organization reports that dental cavities affect 60% to 90% of children globally. FDI World Dental Federation and Unilever Oral Care have developed public health programs to improve brushing habits over their 12-year partnership. The last of these (phase III) named Brush Day & Night aimed to educate children on brushing twice daily with a fluoride toothpaste and gave useful information for a new project, phase IV. The 21-day Brush Day & Night program is an intense education activity designed to establish the habit of brushing day and night with a fluoride toothpaste. The program involves daily brushing instruction and includes free toothpaste and toothbrushes. Objective The main objective of the study is to evaluate the impact of a 21-day school program on children’s oral health. As a secondary objective, we aim to evaluate the impact on the knowledge, behavior, toothbrushing habits, and quality of life in school children aged 6 to 9 years after a 21-day school program and compare with baseline and a control group as measured by the self-reported questionnaires issued to children (in particular, the self-reported brushing frequency and positive responses on fluoridated toothpaste use). The enduring nature of the program will be determined by the inclusion of 8- and 24-week time points. Methods The study is a 2-arm superiority randomized controlled trial. Clusters in this study are infant and junior schools in Indonesia and Nigeria. The study aims to recruit 20 schools with children aged 6 to 9 years in each country. At baseline, children in both intervention and control schools will answer a questionnaire and have their clinical oral health assessed using the Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI) and Decayed Missing and Filled Teeth index. Children in the intervention schools will then take part in a structured 21-day Brush Day & Night intervention. Children in the control schools will be provided with free toothpaste and toothbrushes but will not receive the 21-day intervention. The questionnaires and OHI assessments are repeated after the 21-day program is completed and again 8 weeks later and 24 weeks later for all participating children. Parents/carers/guardians of all children will sign the informed consent and complete questionnaires on their own experience and attitudes toward oral health and toothbrushing routine at each of the four times points (baseline, 21 days, 8 weeks, and 24 weeks). The study will be conducted by the national dental associations of Indonesia and Nigeria and was approved by the ethics committees of both countries. Results The study is ongoing. Recruitment of schools started in Indonesia in February 2018 and in Nigeria in April 2018 for the first part of the study, which concluded in Indonesia in September 2018 and in Nigeria in November 2018. The second part of the study (the second half of the schools) started in November 2018 in Indonesia and December 2018 in Nigeria. Conclusions We expect to collect all the data during 2019 and publish findings from the study by March 2020. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04001296; https://tinyurl.com/selxraa International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/14156
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Tully, Jeffrey, Andrea Coravos, Megan Doerr, and Christian Dameff. "Connected Medical Technology and Cybersecurity Informed Consent: A New Paradigm." Journal of Medical Internet Research 22, no. 3 (2020): e17612. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/17612.
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Background Connected medical technology is increasingly prevalent and offers both a host of new therapeutic potentials and cybersecurity-related considerations. Current practice largely does not include discussions of cybersecurity issues when clinicians obtain informed consent. Objective This paper aims to raise awareness about cybersecurity considerations for connected medical technology as they relate to informed consent discussions between patients and clinicians. Methods Clinicians, health care cybersecurity researchers, and informed consent experts propose the concept of a cybersecurity informed consent for connected medical technology. Results This viewpoint discusses concepts designed to facilitate further discussion on the need, development, and execution of cybersecurity informed consent. Conclusions Cybersecurity informed consent may be a necessary component of informed consent practices, as connected medical technology proliferates in the health care environment.
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Nassar, Afnan A., and Abrar K. Demyati. "Informed Consent in the Health Care System: An Overview from a Dental Perspective in Saudi Arabia." Saudi Journal of Health Systems Research 1, no. 1 (2021): 11–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000514405.
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Background: Patient autonomy in the health care system is achieved by the vital principle of providing informed consent. Throughout history, informed consent gained recognition and improved to include more aids and steps to formalize and standardize the process of obtaining proper consent in medical and dental practice. Regardless of the type of informed consent obtained before the treatment, it should include an adequate understandable description of nature and diagnosis of the disease, treatment plan, proper alternatives, risks, and limitations. Summary: There is limited information in the ethics literature covering critical concepts related to different dental procedures in Saudi Arabia. In Saudi Arabia, informed consent in dentistry is not well-documented. As everything is evolving and changing in Saudi society, litigation has progressed and impacted dentistry. This overview will help in addressing aspects related to informed consent and closing the gaps in the dental health care system in Saudi Arabia, managing complex ethical issues associated with dental patients. In addition, providing recommendations and shedding some light on the importance of informed consent will improve the situation of the informed consent process in Saudi Arabia. Key Messages: Informed consent allows patients to be part of the decision-making process, and it provides legal protection for the practitioners from practice lawsuit cases. Dentists should take extra care in documenting the consent process and patient’s choice regarding their treatment to avoid unfavorable consequences. In Saudi Arabia, attention should be drawn toward the crucial role of informed consent, and more studies should be published in order to enrich the knowledge and to improve the health care system.
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Indest, George F. "Applying Informed Consent to the Home Health Care Industry." Home Health Care Management & Practice 9, no. 6 (1997): 17–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/108482239700900607.
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Asch, David A., Tracy A. Ziolek, and Shivan J. Mehta. "Misdirections in Informed Consent — Impediments to Health Care Innovation." New England Journal of Medicine 377, no. 15 (2017): 1412–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/nejmp1707991.
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Ploug, Thomas, and Søren Holm. "Routinisation of informed consent in online health care systems." International Journal of Medical Informatics 84, no. 4 (2015): 229–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2015.01.003.
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Shelton, Ann K., Anne F. Fish, J. Perren Cobb, et al. "Surrogate Consent for Genomics Research in Intensive Care." American Journal of Critical Care 18, no. 5 (2009): 418–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4037/ajcc2009473.
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Surrogate decision makers may be poorly prepared to give informed consent for genomics research for their loved ones in intensive care. A review of the challenges and strategies associated with obtaining surrogates’ consent for genomics research in intensive care patients revealed that few well-controlled studies have been done on this topic. Yet, a major theme in the literature is the role of health care professionals in guiding surrogates through the informed consent process rather than simply witnessing a signature. Informed consent requires explicit strategies to approach potential surrogates effectively, educate them, and ensure that informed consent has been attained.
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Adenugba, Oluwaseun Adeola. "The Epistemological Import of Informed Consent in Clinical Research." Bangladesh Journal of Bioethics 4, no. 2 (2013): 34–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bioethics.v4i2.16374.
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This paper attempts to establish the epistemological import and limits of informed consent in clinical research. It points out that informed consent is a necessary requirement in clinical research because it ensures adequate participation of care receivers in issues relating to their health. Besides ensuring that care receivers have knowledge of whatever medical intervention they are consenting to, informed consent, as an ideal, provides assurance that care receivers and others are neither coerced nor deceived. While the question of the value of informed consent in health care delivery is not so much controverted, in contest is the question of whether or not complete and wholly specifically informed consent can indeed be realized in medical intervention. Two orientations are identified in this debate. One insists that an individual will be able to make an informed decision and make reasonable choices amongst alternatives when fully informed. The other orientation sees as an epistemic illusion, achieving full informed consent, and rather opts for informed request. This paper examines this debate by clarifying the notion of informed consent, its components and its nexus with knowledge. The position of the paper is that informed consent is not only an ethical ideal in clinical research and health care; it is also an epistemic virtue that must be continuously strived towards. This paper establishes that health care receivers can only have an epistemic claim of their medical situation if all requirements of informed consent in health care delivery such as provision of adequate information, the risk and benefits of treatment, avoidance of vague/ambiguous statements, voluntariness, etc. are met. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bioethics.v4i2.16374 Bangladesh Journal of Bioethics 2013; 4(2) 34-40
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Stultiëns, Loes, Kris Dierickx, Herman Nys, Tom Goffin, and Pascal Borry. "Minors and Informed Consent: A Comparative Approach." European Journal of Health Law 14, no. 1 (2007): 21–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/092902707x182788.
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AbstractThe European Convention on Human Rights and Biomedicine of the Council of Europe provides in article 6 for special protection of persons who are not able to give free and informed consent to an intervention in the health field, e.g. minors. According to the second paragraph of this article it is up to domestic law to decide whether and under which conditions a minor is capable of taking autonomous decisions in the health field.In the present article an overview is given of the legal regulations in place regarding the position of minors in a health care setting in the EU Member States that have ratified the European Convention on Human Rights and Biomedicine namely Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Greece, Hungary, Lithuania, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia and Spain. As the overview will show, the legal position of minor patients in a health care setting varies from country to country. This in view of the system they have opted for as well as the age and circumstances under which minors are allowed to take health care decisions autonomously.
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Manning, Susan S., and Colleen E. Gaul. "The Ethics of Informed Consent." Social Work in Health Care 25, no. 3 (1997): 103–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j010v25n03_09.
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Widdershoven, Guy A. M., and Frank W. S. M. Verheggen. "Improving Informed Consent by Implementing Shared Decisionmaking in Health Care." IRB: Ethics and Human Research 21, no. 4 (1999): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3564417.
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Chadha, N. K., C. Repanos, and Arun Prasad. "How Much Do Health Care Professionals Know About Informed Consent?" Apollo Medicine 2, no. 1 (2005): 75–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0976-0016(12)60068-4.
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FRIMPONG-MANSOH, AUGUSTINE. "CULTURE AND VOLUNTARY INFORMED CONSENT IN AFRICAN HEALTH CARE SYSTEMS." Developing World Bioethics 8, no. 2 (2008): 104–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-8847.2006.00181.x.
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Zehr, Martin D. "Informed Consent in the Long Term Care Setting." Clinical Gerontologist 25, no. 3-4 (2003): 239–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j018v25n03_03.
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Teitelbaum, Joel, Lara Cartwright-Smith, and Sara Rosenbaum. "Translating Rights into Access: Language Access and the Affordable Care Act." American Journal of Law & Medicine 38, no. 2-3 (2012): 348–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009885881203800205.
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More than twenty-four million people in the United States are considered limited English proficient (LEP), and numerous studies have documented the consequences of communication barriers in healthcare. These consequences include: patients’ inability to become engaged and involved in their care; the absence of crucial information—including cultural information—essential to healthcare quality; risks to patient safety arising from the misunderstanding of physician instructions; and ethical and legal lapses stemming from the absence of informed consent. Addressing healthcare rights necessarily entails coming to grips with how to facilitate communication and the exchange of information between the healthcare system and an increasingly diverse patient population.The history of language access services in healthcare is grounded in two distinct bodies of law: the law of informed consent and civil rights law. Modern notions of informed consent law—which have their roots in the Nuremberg trials of the late 1940s—would recognize a cause of action in tort where a lack of adequate communication creates a barrier to an LEP patient's ability to consent to care. In modern healthcare law, the ability of patients to affirmatively give informed consent to treatment is considered a fundamental element of healthcare quality.
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Goldstein, Melissa M. "Health Information Technology and the Idea of Informed Consent." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 38, no. 1 (2010): 27–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.2010.00463.x.
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As policy makers place great hope in health information technology (HIT) as a means to lower costs and achieve improvements in health care quality, safety, and efficiency, organizations at the forefront of building health information exchange (HIE) networks attempt to weave the concept and function of informed consent into an evolving information-driven health care system. The vast amount of information that will become available to both health professionals and patients in the new HIT-driven environment can reasonably be expected to affect the relationship between them in many ways, particularly in the area of informed consent. During this early stage of HIT adoption, it is critical that we engage in discussions regarding informed consent’s proper role in a heretofore unknown health care environment — one in which electronic information sharing holds primary (and possibly rightful) importance. The central and largely unexamined question of whether and how the legal and ethical underpinnings of informed consent will fit into the context of HITenabled treatment is critical to both public policy and clinical practice.
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Edwards, B. Lorrie, Heidi Werner, Yorghos Tripodis, et al. "Variability in Informed Consent Practices for Non-Emergent Procedures in Pediatric Emergency Departments." Clinical Pediatrics 58, no. 14 (2019): 1509–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0009922819877873.
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Although informed consent is a cornerstone of medical ethics, it is unclear if the practice for obtaining informed consent is consistent among pediatric emergency departments. This study’s goal is to describe the current practice for written informed consent in academic pediatric emergency departments for non-emergent procedures. A questionnaire distributed to pediatric emergency medicine fellowship directors queried whether written informed consent was standard of care for 15 procedures and assessed departmental consent policies and use of “blanket” consent-to-treat forms. Response rate was 80% (n = 64). Institutions obtained written consent for a mean of 4.4 procedures. Written informed consent was most commonly obtained for procedural sedation (82.5%), blood transfusion (72.9%), and lumbar puncture (66.5%). Twenty-one institutions (32.8%) had policies specifying procedures requiring written consent. Thirty-five institutions (54.7%) used “blanket” consent-to-treat forms. Our results suggest that there is variability in the use of written informed consent for non-emergent procedures among academic pediatric emergency departments.
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Lingler, Jennifer Hagerty, Rita A. Jablonski, Meg Bourbonniere, and Ann Kolanowski. "Informed Consent to Research in Long-Term Care Settings." Research in Gerontological Nursing 2, no. 3 (2009): 153–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3928/19404921-20090428-03.
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Prudil, Lukáš. "Asylum Seekers and Informed Consent — European Perspective." European Journal of Health Law 18, no. 1 (2011): 37–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157180911x549199.
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AbstractFor centuries, people of various nationalities from various States have sought asylum for varied reasons. These people seeking asylum can need medical care in the host country. In this article I would like to discuss to what extent informed consent is needed, and to what extent informed consent must be sought. The problem is discussed from the perspective of European international documents, mainly on those of the Council of Europe.
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Pacheco-Gómez, Alejandro. "Legal considerations about informed consent inside health field." Mexican Bioethics Review ICSA 1, no. 2 (2020): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.29057/mbr.v1i2.5364.
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Informed consent is a process by which people are previously informed in a clear, complete, truthful and timely manner about the disposition of their human body, in life or post-mortem, whether for therapeutic, teaching or research purposes. Is a legitimating principle of the biomedical act as guarantees respect for the autonomy of the patient and justifies the intervention of health personnel. There are various forms of externalization of informed consent, according to the stipulations of the regulatory framework. It is considered as an inherent obligation to the actions of the health care professional, so it is understood as an integral part of the lex artis. A brief review of its legal regulation and of the doctrinal elements is made in order to identify its mandatory and legal significance.
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Nicholas, Michael. "The surgical care practitioner seeking consent: An appropriate delegate?" Journal of Perioperative Practice 28, no. 10 (2018): 273–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1750458918780156.
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Surgical care practitioners (SCPs) have become recognised as integral members of the surgical team in many healthcare establishments. Seeking informed consent either as the operating practitioner or on behalf of the surgeon, as their delegate, has becoming routine for many SCPs. Informed consent is a critical step in the patient’s care pathway and fundamental in fostering shared decision making and safer surgical practice. The relatively recent case of Montgomery v Lanarkshire Health Board has highlighted a need for those practitioners seeking informed consent to critically examine their practice and revisit the founding principles of the process.
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Eutheriana, Raden Roro Anja. "INFORMED CONSENT AS A LEGAL PROTECTION FOR PATIENTS." Dentika Dental Journal 19, no. 2 (2016): 168–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/dentika.v19i2.461.
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Informed consent is a communication process between doctors and patients pertaining an agreement about medical treatments performed by doctors to their patients then continued by signing informed consent form. It originates from the legal and ethical right the patient has to direct what happens to her body and from the ethical duty of the physician to involve the patient in her health care. The most important goal of informed consent is that the patient has an opportunity to be an informed participant in his health care decisions. Informed consent usually also protects doctor from liability (with exceptions) provided that the procedure is properly execute according to the prevailing standard of care without negligence. Approval for informed consent must be based on medical information regarding the disease from the relevant medical doctors. This matter is regulated in Article 45 of Law 29 of 2004 about medical practices. It can be concluded that an informed consent is one of legal efforts in protecting patients from medical neglect that medical doctors commited.
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K., Vanishree M., Ganesh Shenoy Panchmal, and Umashankar G. K. "Informed consent in dental practice among dental professionals in Karnataka." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 8, no. 8 (2021): 3836. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20213010.
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Background: The purpose of informed consent is to assure that the patient has a full understanding of proposed treatment and can make a relevant health-care decision based on the information provided by the health-care professional. Many health-care professionals see the process as burdensome and time-consuming. It is also one of the common allegations in many professional liabilities claims against health professionals. Informed consent focuses on patients’ absolute right to understand their status and the practitioner’s proposed treatment plan. Informed consent is the educational process by which the patient is made aware of the dentist’s diagnosis and treatment plan. Studies have shown that 40% of the written consent obtained from the parents was not valid. Making an informed decision is the right of every patient, but it is the responsibility of dentists to ensure patients have the comprehensive information needed to exercise that right.Methods: A cross-sectional study was done to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of informed consent among 865 dental professionals practicing in Karnataka. The study used the validated structured questionnaire.Results: The results showed 94.8% of the participants agreed that the key step to prevent one’s practice from legal action is valid informed consent. The mean scores were used for analysis the total knowledge, attitude and practice scores for the participants were 19.01±2.61, 7.07±1.45 and 1.49±0.50 respectively. Only 37.3% of dental professionals took written informed consent and majority i.e., 54.5% took consent only for special cases.Conclusions: Though the dentist believed in taking informed consent. Consent in practice is not taken routinely.
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Barnes, Donelle M., Anne J. Davis, Tracy Moran, Carmen J. Portillo, and Barbara A. Koenig. "Informed Consent in a Multicultural Cancer Patient Population: implications for nursing practice." Nursing Ethics 5, no. 5 (1998): 412–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096973309800500505.
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Obtaining informed consent, an ethical obligation of nurses and other health care providers, occurs routinely when patients make health care decisions. The values underlying informed consent (promotion of patients’ well-being and respect for their self-determination) are embedded in the dominant American culture. Nurses who apply the USA’s cultural values of informed consent when caring for patients who come from other cultures encounter some ethical dilemmas. This descriptive study, conducted with Latino, Chinese and Anglo-American cancer patients in a large, public, west-coast clinic, describes constraints on the informed consent process in a multicultural setting, including language barriers, the clinical environment, control in decision making, and conflicting desired health outcomes for health care providers and patients, and suggests some implications for nursing practice.
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Grodin, Michael A. "The evolution of informed consent: Beyond an ethics of care." Women's Health Issues 3, no. 1 (1993): 11–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1049-3867(05)80226-9.
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Marron, Jonathan M. "Informed consent for genetic testing in hematology." Hematology 2020, no. 1 (2020): 213–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/hematology.2020000107.
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Abstract Informed consent is a fundamental component of modern health care. All competent adult patients have the legal and ethical authority to accept (consent) or refuse (dissent) recommended health-related interventions. Various models of informed consent have been described, and herein I introduce a model that divides informed consent into 7 distinct elements: competence, voluntariness, disclosure, recommendation, understanding, decision, and authorization. Genetic testing, which is rapidly becoming a common feature of both clinical care and research in hematology, adds additional layers of complexity to each of these consent elements. Using the example case of Mr. Smith, a man with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia whose clinicians offer him genetic testing of the leukemia through a clinical trial, I highlight the challenges and controversies of informed consent for genetic testing, focusing on each consent element as it pertains to genetic testing in such a setting. Ultimately, given the growing importance of genetic testing for hematologic disorders, clinicians, and researchers in hematology should be facile at participating in all aspects of informed consent for genetic testing.
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Kalina, Peter. "Ethical and Legal Manifestations of Informed Consent." Technium Social Sciences Journal 8 (May 23, 2020): 753–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.47577/tssj.v8i1.706.
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Informed consent to medical or surgical treatment, or "permission granted in the knowledge of the possible consequences” is an important, and sometimes contentious and controversial component of clinical practice. From an ethical, legal and philosophical perspective; informed consent has significant implications for health care providers. The three principal elements of informed consent are 1) thorough presentation of information, 2) patient’s capacity to comprehend (competence), 3) patient’s voluntary willingness to undergo or refuse treatment. The history of informed consent is highlighted by precedent-setting legal cases, the atrocities of World War II and subsequent 1947 Nuremberg Trials and, current HIPAA regulations and guidelines. Informed consent involves shared decision-making between provider and patient. Including patients acknowledges and safeguards patient autonomy such that health care decisions are made based on respecting individual preferences, goals, values, beliefs, objectives, and desires. Providers act as advocates for patients' rights. These are fundamental premises of today’s patient-centered care.
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Matthew, Dayna Bowen. "Race, Religion, and Informed Consent — Lessons from Social Science." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 36, no. 1 (2008): 150–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.2008.00244.x.
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Patients belonging to ethnic, racial, and religious minorities have been all but excluded from the legal academy’s ongoing conversation about informed consent. Perhaps this is just as well, since the conversation appears to have concluded that the doctrine has failed to serve as a meaningful regulation of clinical relationships. Informed consent does not operate in practice the way it was intended in theory. More than a decade ago, Peter Schuck noted the “informed consent gap” that distinguishes the “proper” law of informed consent “on the books” from the actual consent law in action, and called for a more contextualized approach to informed consent. Susan Wolf later called for a systemic approach to informed consent in order to accommodate multiple decision points in the managed care setting. Some reformers have sought enhancements to expand the doctrine.